MUSCLES ORIGIN
PECTORAL REGION
1. Pectoralis major  Ant. Surface of
medial 2/3 of clavicle
 Half the breath of
ant. Surface of
manubrium &
sternum up to 6th
costal cartilages
 2nd to 6th costal
cartilages, sternal
end of 6th rib
 Aponeurosis of the
external oblique
muscle of abdomen
2. Pectoralis minor  3rd to 5th ribs, near
the costochondral
junction
 Intervening fascia
covering external
intercostals muscle
3. Subclavius 1st rib, at the costochondral
junction
4. Serratus anterior  Upper 8 ribs
 Fascia covering
intervening muscles
INSERTION NERVE SUPPLY
Lateral lip of the bicipital
groove (Bilaminar tendon)
Medial border & upper surface
of the coracoid process of
scapula
Subclavian groove in the
middle 1/3 of the clavicle
Costal surface of the scapula
along its medial border
1st digitation : Superior angle to
the root of spine
2nd digitation : Lower down on
the medial border
3rd digitation : Large triangular
area over inferior angle
ACTIONS
Medial & lateral As a whole
pectoral nerve  Adduction & medial
rotation of arm
Clavicular head
 Flexion of arm
Sternocostal head
 Extension of flexed arm
against resistance
 Climbing
Medial & lateral  Draws the scapula forward
pectoral nerve (With serratus anterior)
 Depresses the point of
shoulder
 Helps in forced inspiration
Nerve to subclavius  Steadies the clavicle during
from upper trunk of movement of the shoulder
brachial plexus joint
 Form a cushion for axillary
vessels and divisions of
trunks of brachial plexus
Long thoracic nerve /  Along with pectoralis
Branch of brachial minor, it pull scapula
plexus arise from forwards around the chest
roots C5,C6 and C7 wall (Protraction)
 Protract the upper limb
(Pushing & Punching)
 Steadies the scapula
during weight carrying
THE BACK

1. Trapezius  Medial 1/3 of  Upper fibre (UF) into  Spinal part  UF + levator scapulae :
superior nuchal line the posterior border of accessory elevate scapula
 External occipital of lateral 1/3 of nerve (shrugging)
protuberance clavicle  Branches  MF + rhomboids: retract
 Ligamentum nuchae  Middle fibres (MF), from C3, C4 the scapula
 C7 spine into medial margin of  UF & LF+Serratus anterior :
 T1-T12 spines the acromion & upper Rotate the scapula
 Corresponding lip of the crest of forward round the chest,
supraspinous spine of scapula abduction >90°
ligament  Lower fibres (LF), on  Steadies the scapula
the apex of triangular
area at the medial end
of the spine, with
bursa intervening
2. Levator scapulae  Tranverse process  Superior angle &  Branch from  Elevation of scapula
C1,C2 upper part of medial dorsal  Steadies the scapula
 Posterior tubercle of border (up to scapular during movement of the
tranverse process triangular area) of nerve (C5) arm
C3,C4 scapula  C3,C4
branches
3. Latissimus dorsi  Posterior 1/3 of  Floor of bicipital Thoraco dorsal nerve  Climbing, swimming,
outer lip of iliac crest groove/ rowing, pulling, folding the
 Posterior layer of intertubercular sulcus arm behind the back &
lumbar fascia  Forms the posterior scratch the opposite
 Spines of T7-T12, fold of the axilla scapula
lower 4 ribs  Adduction of arm
 Inferior angle of  Medial rotation of arm
scapula  Extension of arm
 Help in violent expiratory :
Coughing, sneezing
 Hold inferior angle of
scapula in place

4. Rhomboid major  T2-T5 spines Medial border of scapula, Dorsal scapula nerve Retract the scapula
 Corresponding below the root of the spine, on (C5)
 supraspinous dorsal surface
ligament
5. Rhomboid minor  Lower part of Root of the spine (dorsal Dorsal scapula nerve Retract the scapula
ligamentum nuchae surface) of scapula (C5)
 C7 and T1 spines
SHOULDER REGION

1. Deltoid  Ant. border of lateral Deltoid tuberosity of humerus Axillary nerve (C5,C6)  Acromial fibre : Abduction
1/3 of clavicle of arm from beginning to
 Lateral border of 90°
acromion & lower lip  Ant. Fibre : Flexion &
of the crest of the medial rotation of arm
spine  Post. Fibre : Extension &
lateral rotation of arm
2. Supraspinatus Medial 2/3 of supraspinous Upper impression of greater Suprascapula nerve  Initiates abduction of arm
fossa of scapula tubercle of humerus (C5,C6) up to 15°
 Stabilize shoulder joint

3. Infraspinatus Medial 2/3 of supraspinous Middle impression of greater Suprascapular nerve  Stabilize shoulder joint
fossa of scapula tubercle of humerus (C5,C6)  Lateral rotation of arm
4. Teres major Lower 1/3 of lateral border of Medial lip of bicipital groove of Lower subscapula  Adduction of arm
scapula (Dorsal surface) humerus nerve (C5,C6)  Medial rotation of arm
5. Teres minor Upper 2/3 of lateral border of Lower impression of greater Axillary nerve  Stabilize shoulder joint
scapula (Dorsal surface) tubercle of humerus (C5,C6)  Lateral rotation of arm
6. Subscapularis Medial 2/3 of subscapular Lesser tubercle of humerus Upper and lower  Adduction of arm
*Multipennate fossa of scapula subscapular nerve  Medial rotation of arm
(C5,C6)
THE ARM

