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THE
FAMILY CODE
OF THE
PHILIPPINES
by:
No.
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
iy t h e ^ u f h o r
THE AUTHOR
Quezon City
June, 1995
DEDICA TiO N
To m y b e lo v e d children^
m y j o y a n d m y in sp ira tio n ,
th is w o rk
IV
F O R E W O R D
25 July 1988
P R E F A C E
June 1988
THE AUTHOR
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
T itle
Page ..............................................................................
............................... i
D e d ic a tio
n .................................................................................
........................... iv
F o re w o
rd ................................................................................
.............................. v
P r e f a c
e .................................................................................
................................vi
Table of C o n te n
ts ................................................................................
............. viii
Intro du
ction .............................................................................
....................... xxx
T A B L E 1. M A R R IA G E
C H A P T E R 1. R E Q U tS lT IE S O F M A R R IA G E
Art.
1 ............................................... ;................................
................................... 1
Amendnnents to Art. 52 of the Civil
Code ............................................... 1
Two Aspects of M a rria g
e............................................................................ 2
Art.
2 .................................................................................
................................... 3
Legal Capacity
Explained..........................................................................
.. 3
Consent of the Contracting Parties
Explained.......................................... 4
Art.
3 .................................................................................
.................................. 4
Art.
4 .................................................................................
.................................. 5
Examples of Void Marriages because of Absence
of Essential R e q u isite
s................................................................... 6
Absence of legal ca p a
city........................................................................... 6
Absence of consent of^.contracting p a r t ie
s ............................................... 6
Examples of Void Marriages because of
Absence of Formal R e q u isite
s....................................................... 6
Absence of authority of solemnizing o
fficer.......................... 7
Absence of a valid marriage lic e n
se ......................................7
Absence of marriage cerem
ony..............................................7
Effect of Defect in any of Essential R e q u isite
s........................................ 8
Effect of Irregularity in any Formal
Requisite.......................................... 8
Art.
5 .................................................................................
................................... 9
Art.
6 .................................................................................
................................ 10
A rt.
7 .................................................................................
................................. 10
List of Persons Authorized to Solem nize Marriages E xclusive..............
11
Members of the Ju d ic ia
ry .........................................................................12
Priests, Rabbis, Ministers of Any C hu
rch ................................................ 12
Ship Captains or Airplane C h ie
fs............................................................. 14
Military Comm anders of a U n
it............................................................... 14
Consuls-general, Consuls, or V ice-
consuls..............................................15
Art.
8 .................................................................................
..................................15
Art.
9 .................................................................................
............... ................. 15
Art.
10 ................................................................................
................................16
Art.
11 ................................................................................
................................15
Art.
12 ................................................................................
................................18
Art.
13 ................................................................................
................................19
Art.
14 ................................................................................
................................19
Art.
15 ................................................................................
................................21
Art.
16 ................................................................................
................................22
Art.
17 ................................................................................
................................ 23
Art.
18 ................................................................. ..............
................................ 24
Art.
19 ................................................................................
................................25
Art.
20 ................................................................................
................................25
Art.
21 ................................................................................
...............................2 5
A rt.
22 ................................................................................
................................26
Art.
23 ................................................................................
................................28
Art.
24 ................................................................................
................................29
Art.
25 ................................................................................
............................... 29
Art.
26 ................................................................................
............................... 39
Foreign Marriages of F ilip in o
s..................................................................30
Effect of Divorce obtained abroad by an Alien
from his or her Filipino S p o u s
e ................................................. 31
CHAPTER 2. MARRIAGES EXEMPT
Preliminary Statem
ent..............................................................................
33
Art.
27 ....................................................................... ........
................................ 33
Art.
28 ................................................................................
................................34
Art.
29 ................................................................................
................................35
Art.
30 ................................................................................
................................35
Art.
31 ................................................................................
................................ 36
Art.
32 ...................................... .........................................
................................36
Art.
33 ................................................................................
................................ 36
Art. 3
4 .................................................................................
................................ 37
ix
Requisites for Application of A rtic
le ........................................................ 37
Reasons for
Provision .........................................................................
...... 37
Effect of False Affidavit of the
Parties ....................................................38
C H A P T E R 3. V O ID A N D V O ID A B L E M A R R I A G E S
Art.
35 ..........................................................
....................39
Contracted by Parties below 18 y e a r
s ....................................................40
Solemnized by Person with No A u th o
rity ............................................... 40
Bigamous or Polygamous M
arriage..........................................................41
Contracted through Mistake of One Party
as to Identity of the O th
er..........................................................41
Enumeration of Void Marriages in this
Article Not E x c lu siv
e .................................................................... 42
Art.
36 ................................................................................
................................ 42
Provision is New and taken from Canon L a
w ........................................ 42
Psychological Incapacity Distinguished from Vice of C o n se n
t.............. 43
Psychological Incapacity Distinguished from In s a n
ity ........................... 44
Why Were No Examples of Psychological Incapacity
Given in this
Article? ................................................................... 44
Psychological Incapacity Must be Present
at the Time of the M a rria g
e.......................................................44
Is the Psychological Incapacitated Person
Barred from Marrying A
gain?...................................................... 45
Guides to Interpretation of term Psychological In ca p a
city ...................45
Who can File the Action to Declare the Marriage V o
id .........................47
Does the Action to Declare Lhe Marriage Void
under this Article
Prescribe?....................................................... 47
Action for Annulment of Marriage May Also
Be Filed in Proper C a s e
s ............................................................. 47
What is the Status of the Children under this A r tic
le ..........................48
Recent Jurisp ruden
ce................................................................................
48
A rt
37 ......................................................... ......................
................................. 54
Art.
38 ................................................................................
................................55
This Article Amends Arts. 80 (6), 80 (7)
and 81 of the Givi! C o d
e .............................................................55
Reasons Why Marriages under Art. 38 are
Against Public P o lic
y .................................................................... 56
Relationships outside Arts. 37 and 38 are not
Impediments to M a rria g
e ............................................................59
Art.
39 ................................................................................
................................ 59
Art, 40 : ■ ! [
. . ........................ eo
X
Art.
41 .........................................................
................e i
Kinds of Bigamous Marriages under this
Article ................................62
Above Article Compared with Art. 83 of the Civil C o d e ...................62
Meaning of "Absent Spouse" under this
Article .................................... 64
Art.
42 ..............................................................
...................... 65
Rule under the Civil C o d
e ........................................................................65
Rule under the Family C o d
e .................................................................... 66
Art.
43 ......................
................................... 67
Art. 44
......................................69
Art.
45 ...................................
................................... 70
Art, 85 of the Civil Code and Above Article C o m p a re
d....................... 71
Grounds for Annulment of Marriage
Explained ..................................... 72
Lack of parental co n se n
t.......................................................................... 72
Insanity of one of the p a
rties..................................................................72
Fraud ........................................................................
.............................. 73
Force, intimidation, or undue
influence...................................................73
Im p o te n c
y .................................................................................
.................75
Sexually Transmissible Disease Found to be
Serious and which Appears
Incurable........................................76
How may Voidable Marriages be Ratified or C o n va lid a
ted ...................77
Art. 46 ......... !
vf.................................................................................
..... 77
Provisions of Art. 86 of the Civil Code and
Above Article C o m p a re
d .............................................................. 78
Concealment of a Sexually-Transmissible Disease as Fraud
under Art. 46 Distinguished from Affliction with a
Sexually-Transmissible Disease as a Ground for
Annulment of Marriage under Art.
