ETHICS IN BUSINESS

‫أبدا المكاسب الغير مشروعة ال تزدهر‬

Getting started:
1) Now, consider the picture, then choose the right information:

The two men are:

a)Working / b) discussing c) having fun

B/ One of the men is giving to the other:

a) Work papers b) books c) money

C/ He is giving this:

a) On the table

b) under the table c) Openly

D/ The man doesn’t want to be seen by the people around:

a) Yes / b) no

E/ The man is giving money to the other in order to:

a) Pay him his salary

b) Help him

c) Corrupt him

F/ This kind of practice is :

a) Legal (ethical) c) unethical (illegal)

This practice is called:…………………………………………

2) A/ Consider the following practices, then match them with the corresponding pictures:
whistle blowing’,i.e revealing confidential information to the police or to a newspaper that your company , for example
is breaking health and safety regulations.

b) Spending money on lobbying, i.e. trying to persuade politicians to pass laws favourable to your particular
business.

c) bribing, i.e. under-table payment for corrupt officials to win contracts or favours.

d) Money laundering, i.e. turn dirty money into legal money.

e) False accounting, i.e. using all available procedures including deception to hide the true financial position of
your company.

f) Militating in an anti-corruption association/ society.

g) Tax evasion,i.e. the non declaration of the true revenue of a business in order to avoid paying taxes.
……………………………………………. ……………………………………………..

…………………………………………….. ………………………………………………

………………………………………………………. ………………………………………………………….

……………………………………………..

B) Now classify the practices in the table: (Ethical and unethical practices) .
Unit 1:Ethics in Business Sequence 1:Listen and consider Getting Started
Learning Objectives. SWBA To:
- define the concept of ethics in business
Task1:Guess what each picture represent then label it with the help of the list below.
Embezzler-Child labor-Respect-Smuggler-Bribery-Money laundering

……………………………… ……………………………...........................................

…………………... …………………………….....................................
Task2: Label these practices either as ethical(morally right) or unethical(morally wrong)
Integrity-Promise keeping- money laundering-loyalty-fairness- child labor-Respect- bribery-Law abiding-theft-
embezzlement-Counterfeiting

Ethical-Legal-moral practices Unetical-illegal-immoral practices

................................................
.................................................
......................................................
......................................................
.....................................................
................................................
.................................................
......................................................
......................................................
.....................................................

Task3: Find the meaning of these words in your own language

Corruption=…………………………… values=………………………….. company=……………………….
Honesty=……………………. Employer(ee)=…………………………… legal=…………………………
Abuse=…………………………….. exploitation=…………………..Nepotism=……………………….
Investment=…………………………. Transparency=……………………. Profits=…………………….
practices=…………………… standards=………………………… Workplace=……………
principles=…………………………

Task4: In your own words

.............................................................................
Business ethics is
.............................................................................

Imitating Property is a Theft

A counterfeit is something forged, copied with the purpose of deceiving or defrauding. Most of the time it is about
fake paper currency but in fact different products such as medicines, mobile phones, food and drinks and even car parts
are being imitated to such a perfection that make it difficult to be distinguished by the ordinary consumers who feel that
they have to purchase them because of their lower prices and availability in comparison to their original counterparts.
Hence, many companies all over the world launch a fierce attack against counterfeiting in an attempt to protect their
customers and convince them that they mustn’t buy imitations.

In fact, counterfeit goods are so cheap that people do not hesitate to buy them though they know that they are
made from lower quality components that most of the times do not respond to the global safety standards. Fake
pharmaceutical products for example contain insufficient or dangerous ingredients that may put the health and lives of
consumers at risk. They also cost the original brands companies a huge loss of revenues and market shares as
counterfeiters feel that they don’t have to pay duties or taxes causing a great loss of profitability. Hence, companies had
better reduce the prices of their brands instead of spending huge budgets on advertising against counterfeiting.

( Adapted from The Economist, May 17th, 2003)

Sequence 02: Read and Consider

Imitating Property is a Theft

A counterfeit is something forged, copied with the purpose of deceiving or defrauding. Most of the time it is about
fake paper currency but in fact different products such as medicines, mobile phones, food and drinks and even car parts
are being imitated to such a perfection that make it difficult to be distinguished by the ordinary consumers who feel that
they have to purchase them because of their lower prices and availability in comparison to their original counterparts.
Hence, many companies all over the world launch a fierce attack against counterfeiting in an attempt to protect their
customers and convince them that they mustn’t buy imitations.

In fact, counterfeit goods are so cheap that people do not hesitate to buy them though they know that they are
made from lower quality components that most of the times do not respond to the global safety standards. Fake
pharmaceutical products for example contain insufficient or dangerous ingredients that may put the health and lives of
consumers at risk. They also cost the original brands companies a huge loss of revenues and market shares as
counterfeiters feel that they don’t have to pay duties or taxes causing a great loss of profitability. Hence, companies had
better reduce the prices of their brands instead of spending huge budgets on advertising against counterfeiting.