1. Coracobrachialis Tip of the corocoid process of Middle 5cm of medial border Musculocutaneous Flexion of the arm
scapula of humerus (C5-C7)

2. Bicep brachii Long head : Supraglenoid  Posterior part of radial Musculocutaneous  Supination of forearm
tubercle tuberosity of radius (C5,C6)  Flexion of forearm
Short head : Tip of the  Bicipital aponeurosis
 coracoid process to posterior part of
ulna
 Tuberosity of ulna
3. Brachialis  Anterior  Anterior surface of  Musculocut Main flexor of forearm at the elbow
medial,lateral coronoid process aneous joint
surface, anterior  Anterior surface of  Radial nerve
border of lower part ulna tuberosity
of humerus
 Medial and lateral of
intermuscular septa
4. Triceps brachii  Long head : Posterior part of superior Radial nerve (C7,C8) Main : Extensor of elbow
Infraglenoid tubercle surface of olecranon process of Long head : Adduction of arm at
 Lateral head : Lateral ulna shoulder joint
part of radial groove,
upper part of post
surface of humerus
 Medial head : Below
radial groove,
posterior surface of
the humerus
FLEXOR COMPARTMENT
Superficial

1. Pronator teres Medial epicondyle of humerus Middle 1/3 of lateral shaft of Medial nerve Pronation of forearm
radius
2. Flexor carpi Medial epicondyle of humerus Base of 2nd and 3rd metacarpals Median nerve  Abduct the wrist joint
radialis  Flexion of wrist joint
3. Palmaris longus Medial epicondyle of humerus  Distal half of flexor Median nerve Weak flexor of wrist joint
retinaculum
 Apex of palmar
aponeurosis

4. Flexor digitorum Humeroulna head :  Divides to 4 tendon, Median nerve  Flexion of middle phalanx
superficialis  Medial epicondyle of for medial 4 fingers  Assist in flexing proximal
humerus  Each tendon divide phalanx & wrist joint
 Ulnar collateral into 2 slips, inserted to
 ligament middle phalanx on
 Tubercle of medial each side of 2nd to 5th
border of coronoid digit
process
Radial head : Anterior oblique
line of shaft of radius
5. Flexor carpi Humeral head : Medial  Pisiform bone Ulnar nerve  Adduction of wrist joint
ulnaris epicondyle of humerus  Hook of hamate  Flexion of wrist joint
Ulna head : Medial margin  Base of 5th metacarpal
Of olecranon process &
posterior border of ulna
DEEP MUSCLE

1. Flexor digitorum  Upper ¾ of medial & 4 tendons, for medial 4 fingers, Medial 2 tendon :  Flexion of distal phalanges
profundus anterior surface of inserted on the palmar surface Ulnar nerve  Flexion of other joint of
(composite of hybrid ulna of the base of the distal the digit, finger and wrist
muscle)  Upper ¾ of posterior phalanx Lateral 2 tendon : is extended
border of ulna Anterior interosseous  Chief gripping muscle
 Medial surface of nerve (C8,T1)
olecranon &
coronoid process of
ulna
 Anterior surface of
interosseous
membrane
2. Flexor pollicis  Upper ¾ of anterior Distal phalanx of the thumb Anterior interosseous Flexion of the distal phalanx of the
longus surface of radius (Palmar surface) nerve thumb
 Anterior surface of
interrosseous
membrane

3. Pronator Lower ¼ of anterior surface of Lower ¼ of anterior surface of Anterior interosseous Superficial fibre : Pronation of the
quadratus ulna radius nerve forearm
Deep fibre : Bind lower end of
radius and ulna
EXTENSOR
COMPARTMENT
Superficial

1. Anchoneous Posterior part of lateral  Lateral part of Radial nerve Weak extensor of elbow joint
epicondyle of humerus olecranon process
 Upper ¼ of posterior
surface of ulna

2. Brachioradialis  Upper 2/3 of lateral Lateral surface of radius above Radial nerve Flexor of forearm especially in
supracondylar ridge the styloid process (base) midprone position from supine or
of humerus prone position
 Lateral intermuscular
septum
3. Extensor carpi  Lower 1/3 of lateral Posterior surface base of 2nd Radial nerve  Extensor of wrist
radialis longus supracondylar ridge metacarpal (Dorsal surface)  Abduction of wrist joint
of humerus

4. Extensor carpi Lateral epicondyle of humerus Posterior surface base of 3rd Deep branch of radial  Extensor of wrist
radialis brevis metacarpal (Dorsal surface) nerve  Abduction of wrist joint

5. Extensor digiti Lateral epicondyle of humerus Extensor expansion of little Deep branch of radial Extend metacarpophalangeal joint
minimi finger nerve of little finger

