Production of Floor Polisher Using Gmelina Leaves Extracts

PRODUCTION OF FLOOR POLISHERS
USING GMELINA LEAVES EXTRACTS
A Research Paper
Presented to the Faculty of the Senior High School Department
BUHAYNASAPA INTEGRATED NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
San Juan, Batangas
In Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for

Practical Research 2 – Quantitative Research
Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics Strand
by
Kirby M. Almarez
Aibie Viox G. Braza
Althea Sofia P. Lumbera
Lenard Aron E. Pablo
Blessie Bel C. Pangilinan
October 2023

Buhaynasapa, San Juan, Batangas
✆ (043)-575-45-81  buhaynasapa_nhs@yahoo.com.ph
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
Empowering Learners, Developing Leaders
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
TITLE PAGE…………………………………………………………………...………...i
TABLE OF CONTENTS………….………………………………………...…………
viii
LIST OF TABLES…..…………………..………………………..…………................xi
LIST OF FIGURES………………………….…………………………...…...............xiii
CHAPTER
1. THE PROBLEM
Introduction….....…………………………….………………………....1
Statement of the Problem…………....…………..………………..…6
Hypothesis…...………………....…....…………..….…………………10
Conceptual Framework...…………....…………..….……………..…7
Scope, Delimitations, and Limitations of the Study……………….…
10
Significance of the Study………...………………….….…….
……….11
Definition of Terms …….....…………..…………….….…………….14
2. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
Conceptual Literature……………………….………………………....1
Related Studies………………………....…………..………………..…6
Synthesis……………….....…………....…………..….……………..…7
REFERENCES......……………..………………………………………...……...…....18
II

Chapter 1
THE PROBLEM
Introduction
Floor wax is a wax-based product that is used to polish floors by
enhancing the gloss that will last longer, and it is usually used in household and
industrial places. It contains synthetic chemicals that provide a durable, glossy
finish when applied and buffed onto the floor. In addition to giving the floor a
lovely shine, this protective coating serves as a barrier against spills, wetness,
and general wear and tear. Traditionally, the application of common commercial
floor wax has been a go-to method among Filipinos for enhancing the durability
of various flooring surfaces. However, there has been a growing problem with the
use of floor wax since it is made up of chemical ingredients that can affect the
health of the users. A significant portion of floor wax users are in educational
institutions where they use floor wax twice or thrice a week, and some
consumers even use it daily. The environment in which people live and work can
be affected by the chemicals it contains in terms of their health.
On the contrary, according to the study by Warrier (2021), Gmelina arobea
is a rapidly expanding tree from the Lamiaceae family and is a significant
plantation species in many tropical regions of the world. Gmelina leaves contain
luteolin, a flavonoid compound found in various plants with potential health

benefits, and alkaloids, which are a broad class of naturally occurring organic
compounds that often have pharmacological effects on humans and other
animals. Gmelina leaf releases its natural adhesive or slippery sap when it is
exposed to or submerged in water, which has the ability to turn into extracts that
can be used to produce less chemical-made wax.
On the other hand, the available common commercial floor wax on the
market contains toxic and chemical components in its ingredients: lacquer,
toluene, and phenol. Lacquer is a shiny coating that is not good for one's health
since it possesses a toxic smell which can result in health complications for users
if they are exposed too much. The same goes for toluene and phenol, the toxicity
it provides is not good for the human’s thyroid. Based on Aglibot, J. (2018), ten
high school students were hospitalized on Wednesday morning (July 4) due to a
bad reaction to the smell of floor wax they were applying in their classroom. At
nine in the morning, Grade 9 students at Olongapo City National High School
reported experiencing nausea, stomachaches, and breathing difficulties. In this
regard, the researcher aims to provide a solution to the mentioned problem by
producing non-toxic floor wax with the use of Gmelina extract to secure the
health and safety of consumers.
There is an existing research study about other types of leaves or any
other natural resources as an alternative for floor waxes, but topics that
specifically focus on Gmelina leaf extracts as a polishing wax don't exist. The
existing studies about Gmelina leaves are mostly about their effectiveness as a
4

traditional medicine for stomach disorders and a treatment for intermittent fevers.
Gmelina extracts contain adhesive sap and possess natural oil, which is a
suitable characteristic of a naturally made floor wax, but there are limited studies
investigating the use of Gmelina leaf extracts for floor polishing purposes.
This is the gap that should be mentioned for the researchers to implement
action to ease and fill in that gap. Gmelina leaf extracts as an alternative floor
wax involve further exploration and research in terms of their performance,
specifically their effectiveness and durability. Based on the given gap in this
research study, conducting experiments, evaluating the performance, and
comparing it with traditional floor waxes could help fill this gap.
Natural oils found in Gmelina leaves can be employed as a component of
floor wax or shine. When transformed and made into a wax product, these
natural oils can give floors a glossy surface and provide protection that can last
like regular floor polish or longer. Utilizing the natural oils in Gmelina leaves
offers a viable and environmentally responsible substitute for traditional industrial
floor waxes. This can be produced to make revolutionary floor wax formulated by
extracting and repurposing these oils from the Gmelina leaves. This formulation
not only gives a superb glossy sheen but also has various advantages over
conventional products. Gmelina oil-based wax has less environmental impact
that causes pollution from the air and ground than waxes made from petroleum
because it is a renewable resource. Additionally, the chemical composition of the
material may enhance the durability of the floor polisher, making it more resistant
5

to scuffs and scratches. This, in turn, extends the life of the floor and supports
sustainability objectives.
In this study, the researchers will determine the efficacy of gmelina leaves
as an alternative wax to common commercial floor wax. One noteworthy
observation is the overpowering and often toxic scent that commercial floor
waxes emit. This pungent odor can have detrimental effects on people,
particularly those who suffer from asthma. Individuals with asthma are
particularly vulnerable to the harsh fumes emitted by such products, as these
chemicals can trigger and exacerbate respiratory issues, leading to breathing
difficulties and discomfort. Through the examination of this option, the
researchers aim to encourage sustainability and decrease the dependence on
synthetic and potentially hazardous chemicals in common household items.
Statement of the Problem
This study aims to produce an alternative floor polisher out of Gmelina leaf
extracts. Specifically, this study seeks answers to the following questions:
1. How do the respondents assess the use of conventional floor wax in
terms of:
1.1 shine and appearance;
1.2 ease of application or applicability;
1.3 health and safety; and
1.4 value for money?