( Adapted from The Economist, May 17th, 2003)

Around the text

1. The text is an extract from:

a. A newspaper article b. A book c. A website article
2. The text is :
 a. Argumentative b. Expository C. Narrative
3. Read the text and answer the following questions:
a-Is it possible to make a difference between fake and original items?............................................ ..

b-Why do consumers buy fake products ? ......................................................................................................

c-What are the major consequences of counterfeiting on economic revenues as well as

individuals?........................ ...................................................................................... ................

d-What should companies do to fight

counterfeiting?............ ...................................................................................................................................................

4-Find in the text words which are closest in meaning to the following :

Who.............. them ..................... their ..................

5-Find in the text words which are synonyms /opposites to the following : products=§2............., persuade=§1...........,
buy=§1................. - similar =/=§1.............., sell=/=§2.........., higher=/=§2...........

Around the text

4. The text is an extract from:

b. A newspaper article b. A book c. A website article
5. The text is :
b. Argumentative b. Expository C. Narrative
6. Read the text and answer the following questions:
a-Is it possible to make a difference between fake and original items?............................................

b-Why do consumers buy fake products ? ..................................

......................................................................................................................................

c-What are the major consequences of counterfeiting on economic revenues as well as

individuals?........................ ...................................................................................... ................

d-What should companies do to fight counterfeiting?............ .................................................................................................................

4-Find in the text words which are closest in meaning to the following :

Who.............. them .................. their ...................

5-Find in the text words which are synonyms /opposites to the following : products=§2............., persuade=§1...........,
buy=§1................... - similar =/=§1..............., sell=/=§2.........., higher=/=§2...........

Vocabulary Explorer
1-Go back to the text and find words related to fraud and fill the word map below.

................ ............. .................

Fraud
 .......... ..........

............. .... ....... ..........

2-Form nouns from the following adjectives by adding appropriate suffixes to these words :
honest- stupid -cruel -responsible- legal- moral

adj noun

3-Form opposites by adding appropriate prefixes to the follwoing words:

Honest –approve- agree- approval – legal-moral-fair- responsible-appear
.honest=/=.................,approve=/=.................., agree=/=................., approval=/=...................
legal=/=..................moral=/=...................-fair=/=..................- responsible=/=...................-appear=/=...............
4-Fill in the blanks in the text below with words you have forms in activity 2 and 3 above :
It is both .................. and .................... to imitate products .Piracy is due mainly to a lack
of .................and.................... . I totally ........... with those who say that counterfeiting is beneficial to
consumers .
 a. Counterfeiters are of bad quality
b. It is a waste of money to buy them
...................................................................................................................................................
a. Counterfeiters are skilful
b. They copy products perfectly
...................................................................................................................................................
a. Companies face a great loss of profitability
b. They launch a fierce attack against counterfeiting
..................................................................................................................................................
a. Counterfeits are dangerous
b. They threaten human lives
............................................................................................................................................
7. Complete the table below from the text above :

Function Examples from the text

Obligation
Prohibition
Absence of Obligation

8. Rewrite sentence b so it means the same as sentence a

a. A counterfeit is something that is forged, imitated by counterfeiters.
1
b. .....................................................................................................
a. Different products are being imitated everyday by counterfeiters
2
 b. .......................................................................................................
a. Counterfeit items are made of law quality components by counterfeiters
3 b. .........................................................................................................
9. Identify the number of syllables and the stressed ones.

Words Number of syllables The stressed syllable

1. economize
2. Economy
3. Economical
4. Economics
5. Authority
6. Authorize
7. Criticize
8. Critical
9. Philosophize
10. Philosophy
11. Philosophical
Ethics in Business Sequence 2 : Read & Consider
Getting started
A. Look at the picture and guess which item looks original and which one looks copied.

_______________ ________________
Synonyms : Synonyms :
________________ ________________
_______________ ________________
_______________ ________________
_______________ ________________

B. Write other words that describe the item to the right and words that describe the one to the left.
C. Have you ever bought a counterfeit product of a famous brand such as Sʌmsung?
If yes, how did you realize that it was a counterfeit? Tick (√) the right box.
Low price poor quality wrong brand name (adidas/abibas)
malfunctioning Other: _________________________
D. What are the differences between genuine and counterfeit products? Use the words in the box to complete the table
below:
poor - safe - high - last longer - low - hazardous - don’t last longer
Genuine Counterfeit
Price
Quality
Safety
Lifespan
E. Can you name some of the counterfeit products currently available on the Algerian market?
 ________________________________________________________
F. Is it right or wrong to imitate products? Justify your opinion by ticking (√) the appropriate box.
 Business is business, as the saying goes.
 Imitating a brand is like stealing a property (theft).
 Low-income consumers can’t afford to buy genuine products.
 It is illegal and counterfeiters usually do not pay taxes.