45(6) .................................. 80
Concealment of Conviction of a Crime Involving Moral
Turpitude Constituting Fraud that may be a
Ground for Annulment of M
arriage.............................................80
Concealment of Fact that Wife was Pregnant by
Another Man Constituting Fraud that would be a
Ground for Annulment M
arriage................................................. 81
Art. 47 .........
i . ...................................................................... 82
Diagram showing parties entitled to file Annulment, Period
of Filing, and whether Marriage can be R a tifie
d ...................... 84
Periods of Prescription under Art. 87 of the Civil C o d
e ....................... 84
Art.
48 ........................................." ..
..................................85
Art.
49 ...................
...................................86
Art.
50 ..... .....................................
................................... 87
Art. 51 ... i . v
k ............................... 89
Art.
52 ................
................................... 90
Art.
53 .................................
................................•...91
Art.
54 .............................................
................................... 91
T IT LE I I. L E G A L S E P A R A T IO N
Art. 5
5 .........................................................
..96
Grounds for Legal Separation in the Civil Code
and in the Family Code C o m p
ared.............................................96
Repeated Physical Violence or Grossly Abusive C o n d u c
t..................... 97
Physical Violence or Moral Pressure to
Compel the Petitioner to Change Religion
or Political A ffilia tio
n .................................................................... 97
Attem pt to Corrupt Petitioner or Child to
Engage in
Prostitution..................................................................97
Final Judgment Sentencing Respondent to More
Than Six Years' Im p riso nm
ent.................................................... 98
Drug Addiction or Habitual A lco ho
lism ....................................................98
Lesbianism or H om
osexuality................................................................... 98
Contracting by One Spouse of Another M
arriage......... ........................ 99
Sexual Infidelity or
Perversion.................................................................99
Attem pt of One Spouse against the Life of the O t h e
r ...................... 100
Abandonment of One Spouse by the Other for
More than One Y e a
r .................................................................. 100
Reference to "Child" in this Article Includes Adopted C h ild ..............
101
Art, 56
............ loi
Defenses to Legal Separation the same in the Civil C o d e ................
101
Defenses D isc u sse
d ................................................................................
102
C o
ndonation..........................................................................
................... 102
C o n s e n
t..................................................................................
.................. 103
C o n n iv a n c
e .................................................................................
............. 103
Mutual g u
ilt................................................................................
.............. 104
C o llu sio
n .................................................................................
.................. 104
Prescription of the A c tio
n ........................................ ..............................
105
Art,
57 .......................................................
.......... 106
This Article Amends Art. 102 of the Civil C o d
e .................................. 106
xii
Art,
58 ........................................
.................................. 107
Art
59 ......................................
................................... 107
Art!
60 ..............................
.....................................os
Legal Separation Cannot be Granted on Stipulation
of Facts or Confession of Ju d g m e n t......
'................................. 108
Intervention of Trial F isc a
l..................................................................... 109
Art. 61 ............iV;............................................................
y................................ 109
Effects of Filing of Petition for Legal
Separation*:................................ 110
Art,
62 ....................................
.................................. 110
Provisions of Art. 49 Shall Apply during the Pendency of the
Action as to support of the Spouses and Custody
and Support of C hild
ren...................■ ........................................ 110
Effect of Death of Plaintiff or Petitioner during
Pendency of A c tio
n .................................................................... I l l
Art. 63 .......
^/.................................................................................
................. ill
Effects of Legal Sep
aration....................................................................
112
Support Between the Spouses in Legal Separation............................
114
Can the Wife Drop the Name of Her Husband after
the Decree of Legal S e p a ra tio
n ............................................... 114
Art.
64 ................................................................................
............................. 114
Donations Propter Nuptias between the Spouses ...............................
115
Insurance Policies with Guilty Spouse as B e n eficia
ry......................... 115
Art.
65 ...................................................
................................. U 6
Art.
66 . .....................
..................................117
Art.
67 ......................
..............117
Effects of Reconciliation of the S p o u s e
s .............................................. 117
On their personal rela tion
s.................................................................... 117
On the proceedings for and decree of legal separation .................... 118
On the property relations of the Sp ou
ses........................................... 118
T IT L E I I I . R IG H T S A N D O B L IG A T IO N S
B E T W E E N H U S B A N D A N D W IF E
Art.
68 ...............................
............... 122
Duty to Live
Together...........................................................................
. 122
Duty to Observe Mutual Love, Respect and Fidelity...........................
124
Duty to Render Mutual Help and S u p p o
rt........................................... 125
Art.
69 .......................................................
.................... 126
Rule in the Civil C o d
e ............................................................................ 126
Rule under the Above A
rticle ................................................................. 126
Art.
70 ......................................
..................................127
Rule in the Civil C o d
e ............................................................................ 128
xiii
Rule under the Above A rtic
le ................................................................. 128
Art.
71 ........................................................
................................. 128
Art.
72 .............................................
.................................129
Art.
73 .............................
........................ m
Rule under the Civil C o d
e .....................................................................
130
Rule under the Above Article of the Family C o d
e ............................... 131
Right to object is m u tu a
l......................................................................
131
In case of disa g re em e
nt........................................................................
132
Art.
75 ................................................................................
............................. 135
Property Regimes that may be Agreed upon in
the Marriage Settlem
ent.................................... ....................... 135
What if the Marriage Settlem ent is Completely V o
id ? ....................... 136
Suppose the Parties did not Enter into a Marriage Settlem ent?....... 137
Examples of Provisions in the Marriage
Settlem ent that are V o
id ........................................................... 137
Suppose Some Provisions of the Marriage Settlem ent
are Void and Som e are Valid. What is the Effect?................
137
Art.
76 ................................................................................
............................. 137
Art.
77 ...................................................................... .........
............................. 138
Form of the Marriage S ettle m e n
t.......................................................... 138
Reason for Registration in order to Affect Third Persons...................
139
Can Either Party Compel the Other to Reduce the
Marriage Settlem ent into a Public D ocum
ent?........................ 139
Form under the Civil C o d
e .................................................................... 139
Art.
78 ................................................................................
..............................139
Art.
79 ................................................................................
.............................. 140
Art.
80 ................................................................................
.............................141
Philippine Law Applies to Property Relations of Filipino
Spouses, Irrespective of the Place of the Celebration
of their Marriage, their Residences, and the Location
of their
Properties ......................................................................
141
xiv
Exceptions to the Application of the Philippine
Laws where there is Conflict of L a w
s...................................... 142
Art, 124 of the Civil Code
Abandoned................................................. 142
Art.
81 ................................................................................
............................. 142
Art.
82 ................................................................................
............................. 144
Requisites of Donations Propter N u p tia
s.............................................. 144
Donations E x c lu d e
d ................................................................................
144
Donations Propter Nuptias Distinguished-from
Ordinary D on
ations....................................................................
145
Art.
83 ................................................................................
............................. 145
Form of Donations Propter N u p tia
s ...................................................... 145
Art.
84 ................................................................................
............................. 146
Limitation to Donation of Present P ro p e
rty ......................................... 146
Donations of Future Property
Allowed ................................................. 146
Art. 85 ......................................
^................................................................ . 147
Art.
86 ................................................................................
............................. 147
Grounds for Revocation of Donations Propter N u p tia
s ...................... 148
Prescriptive Periods for Fifing Actions for
Revocation of D
onations............................................................ 149
Art.
87 ................................................................................
............................. 150
Donations Void under A r tic
le ................................................................
150
Reasons for Prohibition of Donations between
Spouses during the M arriag
e.................................................... 150
Who May Question Validity of D
onation...............................................
151
Prohibition Applies to Parties Living Together
without W e d
lock.........................................................................
151
; Exceptions to
Prohibition........................................................................
152
Art.