2. What are the processes required in making Gmelina leaves floor wax:
2.1 harvesting and preparation;
2.2 extraction of components;
2.3 mixing with base materials; and
2.4 cooling and packaging?
3. To what extent is the level of effectiveness of Gmelina floor polishers in
terms of:
3.1 floor protection;
3.2 longevity and durability; and
3.3 environmental impact and safety?
4. Based on findings, what other alternative material in making floor
polishers or creating floor polishers may be prepared?
Hypothesis
This study will test this null hypothesis:
1. There is no significant difference in the level of effectiveness between
the use of Gmelina leaves extracts and the conventional floor wax in terms of
floor protection, longevity and durability, and environmental impact and safety.
Conceptual Framework
Through this section, readers will be given an overview of the concept of
the study. The term "Gmelina leaves" refers to the leaves of the Gmelina arborea
tree, which is a tropical hardwood tree native to Southeast Asia and commonly
found in countries like India, Indonesia, and the Philippines while the term "Floor

polisher" wax refers to a type of wax or polish used for maintaining and
enhancing the appearance of floors. This focuses on evaluating the effectiveness
of Gmelina leaves as a floor polisher.
The study aims to assess and improve the effectiveness of Gmelina
leaves floor wax as a floor polishing material.
The underlying elements involved in the production of Gmelina Leaves wax are
listed in the box on the left. The first arrow led directly to the second box, which
depicted the procedure for gathering information on the criteria mentioned earlier
through questionnaires and surveying people. The second arrow led directly to
the third box, which included the strategy for enhancing and maximizing the
potential of the mentioned product.

Figure 1 presents the research paradigm of the study.
INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT
Respondents’
assessment on
conventional floor
wax
Collection and
Analysis of data Producing floor
Processes required
through polisher from
in the production of
questionnaire and Gmelina eaves
Gmelina Leaves
conducting a extracts
polisher
survey
Level of
effectiveness of
Gmelina leaves
Figure 1
Research Paradigm of the Study
The research paradigm shows the flow of the system of the study that
illustrates the respondents' assessment of conventional floor wax, properties,
processes, and level of effectiveness of Gmelina leaves floor wax. Additionally, it
also shows the tool on how the researchers will gather important data. The
structure of this study is further presented through a conceptual paradigm which

is composed of three parts, the input, the process, and the output. The
framework of this study is presented in Figure 1.
The input encompasses critical aspects related to the study. It includes the
assessment of conventional floor wax, providing insights into respondents'
perceptions. It also addresses the properties of Gmelina as a material for floor
polishing and outlines the processes involved in producing Gmelina Leaves floor
wax. Additionally, it evaluates the level of effectiveness of Gmelina leaves floor
wax. These inputs serve as fundamental variables that are essential for the
development of the output of the study, guiding the investigation into floor wax
effectiveness and production processes.
The process aspect of the paradigm is focused on the systematic
collection and analysis of data related to the research study, which centers on
the production of floor polishers using Gmelina Leaves Extract. This process
involves the utilization of questionnaires and surveys as research tools.
Questionnaires will enable structured data gathering from respondents, while
surveys will provide a broader perspective. The collected data will be
meticulously examined, allowing for a comprehensive understanding of various
aspects related to the production of Gmelina Leaves floor polisher. This process
forms the core methodology through which the study will gather valuable insights,
facilitating informed decisions and recommendations in the context of floor
polisher production.
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The output component of the paradigm signifies the ultimate goal of the
research study, which is the enhancement of the materials used in the production
of Gmelina floor polisher. Through the comprehensive evaluation of the input
factors, including the assessment of conventional floor wax, the properties of
Gmelina as a floor polishing material, the production processes, and the
effectiveness of Gmelina leaves floor wax, the study aims to identify areas for
improvement. These enhancements can encompass material quality, production
methods, and overall effectiveness. Ultimately, this output strives to contribute to
the development of a more efficient and effective Gmelina-based floor polisher,
potentially benefiting both manufacturers and end-users.
Scope, Delimitations, and Limitations of the Study
The scope of this study revolves around the use of Gmelina leaf extracts
to make a natural, renewable floor-cleaning wax. In comparison to typical
commercial wax, the product that will be developed by this study will contain
fewer chemicals. Running a controlled experiment and presenting a survey to the
targeted respondents, will verify the Gmelina leaf extracts' potential efficacy as a
replacement floor polish. Additionally, this research study will enhance the
potential use of Gmelina as a cleaning asset.
This will not cover the other various potential uses of Gmelina Leaves like
its medicinal uses. The said respondents are Teachers and Students who use
floor polishers 2-3 times a week. On the contrary, classrooms that barely use the
product will not be included in the said respondents. Students and teachers from
11

public and private schools outside Buhaynasapa Integrated National High School
will also not be included in the study.
The study's limitations arise from the absence of related literature
regarding the use of Gmelina leaf extracts as a cleaning aid. Since responders
would be evaluating our product's manufacture, another limitation is sample size.
If the study had a tiny sample size, the results might not be statistically significant
or might not be representative of the general community. Since the results may
not be readily transferable to real-world circumstances or useful applications,
external validity also coincided with this study's limitations. On the other hand,
the researcher will work with the respondents to ensure that the instrument will
be used and used in accordance with their goal.
Significance of the Study
This research study stands to find the potential of Gmelina leaves in
producing floor polishers. The outcome and findings of this study will be
beneficial to school administration, teachers, students, present researchers, and
future researchers.
School administration. This study may serve as a guide for the school
administration of Buhaynasapa Integrated National High School to possibly
implement and maximize the use of renewable, naturally made floor wax in
classrooms as an alternative cleaning asset in maintaining the cleanliness of
school floors.
12