P. 1
Ethics in Business Sequence 2 : Read & Consider
Getting started
A. Look at the picture and guess which item looks original and which one looks copied.

_______________ ________________
Synonyms : Synonyms :
________________ ________________
_______________ ________________
_______________ ________________
_______________ ________________

B. Write other words that describe the item to the right and words that describe the one to the left.
C. Have you ever bought a counterfeit product of a famous brand such as Sʌmsung?
If yes, how did you realize that it was a counterfeit? Tick (√) the right box.
 Low price  poor quality  wrong brand name (adidas/abibas)
malfunctioning Other: _________________________
D. What are the differences between genuine and counterfeit products? Use the words in the box to complete the table
below:
poor - safe - high - last longer - low - hazardous - don’t last longer
Genuine Counterfeit
Price
Quality
Safety
Lifespan
E. Can you name some of the counterfeit products currently available on the Algerian market?
 ________________________________________________________
F. Is it right or wrong to imitate products? Justify your opinion by ticking (√) the appropriate box.
 Business is business, as the saying goes.
 Imitating a brand is like stealing a property ( theft).
 Low-income consumers can’t afford to buy genuine products.
 It is illegal and counterfeiters usually do not pay taxes.

P. 1
Taking a closer look
1. Read the text on your book pp. 54-55 and reorder the following ideas according to their appearance in the text:
a. Counterfeiting has terrible economic consequences on the European Union.
b. Counterfeiters are professional deceivers.
c. People buy fake products because they can’t afford expensive brands.
d. The statistics of counterfeit products around the world are alarming.
Order ………………………………
2. Read the text again and answer the following questions:
A. Why is it difficult to distinguish between imitations and genuine products?
 …………………………………………………………………………………….
B. Why are counterfeit medicines harmful? Is it because they contain:
a. an excess of ingredients b. a lack of ingredients c. a sufficient amount of ingredients or d. no
active ingredients?
C. What are the three major consequences of counterfeiting on the European Union?
 …………………………………………………………………………………….
D. Why is the imitation of property considered a theft?
 …………………………………………………………………………………….
E. What advice does the author give companies suffering from counterfeiting?
 …………………………………………………………………………………….
F. Do you agree or disagree with the writer’s conclusion? Justify your answer.
 …………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………….
3. Is the text… a. argumentative b. expository or c. descriptive?
4. Fill in the gaps to get a definition of text’s type of discourse:
problem - argument - analyze - describe - causes - convince - explain
…………………. texts are texts which usually tackle or expose a particular …………….., issue or phenomenon and
attempt to ………………. and ……………… that problem by stating information, facts, statistics or …………………
and effects that support the explanation and analysis.
5. Find in the text words or phrases that are closest in meaning to the following:
a. differentiate (§1) = _______________ b. income (§3) = _________________
 c. stop from doing sth(§4) ______________ d. very big (§4) = _______________
6. What or who do the following words refer to in the text?
a. These products (§1, line5) → ……………………….
b. This loss (§3, line5)→ ……………………….
c. them (§3, line7)→ ……………………….
d. their (§4, line4)→ ……………………….
e. They (§4, line6)→ ……………………….
f. those (§4, line8)→ ……………………….
g. their (§4, line11)→ ……………………….

Taking a closer look

1. Read the text on your book pp. 54-55 and reorder the following ideas according to their appearance in the text:
a. Counterfeiting has terrible economic consequences on the European Union.
b. Counterfeiters are professional deceivers.
c. People buy fake products because they can’t afford expensive brands.
d. The statistics of counterfeit products around the world are alarming.
Order ………………………………
2. Read the text again and answer the following questions:
G. Why is it difficult to distinguish between imitations and genuine products?
 …………………………………………………………………………………….
H. Why are counterfeit medicines harmful? Is it because they contain:
a. an excess of ingredients b. a lack of ingredients c. a sufficient amount of ingredients or d. no
active ingredients?
I. What are the three major consequences of counterfeiting on the European Union?
 …………………………………………………………………………………….
J. Why is the imitation of property considered a theft?
 …………………………………………………………………………………….
K. What advice does the author give companies suffering from counterfeiting?
 …………………………………………………………………………………….
L. Do you agree or disagree with the writer’s conclusion? Justify your answer.
 …………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………….
3. Is the text… a. argumentative b. expository or c. descriptive?
4. Fill in the gaps to get a definition of text’s type of discourse:
problem - argument - analyze - describe - causes - convince - explain
…………………. Texts are texts which usually tackle or expose a particular …………….., issue or phenomenon and
attempt to ………………. and ……………… that problem by stating information, facts, statistics or …………………
and effects that support the explanation and analysis.
5. Find in the text words or phrases that are closest in meaning to the following:
a. differentiate (§1) = _______________ b. income (§3) = _________________
c. stop from doing sth(§4) ______________ d. very big (§4) = _______________
6. What or who do the following words refer to in the text?
a. These products (§1, line5) → ……………………….
b. This loss (§3, line5)→ ……………………….
c. them (§3, line7)→ ……………………….
d. their (§4, line4)→ ……………………….
e. They (§4, line6)→ ……………………….
f. those (§4, line8)→ ……………………….
g. their (§4, line11)→ ……………………….
 Unit one's remedial work (Ethics in Business)
Practice

