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Answer

a  In metal working, the friction

plays an important role and also it provides the resistance to
relative
motion between the two parts in contact and also the loss
of energy is cause which also cause the
temperature to built up in
the process and can cause various issues to the tool and
equipment

Significance of using lubricants in metal

working

So there are various significance of the lubricants in metal

working as given below

Due to the Abrasive wear , small small particles can be trapped

inside the surface and they can create
various problems to the
surface so the lubricants provide the mspptg path of travel
Lubricant is used to reduce the buildup of various oxides which
can cause corrosion at later stage
Metal chip flow can be easily guided and smoothened
Lubricants main function in metal working is to reduce the
friction between the parts
It can reduce the wear and tear and also the better surface
finish is ensured
They can also reduce the operating temperature
Minimising of corrosion
Sealing and protection of components

Consideration in choosing the lubricants

For choosing the lubricants, there are various consideration

which need to be focuessed as given below

We should know the function for which the lubricant is going to

be used
What are the ingredients of the lubricants
All the terminology of the lubricant should be known so that
one can easily choose the proper lubricant for
perticular
application
Ingredients of the lubricants
Cost and it's affect to the overall output
Longevity of the lubricant
Availability

b.crankshaft manufacturing process for ship

engines

Even for making the crankshaft at higher pace, forging,

machining and casting is used but here in this case
of engine
ships, the forging is the best process which is used for making the
crankshaft for the ship
engines.

In forging deformation is caused in each stage to for ensuring

proper metal flow in to the die cavity in both
the dies up as well
as in bottom and the proper metal fill pattern creates the best
cranshaft out of this
process with process speed of flow And a
sound product is obtained with the post processes like

machining and heat treatment

 Apart from this the casting is also used for making these
products as In the process of Casting, basically
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molten metal is
poured
Home in to the cavity
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tools
the casting which is
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final product . In this the metal is
first heated and melted up to the temperature which ensures the
directional solicitation of the casting and than poured into the
mould. After cooling and solidification, the
cransfafts are removed
and machined and also as casting after the solidifation will be
having the  lowest
strength and it also remains brittle
so the casting is carried along with post processing of heat
treatment
and the surface treatment process which ensures the best
strength and application of the final product

Forging is considered to be best for making crnakshafts as it

provides better strength of the product while
in casting process
the product becomes brittle after completion of the process

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