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Program determines two-phase flow

BASIC computer program determines
which of seven possible flow patterns We chose to approximate the boundaries of the Baker
graph by eight straight lines, as is shown in Fig. 1. The equa-
a gas-liquid mixture will have as defined tions of those hiles are:
by the Baker graph Cl: lag By = 3.698 - 0.163 lag Bx
C2: lag By = 4.261 - 0.642 lag Bx
C. E. Yamashiro, lo G. Sala Espiell and 1.H. Farina, IPAKO C3: lag By = 4.959 - 0.410 lag Bx
S.A., Ensenada, Argentina C4: lag By = 4.477
C5: lag By = 4.019 - 0.241 lag Bx
WHEN A MIXTUREof a gas and a liquid flows along a
C6: lag By = 1.935 + 1.057 lag Bx
horizontal pipe, it is possible to have up to seven different
flow patterns. According to Bakerl these flow patterns are2: C7: lag By = 6.527 - 1.072 lag Bx
C8: lag By = 3.301 - 0.197 lag Bx
"'-' 1. Dispersed.When nearly all the liquid is entrained as
spray by the gas. To simplify the computer programming we divided the "
range of Bx into the following five zones:
2.. Annular.The liquid forms a film around the inside wall
of the pipe, and the gas flows at a high velocity as a central 1. 0.1 < Bx > 4.013
coreo 2. 4.013 < Bx > 15.00
3. Bubble. Bubbles of gas move along at abolir the same 3. 15.000 < Bx > 40.322
velocity as the liquido 4. 40.322 < Bx> 143.51
4. Stratified. The liquid flows along the bottom ofthe pipe 5. 143.51 < Bx:> 10,000
and the gas flows above ayer a smooth gas-liquid interface.
5. Wave. Is similar to stratified except the interface is dis- The Baker parameters have the following expressions:
turbed by waves moving in the direction of flow. Bx = K¡ (WjWc) (VPL PClpL2/3) (ILLl/3IaL)
'-'" 6. Slug. Waves are picked up periodically in the form of
frothy slugs that llave at a much greater velocity than the By = K2Wc/(7rD2/4) VPL Pc '-'"
average liquid velocity. where: W = flowrate
. 7. Plug. Alternate plugs of liquid and gas llave along the P = density
plpe. IL = viscosity
Bakerl has correlated the seven flow patterns by means of a = liquid surface tension
two numbers, the "Baker parameters," Bx and By- Thus the D = internal diameter of pipe
Bx, By plane shows seven regions, one for each flow patterh. L = liquid
Although the borders of the regions are drawn as hiles, they G = gas
are really broad transition zones. K1 and K2 are constants that involve the conversion factors
'- of units. Two seIs are included in our program:
dataK¡ are
= 2.1039
metric and K2 = 25,524.62 when the units of the-/

10,000
W = Kg/s
IL = cp
cQ D=m
P = Kg/m3
1,000
a = dyne/cm
K1 = 513 and K2 = 2.16 when the units of the data are
English
100 W = lb/h
10 100 1,000 10,000 IL = cp
B. D = ft
Fig. 1-Program's approximation of the Baker graph. P = Ib/cu3
a = dyne/cm
Determination of two-phase flow by computar. In a recent
paper Soliman3 provided a BASIC program to compute two- The computar programo Table 1 is a listing of the computer
~ phase pressure drop based on the excellent work of Kern.2 program written in BASIC. It has two options for the input
To determine the pattern of two-phase flow, Soliman re- of the data: metric or english units. Table 2 is an example of
duced the Baker graph to four regions instead of the seven the program output illustrating one zone in the Baker graph. /
found experimentally. This makes the computer program- We think that the errors in using our approximations are of
mirig a great deal easier. However, we think that Ibis is an the same magnitude as the inherent errors of the original
oversimplification. Baker graph.