Task One: match the provided words with their definitions

Words Definitions (meanings)

corruption (countable) money or a gift that you illegally give someone to persuade them to
do something for you.

bribe (uncountable) – dishonest – illegal - or immoral behaviour - especially from

someone with power.
bribery (uncountable) and (countable) the crime of deceiving people in order to gain
something such as money or goods
Fraud (uncountable) the practice of unfairly giving the best jobs to members of your
family when you are in a position of power nepotistic.  adj.

nepotism (uncountable) the act of giving bribes.

Money laundering (uncountable) the crime of paying too little tax. (tax avoidance).
ethics (countable) a list of goods that have been supplied or work that has been done,
showing how much you owe for them.

Tax evasion (uncountable) when money that has been obtained illegally is put into legal
businesses or bank accounts in different countries, so that it is difficult for
people to discover where it came from
invoice (plural): moral rules or principles of behaviour for deciding what is right and
wrong
smuggle (uncountable) formal complete honesty.

probity to take something or someone illegally from one country to another. Informal to
take something or someone secretly to a place where they are not allowed to be
counterfeit . (Countable) an act of stealing something.

Abuse plural loyalties. (Uncountable) the quality of remaining faithful to your friends,
principles, country etc.
Loyalty (plural, uncountable) cruel or violent treatment of someone
Theft made to look exactly like something else, in order to deceive people (= fake).
Task Two: Combine the following pairs of sentences using the connectors provided (Make changes where
necessary).
1. Your business prospers. You behave ethically. ( provided that)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
2. Our economy flourishes. We work hand in hand to stop corruption. (As long as)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………

3. Unethical practices are eradicated. The government sets stringent laws to punish corrupt people. (providing
that)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………

4. Every one doesn’t give a bribe. All citizens live in a corruption-free society. (so long as)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
5. Politicians regain the confidence of the citizens. Politicians fight bribery, embezzlement and nepotism. (but
only if)
……………………..……………………………………………………………………………….
Task Three: Rewrite sentence (b) so that it means the same as sentence (a).
1. a- Governments should ban bad practices in our society.
b- Governments……………………………………………………………………………..
2. a- I have a strong desire that all governments will ban cigarettes production.
b- I wish………………………………………………………………………………………
3. a- Our higher authority should protect children from exploitation.
b- It’s about time…………………………………………
4. a- Many people regret having participated in unethical practices.
b- Many people wish………………………………………………………………………….
5. a- Most citizens have a strong desire to live in a corruption-free society someday.
b- Most citizens wish…………………………………………………………………………..
6. a- Government had better not forgive corrupt officials.
b- Government…………………………………………………………………………………..
7. a- public authorities should make anti-smuggling laws stricter.
b- It’s high time………………………………………………………………………………….

Task Four: put the stress mark on the following words

Corruption – ethics- exploitation- evasion –economic – association – deception- perfection

Unit one: Ethics in business Date :…………………………………………………………
Sequence: Read & Consider Rubric: Vocabulary Explorer
Task:A:Form nouns from the following adjectives by adding the appropriate suffix.
E.g.:Hospitable(adj)ity hospitability(n)
honestty………………………. stupidity……………………responsibleity…………………..
cruelty………………………… morality…………………… reality………………….
legality……………………. loyal ty…………………… credible ity……………………

B. Listen to your teacher reading the nouns you have obtained and mark the stress( ') on them. -
What do you notice?
Note: In nouns ending with the suffixes –ity, -ty, stress usually falls on the ____________ syllable I,e
the _______ syllable from the end.