88 ................................................................................
............................. 153
Regime of Absolute Community E
xplained..........................................
153
When System of Absolute Community between the
Spouses B e g in
s..........................................................................
155
Art.
89 ................................ ...............................................
.............................. 155
Art.
90 ................................................................................
..............................157
Art.
91 ................................................................................
..............................158
XV
Art.
92 ................................................................................
............................. 158
Properties Excluded from the C o m m u n
ity ........................................... 159
Art.
93 ................................................................................
............................. 161
S E C T IO N 3. C H A R G E S U P O N A N D O B L IG A T IO N S
O F T H E A B S O L U T E C O M M U N IT Y
Art.
94 ................................................................................
............................. 162
Obligations of the Absolute Community
Property................................ 163
S u p p o r
t..................................................................................
.................. 163
Debts and Obligations Contracted during the M a rria g
e ..................... 164
Debts Contracted by One Spouse without the
Consent of the O th e
r................................................................
164
Taxes, Liens, Repairs on Community
Property........ ...........................
164
Taxes and Expenses for Mere Preservation of
Separate Properties of the S p o u s e
s ........................................ 165
Expenses for Professional, Vocational or Self-Im provem ent
Course of Either
Spouse ...........................................................
165
Antenuptial Debts that Benefited the F a m
ily ....................................... 166
Donations by Both Spouses to Common Legitimate
Children for Them to Commence or Finish
Professional, Vocational or Self-Im provem ent C o u
rse............ 166
Ante-Nuptial Debts not Falling under Par. (7); Support of
Illegitimate Children, Liabilities of Either Spouse
arising from a Crim e or a Q uasi-D
eilct....................... ........... 166
Expenses of Litigation between the S p o u se
s....................................... 167
Spouses are Solidarily Liable to Creditors with
their Separate
Properties .........................................................
168
Art.
95 ................................................................................
............................. 168
S E C T IO N 4. O W N E R S H IP , A D M IN IS T R A T IO N , E N JO Y M E
N T
A N D D IS P O S IT IO N O F C O M M U N IT Y P R O P E R T Y
Art.
96 ................................................................................
............................. 169
Adm inistration of Comm unity P ro p e
rty ................................................ 169
Disposition or Encumbrance of Community Property..........................
172
Art.
97 ................................................................................
............................. 172
Art.
98 ................................................................................
............................. 173
S E C T IO N 5. D IS S O L U T IO N O F A B S O L U T E
C O M M U N IT Y R E G IM E
Art.
99 .............................................................................
............................. 174
Grounds for Termination or Dissolution of the
Absolute Community R e g im
e .................................................... 174
Applicable Rules for Each Ground of Termination
of Absolute C om m
unity............................................................. 175
xvi
Art. 1 0
0 .................................................................................
........................... 175
Meaning of Separation in Fact or Separation De F a c to .....................
175
Separation De Facto Distinguished from A ban donm ent..................... 176
Rules Applicable to Separation De Facto between the S p o u s e s....... 176
Art. 1 0
1 .................................................................................
........................... 177
Remedies of Present Spouse in Case of Abandonment
by the Other S p o u s
e ................................................................ 177
Presumption of Abandonm
ent............................................................... 178
S E C T IO N 6. L IQ U I D A T I O N O F T H E A B S O L U T E C O M M U N IT
Y A
A S S E T S A N D L IA B IL IT IE S
Art. 1 0
2 .................................................................................
........................... 178
Procedure in Liquidating the Absolute Community
Assets and
Liabilities.................................................................. 179
Art. 1 0
3 .................................................................................
........................... 180
Rules in Case of Termination of Marriage by Death of
One of the S p ou
ses................................................................... 181
Effects if the Community Property is not Liquidated
as Above P re scrib e
d .................................................................. 181
Art. 1 0
4 .................................................................................
........................... 182
Procedure in the Liquidation of Community
Properties of Two M a rria g e
s..................................................... 183
C H A P T E R 4. C O N J U G A L P A R T N E R S H I P O F G A I N
S
S E C T IO N 1. G E N E R A L P R O V I S I O N S
Art. 1 0
5 .................................................................................
...........................184
When the Regime of Conjugal Partnership of Gains A p p lie s............. 184
Art. 1 0
6 .................................................................................
........................... 185
Concept of Conjugal Partnership of G a in
s........................................... 185
Conjugal Partnership Distinguished from System
of Absolute C o m m
unity.............................................................
185
Conjugal Partnership Distinguished from Ordinary Partnership.........
187
Each Spouse has Mere Inchoate Right over Conjugal
Property during the M
arriage....................................................
187
Art. 1 0
7 .................................................................................
........................... 188
Art. 1 0
8 .................................................................................
........................... 188
S E C T I O N 2. E X C L U S I V E P R O P E R T Y O F E A C H S P O U
S E
Art. 1 0
9 .................................................................................
........................... 189
Kinds of Exclusive Property of Each S p o u s
e ....................................... 189
Each Kind of Property E
xplained........................................................... 190
Property Brought to the M a rria g
e ........................................................ 190
xvii
Property Acquired During the Marriage by Gratuitous Title ..............
190
Property Acquired by Right of Redemption, Barter, or
Exchange with Exclusive P ro p e
rty ........................................... 191
Property Purchased with Exclusive Money of Either S p o u s
e ............. 191
A--t. 1 1
0 .................................................................................
........................... 191
Art, 1 1
1 .................................................................................
........................... 193
Art. 1 1
2 .................................................................................
........................... 193
Art. 1 1
3 .................................................................................
........................... 193
Art. 1 1
4 .................................................................................
........................... 194
Art, 1 1
5 .................................................................................
........................... 195
S E C T I O N 3. C O N J U G A L P A R T N E R S H I P P R O P E R
T Y
Art. 1 1
6 .................................................................................
........................... 196
Art. 1 1
7 .................................................................................
........................... 196
Each Kind of Conjugal Property E x p la in e
d .......................................... 197
Properties Acquired by Onerous Title during the
Marriage at Expense of Connnnon F u n
d ................................... 197
Special Rules on
Insurance ...................................................................
198
Properties Acquired through the Labor, Industry,
Work, Profession of Either or both S p o u se
s........................... 200
Fruits from Common Property, and Net Fruits of
Exclusive Property of Each Sp ou
se.......................................... 200
Share of Either Spouse in Hidden Treasure whether as
Finder or as Owner of Property where Treasure is fo und.....
201
Properties Acquired through Occupation such as Fishing, Hunting
202
Livestock Existing at Dissolution of Partnership in Excess
off What Is Brought by either Spouse to the
Marriage (Art. 117
(6)): ...........................................................
202
Properties Acquired by Chance, such as Winnings from
Gambling or
Betting ..................................................................
203
Special Cases not Included in Art. 1 1
7 ............................................... 203
Art. 1 1
8 .................................................................................
........................... 204
Art. 1 1
9 .................................................................................
........................... 206
Art, 1 2
0 .................................................................................
........................... 206
This Article Changes Radically the Rules in Art. 158
of the Civil C o d
e ........................................................................207
Rule under the above A rtic
le ................................................................. 207
S E C T IO N 4. C H A R G E S U P O N A N D O B L I G A T I O N S O F T H
E
C O N JU G A L P A R T N E R S H IP
Art. 1 2
1 .................................................................................
........................... 210
Art. 1 2
2 .................................................................................
........................... 213
Art. 1 2
3 .................................................................................
...........................214
Art. 1 2
6 ............................................................... .................
.............. ■
............216
Art. 1 2
7 .................................................................................
...........................217
Art. 1 2
8 .................................................................................
........................... 217
Art. 1 3
6 .................................................................................