Teachers. This study will benefit them especially those who are using
floor wax most of the time, by avoiding buying chemically made products and
introducing them to a substitute wax that costs lower depending on the
production. Also, it will help them to educate students on the importance of using
natural resources and incorporating them into their curriculum as sustainable
practices.
Students. This study will benefit them by preventing health complications,
especially those students who are experiencing asthma, wax contains fewer
chemicals, and it will be safer for them.
Present Researchers. This study will explore a new application of
Gmelina leaf extracts, leading to innovative and sustainable solutions for floor
polishing. It will also help them hone their research skills, and experiments, and
gain insights into the process of producing natural alternatives.
Future Researchers. This study will serve as a guide for them to innovate
something new and provide and produce products that maximize the potential of
natural resources around the environment.
Definition of Terms
The following terms were defined conceptually and operationally based on
the context of the study.
Extracts. This term refers to the biomolecule that can be screened from
plant components (Musa, 2022). In this study, it pertains to concentrated
solutions obtained from Gmelina leaves through a process of extraction,
13

potentially containing bioactive compounds or chemical constituents that are of
interest for the production of floor polishers.
Floor Wax. This term is a type of wax-based substance, was utilized to
enhance the shine of floors and provide a protective layer to prevent slipping and
marks from marring the surface (Acosta et. Al., 2019). In this study, it is the waxy
substance used for enhancing the shine and providing protection on different
floor surfaces when combined with Gmelina leaf extracts to produce floor
polishers.
Gmelina floor wax. In this study, it refers to a naturally made wax that
contains fewer chemicals than the common floor polishing wax and at the same
time a renewable type of cleaning and polishing wax.
Gmelina leaf. This term is commonly used externally as a paste for
treating headaches and pain and as oils for massage therapy to alleviate fevers
(Vasanth, 2023). In this study, it pertains to the use of the specific leaves from
the Gmelina arborea plant for the extraction of bioactive compounds used in the
production of floor polishers, contributing to their cleaning efficacy and protective
properties.
Production. This term refers to the process of utilizing inputs to create
valuable goods or products that are suitable for consumption or use by
customers or end-users (Tomasetti, 2023). In this study, it pertains to the process
of extracting and incorporating Gmelina leaf extracts into floor polisher
formulation.
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Chapter 2
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
This chapter presents a review of the literature and research literature
related to the present study. The researchers used the synthesis and theories
provided as the basis for the framework of this study.
Conceptual Literature
The reviews of literature that are presented in topical form provided the
background information needed in this study.
Assessing the Respondents' Use of Conventional Floor-Wax. Many
consumers polish and preserve the wood and cement floor finish with Floor wax,
a wax-based product. Every six to eighteen months, depending on use and wear,
you should wax the porous wood surface to seal it, protect it from stains, hide
scratches and dents, and add luster. However, there are a few things they
consider when purchasing and using them, which are reviewed in this chapter.
15

Shine and Appearance. Lawton Brothers (2021) cited that floor polishing
wax is well-known for its long-lasting shine and protection of underlying finishes.
It also provides stain resistance by slowing the absorption of liquids and can hide
minor imperfections such as scratches or scuffs. In addition, the article also
mentioned that consumers use the product the fact that when it is properly
applied, it provides a good shiny appearance for the guests and staff.
Ease of Application or Applicability. Commercial floor wax provides
users with a number of advantages. First of all, it offers a handy and
transportable floor polishing and waxing option for homes. Second, it is made to
be user-friendly by being simple, affordable, and simple to apply which is very
important for all consumers. Commercial floor waxers also feature a dispensing
system for the polishing agent, enabling efficient and successful application.
Overall, using business floor wax is a useful and effective way to preserve and
improve the appearance of floors in a variety of settings (PubGenius Inc. 2023).
Health and Safety. Walking on finely polished floors provides a unique
sense of satisfaction, but there may be health hazards for consumers, according
to (Zhou, Baumann, Chang, et al., 2022). When a floor is being buffed and
waxed, PFAS (polyfluoroalkyl substances) are measured in the dust and airborne
particulate matter that enters the air. Researchers found that there were
noticeably greater amounts of PFAS present during floor waxing after assessing
the process’s contaminant rates. Chemicals produced by humans (PFAS) are
frequently found in commercial and consumer goods. Most of the time, they do
16

not degrade over time, therefore they persist long after first usage in the
environment and in the bodies of exposed people and even animals which may
lead to negative effects on health.
Value for Money. According to The Insight Partners (2023), Commercial
customers, such as hotels, hospitals, and schools/colleges, are the primary
drivers of floor wax demand. Retail businesses, showrooms, garages, hospitals,
and aviation hangars all utilize floor wax. Wood and concrete may be the primary
surfaces on which a floor wax is applied. The global Floor Wax market is
expected to witness high growth during the forecast period since floor wax is a
cost-effective alternative to tackle floor scratches in low-income countries.
Process required in making Gmelina leaves floor wax. Creating
Gmelina leaves floor wax involves a thorough process that harnesses the natural
properties of Gmelina leaves to produce sustainable and eco-friendly floor wax.
This involves the art of experience and experimentation on how to create a new
product with the right number of materials, which requires careful testing and
refinement to ensure the floor polisher meets high-quality standards for
sustainability and eco-friendliness. Moreover, there are things you need to
consider when making a floor polisher, which can be seen in this study.
Harvesting and Preparation. Harvesting involves the act of reaping the
fruits of one's labor, whether from fields, forests, or other endeavors. Harvesting
is identical to the culmination of the farming process. It involves the gathering of
17