Unit one: Ethics in businessDate : …………………………………………………………

Sequence: Read & Consider Rubric: Vocabulary Explorer
Task: A.Form nouns from the following adjectives by adding the appropriate suffix.
E.g.:Hospitable(adj)ity hospitability(n)
honestty………………………. stupidity……………………responsibleity…………………..
cruelty………………………… morality…………………… reality………………….
legality……………………. loyal ty…………………… credible ity……………………

B. Listen to your teacher reading the nouns you have obtained and mark the stress( ') on them. -
What do you notice?
Note: In nouns ending with the suffixes –ity, -ty, stress usually falls on the ____________ syllable I,e
the _______ syllable from the end.
 Tenses Active Passive The passive voice
Present Learners clean The classroom is
Eg: Active sentence : Learners clean
simple the classroom cleaned by the classroom
learners
Passive sentense : The classroom is
Past simple Learners The classroom cleaned by learners
cleaned the was cleaned by
1- The object of the active voice sentence ( the
classroom learners classroom) becomes the subject of the passive
Present Learners are The classroom is voice sentence.
2- In the passive voice sentences we focus more on
continuous cleaning the being cleaned by the action.
classroom learners 3- Passive forms made up of “ to be + the past
Past Learners were The classroom participle of the verb”

continuous cleaning the was being

classroom cleaned by
learners
Present Learners have The classroom
perfect cleaned the has been cleaned
classroom by learners
Past perfect Learners had The classroom
cleaned the had been cleaned
classroom by learners
Future Learners wil The classroom
simple clean the will be cleaned
classroom by learners
Future be Learners are The classroom is
going to going to clean going to be
the classroom cleaned by
learners
Modals Learners must The classroom
clean the must be cleaned
classroom by learners
The passive voice

Eg: Active sentence : Learners clean

the classroom

Passive sentense : The classroom is

cleaned by learners

1- The object of the active voice sentence ( the

 classroom) becomes the subject of the passive
voice sentence.
2- In the passive voice sentences we focus more on
the action.
3- Passive forms made up of “ to be + the past
participle of the verb”.

Tenses Active Passive

Present Learners clean The classroom is
simple the classroom cleaned by
learners
Past simple Learners The classroom
cleaned the was cleaned by
classroom learners
Present Learners are The classroom is
continuous cleaning the being cleaned by
classroom learners
Past Learners were The classroom
continuous cleaning the was being
classroom cleaned by
learners
Present Learners have The classroom
perfect cleaned the has been cleaned
classroom by learners
Past perfect Learners had The classroom
cleaned the had been cleaned
classroom by learners
Future Learners wil The classroom
simple clean the will be cleaned
classroom by learners
Future be Learners are The classroom is
going to going to clean going to be
the classroom cleaned by
learners
Modals Learners must The classroom
clean the must be cleaned
classroom by learners
Unit: ethics in business

Grammar Explorer: Expressing "wish"

Activity01: Decide whether these statements express a wish or regret.

1- I wish I could fly. ………………..

2- I wish he had seen the doctor earlier ………………..
3- I wish I traveled to New York …………………
4- I wish I were a doctor ……………….
Activity02: Choose the appropriate verb.

1- Alice didn't get a good mark. She wishes she…………hard.

Worked had worked
2- Tom likes football very much. He wishes he…………… a famous football player.
Became had became
3- I am sorry; I don't know how to use the computer. I wish I ……….. how to use it.
Knew had known
4- I stayed late at work and missed the last bus. I wish I …………… at work late.
I didn't stay had not stayed
Activity 03: Read the sentences and choose the correct answer.

1- She failed most of her exams, and now she wishes she…………….harder.
Worked had worked would work
2- I have to get the bus to work every day. I wish I ……………….a car.
had would have had had
3- The weather is terrible today. I wish it ……….a bit warmer.
Was would be had been

4- It really annoys me that you never do anything around the house. I wish
you…………………..from time to time.
Washed up would wash up had washed up
5- My sister will have to cancel her party next week. She wishes she………………. ……
cancel it, but she is broken her leg.
Won't have to didn't have to hadn't have to

Activity 04: Make regrets or wishes for these statements.

 Someone regretting having stolen public funds.

…………………………………………………………………………..
 Someone wishing himself home and not in prison.
………………………………………………………………………….

 Someone wishing himself out of the affair.

 ………………………………………………………………………….
 Someone expressing the wish to live in a corruption- free society someday.
…………………………………………………………………………..

Activity05: Complete the sentences using the correct from of verb after wish.

1- I can't do this exam

I wish………………………………………………………
2- I didn't bring enough money.
I wish……………………………………………………….
3- I regret that I bought that car.
I wish………………………………………………………
4- She regrets marrying him.
She wishes …………………………………………………
5- Unfortunately, I have to work late tonight.
I wish………………………………………………………...

Grammar Explorer II ( Adapted) ( present simple/present continuous passive)

 Consider sentences 1 – 4 in the table below. Then answer questions A-D that follow.

A B
1. Consumers with low incomes buy counterfeits. a. Each year, hundreds of people are killed by fake
2.Counterfeiters are copying products of all sorts medicines.
3. Fake medicines kill hundreds of people each year. b. Counterfeits are bought by consumers with low incomes.
4.Companies are spending huge amounts of money on c. Huge amounts of money are being spent
advertising against counterfeiting on advertising against counterfeiting
d.Products of all sort are being copied by counterfeiters.
A. What voice of the present simple and the present continuous tense is used in column A and in column B?
Complete the following sentences with the words: “active” or “passive”.
1.In column A : …………. voice.
2. In column B : ……….. voice.
B. Match each sentence in column A with its corresponding passive form in column B. What do you notice about the
structure of the verb in “present simple passive” and “present continuous passive”? Complete the following table.

