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Soil Stabilization
14
Apr, 2020
Soil Stabilization
Soil Stabilization is the process of improving the engineering properties of the soil and thus making it more stable. It is require when
the soil available for construction is not suitable for the intend purpose. In its broadest senses, stabilization includes compaction, pre
consolidation, drainage and many other such processes. However, the term stabilization is generally restrict to the processes which
alter the soil material itself for improvement of its properties. A cementing material or a chemical is add to a natural soil for the
purpose of stabilization.
The various methods of soil stabilization and their effects on the engineering properties of the soils.
Mechanical Stabilization.
Cement Stabilization.
Lime Stabilization.
Bituminous Stabilization.
Thermal Stabilization.
Chemical Stabilization.
Electrical Stabilization.
Stabilization by Grouting.
Stabilization by Geo textile and Fabrics.
Reinforce Earth. Mechanical Stabilization
It is the process of improving the properties of the soil by changing its gradation. Two or more types of natural soils are mix to obtain
a composite material which is superior to any of its components. To achieve the desire grading, sometimes the soils with coarse
particles are add or the soils with fine particles are remove. It is also refer as granular stabilization.
For the purpose of mechanical stabilization, the soils are subdivide into two categories :
Aggregates ( particles larger than 75 micron )
Binder ( particles smaller than 75 micron ) Cement Stabilization
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10/3/2022 Soil Stabilization Methods and Materials of stabilization
Cement Stabilization is do by mixing pulverize soil and Portland cement with water and compacting the mix to attain a strong
material. The material obtain by mixing soil and cement is refer as soil cement. The soil cement becomes a hard and durable
structure material as the cement hydrates and develops strength.
Lime Stabilization
Lime stabilization is do by adding lime to a soil. It is useful for stabilization of clayey soils. When lime reacts with soil, there is exchange
of cations in the absorb water layer and a decrease in plasticity of the soil occurs. The resulting material is more friable than the
original clay, and is, therefore, more suitable as sub grade
Lime is produce by burning of lime stone in kilns. The quality of lime obtain depends upon the parent material and the production
process. There are basically 5 types of limes.
The Quick lime is more effective as stabilizer than the hydrate lime; but the latter is more safe and convenient to handle. Generally,
the hydrate lime is use. It is also refer as slaked lime.
Bituminous Stabilization
Bitumen are non aqueous systems of hydrocarbons that are soluble in carbon di-sulfide. Tars are obtain by the destructive
distillation of organic materials such as coal. Asphalts are materials in which the primary components are natural or refine petroleum
bitumen.
The amount of bitumen require generally varies between 4 to 7 % by weight. The actual amount is determine by trail.
Soil bitumen
Sand bitumen
Water Proof Clay concrete
Oil earth Soil bitumen
This is water proof, cohesive soil system. The best results are obtain if the soil satisfies the following criteria.
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10/3/2022 Soil Stabilization Methods and Materials of stabilization
Sand bitumen
This is a bitumen stabilize cohesion less soil system. The sand should be free from vegetal matter or lumps of clay. The sand may
require filler for its mechanical stability. However, it should not contain more than 25 % minus No. 200 sieve material ( i.e. the material
finer than No. 200 sieve ) for dune sands and not more than 12 % in case in other types of sand.
Oil earth
In this system, a soil surface consisting of silt clay material is made water proof by spraying bitumen in two or three applications. Slow
or medium curing bitumen or emulsions are use. The bitumen penetrates only a short depth into the soil. The amount of bitumen
require is about 5 litres per square meter of the soil surface.
Chemical Stabilization
In chemical stabilization, soils are stabilize by adding different chemicals. The main advantage of chemical stabilization is that
setting time and curing time can be control. Chemical stabilization is however generally more expensive than other types of
stabilization.
Calcium chloride
Sodium chloride
Sodium silicate
Polymers
Chrome Lignin
Other Chemicals Thermal Stabilization
It change causes a mark improvement in the properties of the soil. Thermal stabilization is do either by heating the soil or by cooling
it.
Heating :- As the soil is heat, its water content decreases. Electric repulsion between clay particles is decrease and the strength of the
soil is increase. When the temperature is increase to more than 100 degree celsius, the absorb water is driven off and the strength is
further increase.
Freezing :- Cooling causes a small loss of strength of clayey soils due to an increase in inter particle repulsion. However, if the
temperature is reduce to the freezing point, the pore water freezes and the soil is stabilize. Ice so form acts as a cementing agent.
Stabilization by grouting
In this method of stabilization, stabilizers are introduce by injection into the soil. As the grouting is always do under pressure, the
stabilizers with high viscosity are suitable only for soils with high permeability. This method is not suitable for stabilizing clay because
of their very low permeability.
The grouting method is costlier as compare with direct blending methods. The method is suitable for stabilizing buried zones of
relatively limit extent, such as pervious stratum below a dam. The method is use to improve the soil that cannot be disturb. An area
close to an existing building can be stabilize by this method.
Cement grouting
Clay grouting
Chemical grouting
Chrome lignin grouting
Polymer grouting
Types of Grouting Bituminous grouting
Reinforce Earth
The soil can be stabilize by introducing thin strips in it. In reinforce earth, thin metal strips or strips of wire or Geo synthetics are use as
reinforcement to reinforce the soil. The essential feature of the reinforce earth is that friction develops between the reinforcement and
the soil. By means of friction, the soil transfer the forces built up in the earth mass to the reinforcement. Thus tension develops in the
reinforcements when the soil mass is subject to share stresses under loads.
A N dehury says:
14/04/2020 at 11:03 pm
Good material
Pooja says:
15/04/2020 at 10:19 am
Awesome
It is good concepts
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