crops, such as grains, fruits, and vegetables, representing the culmination of a
season's hard work (Haddon, M. et al, 2014).
Extraction of Components. The initial stage in separating the desired
natural products from the base materials is extraction. The extraction efficiency is
influenced by the characteristics of the extraction solvent, the size of the raw
materials' particles, the liquid-to-solids proportion, the extraction temperature,
and the time required for extraction. Additionally, the physical and chemical
properties of the target compounds, such as their volatility and solubility can
significantly influence the extraction process (Lin, L.G. et al, 2018).
Mixing with Base Materials. Mixing is the act of combining two or more
distinct components to create something new. It embodies the idea that unity can
emerge from diversity, and that the interaction between elements can lead to a
harmonious blend. It is an art, a science, and a metaphor that symbolizes the
fusion of diverse elements into a harmonious whole. Mixing is a symbol for the
method of innovation, in which various influences, ideas, and viewpoints combine
to create original and creative results (Wang, H. et al, 2023).
Cooling and Packaging. Cooling is necessary to prevent perishable
goods from deteriorating. It prolongs the life of products by delaying bacterial
development and chemical reactions. Packaging serves as a protective barrier
between products and the external environment, defending against physical
damage, contamination, and moisture. In order to maintain the quality and
freshness of the products, packaging is also essential. Limiting exposure to
18

oxygen and other environmental conditions, aids in maintaining the texture, and
chemical content of the products. Additionally, appropriate packaging ensures
consumers' safety and enjoyment by giving them access to crucial product
details including ingredients, and expiration dates (Duret, S. et al, 2022).
Level of the effectiveness of Gmelina leaves extract. Gmelina leaves
have garnered significant attention due to their remarkable properties in the
realm of adhesiveness, natural oil content, and non-toxicity. These leaves,
derived from the Gmelina arborea tree, exhibit a unique combination of
characteristics that make them an attractive candidate for various applications.
Their natural adhesiveness, inherent oil content, and non-toxic nature present an
intriguing avenue for exploring sustainable and environmentally friendly
alternatives in adhesive and related industries.
Adhesiveness. Alamsyah et al. (2021) conducted a study on eight fast-
growing tropical wood species, including Enterolobium cyclocarpum,
Paraserianthes falcataria, Shorea, Toona sinensis, Gmelina arborea, Pinus
merkusii, Acacia mangium, and Acacia hybrid. The research focused on their
adhesion performance and wettability. Contact angle measurements and block
shear tests following the Japanese Agricultural Standard (JAS) were used to
assess adhesion performance, measured through strength retention (SR) and
wood failure (WF) percentages. The results indicated that species like
Paraserianthes falcataria, Enterolobium cyclocarpum, Pinus merkusii, Toona
sinensis, and Shorea had lower contact angles, indicating better glue adhesion.
19

In contrast, Gmelina arborea, Acacia mangium, and Acacia hybrid had higher
contact angles, suggesting less favorable adhesion. This demonstrates that
higher wettability in the former group allowed for improved adhesive spread and
wood-adhesive contact, as evident from their higher SR and WF percentages.
Naturally oily. Adegoke et al. (2021) observed an increasing demand for
sustainable, cost-effective, and easily accessible energy sources in Nigeria.
Consequently, this prompted extensive research aimed at identifying cost-
efficient methods for generating sustainable energy from waste materials. Their
study focused on the utilization of Gmelina arborea (sawdust) biomass via
pyrolysis to produce bio-oil within a fixed-bed pilot-scale reactor. The results of
their investigation indicated that the bio-oil derived from Gmelina arborea
exhibited favorable physical and chemical properties, including a low sulfur
content, rendering it a promising candidate for eco-friendly bioenergy production.
This implies that Gmelina arborea holds significant potential as a source of
environmentally responsible bio-oil, especially in Nigeria where it is abundantly
available for large-scale production, presenting a sustainable and eco-conscious
alternative to traditional fuels.
Nontoxicity. The scientific study of Chandrasekharan et al. (2022),
successfully explored the potential of Gmelina arborea (GA)-derived silver
nanoparticles (GA-AgNPs) as a promising antibacterial agent. The research
highlighted the eco-friendly synthesis of GA-AgNPs, primarily using leaf extracts
rich in bioactive compounds, including flavonoids and terpenoids. The
20

characterized GA-AgNPs exhibited efficient antibacterial properties against
pathogenic bacteria, surpassing the effectiveness of GA-extract alone. Notably,
these nanoparticles demonstrated antioxidant and wound-healing capabilities.
Furthermore, their non-toxicity at low doses, as confirmed through cell
proliferation and microscopic observations, makes them a safe and valuable
addition to the search for novel antibacterial treatments. Overall, this study
underscores the potential of GA-AgNPs as a multifunctional and non-toxic
antibacterial solution, which could be crucial in addressing the rising concern of
antibiotic resistance in public health.
Related Studies
The study of Luzande (2019) indicated that one of the common issues in
the present time is dealing with numerous harmful chemicals used for
manufacturing products. His study intends to help common people discover
alternative products that will minimize the use of harmful substances, synthetic
shoe polish is one of the products that possesses a strong chemical content with
an irritating smell that can affect one’s health.
The mentioned study discovers an alternative shoe polisher that contains
less chemicals in its production, the dalandan peel shoe polish. It contains
odorless and harmless materials that secure the safety of the user. The
production of this naturally made polisher is literally feasible since it is
uncomplicated and not that time-consuming.
21

Overall, the result of the said study is satisfying as it becomes soft and
smooth in texture, and the appearance is almost the same as the commercial
shoe polish available in the market. It is very impactful the fact that it effects the
same but different in terms of components used in the production, as it consists
natural resource in the ingredients.
According to the study of Ramirez (2022) cleaning has been described
and considered as an occupational risk due to a rise in the recorded incidence of
respiratory effects such as asthma and asthma-like symptoms among cleaning
employees. It was unclear in his study which cleaning-related exposures induced
or aggravated asthma and other respiratory symptoms due to a lack of
comprehensive occupational hygiene research workplace exposure data.
The said study discovers an alternative natural resource ingredients that
can be used in the production of an alternative floor-wax, the avocado peels and
It will be obtained from already eaten avocados. Through this, the efficacy of
already eaten avocado peels can be maximized and can be reused in to useful
thing also. At the same time, a less chemically made floor-wax can be produced.
The avocado peels can be recycled and used to help the environment by
reducing waste, which is done by this study as it provides a new use in the said
peels. This type of debris can help to lessen the hazardous compounds
contained in commercial floor wax. Also, a substitute for kerosene, candle wax
can assist the Avocado peel in producing high-quality floor wax. These peels can
be found in abundance in trash cans, particularly on side streets.
22