Present Simple Active Present Simple Passive

Subject + ……………………………/……………… Subject+ …………….. + ……………….
Present Continuous Active Present Continuous Passive
Subject + ……………………+ ……………………+……………… Subject+ ………… being+ ……………….

Grammar Explorer II ( Adapted) ( present simple/present continuous passive)

Consider sentences 1 – 4 in the table below. Then answer questions A-D that follow.

A B
1. Consumers with low incomes buy counterfeits. a. Each year, hundreds of people are killed by fake
2.Counterfeiters are copying products of all sorts medicines.
3. Fake medicines kill hundreds of people each year. b. Counterfeits are bought by consumers with low incomes.
4.Companies are spending huge amounts of money on c. Huge amounts of money are being spent
advertising against counterfeiting on advertising against counterfeiting
d.Products of all sort are being copied by counterfeiters.
B. What voice of the present simple and the present continuous tense is used in column A and in column B?
Complete the following sentences with the words: “active” or “passive”.
1.In column A : …………. voice.
2. In column B : ……….. voice.
B. Match each sentence in column A with its corresponding passive form in column B. What do you notice about the
structure of the verb in “present simple passive” and “present continuous passive”? Complete the following table.

Present Simple Active Present Simple Passive

Subject + ……………………………/……………… Subject+ …………….. + ……………….
Present Continuous Active Present Continuous Passive
Subject + ……………………+ ……………………+……………… Subject+ ………… being+ ……………….
Grammar Explorer 1: Consider the sentences (a-c) below and answer the questions that follow:
a. Copies of brands are so cheap that some consumers don’t hesitate to buy them.
b. Counterfeits are of such bad quality that it’s a waste of money to buy them.
c. Counterfeiting is so dangerous that we must all fight it.
1. Rewrite them using ‘because’ and ‘as a result’.
*.............................................................................................................................
*.............................................................................................................................
*..............................................................................................................................
2. Whatdotheyexpress ?*…………………………………………………..
3. Drawtherules.*…………………………………………………………………………………………………….
Task 1: Supply «  so…that…  » or « such…that… » in the gaps to get coherent sentences:
a. Brands are………..expensive……..many consumers buy counterfeits.
b. Counterfeiting has………negative impacts on business………many companies have launched
advertisement campaigns against it.
c. Fake medicines are……….dangerous………something must be done to eradicate them.
Task 2: Connect each of the pairs of sentences below using the conjunctions in the list:  
so…that…  /  such…that… 
a. These products are imitated to perfection / it is difficult to distinguish between the genuine and the fake
products.
*............................................................................................................................
b. The loss in profitability is big / most companies have launched advertisement campaigns against
counterfeits.
*.................................................................................................................................
c. Fake perfumes contain bad quality ingredients / their smells don’t last long for a long time.
*.................................................................................................................................
Task 3: Rewrite sentence (b) so that it means the same as (a):

1.(a) Tax evasion is illegal; consequently, people found guilty could be criminally prosecuted.
(b) ……………….……………..………………………………………………
2.(a) US currency is so accepted and trusted all over the world that it is widely counterfeited.
(b) Since………………………………………………………………………..
Task four: Connect each pair of sentences with one of the words given. Make changes where necessary.
"so+ adj+ that" or "such + noun phrase( adj+ noun+ that)".

a. Imitated products are cheap. Many consumers don't hesitate to buy them.
*…………………………………………………………………
b. Counterfeits are of a bad quality. It is a waste of money to purchase counterfeits.
*……………………………………………………………………………
c. It is so hard to pass through. The streets are very narrow.
*………………………………………………………………………………
d. We could not see anything. It was really a dark night.
*………………………………………………………………………………
e. Few candidates got the bac. The last year bac was too difficult.
*………………………………………………………………………………
f. That student is really an intelligent person. That student answers correctly.
*……………………………………………………………………………
g. There are many fake products of famous brands. Clients lost trust in them.
*………………………………………………………………………………
h. Lots of people could not walk easily. The avenue was crowded.
 *……………………………………………………………………………

Unit Two: Ethics in Business.

Sequence: Reading and Writing.

