Unit 6

Networking & the Internet

 Visualization of a portion of the
routes on the Internet

Computers have been 1 used to coordinate information in

multiple locations since the 1950s, with the U.S. military's
SAGE system the first large-scale example of such a
system, which led to a number of special-purpose
commercial systems like
5 Sabre.

In the 1970s, computer engineers at research institutions

throughout the United States began to link their computers together using
telecommunications technology. This effort was funded by ARPA (now DARPA), and the
computer network that it produced was called the ARPANET. The technologies that made the
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Arpanet possible spread and evolved. In time, the network spread beyond academic and
military institutions and became known as the Internet. The emergence of networking
involved a redefinition of the nature and boundaries of the computer.

Computer operating systems and applications were modified to include the ability to define
and access the resources of other computers on the network, such as peripheral devices,
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stored information, and the like, as extensions of the resources of an individual computer.
Initially these facilities were available primarily to people working in high-tech environments,
but in the 1990s the spread of applications like e-mail and the World Wide Web, combined
with the development of cheap, fast networking technologies like Ethernet and ADSL saw
computer networking become almost ubiquitous. In fact, the number of computers that are
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networked is growing phenomenally. A very large proportion of personal computers regularly

connect to the Internet to communicate and receive information. "Wireless" networking, often
utilizing mobile phone networks, has meant networking is becoming increasingly ubiquitous
even in mobile computing environments.
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A. Main Idea

Which of the statements below best expresses the main idea of second paragraph? Why did
you eliminate the other choices?
1. Computer network that called the ARPANET.
2. Technologies that made the Arpanet possible spread and evolved.
3. The early use of networking in United States.

B. Understanding the text

Decide whether the following ideas are true or false (T/F) by referring to the text.

T F
1. Computers have been used to coordinate information long before 1950s.
2. SAGE system is the first large-scale example of computer networking.
3. Sabre system is an example of a commercial networking system.
4. ARPA is the former name of DARPA.
5. The ARPANET is older than SAGE system.
6. Internet was a limited networking unit of computers.
7. Networking allows a computer to access other computers that included in a
network.
8. Ethernet and ADSL have little contribution for the spread of computer
networking.
9. The number of computers that are networked is rapidly growing.
10. Internet is not limited to Personal Computers (PCs).

C. Contextual reference

Find out what the words in bold typeface refer to by looking back at the text.

1. which led to (l.4) …………………………………

2. to link their computers (l.8) …………………………………
3. network that it (l.9) …………………………………

D. Understanding words

Refer back to the text and find the synonyms for the following words.
1. place (l. 2) ………………………………
2. trade (l. 5) ………………………………
3. connect (l. 8) ………………………………
4. exceed (l. 11) ………………………………
5. characteristic (l. 13) ………………………………

By referring to the text, find the antonyms for the following words.
6. exclude (l. 14) ………………………………
7. finally (l. 17) ………………………………
8. expensive (l. 19) ………………………………
9. shrinking (l. 21) ………………………………
10. stationary (l. 24) ………………………………

E. Content review

Match the words in column A with the words or statements in column B.

A B

1. SAGE system a. computer network produced by ARPA.

2. ARPANET b. the ability to define and access the resources

of other computers on the network.

3. Networking c. networking technologies.

4. e-mail and the World Wide Web d. the first large-scale example of networking.

5. Ethernet and ADSL e. applications for internet.