His study suggested that future researchers should improve the existing
method in making avocado peel floor wax and explore more on the ratio of
avocado peel and other ingredient like the kerosene and candles.
According to a study by Gabrido, J., et al. (2019), mango peelings are
materials that are usually thrown unconscious by consumers who are conscious
of their high pectin content. Pectin is a useful stabilizer for floor wax, and the
mango peelings' concentration of pectin makes it possible to use them as an
alternative stabilizer for floor wax. However, no actual studies were conducted
focusing on the mango peel potential.
The various methods of mango peeling we used in this study—the
extraction of pectin from the peelings and the production of floor wax—were
observed. The following standard procedures are used to evaluate the color,
smell, and effectiveness of a product:
A person also stated that the mango pectin floor wax is similar to
commercial products in terms of color, odor, and effectiveness. The product was
then applied to a classroom floor, revealing a mango pectin floor wax shine that
matched the effectiveness of commercial brands.
The study confirms that the results of the consumer survey revealed that
there is no significant difference between the mango pectin floor wax.
commercial product in terms of color, odor, and effectiveness. This implies that
the research was successful in producing a product that promotes environmental
sustainability and cost efficiency.
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According to Manimtim et al. (2019), floor wax is important in households
because it makes the floor look shiny and clean. When using commercial wax, it
is effective. However, the harmful effects of this product are a bad smell and bad
human health because the issue requires a solution that is not harmful to health.
To avoid using a chemical, use natural resources to make the product effective.
In theory, the pectin content of these mango peelings can be utilized as an
alternative stabilizer for floor wax.
Different methods of peeling mango and making floor wax are used to
process the color, smell, and effectiveness of a product. The coconut meat is
then filtered and mixed with melted wax. Coconut oil was also used, and the
same method was applied to produce a different scale of variables. Respondents
then had their floor wax examined by a researcher. However, no actual studies
have been conducted focusing on the potential of mango peel. Moreover, the
potential amount of coconut meat should be close to the amount of paraffin wax,
and the cooking oil should be less variable.
Basically, Coco Nucifera is an alternative floor wax, and mango pectin is
an alternative stabilizer for floor wax. Applying class wax products that people
use that are very effective. The chemicals contained in the product may harm
students. In conclusion, the use of alternative natural resources can be stable
and shiny, and no wax has been shown to be shiny and non-slip. Today, there
are many slippery floor products.
24

Learning is a success because of its usefulness and benefits. The
dimensions of the materials used effectively affect the performance of the
product. However, the researcher needed an alternative to candle wax to make
the product natural and promote it. This indicates that research has been
successful in producing a product that promotes environmental sustainability and
cost efficiency.
In a study conducted by Acuba, L.M. et al. in 2018, the feasibility of using
orange peelings as a homemade floor wax was explored. This study aimed to
assess whether orange peelings could be transformed into an effective and
environmentally friendly floor wax. Homemade floor wax is an eco-friendly
alternative to commercial products, and many individuals seek cost-effective and
sustainable options for maintaining their floors, while oranges are a widely
consumed fruit, and their peels are often discarded as waste. Using orange peels
to create homemade floor wax not only reduces waste but also infuses a
pleasant citrus scent into the room.
They discovered that the study revealed that orange peelings can indeed
be utilized effectively in creating homemade floor wax. The process involved
extracting natural oils from the peelings, which exhibited adhesive properties that
enabled them to form a protective and glossy layer on various floor surfaces.
These homemade floor wax demonstrated reasonable durability and shine,
making them a viable option for those seeking eco-friendly and affordable floor
polisher in their home or work environment.
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In conclusion, Acuba, L.M. et al. 2018, demonstrated the potential of
orange peelings as a promising ingredient for homemade floor wax. This being
cost-effective and natural-made can greatly impact environmental changes for
human safety. The outcomes of this study have indicated that it holds promise in
providing an environmentally friendly and sustainable alternative to conventional,
harmful chemical floor wax products, reducing environmental impact, and
promoting sustainability.
Based on the study's results, it is advised that individuals interested in
eco-friendly home maintenance consider experimenting with homemade floor
wax formulations using orange peelings. This will greatly contribute to reducing
chemical exposure and serve as an environmentally conscious choice for those
concerned about the long-term impact of their cleaning routines. Additionally,
given the usage of floor polishers and their acceptance in the cleaning industry,
additional research may be done to standardize and improve these homemade
floor wax recipes.
In search of sustainable and eco-friendly solutions for household cleaning,
Borja, M. et al. (2021) explored the potential of Kakawate leaf extract as an
alternative floor shiner. With the growing concern for the environment and health,
the potential of Kakawate leaf extract as a substitute floor shiner was
investigated, while the demand for green cleaning products has risen. Traditional
floor shiners mostly contain dangerous chemicals that can be hazardous to both
the environment and the well-being of individuals. The purpose of this study is to
26

determine whether the inherent qualities of kakawate leaves can offer a reliable
and secure substitute for achieving glossy floors.
They conducted multiple experiments and observed promising results.
The findings on Kakawate leaves extract demonstrated the ability to impart a
glossy shine to various types of flooring surfaces, including wood, tile, and
linoleum. Moreover, it was found to be non-toxic and biodegradable, making it a
sustainable choice for households. The extract had excellent cleaning abilities
and efficiently got rid of stains and dirt. These findings indicate that Kakawate
leaves extract can be used as a green, economical, and effective floor
maintenance solution.
In conclusion, Borja, M. et al. (2021) promoted the potential of Kakawate
leaves extract as an alternative floor shiner. This natural and environmentally
friendly option not only offers a brilliant shine but also contributes to reducing the
environmental disasters associated with conventional cleaning products. It
makes a strong argument for people and companies looking to switch to greener
cleaning methods without sacrificing the standard of the finished product.
Based on the findings of this study, it is recommended that households
and cleaning product manufacturers consider on using Kakawate leaves extract
as floor shiner into their cleaning routines. For more efficient study, providing
more research could explore variations in formulation and application methods to
improve its effectiveness. This eco-friendly method of floor shining has the
27