A. BEFORE EADING: Discus the following questions.

1. What does the picture below represent?

2. Is it the right place for this child to be in?

3. What are the rights of children her age?

4. Do you think that there are laws that prohibit children from work at this age?
 .AS YOU READ
Read the text then do the task that follow

Child labour is work that children should not be doing because they are too
young, or if it is dangerous or unsuitable for them.
Millions of children around the world are affected by child labour, depriving
them of their childhood, their health and education. Certainly, remote possibilities
of children working in harmless environments to help their families do exist.
However, many children are so exploited into unacceptable working conditions that
their rights are being violated.
Recent statistics by UNICEF show that 168 million children aged 5 to 17
are engaged in child labour. The latter can be traced in many sectors, including
agriculture, manufacturing, and domestic services. Generally, it is hidden from
society. For example, the estimated 15.5 million child domestic workers worldwide
– mostly girls – are often hardly visible, and face many risks.
 Child labour consists of slavery-like practices such as forced and bonded
labour and child soldiering. Besides, most of these children are used by adults in
illegal activities, namely drug trafficking. The continuing persistence of child
labour results in denial of children's education as well as exposing them to frequent
violence

Task 1: Scan the text and say whether the following statement are true or false.

a. Children might support their families safely.

b. Child labour is an acceptable and safe work of children
c. Domestic services involve more boys than girls.
d. Child labour enslaves children in harsh situations.

Task 2: Scan the text and answer the following questions.

a. Does child labour affect numerous children globally? yes ,it does
b. List three fields mentioned in the text where child labour is found
The fields are agriculture ,manufacturing ,domestic services .
c. What might happen to the children impacted by child labour?
The continuing persistence of child labour results in denial of children's education as well as
exposing them to frequent violence

Task 3: Find in the text words or phrases closest in the meaning to the following.

a. intolerable ( §1), b. local (§3) c. unlawful (§4)

B. AFTER READING

Task 1: Link the words in bold type in the text with the items they refer to.

Task 2: Reorder the following statements to get a coherent paragraph. Pay attention to the reference words.

a. It places children in harsh working conditions that create a number of problems

b. and will be doomed to have no possibility to grow in his or her professional and social life
c. Additionally, a child who works will not be able to have a normal education
d. such as premature ageing, malnutrition, depression, and drug dependency.
e. Child labour refers to any work or activity that deprives children of their childhood.
WRITING DEVELOPMENT

"Child labor is a social crime".

The topic: The latest statistics shows that about 150 million children between 04-14 years old are engaged in
child labor under hazardous conditions.

Write a composition in which you talk about the reasons, consequences and solutions to child labor.
The following notes will help you:

Reasons: poverty, illiteracy, absence of strong legal structure, political instability…

Consequences: children deprived from education, childhood stolen, short and long term mental and physical risks (bad
working condition: long hours and hard work)…

Solution: rise parent's awareness, improve the living standard, pass severe laws, and provide children with a protective
environment…

(Note: make the best use of the grammar and vocabulary you have seen)

Language form:

Sequencers: to begin with, first, next, moreover…finally.

Connectors: a. Cause: because, since, for, as, therefor…

b. Result: consequently, as a result, so …that, such… that.

c. Purpose: in order to, so as to, to…

Modal: a. Advice: should, had better, ought to.

b. Obligation: must (not), have to

c. Ability: can (not), be able to.

Unit: Ill-Gotten Gains Never Prosper

Topic: Ethics in Business
Sequence: Reading and Writing

Read the text and do the following activities

Child labour refers to the employment of children in any work that deprives them of their childhood,
interferes with their ability to attend regular school, and that is physically, socially or morally dangerous. This
practice is considered exploitative by many international organisations and it is prohibited by many legislative
powers across the world.

Although companies are aware that child labour is unethical and forbidden, many of them like and
continue to employ children because they can pay them less than adults. Very few children know enough about
their legal rights to ask for better pay and working conditions; in addition to this, the parents of working
children rarely protest, they need the child’s salary to survive.
The International Labour Organization estimates that 168 million children between the ages of 5 and 17
currently work under conditions that are considered illegal and extremely exploitative. Although Sub-Saharan
Africa has the highest incidence rates of child labour, this phenomenon also exists in Europe and the United
States.
Underage children work at all sorts of jobs around the world, usually because they and their families are
extremely poor. Large numbers of children work in fishing, manufacturing, mining, and domestic service.
Some children work in illicit activities like the drug trade and others serve as soldiers. Worldwide agriculture is
the largest employer of child labour; that is why, vast majority of child labour is found in rural settings and
informal urban economy.
(Adapted from Wikipedia)
Activity one: Choose the right answer
The text is extracted from:
a- a newspaper. b- the internet c- a scientific magazine

Activity two: Read the text and say whether the following statements are true or false:
a- Child labour is a forbidden practice.......................
b- Many children are employed by different companies because they are good workers......................
 c- Child labour exists only in the developing countries.....................
Activity three: Answer the following questions according to the text.
a- What is child labour?
.............................................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................................
b- Why do companies like to employ children?
........................................................................................................................................................................
c- In which domain do we find the largest number of working children?
........................................................................................................................................................................
Activity four: Choose the suitable general idea.
a- Child labour is a necessity in business.
b- Children’s right to education in the world.
c- Child labour, a worldwide unethical practice.