........................... 226
Art. 1 3
7 .................................................................................
........................... 226
Art. 1 3
8 .................................................................................
........................... 226
Art. 1 3
9 .................................................................................
........................... 226
Procedure in Voluntary Agreement for Separation of Property......... 227
Effects of Separation of Property between the S p ou ses....................
228
Does the law Require Specific Reasons to Justify the
Court in Approving the Parties' Voluntary
Agreem ent for Separation of P ro p e
rty .................................... 228
A rt. 1 4
0 .................................................................................
........................... 228
xix
/
Art. 1 4
1 .................................................................................
........................... 229
When May the Former Property Regime between the
Spouses be R e vive
d ?................................. ............................... 229
What Rules shall Govern the Revival of the Former Property
Regime of the
Spouses? ...........................................................230
But Reconciliation between the Parties does not mean
Automatic Revival of their Former R e g im
e ........................... . 230
Special Rule in case of Revival of Voluntary
Separation of Property between the S p o u se
s.........................231
Art. 1 4
2 .................................................................................
........................... 231
Art. 1 4
3 .................................................................................
...................... 234
Art. 1 4
4 .................................................................................
........................... 234
Kinds of Separation of P ro p
erty............................................................235
A rt. 1 4
5 .................................................................................
........................... 235
Art. 1 4
6 .................................................................................
........................... 235
Liability of Spouses for Family E x p e n se
s.............................................235
Art, 144 of the Civil Code and Arts. 147 and Art. 148 of the
Family Code C o m p a re
d ............................................................. 237
Art. 1 4
7 .................................................................................
........................... 237
Unions Governed by this A
rticle ............................................................ 238
Rules Governing the Property Relations of the
Unions under this A rtic
le ........................................................... 239
Special Rules Applicable to Void Marriages under this A r tic
le ...........242
Art. 1 4
8 .................................................................................
............................ 242
Art. 1 4
9 .................................................................................
........................... 246
XX
A rt. 1 5
0 .................................................................................
........................... 246
Family Relations, According to this A r t ic
le .......................................... 247
Rules to Remember on Family
Relations..............................................247
A rt. 1 5
1 .................................................................................
........................... 247
Reason for A rtic
le ................................................................................
... 248
Above Article A p p lie
d ............................................................................. 248
Rule not applicable to Matters that Cannot be C o m p ro m
ised...........249
Art. 1 5
2 .................................................................................
........................... 252
Definition of Family H o m
e ......................................................................252
Who may Constitute a Family H o m
e .................................................... 252
Can the Beneficiaries Constitute a Family H o m
e ? ...............................253
Can the Family Home be Constituted on a House
Constructed on Land Belonging to A n o th e
r? .......................... 253
Limitations on Constitution of Family H o m
e ........................................ 253
Family Home must Actually be Used as Residence of the Fam ily.....253
Art. 1 5
3 .................................................................................
........................... 254
How a Family Home is Constituted under the Family C o d e .............. 254
How would Creditors Know Whether a House and Lot is a
Family Home or n o
t ? ................................................................. 254
What is the Family Home Exempt f r o
m ? .............................................254
When does the Exemption of the Family Home
Start and up to When does it L a
st?........................................ 255
Art. 1 5
4 .................................................................................
........................... 255
Beneficiaries of the Family H om
e..........................................................255
Are in-law Relatives of Husband or Wife Beneficiaries
of the Family ho m
e?..................................................................256
Art. 1 5
5 .................................................................................
........................... 256
Exceptions to the Exemption of the Family Home from
Execution, Forced Sale, or A ttachm
ent................................... 256
Art. 1 5
6 .............................................................. ..................
........................... 258
What Properties can be Constituted as the Family H o m e ? ...............
258
Can a Family Home be Constituted on Property Bought on
Installment and which has not yet been Fully Paid
for? ......258
Art. 1 5
7 .................................................................................
........................... 259
xxi
Art. 1 5
8 .................................................................................
........................... 260
May the Family Home be Sold, Alienated, Donated,
Assigned, or Encumbered by the Owner or O w n
ers?............261
Suppose the Family Home, being Insured, is Completely
Burned or Lost, What Happens to the Indemnity? ...............
261
What about if the Family Home is E xp ro p ria te
d ?.............................. 261
Art. 1 5
9 .................................................................................
........................... 261
Is the Family Home Dissolved by the Death of the Spouses
or the Head of the Family Who Constituted the S a m e ? .......
262
Art. 1 6
0 .................................................................................
........................... 262
Right of Unpreferred Creditor if the Value of the
Family home is More than that Fixed in Art. 1 5
7 ................. 263
Art. 1 6
1 .................................................................................
........................... 264
Art. 1 6
2 .................................................................................
........................... 265
Concepts...........................................................................
....................... 267
Kinds of Paternity and F ilia tio
n ............................................................. 267
Kinds of Children under the Family C o d
e ........................................... 267
Major Changes made by the Family Code in Law on
Paternity and Filiation in the Civil C o d
e .................................. 268
Art. 1 6
3 ..........................;......................................................
........................... 269
Art. 1 6
4 .................................................................................
........................... 269
Definition of "Legitim ate" C h ild re
n ....................................................... 269
Definition of "Legitim ate" Children A pp
lied.......................................... 270
Children by Artificial Insem
ination....................................................... 270
What is Artificial Insem
ination?............................................................. 271
Why has the Family Code included therein a Provision on
the Status of Children Born of Artificial Insem
ination?......... 272
Other Points to Remember in Connection with Children
Born of Artificial
Insemination ................................................. 272
Art. 1 6
5 .................................................................................
...........................273
Art. 1 6
6 .................................................................................
........................... 274
Rule under the Civil C o d
e ..................................................................... 274
Rule under the Family C o d
e ..................................................................275
Grounds for Impugnation of the Legitimacy of a Child Explained .... 276
A rt. 1 6
7 .................................................................................
........................... 280
Reasons for the R u
le .............................................................................
280
xxii
Art. 1 6
8 .................................................................................
........................... 280
Art. 1 6
9 .................................................................................
.......................... 283
Art. 1 7
0 .................................................................................
........................... 283
Legitimacy of a Child must be Attacked in a Direct
Action for the Pu rp o
se ...... ........................................................284
Periods for Filing A c tio
n ........................................... .............................284
Points to Remember in Connection with Action to Impugn
Legitimacy of C h
ild .................................................................... 284
Art. 1 7
1 .................................................................................
........................... 286
CHAPTER 2. PROOF OF F IL IA T IO N
Art. 1 7
2 ............................................................... .................
........................... 288
Art. 1 7
3 .................................................................................
........................... 291
When Can the Child Bring an Action to Claim His Status
as Legitimate or Prove his Filiation as s u c
h ? .........................291
Can the Heirs Bring the Action for the Child
After the Latter's D
eath?...........................................................292
Art. 1 7
4 .................................................................................
........................... 292
Rights of Legitimate
Children ............................................................... 293
Is it Obligatory for the Legitimate Child
to Use his Father's Surnam
e?...................................................293
What is the Legitime of a Legitimate C h
ild ......................................... 293
Art. 1 7
5 ................................................................................
............................ 294
Art. 1 7
6 .................................................................................
........................... 296
Rights of Illegitimate C h ild re
n .............................................................. 296
Who Exercises Parental Authority over the litegitimate C h ild ? .........
296
Concepts...........................................................................
........................298
Art. 1 7
7 .................................................................................
........................... 298
Who can be legitim
ated?........................................................................298
Art. 1 7
8 .................................................................................