potential to positively impact the preservation of our environment and people's
health, while maintaining the cleanliness and luster of floors.
The study of Alcaraz et al.(2019) is driven by concerns over the health and
environmental impacts associated with traditional floor waxes, which are known
to have adverse effects on respiratory health and emit pungent odors. The main
objective of the study is to develop an alternative floor wax that mitigates these
issues while maintaining or exceeding the quality of conventional products. It
focuses on households in the Philippines as its primary target audience. The
researchers propose replacing the toxic ingredients in floor wax with banana
peel, utilizing comparative experiments, surveys, and observations to evaluate its
performance.
The study aimed to assess the efficacy of Banana Peel floor wax on
concrete surfaces and compare it to the commercially available Brand X floor
wax. Three hypotheses were formulated based on the Banana Peel floor wax
acceptability measure data. The findings revealed that the odor of the Banana
Peel wax was not as potent as that of Brand X, but it provided greater friction and
shine. In conclusion, Banana Peel with Carnauba wax proves to be a cost-
effective and acceptable alternative to conventional commercial floor wax for
concrete flooring materials.
The study highlights the potential of recycling banana peels to reduce
environmental waste and mitigate pollution's impact on human health. Using
banana peels in floor wax production is not only eco-friendly but also cost-
28

effective, especially in the Philippines where these materials are readily
available. The quality and effectiveness of Banana peel with Carnauba wax floor
wax match or surpass that of commercial alternatives like Brand X, solidifying its
status as a sustainable choice for concrete flooring materials. This research
offers a compelling case for embracing this environmentally conscious and
effective solution.
It is suggested to improve the quality and acceptance of the alternative
Banana peel and Carnauba wax floor wax. They advise testing its effectiveness
on various types of flooring and considering different types of Banana peels like
Lakatan and Latundan. Furthermore, the research suggests finding cost-effective
production methods and assessing toxicity levels. Ongoing research seeks to
identify additional factors to enhance product effectiveness and reduce
production costs.
The study of Abao et al. (2018) evaluates the suitability of using
Gumamela Flower Hibiscus rosa extract in floor wax. It aimed to assess its
acceptability based on factors like smell, color, texture, effectiveness, and overall
acceptability. The research employed an experimental approach with a single
group design and tested three treatments with different quantities of the
gumamela flower extract. A 9-point hedonic rating scale was utilized to measure
the acceptability of these treatments across the specified criteria.
Participants showed a strong preference for the smell across all three
treatments, with increasing liking from A to C. Color and texture were also well-
29

received in all treatments, indicating high acceptance. Effectiveness of the
treatments was positively rated, and general acceptability was notably high,
particularly for treatment C. These findings indicate that the majority of
participants found the product appealing, indicating the study's success.
In conclusion, it is revealed that only two of the treatments were found to
be acceptable based on the research results. The general acceptability of the
product was determined by examining the mean ratings, which indicated that all
three treatments were equally well-liked. Moreover, a significant difference was
observed among the three treatments, each with varying quantities of gumamela
flower extract. These results shed light on the varying degrees of acceptability
and preference for the treatments tested in the study.
It is recommended for future research to focus on diversifying floor wax by
introducing new colors to expand consumer options. Exploring different flower
types as ingredients could bring unique characteristics to the product, enhancing
its appeal. Additionally, improving the fragrance of the floor wax is crucial, as
scent plays a vital role in product acceptability. These recommendations aim to
drive innovation and enhance the production of floor wax, ultimately leading to
increased consumer satisfaction.
In the research conducted by John et. al. (2021), the pressing threat
posed by insect pests to food security is particularly pronounced in developing
nations like Nigeria. To combat this challenge, botanical extracts have emerged
as a viable alternative to conventional insecticides. The study's primary aim was
30

to assess the effects of different doses of Gmelina arborea stem bark and leaf
powder on the infestation of yam chips by Dinoderus porcellus. The study further
underscored the efficacy of botanical extracts in managing Dinoderus porcellus
infestation in yam chips.
Gmelina arborea, known for its medicinal properties, proved to be a
valuable resource due to its insecticidal characteristics. The study revealed the
presence of various phytochemicals in Gmelina arborea, such as tannin,
flavonoid, saponins, alkaloids, reducing sugar, and phenol, which demonstrated
significant anti-feeding effects on the development of D. porcellus. By examining
the impacts of G. arborea stem bark and leaf powder at varying dosages, the
research highlighted their crucial role in reducing yam chip weight loss caused by
D. porcellus.
To assess the effectiveness of G. arborea powders, the study employed a
range of techniques, including extraction, phytochemical screening, and feeding
deterrence tests. The findings emphasized the need for further exploration to
pinpoint the active constituents responsible for the bio-insecticidal properties of
G. arborea, offering potential contributions to sustainable pest management
practices.
Moreover, the study suggested the prospect of future investigations to
isolate and identify the specific bioactive compounds within Gmelina arborea
responsible for its insecticidal properties. Such findings could hold significant
promise for the development of targeted pest control measures.
31

