Investigación de Operaciones

Universidad Autónoma de
Nuevo León

Facultad de Contaduría Pública y

Administración

Introduction to operations research

Docente:

Ing. Alejandro Vladimir Lara Mendoza

Alumnos:
Adrian Ramirez Arredondo____________________________1756189
Diego González Castellanos____________________________1952118
Jesús Orlando Romo Saavedra__________________________1966240
Genaro Garza Acuña__________________________________1928196
Eliud Uriel Flores Hernandez____________________________1742376
Introduction to operations research

Since we face the Industrial Revolution, the world was witness of a big change, a
big growth in the economy.
An important part of this revolutionary change is the huge increase in the division
of labor and separation of management responsibilities in these organizations.
The results are amazing. However, in addition to these benefits, increased
specialization has also brought new problems that still exist in many organizations.
One is that some components of organizations tend to be relatively autonomous
empires with their own goals and value systems; thus, they ignore how their
activities and goals align with those of the organization. Often, what is best for one
component is bad for another, so their behavior can lead to conflicting goals.
A related issue is that as complexity and specialization increases, it becomes more
difficult to allocate available resources to different activities in the most efficient
way for the entire organization. These types of problems and the need to find the
best way to solve them created the environment for the rise of operations research
Historically, the origin of Operations Research was during World War II when the
US and British Armed Forces sought the help of scientists to solve complex and
very difficult strategic and tactical problems of warfare, such as making make
mines harmless or increase the efficiency of air anti-submarine warfare, etc.
Distinguish the research done to integrate radar technology into air combat
operations from the research and development that takes place in laboratories and
workshops. In early 1941, such research was found to have operational value for
ordinary military decision-making. to conduct investigations directly in support of
high-level officials.
This work largely involved the collection and analysis of evidence to determine if
the tactics and practices could be offset. Little involved mathematical models. In
the mid-1950s, as operations research took on the mantle of a profession, it began
to adopt a variety of emerging mathematical methods into its methodology, such as
linear programming, inventory theory, search theory, and theorem theory. of
queues
As we learned before, Operations Research is a scientific method that uses
mathematical techniques to acquire the right decisions for a problem that we face,
it's used to provide aid to those who struggle in their decision-making that manage
any large organization. While the primary purpose of the operations research is to
improve the performance of any existing system, these types of techniques have
their benefits and disadvantages, some of these benefits are:
Amplified Productivity, the operations research helps in improving the
productivity of the organization, this provides a significant amount of information to
the managers before making an important decision, it could also help in making
any small decisions, the size doesn't matter, its purpose is to help improve the
productivity and solve problems.
It also improves the coordination of an organization because it focuses on the
entire organization rather to just one department, it will help increase cooperation
between different departments and employees of any organization.
As a result, managers will know what they need to accomplish to attain the
organization's common goal.
The operations research will also allow you to control and measure your
employees' performance and compare it to previous or worse performances. It
will also provide information about the expected outcome that you will have while
using this system, including in-depth knowledge about any specific action that
requires improvement.
Now we will discuss some of the downsides, but keep in mind that these
disadvantages will not affect all firms that use this system.
The first and most significant disadvantage is the high cost of implementation;
because operations research is based on mathematical equations, it necessitates
expensive technology to develop them, as well as professionals to perform such
calculations.
Most organizations will face this issue, in which they will have a tough time
applying operations research. This typically occurs when a business is unable to
obtain a realistic result, which may be resolved by making changes to the
solutions.
Throughout history, it is common to find a close collaboration between scientists
and the military in order to dictate the optimal decision in battle and try to obtain
victory. This is why many experts in the field consider the beginning of Operations
Research in the third century B.C.,
The exact origin of Operations Research is not fully established. Some authors
postulate that Charles Babbage (1791-1871) is the father of Operations Research
due to his contribution to the investigation of transport costs and mail classification
systems in England's universal Penny Post in the year 1840.
However, Operations Research as a discipline is usually considered to formally
originate during World War II (WWII) in the efforts of English military planners and
scientists to support analytically based decision-making processes of warfare. And
quantitative. The goal was to discover the most efficient way to use limited military
resources through the application of quantitative techniques.
In this context, the Diet Problem was one of the first optimization problems studied
in the period from 1930 to 1940. The American armed forces wanted to provide a
healthy diet to their soldiers and at the same time minimize the cost associated
with its provision. The premise was food is a supply (ammunition), do not waste it!
One of the first researchers to study the problem was George Stigler who made a
conjecture of the optimal solution through the use of a heuristic method. Once
World War II ended, the concepts of Operations Research were applied in other
contexts related to business, industry and society. In the 1950s, Operations
Research evolved into a profession, beginning to form the first national societies in
the area, along with the birth of specialized journals and academic departments in
universities.
Like all scientific advances, Operational Research began with military objectives.
However, seeing its advantages, it was soon practiced in other fields such as
industry, transport, urban planning, commerce, finance, health, etc. to optimize the
available resources and obtain benefits, mainly economic. An example is
The United States (USA), upon joining the War in 1942, began to apply Operations
Research techniques militarily, and a few years later, in 1947, formed a task force
dedicated to improving large-scale planning processes: the SCOOP project
(Scientific Computation Of Optimum Programs). George Bernard Dantzig was
working in this group, who developed in 1947 the algorithm of the Simplex method.
From that moment on, operations research has been used by companies to solve
resource optimization problems and problems in the workplace. That is, they apply
scientific methods, procedures, and mathematical techniques. Statistical analysis
can also be used to look at areas or functions that may be problematic, analyze
strategies and propose a solution.
Conclusions
Diego González Castellanos
While working on this essay, I learned more about how operations research is used
to solve any complex problem related to decision-making in any organization or
business using mathematical systems and analysis, which is used in a variety of
fields including agriculture, production, and business management. Operations
research also has advantages that make it easier to improve a company's
management styles.
I at least can say that the operations research system is going to be very helpful for
my future since it will make the job that I will have, easier to make the best decision
and help me obtain the best result under any given circumstance.