6. Extensor Lateral epicondyle of humerus Base of middle phalangeal of Deep branch of radial Extension of finger
digitorum 2nd to 5th nerve

7. Extensor carpi Lateral epicondyle of humerus Base of 5th metacarpal Deep branch of radial Extensor of wrist joint
ulnaris nerve Adduction of wrist joint

Deep Muscle

1. Supinator  Supinator crest of Neck and whole shaft of upper Deep branch of radial Supination of forearm when elbow
ulna 1/3 of radius nerve is extended
 Lateral epicondyle of
 humerus
 Annular ligament of
superior radioulnar
joint
2. Abductor pollicis  Upper part of  Base of 1st metacarpal Deep branch of radial  Abduction of thumb
longus posterior surface of  Trapezium nerve  Extension of thumb
radius and ulna
 Posterior surface of
interosseous
membrane
3. Extensor Posterior surface of shaft of Base of distal phalanx of thumb Deep branch of radial Extend thumb
pollicius longus ulna (Dorsal aspect) nerve

4. Extensor pollicis Posterior surface of shaft of Base of proximal phalanx of Deep branch of radial Extension of metacarpophalangeal
brevis ulna thumb (Dorsal aspect) nerve joint of thumb
5. Extensor indicis Posterior surface of shaft of Extensor expansion of index Deep branch of radial Extension of metacarpophalangeal
ulna finger nerve joint of index finger
PALM
Thenar Eminence
 Tubercle of scaphoid Base of proximal phalanx of Median nerve Abduction of thumb
1. Abductor pollicis  Crest of trapezium thumb
brevis  Flexor retinaculum
2. Flexor pollicis Superficial head : Base of proximal phalanx of Median nerve Flexion of thumb
brevis  Crest of trapezium thumb
 Flexor retinaculum
Deep head :
 Trapezoid
 Capitate
3. Opponens  Crest of trapezium Lateral half of 1st metacarpal Median nerve Opposition of the thumb
pollicis  Flexor retinaculum

Adductor of Thumb Tranverse head : Shaft of 3rd Medial side of proximal Deep branch of ulnar Adduction of thumb
metacarpal phalanx of thumb nerve
Adductor pollicis Oblique head : Base of 2nd and
3rd metacarpal
Muscle of Medial Side of
Palm
Palmaris brevis  Flexor retinaculum Skin on medial side of hand Superior branch of Helps in gripping
 Palmar aponeurosis ulnar nerve

Hypothenar Muscle

1. Abductor digiti Pisiform Medial side of proximal Deep branch of ulnar Abducts the little finger
minimi phalanx of little finger nerve
2. Flexor digiti  Flexor retinaculum Medial site of proximal phalanx Deep branch of ulnar Flexion of little finger
minimi  Hook of the hamate of little finger nerve
3. Opponens digiti Flexor retinaculum Medial border of 5th Deep branch of ulnar Pulls 5th metacarpal forward as in
minimi metacarpal bone nerve cupping the palm
Lumbricals

Lumbricals (4) Tendons of flexor digitorum Dorsum of bases of distal  1st & 2nd :  Flexion of
profundus phalanges Median metacarpophalangeal joint
nerve  Extension of
1st : Lateral side of tendon for 1st : Lateral side of 2nd finger  3rd & 4th : interphalangeal joint of 2nd
2nd finger 2nd : Lateral side of 3rd finger Deep branch to 5th digit
2nd : Lateral side of tendon for 3rd : Lateral side of 4th finger of ulnar
3rd finger 4th : Lateral side of 5th finger nerve
3rd : Adjacent side of tendon
for 3rd & 4th finger *1st and 2nd – Unipennate
4th : Adjacent side of tendon 3rd and 4th - Bipennate
for 4th & 5th finger
Palmar Interossei

Palmar (4) 1st : Medial side of 1st 1st : Medial side of 1st finger Deep branch of ulnar  Adduction of respective
metacarpal 2nd : Medial side of 2nd finger nerve fingers
*Palmar Adduct (PAD) 2nd : Medial side of 2nd 3rd : Lateral side of 4th finger  Flexion of
Unipennate metacarpal 4th : Lateral side of 5th finger metacarpophalangeal joint
3rd : Lateral side of 4th  Extension of
metacarpal interphalangeal joint
4th : Lateral side of 5th
metacarpal
Dorsal Interossei
 Dorsal (4) 1st : Adjacent side of 1st and Dorsum of bases of distal Deep branch of ulnar  Abduction of respective
2nd metacarpals phalanges nerve finger
*Dorsal Abduct (DAB) 2nd : Adjacent side of 2nd and  Flexion of
Bipennate 3rd metacarpals 1st : Lateral side of 2nd finger metacarpophalangeal joint
3rd : Adjacent side of 3rd and 2nd : Lateral side of 3rd finger  Extension of
4th metacarpals 3rd : Medial side of 3rd finger interphalangeal joint
4th : Adjacent side of 4th and 4th : Medial side of 4th finger
5th metacarpals

Source

Dr Satheesha Nayak notes

Chaurasia 6th Edition