........................... 300
How does Legitimation take p la c
e ? ...................................................... 300
Does the Annulm ent of the Marriage of the
Parents Affect the Legitimation of the C h
ild ? ......................... 300
Art. 1 7
9 .................................................................................
........................... 301
Art. 1 8
0 .................................................................................
........................... 301
xxiii
Art. 1 8
1 .................................................................................
...........................301
Legitimation takes Effect or Retroacts
to tlie Time of the Child's B ir
th ...............................................301
A rt. 1 8
2 .................................................................................
........................... 302
Who may Impugn the Legitimation of a C h
ild ? ..................................302
On what Grounds may Legitimation be Im pugned?...........................
302
Within what Period may the Impugnation
of the Legitimation be M a d
e ? .................................................. 302
TITLE V I I . ADOPTION
Sources of our Law on A d o p tio
n .................................................................303
N ature of Adoption P ro c e e d in g
s.................................................................. 305
Who m ay A d o p
t? ................................................................................
........... 306
Who m ay be
Adopted? ..........................................................................
....... 315
Legal effects of
adoption ..........................................................................
... 321
(1) Parenal a u th o
rity ..............................................................................
321
(2) Status of adopted c h
ild ...................................................................322
(3) Successional rights of adopted c h
ild .............................................. 322
XXIV
Rescission of the A d o p tio
n ........................................................................... 324
(1) Under the Ramily C o d
e ................................................................... 324
(2) Under Rep. Act
8552 ...................................................................... 325
Effects of Rescission of
Adoption ................................................................326
T IT L E V I I I . S U P P O R T
Art. 1 9
4 .................................................................................
........................... 329
Concept of S u p p o
rt................................................................................3
29
Kinds of S u p p o
rt.................................................................................
....330
Characteristics of S u p p o
rt..................................................................... 331
Concepts of Support in the Civil Code and in the
Family Code C o m p a re
d ............................................................. 331
Art. 1 9
5 ................... ;............................................................
........................... 333
Persons Obliged to Support Each Other to the
Whole Extent Set Forth in Art.
194 ........................................ 333
Above Provision A p p lie
d ......................................................................... 333
Mutual Support between the S p o u s e
s ................................................. 333
Mutual Support between Parents and Legitimate
Children, and the Legitimate and Illegitimate
Children of the L a tt e
r ............................................................... 335
Legitimate Brothers and Sisters, whether of the
Fulf or Half-
Blood ...................................................................... 336
Art. 1 9
6 .................................................................................
........................... 337
Art. 1 9
7 .................................................................................
........................... 338
Properties Liable for the Support of Relatives
Mentioned in Art.
195 ............................................................... 339
Art. 1 9
8 .................................................................................
........................... 340
Art. 1 9
9 .................................................................................
........................... 341
Art. 2 0
0 .................................................................................
........................... 341
If Two or More Persons are Obliged to Give S u p p o
rt........................ 342
Order of Payment of Support if Two or More Olsligees
Claim from same
Persons ........................................................ 342
Art. 2 0
1 .................................................................................
........................... 343
A rt. 2 0
2 .................................................................................
........................... 343
XXV
Art. 2 0
3 .................................................................................
........................... 344
When and How should Support be
Paid .............................................. 344
Art. 2 0
4 .................................................................................
........................... 345
Art. 2 0
5 .................................................................................
........................... 346
A rt. 2 0
6 .................................................................................
........................... 346
This Provision is Based on Q uasi-C on
tract.......................................... 346
Requisites for Application of P ro visio
n ................................................. 347
Art. 2 0
7 .................................................................................
........................... 347
This Provision is Likewise Based on Q uasi-Contract...........................
347
Reason for the P ro visio
n ........................................................................348
Requisites for Application of Pro visio
n ................................................. 348
Art. 2 0
8 ..................................... ...........................................
........................... 348
Special Rules on Conventional S up po
rt................................................ 349
T IT L E I X . P A R E N T A L A U T H O R I T Y
C H A P T E R 1. G E N E R A L P R O V I S I O N S
Concept of Parental A u th o
rity ............................................................... 350
Evolution of the C o ncep
t........................................................................350
Purpose of Parental
/Authority............................................................... 350
Characteristics of Parental A u th o
rity..................................................... 351
Art. 2 0
9 .................................................................................
........................... 351
Parental Authority includes "Parental R espo nsib
ility"..........................351
What Parental Authority Includes under this A rtic
le ...........................351
Art. 2 1
0 .................................................................................
........................... 352
Art, 2 1
1 .................................................................................
........................... 353
Both Parents Exercise Joint Parental Authority over their Children... 353
Father's Decision Prevails in case of Disagreement, unless
there is Judicial Order to the C o n tra
ry ................................... 353
Duties of Children Towards their Paren
ts.............................................354
Art. 2 1
2 ................................. ...............................................
........................... 354
Art. 2 1
3 .................................................................................
........................... 355
Who Exercises Parental Authority in case of Absence,
• Death or Remarriage of Either Parent or
Sep3ration of the
Parents?....................................................... 355
What are the "Compelling Reasons” that would justify
Court in taking Child Away from M o th
er?.............................. 356
xxvi
Art. 2 1
4 .................................................................................
........................... 357
Who shall Exercise Parental Authority In case of Death,
Absence, or Unsuitability of Both
Parents?............................. 357
A rt. 2 1
5 .................................................................................
........................... 358
C H A P T E R 2. S U B S T I T U T E A N D S P E C I A L P A R E N T A L A U T H
O R I T Y
A rt. 2 1
6 .................................................................................
........................... 359
Who Exercises Substitute Parental Authority over C h ild re
n ? ............. 359
Art. 2 1
7 .................................................................................
........................... 360
Art. 2 1
8 .................................................................................
........................... 360
Concept of Special Parental A u th o
rity...................................................361
Who Exercises Special Parental A u th o
rity?.......................................... 361
Authority A p p lie
d .................................................................................
....361
A rt. 2 1
9 .................................................................................
........................... 362
Liability of Those Exercising Special Parental A u th o
rity ..................... 362
C H A P T E R 3. EFFEC T O F P A R E N T A L A U T H O R IT Y U P O N TH E
P E R S O N S O F TH E C H ILD R E N
A rt. 2 2
0 .................................................................................
........................... 363
A rt. 2 2
1 .................................................................................
........................... 364
Liability of Parents for Torts Committed by Minor C hild ren...............
364
A rt. 2 2
2 .................................................................................
........................... 365
A rt. 2 2
3 .................................................................................
........................... 365
A rt. 2 2
4 .................................................................................
........................... 366
Measures to Assist Parent in Imposing Discipline on C h ild ...............
366
C H A P T E R 4. EFFEC T OF P A R E N T A L A U T H O R IT Y
U PO N TH E P R O P E R T Y OF TH E C H ILD R E N
Art. 2 2
5 .................................................................................
........................... 368
Father and Mother are now Joint Guardians of the
Child's Property or In co m
e ....................................................... 369
Special Rule in case Market Value of Property or Income of
Child Exceeds P 5 0 ,0 0
0 .............................................................. 370
Rules prescribed for Parents as Legal Guardians of Child's
Property and Income not Applicable to other P e rso n s.........
371
Art. 2 2
6 .................................................................................
........................... 372
What "Property" of the Child Inclu
des................................................. 372
Parental Usufruct has been A b o lis h e
d ................................................. 372
xxvii
Purposes for which Parents may use Fruits and
Income of Child's P ro p e
rty ....................................................... 373
Art. 2 2
7 ....................................................................... .........
........................... 373
Rules if Parent Entrusts Management of any of his
Property to a C h
ild .................................................................... 373
C H A P T E R 5. S U S P E N S I O N O R T E R M I N A T I O N O F
P A R E N T A L A U T H O R IT Y
Art. 2 2
8 .................................................................................