The study of Warrie (2021) says that Gmelina arborea is a fast-growing
deciduous tree belonging to the Lamiaceae family that is widely cultivated in
tropical regions globally and has a significant presence in traditional Indian
medicinal practices. Known for its diverse healing properties, this plant is utilized
for a wide array of health concerns, including digestive problems, heart ailments,
and skin issues. Its roots, flowers, fruits, and leaves contain a range of beneficial
compounds, such as arboreal, verbascoside, and iridoids, which have been
isolated and studied for their medicinal potential.
The primary goal of the literature review is to provide a comprehensive
understanding of G. arborea's medicinal aspects, including its phytochemistry,
pharmacological activities, and traditional uses. Around 69 phytochemicals,
including lignans, acylated iridoid glycosides, and flavonoids, have been
identified and characterized, contributing to the growing knowledge base about
the plant's potential. Notably, the plant extracts have demonstrated notable
wound-healing and antidiarrheal properties.
Extensive scientific studies have showcased the diverse therapeutic
potential of G. arborea and its constituents, including their antioxidant, anti-
diabetic, anti-inflammatory, antiulcer, analgesic, and anticancer activities. Despite
the significant progress in identifying and understanding these bioactive
compounds, further exploration is necessary to fully elucidate their
pharmacological functions. The review emphasizes the importance of ongoing
32

research to uncover additional therapeutic applications and delve deeper into the
mechanisms of action of G. arborea's medicinal components.
In summary, G. arborea plays a significant role in traditional Indian
medicinal practices due to its wealth of bioactive phytochemicals. Its extensive
historical use in treating various ailments and its diverse pharmacological
properties make it a compelling subject for continuous exploration and
investigation in the field of medicinal research.
Synthesis
The following paragraphs aim to determine the efficacy of the production
of floor polishers using Gmelina leaf extracts through comparison and contrast of
the various studies. For this purpose, the researchers analyzed and synthesized
the ideas and studies presented in the conceptual and related studies. With this,
the result will allow the researchers to further investigate and include innovative
strategies to prove the efficacy of the present inquiry.
Respondents’ assessments in conventional floor wax are mentioned in the
study of Lawton brothers (2021) in terms of its shine and appearance that is
noticeable in underlying floor protection after applying floor-wax. The fact that it is
easy to use and apply also included in the mentioned assessments, according to
(PubGenius Inc. 2023) conventional floor wax provides users advantages in
terms of being handy and transportable floor polishing and waxing option for
homes, making it more efficient and useful. On the other hand, in terms of its
positive impacts, it undeniably harmful also to those users that is exposed in the
33

smell of the chemicals used in conventional floor-wax production which is stated
in the study of (Zhou, Baumann, Chang, et al., 2022). In terms of money,
according to The Insight Partners (2023) the global Floor Wax market is
expected to witness high growth during the forecast period since it is cost-
effective.
Creating Gmelina leaves floor wax is a systematic process that utilizes the
natural properties of Gmelina leaves to produce an eco-friendly and sustainable
floor wax. In terms of harvesting and preparation, based on Haddon, M. et al.
(2014), this marks the culmination of the challenging farming process, which
involves the act of reaping the fruits of one's labor, whether from fields, forests, or
other endeavors. Regarding the extraction of components, Lin, L.G. et al. (2018)
said it is the initial stage in separating the desired natural products from the base
materials and taking the target compounds needed for the product within the
extraction process. In terms of mixing, Wang, H. et al. (2023) proposed this as an
act of combining two or more distinct components to create something new; it
symbolizes fusion in the process of science. Dealing with cooling and packaging,
Duret, S. et al. (2022) proposed the idea of creating a protective barrier for
harmful chemicals and contamination of a product by limiting the exposure to
oxygen and other environmental conditions. This helps in maintaining the texture
and chemical content of the product, which shows that the product can last for
more than months or years, depending on the package it's sealed in.
34

Gmelina Leaves Extract, derived from the Gmelina arborea tree, has
varied effectiveness: it has lower adhesiveness due to a higher contact angle,
making it less suitable for gluing compared to other wood species (Alamsyah et
al., 2021). However, it shows promise as a source of eco-friendly bio-oil, offering
a sustainable alternative to traditional fuels (Adegoke et al., 2021). Additionally,
Gmelina arborea-derived silver nanoparticles (GA-AgNPs) are non-toxic at low
doses and have antibacterial, antioxidant, and wound healing properties,
addressing antibiotic resistance concerns (Chandrasekharan et al., 2022). This
summarizes the effectiveness of Gmelina Leaves Extract in terms of
adhesiveness, natural oil content, and non-toxicity in various applications.
The study of Ramirez (2022) and the study of Luzande (2019) are parallel
to each other since they both focus on producing an alternative product to those
chemically made one using low cost ingredients which are the resources around
and available in the environment that is similar to the present study, they both
maximize the usage of natural resources and aims to avoid the usage of
chemicals since it is harmful and can cause health risks in users of floor wax.
However, the study of Luzande (2019) is different to the present study since it
sought to produce a shoe polisher. On the other hand, the study of Ramirez
(2022) is related to the present study since both of them are pertaining to
produce a naturally made alternative to conventional floor wax which contains
chemicals in its products.
35

The study conducted by Manimtim (2019) and Gabrido, J., et al. (2019)
are similar in that they both aim to produce low-cost, natural resources as
alternatives to chemically made products. This is similar to the present study in
that both studies minimize the use of chemicals to avoid using commercial floor
wax, which is harmful and may present a health risk. However, the studies are
different in that the Gabrido, J., et al. (2019) study uses pectin as a useful
stabilizer for floor wax, whereas Manimtim (2019) is related to the current study
because both studies focus on producing naturally made floor wax that contains
chemicals
The ideas and works presented by Acuba, Alcaria, Balisacan, Gahi, and
Rufin (2019) on orange peelings, typically considered as kitchen waste, can be
repurposed for homemade floor wax production. Orange peels are Rich in natural
oils, they have the potential to be sustainable and low-cost alternative to
commercial floor waxes. The study will examine the extraction process of orange
peeling-based wax to determine its efficacy in providing protective layers. If
successful, this strategy could reduce waste and provide an eco-friendly floor
wax alternative. On the other hand, the works of Borja, Cortal, Laceda, and Sia et
al. (2021) show similarities to kakawate leaves extract, which is known for its
shine-enhancing properties. This study investigates the process of extracting and
developing kakawate leaves extract into a floor shiner. It examines the
effectiveness of restoring the luster of floors. Furthermore, the study assesses
whether kakawate leaves extract provides a safe and non-toxic option for floor
36

