L1-Getting to Know Information Systems in Business

Information system-combination of users technology & process to achieve goals

Core parts: (1) database (2) program (3) user interface
Area use: government/ business/ management/ e-commerce
Data & information: data= raw facts, information = meaningful data
IS: TPS, MIS, DSS & ESS

Business process: [organized and coordinated to achieve certain purposes]

Specific: (1) functional accounting and financial, human resources
(2) cross functional order fulfillment process

Management group:
(1) Operational management level [routine task, use TPS- daily business transaction]
(2) Middle management level [non-routine decision making, use MIS, DSS]
(3) Senior management level [non-routine decision making]

Enterprise Applications (across functional areas & management level)

Four major enterprise:
(1) Enterprise system
(2) Supply chain management system
(3) Customers relationship management system
(4) Knowledge management system
L2-Information Systems, Organizations, and Strategy
Organization:
Type:
(1) Technical view [take resources from environment & supply]
(2) Behavior view [conflict & conflict solution]
Features:
(1) Structure
(2) Routine & business process [standard operating procedures]
(3) Culture [shares values & assumption]
(4) Politics [different viewpoints-resources, reward & punishment]
(5) Environment [draws recourse & supply] customers & suppliers

IS benefit-
(1) Reduce transaction cost
(2) Agency cost [supervise employment]
(3) Flattening organization structure
(4) Enabling task force-networked organizations

Michael Porter’s Competitive Forces Model

(1) Traditional competitors
(2) Threat of new market entrants
(3) Threat of substitute products and services
(4) Bargaining power of customers [affect products & quality]
(5) Bargaining power of suppliers [affect cost of production]

Competitive Advantage
(1) Low-cost leadership [low cost production & selling at low price]
(2) Product differentiation
(3) Focus on market niche [focus on single market niche]
(4) Strength customers and suppliers intimate [develop strong ties & loyalty]
L3-Business Intelligence in the Enterprise
Decision making (4 stage)
1. Problem discovery [intelligence]
2. Solution discovery [design]
3. Choosing solutions [choice]
4. Solution testing [implement]

Business intelligence
Major element:
(1) Data from business environment
(2) BI infrastructure
(3) BA toolset
(4) Managerial users & methods
(5) Delivery platform MIS, DSS, ESS
(6) User interface
Functionalities: [how BI show]
(1) Production report
(2) Parameterized report
(3) Ad hoc query and search
(4) Forecast and senior modeling [show trend]
(5) Drill down [show summary]
(6) Dashboard and scorecard [show actual and goal]
Analytic: predictive analytics / big data analytics / location analytics

Group decision-support system [GDSS]

Group work out solutions of unstructured problem.
L4-
Enterprise resource planning
Feature:
1. integrated software modules
2. central database
3. Collect and consolidate data from different business processes and functional areas
4. Support real-time sharing through organization
Implementing
1. select
2 map
3. Customize
Business Value
1. Operational efficiency and enterprise agility
2. Improved decision making

Supply chain
Supply chain
[a network of organizations and business processes that work together to create
products or services needed by end customers]
Supply chain management
[integrate and manage the flow of goods, services, and information through the supply
chain]
Response to customer needs while lower total costs
Issues
1. Uncertainty and unforeseen events [safety stock]
2. Bullwhip effect
3. Added challenges in global supply chains
Supply chain management (SCM) systems
[Automate the flow of information between an organization and its supply chain
partners]
Classification:
1. Supply chain planning systems 2. Supply chain execution systems
Business Value:
1. Shift from push-based (build-to-stock) to pullbased (build-to-order) supply
chain models
2. Shift from push-based (build-to-stock) to pullbased (build-to-order) supply
chain models
Customer relationship management:
[coordinate all business processes related to an organization’s interactions with its
customer]
Optimize customer satisfaction and retention