........................... 375
Permanent Termination of Parental
Authority ......................................375
Art. 2 2
9 .................................................................................
........................... 375
Termination of Parental Authority which can be
Revived by Final Judgm
ent....................................................... 376
Art. 2 3
0 .................................................................................
........................... 376
Civil Interdiction of Parent Suspends Parental A u th o
rity.................... 377
Art. 2 3
1 .................................................................................
........................... 377
Suspension of Parental A u th o
rity .......................................................... 378
Art. 2 3
2 .................................................................................
........................... 378
Case When the Parent Shall be Permanently
Deprived of Parental
Authority................................................. 379
Art. 2 3
3 .................................................................................
........................... 379
T IT L E X . E M A N C I P A T I O N A N D A G E O F M A J O R I T
Y
(A s A m e n d e d by Rep. A ct 6 8 0 9 )
A rt. 2 3
4 .................................................................................
........................... 380
How Emancipation Takes P la c
e ............................................................. 380
A rt. 2 3
5 .................................................................................
........................... 380
Art. 2 3
6 .................................................................................
........................... 381
A rt. 2 3
7 .................................................................................
........................... 382
T IT L E V I . S U M M A R Y J U D I C I A L P R O C E E D I N G
S
IN THE F A M IL Y LA W
C H A PT ER i . SCO PE O F A P P L IC A T IO N
Art. 2 3
8 .................!...............................................................
...........................383
Why the Family Code includes Provisions in
Sum m ary Judicial
Proceedings................................................. 383
Characteristics of Sum m ary Proceedings in the Family
Code ......... 383
A rt. 2 3
9 .................................................................................
........................... 384
A rt. 2 4
0 .................................................................................
........................... 385
Art. 2 4
1 .................................................................................
........................... 385
Art. 2 4
2 .................................................................................
........................... 386
A rt. 2 4
3 .................................................................................
........................... 386
Art. 2 4
4 .................................................................................
........................... 386
Art. 2 4
5 .................................................................................
........................... 386
Art. 2 4
6 .................................................................................
........................... 387
Art. 2 4
7 .................................................................................
........................... 387
Art. 2 4
8 .................................................................................
........................... 387
Art. 2 4
9 .................................................................................
........................... 388
Art. 2 5
0 .................................................................................
........................... 388
A rt. 2 5
1 .................................................... ............................
............................ 388
A rt. 2 5
2 .................................................................................
........................... 388
Art. 2 5
3 .................................................................................
........................... 389
Art. 2 5
4 .................................................................................
........................... 389
Art. 2 5
5 .................... ............................................................
........................... 390
A rt. 2 5
6 .................................................................................
........................... 390
A rt. 2 5
7 .................................................................................
........................... 393
Appendix "A" - Inter-Country Adoption L a
w ........................................ 394
Appendix "B" - New Domestic Adoption
Law ......................................406
Appendix "C " - Recent Jurisprudence on Family
Law ........................422
X XIX
INTR O D UCTIO N
xxxii
M ALACAN AN G
Manila
W H E R E A S , th e re is need to im p le m e n t p o lic ie s
embodied in the new C onstitution th a t strengthen marriage
and th e fa m ily as basic s o c ia l in s titu tio n s and e nsu re
equality betw een men and w om en;
N O W , TH ER E FO R E, 1, C O R A Z O N C. A Q U IN O ,
President of the Philippines, by virtue of the pow ers vested
in me, do hereby order and prom ulgate the Family Code of
the Philippines, as fo llo w s:
XX X II I
TiOo / - M arrio g o A rt. 1
T IT L E
MARRIAGE
C H A P TE R I
REQUISITIES OF MARRIAGE
CH APTER 2
Preliminary Statement:
33
34 Art. 28
CHAPTER 3
39 Vi-\
40 Art. 3 5
Art, 35 47
Ir \ 1 -vX ^
f^^orneY'tp
.!■I j , !
ppt
r . ' ‘ {'' 'fa ta l' to'/fhe i v;ali'd\ty' of 1th e ' proceedings jh th
e ’ trial
court (Tuason v. Court o f ..Appeals, 256 SCRA
( i) 'Between aSidWhdahts^ M
of any
are
, > close
(b) Under A rt., Bilv o f the .Civil Code,
incestuo
^ , _,,^arriages^,|!ncl,ud^^^^^
collateral
. ’ ,,i . . . relatives , by ‘ >blood y . f o u r t h
civil
V
.:,.>Cv.^
degree.,
h l j ; ' t ; ' i ! J
T he...above
5 !.! ; .
jA rtic
e..does
b i I
f! i .
not consider
, .. . , ^>\such^n[]arn^ge^s,,J^
(follpyving the trend
•. ,oO rI , , 'in'....' otheH O wf;l
‘"L..‘countries .1
wf^erein
' J .) . - r e ' K ; H : i i I t
! il
incestuous
marriages .extend only to those, between
‘
' d^hsidered vbid^ by' reaspo ^ public
policy
under Art. 38.^ , ';' ''
^'"^'(c) 1ndestudU^‘marriage^''are^^^
almost
'*ijnlv^^ally''^'^ \^ r^ 6 H \'H c o n tra
bonos
; :Ki " ^^>77ip/^y‘af^d’'V61d‘ ‘as^'|they''’^c
human
' '' ' ’ hatijjre’; ''‘"'def^ad^ th 0'‘-^fiarnify/‘ and
offend
-d^cfehcy‘and'-Vnbr^ls."!'
Art 38 55
I' vq ; Art. 3 8; The; following marriages shalL be; void from
I
the beginning for ^reasons of public: policy : i ^ q :v
(1) Between collateral blood relatives, whether
;; A iegitirrrate ' or'illegitiriiateV up ' to the fourth civil
degree;-' A'' -
'0' (2) - Between step-|!>ar6nts-and
' (3) Between parehfs-iri'faw- and children-in-law;
(4)^ Betweeni tlie ' adbptirig- parent and • the adopted
child; ;v'iiri!nB va ;o "....n
9iij i (5) Bieiweert tHe^^^iirViving spouse of the adopting
gn ioo n oparerit'and the a d o f^ ^ i ;
jri; ' (6)' Bietvvfeen^ thy*'surviving^ spb the adopted
h O ;o thild^ ahd' the 'addJp^^ rl sj fo oj
(7) Between an adopted clitid and a l^gitirh^ child
Vof ^ t h ^ ^ a d b p t e i ^ ; - - v (j ;t;
(8) Between adopted Nchildi^eh of'^^'^ adopter;
^aovifoi^^i l;V!3;5f!00 (:0;:Uvnx) (;-0
wh ('9) i Bet ween'parties wh^re w ith ‘^he intention to
marry ih6 t^hefr/ killed that'otheV’ p^ spouse
orif; ^ or his-’Oirher ovvn spouse. (82^) ' ^
bru; 88 .hA) v/Gl-rii-rtn-.biirio
This Article , amends. Arts. >80. (6); 8 0 (7), and 81 of the
Civil Code: i;gi vvc;
o'y; stating
’ 7 ‘’',expf-(5ss)y^ tnat^^ of killing
\
urider^ the circumstances- set foVth In Ithe provisions of
Article 391 bf the Civil Code, an absence of only two
years shall be sufficient. ^ A HO • > - v -in lu:
V : For r the icplirpose [I of ^ contracting scthe rSubsequent
marriage under; the 'preceding 'paragraph;; the spouse present
must; institute a ;summary iproceedirig provided in this isis
Code 1 for Iheio declaration opf [presumptive>qdeath of the
absentee; ; vvithout
prejudice too the neffectcof
reappearance
of if he absent spouse. (83a) ; olhn: loob ri:
A . nr ; b Do y o d ci
s;}rAnr;rn
Kindseof i Bigamous Marriages under sthis Article:: >
Meanwhile,
(1) The absent spouse who returns cannot get
married again because he or she is still married to
the present spouse.
