Bon• of Uppw Umb ’3
muscles, which attach to 由e ribs, s胆mu皿， and vertebrae of
也e axial skeleton.
Clavicle
The clavicle (collar bone) connects 由e upper limb 怕也e
杠unk. Its s幅rnal end ar创Cl且lateswi由 the manubrium 。f
由e a恤mum at 由e st衍嘀oclamαslar (SC) jof饨t. Its a臼咆
mial end articula:恒E wi由 the acromion of the scapuZαat
由e acromioclavicular (AC) joint (Figs. 3.3 and 3.4). The
medial two 由irds of 也e shaft of the clavicle are convex an-
阳riorl＇严 whereas the lateral 也ird is flattened and concave
anteriorly. These curvatures increase the resilience of the
clavicle 四d give it the appearance of皿 elongated capital S.
The clavicle
• Se凹出“ a pivoting Strut (rigid SU囚。rt) from which 也e
scapula and 击唱e limb a:re suspended, keeping 由e h四
limb lateral to the thorax so 也at the arm has ma到mum
freedom of motion；缸ng the strut in position, especially
after its elevation, enables elevation of the ribs for deep
lll.Sp1rati.On
• Forms one of由s bounda:ries of 也e ceruico-a:xilL呵饵，wl
(passageway between n配kandar时， affiw缸gprot田园on
怕也 neurovascular bundle suppl泸ng the upper limb
• Transmits shocks (tr冠田naticimp配ts) from 也e upper limb
to 也e a到al skc:也协n
Impression lo『
costoclavi四larligem四t
(A)Jn伽rtorvlew
Acromlalt拥d
{B）缸”rl町 view
FIGURE 3.3. Cllll祉le.A.In阳ior sur也ce.
Al由OU掉 designa时描 a long bone，也e cla由le has no
medulliny （皿田row）酬ty. It m画画 of spongy (trabecular)
bone with a shell of compact bone.
Scapula
’The scapula (shoulder blade) is a triangular Hat bone 也.at
lies on the 阴阳late叫呻回t of 耻也or岖， over忡忡e
M 由m咄咄 ribs (Figs. 3.3 时 3.4). The con·四 p田te­
由rsur缸ce of the scapula is uneven与 divided by the spine
of 血e scapula into a small mpraspinous 岛s.saandamuch
larger infraspino田 f例蝇．咀ie concave costal surface of
the s凶pula has a large subs臼.pular fossa. The triangul.ar
body of the 盹咱也挝恤 and translucent supe阳时
坦feri田阳也e s四.pular spine.
The scapula has medial （皿llary), lateral (vertebral),
and mperior borders and superiOI!' and inferior angles.
τ'he h忧ral border of scapula is the 也ickest part of也e bone,
which，阳.period异国.eludes 也.e hi倒d d 也e scapula where
也.eglenoid 田说.tyislo田ted. 咀eneckof 也e scapula is just
medial to 也e head (Fig. 3.4B）.咀e su~e对or border of 也s
scapula is marked ne缸由e junction of its medial two 也irds
and lateral 也irdby 由e suprascapular notch.
’fhe spine of 也e scapula continu臼 la恒rally, exp阻d且g 伽
form 由e a町omion，也a subcutan刨出 point of the shoul-
der 也at ar世αtlates wi也由e acromial end of the clavicle
(Fig. 3.3C).
(Continued on page 96)
pro臼甜
Stemocl刷刷lar joint
(C)Supe阳r ”’w
B. Superior surface. C. Artic1』lations ofclavicle.