’2 Chapter 3 Upper Limb

τ'he upper limb is ch衍acterized by its mob曲。r 姐d 翻且.ty 协
grasp, strike, and ~.erform fine motor skills （制例如印刷）－
These characteristics 创弩 especially marked in the hand.
E舱iency of hand func悦。a results in a 阳军e part from 也e
ability to place it in 也e proper posi往on by movements at the
scapula也oracle, glenohum叫 elbow.，叫。也吼叫咱
joints.τ'he upper limb consists of 阳rse伊1ent嚣， w如ch are
缸地ersubc监飞lidedinto m庐ns (Figs. 3.1and3.2):
• Forearm (L. antebrach伽m) is between the elbow 础d
the wrist 姐d conta臼s the u1na 姐d m也us. It con础ts of
the anterior 姐.dposte戏。r regions of the for锦rm.
• Hand (L. tnanu8) is dis饭lto 邸衍earm and contains the
ca:rpus, metacru:pus, and phalanges. It is composed of the
wris飞 pahn, dorsum of hand, and digit嚣（finger嚣，组clu也ng
the opposable thumb）姐d is richly supplied 叫.th sensory
endings 衍如叫， p础， and temper阳也

• Shoulder, which includes the deltoid, pee协时， scapular,

姐d la怡ra1 part of lateral cervical region.τ'he P创协ral
(shoulder) girdle is a bony ring. incomplete po白白1rl实
formed by the scapul槌拙dcla飞往cles 拍dcompleted 相协
riorly by the manubrium of the s恰mum.
• Arm (L. brachium) is between 正he shoulder and 也e
elbow and is 臼a怡red around 也e humerus. It cons始ts of
the an怡划。r and posterior regions of 由e arm.
BONES OF UPPER LIMB
The p创oral girdle and bones of the free part of the upper
limb form 也e superior appendicular skeleton, which ar-
ticulates with the 剧al skeleton only at the stemocla:飞往cular
j怕也 allo呐nggre以 mob山飞y (Fig. 3.3）.四e pee协ra1 ，~e
is suppor切d, stab也zed, and propelled by axio-appendicular

’12 Pectoral girdle

Glenohumeral
(shoul曲。
Joint

如m

，栩栩rlor V协w

Elbow
Joi附

Posterior view

1. DeHold 9.P倒饱舶r 创bow

pectoral 10. Anterior forearm
2.Cla飞If
Phalang幡 t而即lgle 11. Poster切rforearm
3.P树tor我1 12.An拥而orw前就
4.S倒pular 13.P铺怡舶rwrfst
5.A>dllary 14. 阳附印al mar
6. Anterior arm 15. 阳rsumof hand
7. Posterior ann 16. Digits （币nger事
8. Cubital ir四川ing 自humb)

FIGURE J.1. S句:m•ntsand b翩翩。f upper limb. The upper limb is

divided int。 four m嚣.in segments: shoulder, arm，旬，曹毡，，n,and hand. FIGURE 事.2. 民咿棚”f叩p1rlimb.