20th CENTURY ARCHITECTURE

By: Ar. Maria Zandra Abad- Bermillo

Chicago School
of Architecture
1880-1910
 ● Commonly refers to the groundbreaking
skyscraper architecture

● Contains three parts of a classical

column:

Chicago School First floor as the base

Middle stories as the shaft
Last floor represents the capital,

of Architecture ●
capped with a cornice.

New foundation technique: METAL

SKELETON FRAME- first used in William
1880-1910 Le Baron Jenney’s Home Insurance
Building

● Use of steel and iron- by Viollet-le-Duc

and Louis Sullivan
Art Nouveau
Architecture
1890-1920
 ●Known in Germany as Jugendstil,
in Italy as Stile Liberty,
in English as Modern Style
In Catalan as Modernisme
In Austria as Secession
Art Nouveau
●Architecture style free of all historic
Architecture style. often lavishly decorated with
various types of applied art -
including stained glass and
1890-1920 ceramics.

●CASA BATTLO (House of Bones) by

Antoni Gaudi
Revivalist
Architecture
1900-2000
 ●revived the proportions
Revivalist and orders of Roman
architecture
Architecture
1900-2000 ●Sagrada Familia by
Antoni Gaudi in Gothic.
New York School
of Skyscraper
Architecture
1900-2000
 ●Steel-frame high-rise architecture was
pioneered in the 19th century by
American architects in New York and
New York School Chicago

of Skyscraper ●With the fall in the price of steel - a

major construction material for
Architecture high-rise structures - building upwards
suddenly became much more
economically attractive.
1900-2000
●Flat Iron Building by Daniel Burnham.
Early Modernist
Architecture
1900-1930
 ●"Modernist architecture"

●made full use of the latest

Early Modernist building techniques and
materials, including iron, steel,
Architecture glass and concrete.

●Charles-Edouard Jeanneret “Le

1900-1930
Corbusier” introduced the 5
points of new architecture in his
Villa Savoye.
Early Modernist
Architecture
1900-1930
 ●Fagus Factory by Walter Gropius
and Adolf Meyer
-floor-to-ceiling glass
windows on steel frames
Early Modernist -other unifying element is
the use of brick
Architecture
●Fallingwater by Frank Lloyd
1900-1930 Wright
-organic architecture
-reinforced concrete
cantilevered balconies.
Expressionist
Architecture
1910-1925
 ● Expressionist architects rebelled
against the functionalist
industrial-style structures of
modernist architecture
Expressionist ● included curves, spirals and

Architecture non-symmetrical elements

● Einstein Tower by Erich

1910-1925 Mendelsohn

● Sydney Opera House by Jorn

Utzon
De-Stijl
Avant-Garde
Architecture
1917-1930
 ●Influenced by Concrete art and
Cubism

De-Stijl ●De Stijl designs are characterized by

austere geometrical shapes,
Avant-Garde right-angles, and primary colours.

Architecture ●Rietveld Schröder House by Gerrit

Rietveld (now a UNESCO World
1917-1930 Heritage Site)- the only building to
have been created completely
according to De Stijl principles.
Social Housing
Architecture
1918-1930
 ●large-scale apartment blocks,
due to European post-war
housing crisis
Social Housing ●Weissenhofsiedlung by by
Architecture Mies van der Rohe.

1918-1930 ●Works Housing Estate by JPP

Oud
Bauhaus Design
School
1918-1930
 ●Bauhaus design - with its clean lines
and deliberate absence of
ornamentation

Bauhaus Design ●Combining ideas from other modern

architecture such as works of
Wright, De Stijl and Constructivism,
School International Style of modern
architecture was developed.
1918-1930
●Walter Gropius designed the
Bauhaus Complex
Art Deco
Architecture
1925-1940
 ●Art Deco, like Art Nouveau,
embraced all types of art, but unlike
its predecessor, it was purely
decorative, with no theoretical or
political agenda.
Art Deco ●Influenced by geometrics of cubism,
Architecture movement of futurism, and elements
of ancient art like ziggurat designs of
Mesopotamian’s.
1925-1940
●Empire State Building by Shreve,
Lamb and Harmon.
Totalitarian
Architecture
1933-1960
 ● Totalitarian architecture embodied
the fantasies and megalomania of
the political leader.

Totalitarian ● often incorporated elements of

Greek architecture

Architecture ● New Reich Chancellery, Berlin

(Hitler’s office) by Albert Speer
1933-1960
● Great Hall of the People, Beijing by
Zhang Bo
International Style
of Modern
Architecture
1940-1970
 ● The International Style first
appeared in Germany

International Style ● it was ideal for skyscraper

architecture, because of its
of Modern sleek "modern" look, and use
Architecture of steel and glass.

1940-1970 ● Seagram Building by Mies

van der Rohe and Philip
Johnson
High-Tech
Architecture
1970 onwards
 ● based on the expressive qualities of
cutting-edge technologies and
materials, such as steel, light metal
panels, glass, and plastic derivatives.

● New building shapes are determined

High-Tech by the shape of the components used.

Architecture ● Hi-tech architecture is symbolized by

the Pompidou Centre (multi-cultural
complex) designed by Renzo Piano
1970 onwards and Richard Rogers
-structural system, mechanical
systems, and circulation exposed on
the exterior of the building.
High-Tech
Architecture
1970 onwards
 ● Geodesic dome at the USA
High-Tech Pavilion (Expo 67, Montreal)
by Buckminster Fuller.
Architecture -enclosed structure of steel
and acrylic cells
1970 onwards
Deconstructivism
1980-2000
 ● An iconic style of three-dimensional
postmodernist art,

● Characterized by non-rectilinear
shapes which distort the geometry of
the structure,

● facilitated by the use of design

Deconstructivism software

● Frank O. Gehry- Guggenheim

1980-2000 Museum, Bilbao

● Rem Koolhaas- Seattle Public Library

Blobitecture
1990s
 ● A style of postmodernist architecture
characterized by organic, rounded, bulging
shapes

● heavily dependent on the use of CATID

Blobitecture software

• The Sage Gateshead (2004) by Norman

Foster.- Its ceiling panels may be raised
1990s and lowered and curtains drawn across the
ribbed wooden side walls, changing the
sound profile of the room to suit any type
of music.

• Philological Library, Free University, Berlin

(2005) by Norman Foster. (shape of human
brain)
Late 20th-Century Supertall Towers
 ● Burj Kalifa, UAE (828)
● Shanghai Tower, Ch
Late 20th-Century ● Makkah Royal Clock Tower,
SA
Supertall Towers ● Freedom Tower, NY
● Taipei 1o1, Taiwan
● Shanghai World Financial
Center, Ch
● Intl Commerce Center, HK
● Petronas Towers, KL Mal
● Zifeng Tower, Ch
● Sears Tower, Chicago
 ● RENAISSANCE, BAROQUE, LATE 20th
FINAL CENTURY ARCHITECTURE

EXAMINATION ●
●
40 items
60 minutes
● 1 attempt
JUNE 9, 2021
WEDNESDAY ● Immediately send a screenshot for
10:00-11:00 AM any technical issues.
● Notify ahead of time if cannot take
the exam on the given schedule.
THANK YOU!