46 Hydrocarbon Processing, December 1986

 ~~ .., ---

TABLE1
,.- 10 REM PROGRAMA "BAKER" EN CINTA 01-F
11 REM IPAKO INe, DE PROCESO -1984-'
12 REM

I~
20
30
REM DEFINES
PRINTER
THE PRINTER
IS 7,I',WIDTH(76) TABLE
2
40 OPTION BASE 1
I 50 REM
I 60 REM DATA INPUT METR lC LJNITS
70 REM
80 INPUT "ENGLISH UNITS? <Y/N)",S$ 7,488
LiquId flo" rate(Kg/s):""""
90 INPUT "LIQUID FLUW RATE?" ,G1 1.176
Gas Ho" rate<Kg/s): ,
100 INPUT "GAS FLOW RATE?" G2 499,888
Liquid denslty(Kg/M3):"""",
110 INPUT "LIQUID DENSIrY?:', RI 29,637
Gas densIty(Kg/M3):""""""
120 INPUT "GAS DENSITY?",R2 ,102
130 INPUT "LIQUID Pipo dinMeter'(M):"""""",
VISCOSITy?" ,VI Uq,Jid vlscoslty(cp):"""-",, ,11
140 INPUT "LIQUID SURFACE TENSION?", T 5,07
150 INPUT "P IPE DIAMETER?", LiquId surface tensIon(dynes/cM)
D
160 REM
170 REM DATA PRINTING RESLJL TS
180 REM
190 U$=" METRIC UNITS" BLJBBLE
200 IF S$="Y" THEN U$=" ENGLISH UNITS" X:" '" '" " " '" " " " '" " , , , 244,886469269
Y: , , , , , , " , , " , , , '" , , , , , , " , , , 30180,2515474
210 PRINT U$ ,LIN(2)
220 IF S$="Y" THEN 290
230 PRINT "LiquId flo" rate(Kg/s): "¡G1 ENGUSH UNITS
;,40 prnNT "Ga', flo" rote(Kg/s):""""", "¡G2
250 PRINT "LiquId denslty(Kg/M3):"""", " 'R 1 59428,57
Liquid flo" rate<lb/h):""""
260 PRINT "Gas densIty(Kg/M3):"""""" ";R2 Gas Ho" rate<lb/h):""""", .9333,333
270 PRINT "PIpe dIaMeter(M):"""""", " ¡D 31.204
280 GOTa 340 Uquid density(lb/ft3)"""",
Gas denslty<lb/ft3):""-"",,, 1.85
290 PRINl "LiquId nO" rote(lb/h):"""" "¡ GI Pipo dioMeter(lnch):"",-",,:, 4,01967
300 PRIN1 "Gas flow rote(lb/h):""""", " ¡G2 ,11
Liquid vi""oslty(cp):"",..""
310 PRINT "LiquId densIty(lb/ft3)"""", " ¡ R1 UquId surface tension(dynes/cM) 5,07
320 PRINT "Gas denslty(lb/ft3):""""", " ¡R2
330 PRINT "PIpe dIaMeter(lnch): , " ¡D
\.......- 340 PRINT "LIquId ulscoslty(cp):""""" " ¡VI RESUL T5
350 PRINT "LiquId surface tensIon(dyneslcM) "¡ T, UN (2) BUBBLE
360 PRINT "RESULTS"
X: , , , , , , , , " , , , , , , , , , , , , , .-, , , , , 244,839562172
370 PRINT LIN(1)
371 -REM Y:"" " "',"', """ " '" " " 30111,0615956
380 REM DEFINES SYSTEM OF UNITS
381 REM
:\90 IF S$,""Y" THEN 450
400 T=T/1000
410 VI=V1/1000
420 KI=2,1039
430 K2=25524,617 Although the program was originally written for a HP-
440 GOTa 480
450 K 1"531 9835 and IBM PC, we rewrote it in a version simple enough
460 K2=2, 16 to run in most personal computers. It is easily converted to a
470 D=D*,08333
480 A=PI*D*D/4 subroutine by changing the GOTO 1020's to RETURN's.
490 X=K1*(G1/G2)*( (R1*R2)', 5/R1' ,667)* (V1 A, 333/1>
500 Y=K2*GU(A*(R1*R2)',5)
'-- 510
520
IF X)10000
lF X< ,1 THEN 1010
THEN lOtO

530 IF Y>100000 THEN 1010

540 IF yaOO THEN 1010
550 L3=LGT< X) LITERATURE CITED
560 L4=LGT(y) : Baker,0., GilandGasJournal,July 26, 1954.
570
580
590
CI=3,6<18-,
C2=4, 261-,
C3=4,959-,410*L3
163*L:\
642*L3 : Kern, R., Hydrocarbon Processing, Vol. 48, No. 10, October
3'Soliman, R., Hydrocarbon Processing, Vol. 63, No. 4, April,
1969, pp. 105-116.
1984, pp. 155-157.
600 C4=4,477
610 C5=4,OI9-,241*L3
620 C6=I, 935+1 ,057*L3
630 C'7=6, 527-1, 072*L3
640 C8=3,301-,197*L3
650 IF X)15 THEN 730
660 IF L4<CI THEN 870
670 IF L4<C2 THEN 890

'- 680
690
700
710
720
IF L4 )C3 THEN 910
IF X)4,OI:!
GOTa 950
IF L4<C5
GOTa 950
THEN 710

THEN 930

730 IF L4< C2 THEN 870 The authors

740 IF X>143,51 THEN 810
750 IF L4)C4 THEN 910 Carlos E. Yamashiro is a process engineer with IPAKO S.A., En-
760
770 IF L4)C5
-
IF X )40 322 THEN 790
THEN 950 senada, Argentina. He is responsible for optimization and trouble-
780 GOTa 930 shooting of the high pressure PEplant. He holds a as degree in chemi-
790 IF L4)C6 THEN 950
800 GOTa 930 cal engineering from the University of La Plata.
810 IF L4)C7 THEN 970
820 IF L4 )C8 THEN 930
830 GOTa 990
840 REM
850 REM RESUL TS
860 REM Luis G. Sala Espiell is a computar analyst with IPAKO S.A., En-
870 PRINT "ESTRATIFIED"
880 GOTa 1020
senada, Argentina. He is engaged in developing software for engineer-
890 PRINT "WAVE" ing needs, assisting the computar users and studying computar con-
90 O GOTa 1 020
910 PRINT "DISPERSE"
trol problems. He holds a as degree in electronic engineering from the
920 GOTa 1020 University of La Plata.
930 PRINT "SLUG"
940 GOTa 1020
950 PRINT "ANNULAR"
960 GOTa 1 020
970 PR INT "BUBBLE"
980 GOTa 1020
Italo H. Farina is a process engineering superintendent for IPAKO
990 PRINT "PLUG" S.A., Ensenada, Argentina. He is responsible for supervising the pro-
1000 GOTa 1020
cess engineering of ethylene and PE plants and developing computar
'--' 1010
1020
1030
1031
PRINT
PRINT
PRINT
"DATA OUTSIDE
"X:
"Y:
PRINT LIN(4)
"
BAKER GRAPH"

" "..,
, "¡X
"¡Y
resources for engineering. He is a part-time professor of chemical en-
gineering at the University of La Plata, Argentina. He holds a as de-
1040 END gree from the University of La Plata and an MS degree fram the Univer-
sity of Minnesota, both in chemical engineering.

Hydrocarbon Processing, December 1986 47