(2) The present spouse cannot have sexual relations
with both the returning spouse and his or her
second spouse.
(3) Properties acquired by the absent spouse during
his or her absence or after his or her return do
not become part of his or her conjugal partnership
with the present spouse.
(4) If a child is born of the returning spouse and the
present spouse, the child Is illegitimate.
Unlike the Civil Code which does not provide for the
effects of the termination of the subsequent marriage under
its Art. 83, the Family Code expressly provides for the
effects of the automatic termination of the subsequent
marriage under Art. 41 as follows:
(1) The children of the subsequent marriage
conceived before its termination shall be
considered legitimate, and their custody and
support shall be decided by the courts in the
proper proceeding in case of dispute in
accordance with the Code's provisions on custody
of children and support.
- t e
■
Art. 44 69
3. Fraud:
5. fmpotency:
&
i--
84
Art. 4 7
G ro u n d for P erio f of
C o n v a lid s tic n or
W ho can file action
A n n u lm en t P re scrip tio n
R atification
W ithin 5
(1) F^aiiy under age y e a rs after
Lack of
attaining 21
F
re e co hab itation
parental
(2) Parent or B efore child
after rea ch in g 21
c o n se n t
guardian re a c h e s 21
(2) G u a rd ia n of - do -
in san e sp o u se
During lucid
interval c r after
■
(2) If any of them marries again without complying
! with such requirements, the subsequent marriage
shall be null and void.
TITLE H
LEGAL SEPARATION
Defenses Discussed:
Under Art. 101, sec. par., of the Civil Code, the court
is required to order the prosecuting attorney to inquire
whether collusion exists between the parties only in case
of non-appearance of the defendant, and if there is no
collusion, the prosecuting attorney shall intervene for the
State in order to take care that the evidence for the
plaintiff is not fabricated.
Under the above Article of the Family Code, however,
the court is required in every case to order its trial fiscal to
take steps to prevent collusion between the parties and to
take care that the evidence is not fabricated or suppressed.
* In other words, whether the defendant answers the
complaint or not, and appears at the trial or not, the trial
fiscal must always be present at the trial in representation
of the State, and may cross-examine the witnesses and
study the documentary evidence presented to prevent the
presentation of false evidence or the suppression of the
true evidence. The fiscal can also oppose the complaint or
petition through the presentation of his own evidence If in
his opinion, the proof presented by the plaintiff or the
petitioner is insufficient, dubious or fabricated.
Can the Wife Drop the Name of Her Husband after the
Decree of Leoal Separation?
T IT L E
(2) The wife has the duty to live with her husband,
but she may refuse to do so in certain cases like:
(a) If the place chosen by the husband as family
residence is dangerous to her life;
(b) If the husband subjects her to maltreatment
or abusive conduct or insults, making
common life impossible;
(c) If the husband compels her to live with his
parents, but she cannot get along with her
mother-in-law and they have constant quarrels
(Del Rosario v. Del Rosario, CA, 46 O.G.
6122);
(d) Where the husband has continuously carried
illicit relations for 10 years with different
women and treated his wife roughly and
without consideration (Dadlvas v. Villanueva,
5 4 Phil. 92;
(e) Where the husband spent his time In
gambling, giving no money to his family for
food and necessities, and at the same time
insulting his wife and laying hands on her
{Panuncio v. Sula, CA, 3 4 O.G. 129);
(f) If the husband has no fixed residence and
lives a vagabond life as a tramp (1 Manresa
329).
124 Art. 68
Art. 69. The husband and wife shall fix the family
domicile. In case of disagreement, the court shall decide.
TITLE IV
CHAPTER 1
GENERAL PROVISIONS
138 A rt. 77
CH APTER 2
Donations Excluded:
144
A rt. 8 3 145
>
/\ft. 8 5 and Art. 8 6 147
(1) Rule in the Civil Code: Art. 131 of the Civil Code
requires the donor in a donation p ro p te r nuptias to
release the property donated from mortgages and
other encumbrances with the exception of
easements, unless the contrary is stipulated.
(2) The above Article changes the rule in Art. 131 of
the Civil Code by providing that even property
subject to encumbrances may be the subject of a
donation by reason of marriage, subject to the
following conditions:
(a) In case of foreclosure of the encumbrance
and the property is sold for less than the
amount of the obligation secured, the donee
shall not be liable for the deficiency.
(b) If the property is sold for more than the total
amount of the obligation, the donee shall be
entitled to the excess.
Exceptions to Prohibitions:
C H A P TE R 3
S E C TIO N 1. G EN ER AL PROVISIONS
153
Art. 88
:‘'5
V-
IP
Art. 91 and Art. 92
S E C TIO N 2.
158
0 ^rt. 9 2 159
■
Art. 93
SECTIO N 3
1:.
166 Art. 94
SE C TIO N 4
fc-
A rt. 9 6 7 77
SECTION 5 I
DISSOLUTION OF ABSOLUTE
COMMUNITY REGIME
Art. 9 9 . The absolute community terminates:
(1) Upon the death of either spouse;
{2) When there is a decree of legal separation;
(3) When the marriage Is annulled or declared void, or
(4) In case of judicial separation of property during
the marriage under Articles 134 to 138. (175a)
Presumption of Abandonment:
SECTION 6
CHAPTER 4
784
106 185
a
188 Art. 107 and Art. lO s M
SECTIO N 2
S EC TIO M 3
C O N J U G A L P A R T N E R S H IP P R O P E R T Y
■
204 Art. 775
:
210 Art. 121
SECTIO N 4
SE C TIO N 5
SEC TIO N 6
D IS S O L U T IO N O F C O N J U G A L
P A R T N E R S H IP R E G IM E
Si
Art. 127 und Art. 123 217
SE C TiO N 7
L IQ U ID A T IO N O F T H E C O N J U G A L P A R T N E R S H IP
A S S E T S A N D LIA B ILITIE S
CHAPTER 5
224
Art. 135 225
;■
m -.
232 Art. 142
CHAPTER 6
(1) As to extent:
(a ). Total, or
(b) Partial - In this case., the property not agreed
upon as separate shall be absolute com m unity
property unless the parties agree otherwise.
Art. 144 of the Civil Code and Arts. 147 and 148 of the
Family Code Compared:
237
238 Art. lay
TITLE V
THE FAMILY
CHAPTER 1
245
246 Art. 749 and A rt. ISO
It is exempt from:
Art. 154 2 55
(1) execution,
(2) forced sale, or
(3) attachment,
except as provided in this Code and to the extent of the
value allowed by law.
Provided:
(a) they actually reside in the family home; and
(b) they depend upon the head of the family for
legal support.
■m-
Art. 155
T IT L E VI
Concepts:
267
ill
268 Art. 762
CHAPTER 1
LEGITIMATE CHILDREN
269
270 Art. 762
■
280 1 6 7 an d A rt. 16S
11 '
1
illl
iir i
PliU!
CHAPTER 2
PROOF OF FILIATION
{1} The child can bring the action during his or her
entire lifetim e (not during the lifetim e of the
parents) and even after the death o f the pcirents.
In other words, the action does not preocribe as
long as he lives.
(2) If the child is a minor, or is incapacitated or
Insane, his guardian can bring '.ne action in his
behalf.
