LATERAL REGION

MUSCLES IN LATERAL CERVICAL REGION

 Muscles enclosed with in prevertebral fascia

o Splenius capitis
o Levator scapulae
o Middle scalene
o Posterior scalene
 Omoclavicular (subclavian) triangle
o indicated on the surface of the neck by the
supraclavicular fossa
o vessels crossing this triangle
 Inferior part of EJV (external
jugular vein) - superficially
 Subclavian artery – deep in it
(hence the name “subclavian
triangle”) Figure: Subclavian artery and its branches
 From Doc Matic:
o SCM has 2 bellies (sternal and clavicular---2
heads---2 bellies)

ARTERIES IN LATERAL REGION

1. Branches of thyrocervical trunk

o Branch of 1st part of subclavian artery
o Gives rise to
 Lateral aspect: Suprascapular and
cervicodorsal trunk ( a.k.a.
transverse cervical a.)
 Terminal branches: ascending
cervical and inferior thyroid artery
2. 3rd part of the subclavian artery
3. Part of occipital artery
Figure: Deeper dissection of inferior part of lateral
cervical region

 Suprascapular artery
o supply muscles on the posterior aspect of
the scapula.
Note: Alternately, the suprascapular artery
may arise directly from the third part of the
subclavian artery
 Cervicodorsal trunk (transverse cervical artery)
bifurcates into :
o Superficial cervical artery(superficial
branch of transverse cervical artery) deep
(anterior) to the trapezius accompanying
the spinal accessory nerve (CN XI).
o dorsal scapular artery (deep branch of
transverse cervical artery) may arise
independently, directly from the third (or,
less often, the second) part of the
subclavian artery

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 - supplying both and participating in
the arterial anastomoses around the
scapula
 3rd part of subclavian artery
o longest and more superficial part of
subclavian
o lies/ in contact with the 1st rib as it passes
posterior to the anterior scalene muscle
note: compression of this part can control
bleeding in the upper limb
note: Inferior trunk of brachial plexus lies
posterior to it
note: branches that arise from this part
(suprascapular & dorsal scapular artery) are
aberrant form – meaning typically hindi sila
dito nagmumula
VEINS IN THE LATERAL REGION
 External Jugular Vein
o Is formed by the union of the posterior
auricular vein and the posterior branch of the
retromandibular vein.
o Receives the suprascapular, transverse
cervical, and anterior jugular veins.
 Internal Jugular Vein
o Begins in the jugular foramen as a
continuation of the sigmoid sinus, descends in
the carotid sheath, and ends in the
brachiocephalic vein.
o Receives the facial, lingual, and superior and
middle thyroid veins
 Subclavian vein
o major venous channel draining the upper limb
MEJILLA, VILLA, ALUNAN, BON, RUIDEREA, MAÑAGO
o unites with the IJV to form the brachiocephalic
vein
NERVES IN THE LATERAL REGION
o Accessory Nerve (CN X1)
o Has both spinal and cranial portions. The
cranial portion contains motor fibers that join
the vagus nerve and innervate the soft palate,
pharyngeal constrictors, and larynx. The spinal
portion innervates the sternocleidomastoid
and trapezius muscles. (*Doc Matic)
Cervical Plexus
o Is formed by the ventral primary rami of C1 to
C4.
1. Cutaneous Branches (good to know to…(hindi
inemphasize ni Doc Matic)
(a) Lesser Occipital Nerve (C2)
o posterior border of the sternocleidomastoid
to the scalp behind the auricle.
(b) Great Auricular Nerve (C2–C3)
o Ascends on the sternocleidomastoid to
innervate the skin behind the auricle and
on the parotid gland.
(c) Transverse Cervical Nerve (C2–C3)
o Turns around the posterior border of the
sternocleidomastoid and innervates the
skin of the anterior cervical triangle.
(d) Supraclavicular Nerve (C3–C4)
o Emerges as a common trunk from under the
sternocleidomastoid and then divides into
anterior, middle, and lateral branches to
the skin over the clavicle and the shoulder.
2. Motor Branches (itong Ansa Cervicalis at
Phrenic lng yung inemphasize ni Doc:)*
(a) Ansa Cervicalis*
o Innervates the infrahyoid (or strap)
muscles, such as the omohyoid,
sternohyoid, and sternothyroid muscles,
with the exception of the thyrohyoid
muscle, which is innervated by C1 via the
hypoglossal nerve.
(b) Phrenic Nerve (C3–C5)*
o Arises from the third, fourth, and fifth
cervical nerves but chiefly from the fourth
cervical nerve; contains motor, sensory,
and sympathetic nerve fibers; and provides
the motor supply to the diaphragm and
sensation to its central part.
(c) Twigs From the Plexus
2 of 4
 o Supply the longus capitis and cervicis or
colli, sternocleidomastoid, trapezius, Moore - Clinically Oriented Anatomy 7th Ed
levator scapulae, and scalene muscles. BRS Gross Anatomy 5th Ed
Lecture ni Doc Matic

(d) Accessory Phrenic Nerve (C5)

o Occasionally arises as a contribution of C5
to the phrenic nerve or a branch of the
nerve to the subclavius (C5), and joins the
phrenic nerve below the first rib to supply
the diaphragm.

LYMPHATICS OF THE LATERAL REGION

 Superficial lymph nodes

o Lie along the external jugular vein in the
posterior triangle and along the anterior
jugular vein in the anterior triangle.
o Drain into the deep cervical nodes.

Sources:

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Itong part na to ay para sa gluconeogenesis
Gluconeogenesis

 Metabolic production of glucose from non-

carbohydrate precursors (not from glycogen)
 Happens during periods of starvation (fasting state)
or intense exercise
 Main goal (together with glycogenolysis) is to
↑glucose serum level.
 Activator: Glucagon, cortisol, epinephrine
stimulate/increase gluconeogenesis by the
following mechanism

o They increase protein catabolism in muscle

and decrease protein synthesis, thereby
providing more amino acids to the liver for
gluconeogenesis.
o They decrease glucose utilization and insulin
sensitivity of adipose tissue.
o They increase lipolysis, which provides more
glycerol to the liver for gluconeogenesis
o Note: this is inhibited/decreased by↑FA at pag
↑insulin
Sources:

BRS Physiology 5th Ed

Lecture ni Doc Matic

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