maintenance, which is particularly relevant for households seeking eco-friendly
solutions.
Alcaraz et al. and Abao et al. conducted studies to improve traditional floor
waxes by using alternative ingredients with a focus on environmental and health
considerations. Despite their commonalities, they have distinction given that
Alcaraz et al. research replaced toxic components with banana peels, resulting in
a floor wax with better friction, shine, and a milder odor compared to a
commercial alternative. On the other hand, Abao et al. study utilized Gumamela
Flower Hibiscus rosa extract in floor wax, achieving high acceptability, especially
in treatments with higher extract quantities. Furthermore, both studies are related
to the current study as they both enhance traditional floor waxes, with a shared
emphasis on addressing environmental and health concerns.
The studies on Gmelina arborea conducted by John et al. (2021) and
Warrie (2021) shed light on the multifaceted properties of the plant. John et al.'s
research emphasizes the plant's potential as an effective alternative to
conventional insecticides, highlighting its anti-feeding effects on the development
of Dinoderus porcellus. In contrast, Warrie's literature review delves into the
medicinal aspects of G. arborea, showcasing its diverse pharmacological
activities, including wound healing, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties.
While both studies recognize the plant's significant potential, the current study
will not focus on the application in pest management and traditional medical uses
37

of Gmelina arborea but will be focusing in producing floor polisher using Gmelina
leaves extracts.
REFERENCES
C. Journals and Periodicals

Acosta, L.N. Eda,M.Ligmayo,C.A. (2019). Banana Leaves Extracts as Floor Wax.
https://www.scribd.com/document/473671910/BANANA-FLOORWAX
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Acuba, L.M. et al. (2018). Feasibility of Orange peelings as homemade floorwax.

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of-Orange-2-Print
Alamsyah, E., Suhaya, Y., Sutrisno, Hidayat, Y., Tanaka, T. & Yamada, M.
(2021). Investigation of the adhesion performance of some fast-growing
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Lugay, Jr. , C. I. P. (2019, May 2). Effectiveness of musa paradisiaca
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Analysis of Bio-Oil Produced from Pyrolysis of Gmelina Arborea. Acta
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Sainsbury, Sean R. Sloan, Implementing harvest strategies in Australia: 5
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(2021). Investigation of the adhesion performance of some fast-growing
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Borja, M. et al. (2021). Kakawate (gliricidia sepium) leaves extract as an

alternative floor shiner. Retrieved from:
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fabrication of silver nanoparticles using Gmelina arborea exhibit
antimicrobial and biofilm inhibition activity. Sci Rep 12, 156 (2022).
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Utilization of mango (Mangifera indica Lin.) Pectin as an alternative
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Research Abstracts.
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Luzande, A. (2019). Dalandal peel as an Alternative Shoe Polish. Ascendens

Asia Journal of Multidisciplinary Research Abstracts.
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Alternative Floor Wax.
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Warrier, R., Priya, M., & R, K. (2021, March 1). Gmelina arborea– an indigenous
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41


Production of Floor Polisher Using Gmelina Leaves Extracts

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PRODUCTION OF FLOOR POLISHERS

USING GMELINA LEAVES EXTRACTS

In Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for

BUHAYNASAPA INTEGRATED NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

Statement of the Problem…………....…………..………………..…6

Scope, Delimitations, and Limitations of the Study……………….…

Significance of the Study………...………………….….…….

Definition of Terms …….....…………..…………….….…………….14

2. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

BUHAYNASAPA INTEGRATED NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

Floor wax is a wax-based product that is used to polish floors by

industrial places. It contains synthetic chemicals that provide a durable, glossy

be affected by the chemicals it contains in terms of their health.

On the contrary, according to the study by Warrier (2021), Gmelina arobea

is a rapidly expanding tree from the Lamiaceae family and is a significant

luteolin, a flavonoid compound found in various plants with potential health

BUHAYNASAPA INTEGRATED NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

compounds that often have pharmacological effects on humans and other

can be used to produce less chemical-made wax.

market contains toxic and chemical components in its ingredients: lacquer,

high school students were hospitalized on Wednesday morning (July 4) due to a

reported experiencing nausea, stomachaches, and breathing difficulties. In this

regard, the researcher aims to provide a solution to the mentioned problem by

health and safety of consumers.

There is an existing research study about other types of leaves or any

BUHAYNASAPA INTEGRATED NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

wax involve further exploration and research in terms of their performance,

research study, conducting experiments, evaluating the performance, and

Natural oils found in Gmelina leaves can be employed as a component of

offers a viable and environmentally responsible substitute for traditional industrial

conventional products. Gmelina oil-based wax has less environmental impact

because it is a renewable resource. Additionally, the chemical composition of the

BUHAYNASAPA INTEGRATED NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

as an alternative wax to common commercial floor wax. One noteworthy

particularly vulnerable to the harsh fumes emitted by such products, as these

chemicals can trigger and exacerbate respiratory issues, leading to breathing

difficulties and discomfort. Through the examination of this option, the

researchers aim to encourage sustainability and decrease the dependence on

synthetic and potentially hazardous chemicals in common household items.

Statement of the Problem

extracts. Specifically, this study seeks answers to the following questions:

1. How do the respondents assess the use of conventional floor wax in

1.1 shine and appearance;

1.2 ease of application or applicability;

1.3 health and safety; and

1.4 value for money?

BUHAYNASAPA INTEGRATED NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

2.1 harvesting and preparation;

2.2 extraction of components;

2.3 mixing with base materials; and

2.4 cooling and packaging?

3. To what extent is the level of effectiveness of Gmelina floor polishers in

3.1 floor protection;

3.2 longevity and durability; and

3.3 environmental impact and safety?

4. Based on findings, what other alternative material in making floor

polishers or creating floor polishers may be prepared?

This study will test this null hypothesis:

1. There is no significant difference in the level of effectiveness between

Through this section, readers will be given an overview of the concept of

BUHAYNASAPA INTEGRATED NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

enhancing the appearance of floors. This focuses on evaluating the effectiveness

of Gmelina leaves as a floor polisher.