Activity five: Match each word with its definition.

Word Definition
1- Forbidden a- to take something necessary away from someone
2- illicit b- not allowed, especially by the law
3- to deprive c- Using someone else unfairly for one’s own advantages
4- exploitative d- Illegal or disapproved of by society

Activity six: What do the underlined words refer to in the text?

a- This §1 ..............................................
b- them §2 ...............................................
c- their §2 ..............................................
d- that §3 ..............................................
e- others §4 .............................................

Writing: 1-Fill in the blanks in the following passage with the following words:
(ethically, social audits, conditions, pollution, unethically, ethical issues)
Child labour is not the only social issue that businesses should care about. Environment and the problem
of................................, working .............................. and the salaries, consumption and safety, and the way of
winning new businesses are considered by most observers as........................................... For this reason, some
companies are commissioning .............................................to evaluate the effect of their behaviour on the
society. This social auditing is crucial because some think that ......................................responsible companies
are more likely to prosper than those which behave.......................................
2- use the previous activities and following notes to write a paragraph about how to combat child labour

 (a pervasive/ widespread /common) problem throughout the global economy

Child Is  (a difficult/ complicated/complex ) (Subject/topic/question) to address.

labour
 (a serious /grave/severe/terrifying/ (problem/ difficulty/ crisis/ dilemma/issue)

 immense/ tremendous/huge/ great/

enormous/grand/main/major/grand/

 one of the (biggest /greatest) issues around the world

Morally/ethically ( intolerable/unacceptable/wrong)

 an ever-(increasing /growing/rising) (concern/fear/worry/trouble/burden) among

many nations
  a contentious/ controversial issue

The causes of child labour: Poverty/Family size/ Family breakdown/a parent dies because of HIV/AIDS/The
children are demanded at work because they are Cheap and obedient/children have “Nimble
fingers”/Inadequate laws/ Immoral employers/ family expectations and traditions/abuse of the child/lack of
good schools and day care/lack of other services, such as health care/public opinion that downplays the risk of
early work for children/uncaring attitudes of employers/limited choices for women

 Child labour can best be combated through:

Better access to education/ Social awareness and activism / the rehabilitation of child labourers/Putting
the right laws and policies into place/ preventing children from leaving school and entering the labour market
prematurely./ Legislation and proper enforcement child labour laws /In turn, governments need to devote
resources to education /Say no to work that is harmful and degrading to you../ Speak with your friends and
people in your community about the causes of child labour and what can be done about it. Form a group and
unite against the problem./ Volunteer your time with organizations working to protect children. /Participate in
campaigns• Write to companies that use child labour and demand that they stop. /

Grammar Explorer 4 : Consider sentences (a-c) below and answer questions 1-2 that follow.

A- If I were you, I’d let him decide for himself.

B- I think he ought to take up something more secure.
C- I don’t think you should stand in his way.
D- I must admit my wife and I would have felt much happier if he ‘d chosen something else.
A) What do the words and phrases in bold type in the sentences express ?
 If I were you expresses : …………../ ought to expresses : …………/ should expresses……………
B) Which modal is synonymous with have to ? Are the two modals similar or different in meaning when
they are in the negative ?
*have to = ……………..
* The two modals are ……………… Mustn’t expresses ……………. Whereas don’t have to expresses
……………………
Task : Fill in the blanks in the text below with must, have to, should, ought to, or their negatives. There
are many possibilities.
In the United States most students who win a scholarship to the university ……………. A certain
grade level so as not to lose it. High school students …………..(not) study all the subjects in the
curriculum……. They decide for themselves which subjects to take . They ……………..(not) break the
codes of honour and conduct of their school. They …………..be very good at sports because this may earn
them a place in a prestigious university.
Grammar Explorer 4 : Consider sentences (a-c) below and answer questions 1-2 that follow.

E- If I were you, I’d let him decide for himself.

F- I think he ought to take up something more secure.
G- I don’t think you should stand in his way.
H- I must admit my wife and I would have felt much happier if he ‘d chosen something else.
C) What do the words and phrases in bold type in the sentences express ?
 If I were you expresses : …………../ ought to expresses : …………/ should expresses……………
D) Which modal is synonymous with have to ? Are the two modals similar or different in meaning when
they are in the negative ?
*have to = ……………..
* The two modals are ……………… Mustn’t expresses ……………. Whereas don’t have to expresses
……………………
Task : Fill in the blanks in the text below with must, have to, should, ought to, or their negatives. There
are many possibilities.
In the United States most students who win a scholarship to the university ……………. A certain
grade level so as not to lose it. High school students …………..(not) study all the subjects in the
curriculum……. They decide for themselves which subjects to take . They ……………..(not) break the
codes of honour and conduct of their school. They …………..be very good at sports because this may earn
them a place in a prestigious university.