Can the heirs bring the action for the child af^er the iatter^s
death?
fll
Ipi
ill] 292 Art. J
-/4
ILLEGITIMATE CHILDREM
■;
■'
■
jifi
III
i
298 Art.
V
CHAPTER 4
LEGITIMATED CHILDREN
Concepts:
300
TITLE VI)
A D O P T IO N
('/Is A m e n d e d b y Rep. A c t. 8 5 5 2 ,
The "D o m estic A d o p tio n A c t o f 1998)
Sources of our law on adoption:
303
304 Art. 18^
■
Art. 183 309
Adoption bv guardians:
I' adoption?''
318 Art. TQy
TITLE y \\\
SUPPORT
Concept of Support:
329
330 Title V/l - Adoption
Kinds of support:
(1) As to extent:
(a) Natural - limited to what is absolutely
indispensable for subsistence or the bare
necessities of life, or
(b) Civil - that which accords with the social
position or standing of the family.
(2) As to source:
(a) Legal - that which is required to be given by
law.
(b) Judicial - that which is required to be given
by court order whether pendente lite or in a
final judgment.
(c) Voluntary or conventional:
(i) in te r vivos - by contract
(ii) iViortis causa - by will.
A rt 194 337
Characteristics of support:
.•
Art. 2G4 345
'I
If:
i
Titlo IX - Parental Authority
TITLE IX
PARENTAL AUTHORITY
CHAPTER
GENERAL PROVISIONS
350
Art. 2 08 351
Family Code).
(1) The Civil Code, P.D. 603, and the Family Code all
provide that the father and the mother shall jointly
exercise parental authority over their common
children, who may be:
(a) Legitimate;
(b) Legitimated; or
(c) Adopted.
CH APTER 2
359
360 Art. 217 and Art. 218
t ■
i-0
279
Art. 219. Those given the authori^/ and responsibility
under the preceding Article shall be principally and solidarily
liable for damages caused by the acts or omissions of the
unemancipated minor. The parents, judicial guardians or the
persons exercising substitute parental authority over said
minor shall be subsidiarily liable.
The respective liabilities of those referred to in the
preceding paragraph shall not apply it if is proved that they
exercised the proper diligence required under the particular
circumstances.
All other cases not covered by this and the preceding
articles shall be governed by the provisions of the Civil
Code on quasi-deflcts. (n)
S63
>3^ Art. 221
(2) If the minor child is, therefore, not living w ith the
parents but has been entrusted to the care of
other persons, or is an interne in school, the
liability does not apply.
(4) Examples:
(a) If a minor child negligently operates the fam ily
car. the parents are liable for the damage
done {G utierrez v. G utierrez, 56 Phil. 177),
(b) If the child, while living w ith the parents,
com m its an illegal act in the streets, the
parents are liable (V. Tolentino, id.. 1959 ed,,
p. 521)
i-
225
CHAPTER 4
36S
369
Father <ind mother are now joint guardians of the child's
property or income:
The right o f the parents over the fru its and income of
the child's property shall be lim ited prim arily to the child's
support and secondarily to the collective daily needs o f the
fam ily. (321a, 323a)
For what purposes mav the parents use the fruits and
.
incom e o f the child's property?
IK '
374
227
(2) The child shall be given a reasonable monthly
allowance in an am ount not less than that w hich
should be given to a stranger w ho manages the
same property (again because the child is
practically an agent employee o f the parents); and
jV;
Art. 228 and Art. 229
C HAPTER 5
SUSPENSION OR TERMINATION OF
PARENTAL AUTHORITY
375
3 76 Art. 230
TITLE X
E M A N C IP A T IO N A N D AGE OF M A J O R IT Y
It s h o u ld a ls o be n o te d th a t w h ile th e
e m a n c ip a tio n o f a p e rso n by m a rria g e u n d e r th e
fo rm e r A r t. 2 3 6 o f th e F a m ily C ode w a s fu ll or
complete even if he or she is below 21 years, so that
his parents or guardians w ould no longer be liable for
his torts under A rt. 2 1 8 0 of the Civil Code, the above
amendment introduced by Rep. A c t 2809 has returned
to the parents and guardians re sp o n sib ility fo r to rts
com m itted by children between 18 and 21 years who
are s till livin g w ith them . The decision in Elcano v.
382 ^ rt. 237
A r t . 2 3 7 . T h is A r t ic le has a ls o been e x p re s s ly
repealed by Sec. 2 of Rep. A c t 680 9.
i- Titlo XI - Summary Judicial Procoodings in tha Family Law Art. 2 3
8
TITLE Xi
CH APTER 1
SCOPE OF APPLICATION
383
384 Titfo X ' Emancipation and A ge o f Authority
CH APTER 2
3S5
336 A rts. 242, 243, 2 4 4 and 2 4 5
Rep Act 8369 creates a family court in every province and city,
but this law has not yet been implemented for lack of funds.
Arts. 246, 247 and 248 3S7
CH APTER 3
INCIDEMTS IIMVOLVIMG
PARENTAL AUTHORITY
383
Title // - Final Provisions Art. 253 and Art. 254
CHAPTER 4
TITLE II
FINAL PROVISIONS
Art. 254. Titles ill, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, XI and XV
of Book I of Republic Act No. 386, otherwise known as
the Civil Code of the Philippines, as amended, and Articles
17, 18, 19, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 39, 40, 41 and 4 2 of
Presidential Decree No. 603, otherwise known as the Child
and Youth Welfare Code, as amended, and all laws,
decrees, executive orders, proclamations, rules and
regulations, or parts thereof, inconsistent herewith are here
by repealed, (n)
383
390 2 55 and A rt 2 5 q
A rts. 17, 18, 19, 27, 28, 2 9 , 30, 31, 39, 40, 41 and
42 of P.D. 6 0 3 , as am ended, on Parental A u th o rity and
A d option , have also been expressly repealed by the Family
Code, and later, by Rep. A c t 8 5 5 2 as to A doption.
A rticle 257 , This Code shall take effect one year after
the com pletion o f its publication \n a newspaper of general
circulation, as certified by the Executive Secretary, O ffice
of the President.
By the President:
REPUBLIC A C T WO. 8 0 4 3
ARTICLE I
■
GENERAL PROVISIONS
ARTICLE II
ARTICLE III
PROCEDURE
the child under the Famiiy Code have been exhausted and
that inter-country adoption is In the best interest the
child. Towards this end, the Board shall set up "rici
guidelines to ensure that steps will be taken to place the
child in the Philippines before the child is placed for inter
country adoption: Provided, however, that the maximum
number that may be allowed for foreign adoption shall not
exceed six hundred (600) a year for the first five (5) years.
ARTiCLE iV
PENALTIES
ARTICLE V
FINAL PROVISIONS
APPENDIX "B"
R EP U B LIC A C T N O . 8 5 5 2
ARTICLE I
G E N E R A L P R O V IS IO N S
406
R ep u b lic A c t N o. 8 5 5 2 407
ARTICLE U
PRE-ADOPTIOIM SERVICES
ARTICLE III
E L IG IB IL IT Y
ARTICLE IV
PR O C ED U R E
AR TICLE V
EFFEC TS O F A D O P T IO N
ARTICLE VI
R E S C IS S IO N OF A D O P T IO N
ARTICLE VII
V IO L A T IO N S A N D P E N A LTIE S
ARTICLE Vlli
F IN A L P R O V IS IO N S
(a) P a r tie s a re n o t a l l o w e d t o a s s u m e t h a t t h e i r
m a rria g e is v o id even if s u c h is th e f a c t . T h e y
Recent Jurisprudence on Family Law 425