Jesús Orlando Romo Saavedra

In conclusion, I can add that Operations Research is important today because it
improves efficiency in the use of resources and promotes better decision making. It
is surprising to remember that this was only formally developed during World War
II, when extremely useful results through analysis and understanding instead of a
heavy calculation, it is important to know how to use it in our daily lives since it is a
methodological tool with a quantitative approach that allows us to make different
decisions

Genaro Garza Acuña

Operations research became an important tool for all areas to reach optimal
solutions as seen in the history of the industrial revolution, it was an important
element for organizations for their development and growth. It can be concluded
that Operations Research is the use of mathematics and computer science to solve
real-world problems, making the right decisions that guarantee the success of an
objective.
It’s most important contribution is the application of its result for decision making at
low, medium and higher administrative levels, “Operations Research is the science
of rational decision making, and the study, design, and integration of complex
situations and systems, with the goal of predicting system behavior and improving
or optimizing system performance.
Eliud Uriel Flores Hernández
Operations Research is the science of rational decision making, and the study,
design, and integration of complex situations and systems, with the goal of
predicting system behavior and improving or optimizing system performance.
Operations research is a method that is dedicated to the application of advanced
analytical disciplines to help in problem solving and decision making, being useful
in the management of organizations. That is, it is devoted to establishing the
highest values of some real-world goal: the maximum of profit, performance, or
return, or the minimum of loss, cost, or risk.
It allows companies to make decisions considering the resources they have, with
the purpose of minimizing costs or maximizing income. It is used to make relevant
managerial and administrative decisions for a company using the scientific method
to solve problems.

Bibliografía:
https://www.gestiondeoperaciones.net/programacion_lineal/historia-de-la-
investigacion-de-operaciones/
https://economipedia.com/definiciones/investigacion-de-operaciones.html
http://www.phpsimplex.com/casos_reales.htm