I.

Rationale
Educational Technology is a combination of two terms education and technology.
Education refers to the process of bringing up or leading out the inherent potentialities from the
pupil. It is the process by which the knowledge, skills and attitude are transmitted to the
members of the community.

            Technology refers to the techniques as well as technical contrivances which enhance a
process. It is a systematic way of applying the techniques to achieve an objective. Therefore,
Educational Technology can be defined as the systematic application of technology in the field
of education. Like any other term, Educational Technology has been defined variously.
According to G.O.M. Leith, Educational Technology is the application of scientific knowledge
about learning and the conditions of learning to improve the effectiveness and efficiency of
teaching and learning.

II. Specific Learning Outcomes

At the end of the lesson, the students should be able to:
1. To be familiarize with the different computer programs;
2. To know the uses of the computer as ICT in Education;
3. To distinguish the difference between instructional media and educational
communication media;
4. Compare and contrast the constructivism and social constructivism learning theories;
5. Differentiate the constructivist and the social constructivist paradigms of learning;
6. Identify the computer capabilities;

III. Pretest
A. Write TRUE if the Statement Affirms; otherwise, write FALSE and CHANGE the
underlined word(s) or ideas with the correct one. (Use a separate sheet for this)
1. Information Age is so dynamic that within the first decade of the 21 st century,
computer technology in education has matured to transform into an educative
information and communication technology (ICT) in education.
2. Audiovisual media comprise the media of communication to audiences including
learners using the print, film, radio, television or satellite means of communication.
3. Communication media consist of audio-visual aids that served to enhance and enrich
the teaching-learning process.
B. Answer the following:
1. In your own perspective, what is constructivism?

IV. Materials
Reading Articles, Internet Connection, Laptop/Smartphone

V. Learning Activities
Lesson 1: Computers as Information Communication Technology

In the Educational Technology Course 1, it was pointed out that the advent of computer is
recognized as the third revolution in education. The first was the invention of the printing press;
the second, the introduction of libraries; and the third, the invention of the computer, especially
so with the advent of the microcomputer in 1975. Thus emerged computer technology in
education. Through computer technology, educators saw the amplification of learning along
computer literacy. Much like reading, the modern student can now interact with the computer
messages. Even respond to questions or to computer demands. Again like writing, the learner
can form messages using computer language or program.

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 Soon computer-assisted instruction (CAI) was
introduced using the principle of individualized
learning through a positive climate that includes
realism and appeal with drill exercises that uses
color, music and animation. The evolving pace of
innovation in today’s Information Age is so dynamic
that within the first decade of the 21st century,
computer technology in education has matured to
transform into an educative information and
communication technology (ICT) in education.

THE PERSONAL COMPUTER (PC) AS ICT

Until the nineties, it was still possible to

distinguish between instructional media and the
educational communication media.

Instructional media consist of audio-visual

aids that served to enhance and enrich the
teaching-learning process. Examples are the
blackboard, photo, film, and video.

On the other hand, educational

communication media comprise the media of
communication to audiences including learners
using the print, film, radio, television or satellite
means of communication. For example, distance
learning were implemented using correspondence, radio, television or the computer satellite
system.

Close to the turn of the 21st century, however, such a distinction merged owing to the
advent of the microprocessor, also known as the personal computer (PC). This is due to the fact
that the PC user at home, office and school has before him/her a tool for both audio-visual
creations and media communication.

To illustrate, let’s examine the programs (capabilities) normally installed in an ordinary

modern PC:
 Microsoft Office – program for composing text, graphics, photos into letters, articles,
reports, etc.
 Power-point – for preparing lecture presentations
 Excel – for spreadsheets and similar graphic sheets
 Internet Explorer – access to the Internet
 Yahoo or Google – websites; e-mail, chat rooms, blog sites, new service (print/video)
educational software etc.
 Adobe Reader – graphs/photo composition and editing
 MSN – mail/chat messaging
 Windows media player – CD, VCD player
 Cyberlink Power – DVD player
 Windows media player – editing film/video

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  GameHouse – video games
Task:
Visit the Google website, research about the computer programs mentioned above. Get
a short description and pictures/graphics on each program. Make a Power-point presentation of
it using some effects on the slideshow. Then, record or video yourself while discussing what you
have presented in the power-point. Lastly, you will send the video and the power-point
presentation through in this email profed225git@gmail.com
Don’t forget to send your complete name, course, year and section.

Lesson 2: The Computer as the Teacher’s Tool

Constructivism was introduced by Jean Piaget (1981) and Bruner (1990). They gave
stress to knowledge discovery of new meaning/concepts/principles in the learning process.
Various strategies have been suggested to foster knowledge discovery, among these, is making
students engaged in gathering unorganized information from which they can induce ideas and
principles. Students are also asked to apply discovered knowledge to new situations, a process
for making their knowledge applicable to real life situations.

While knowledge is constructed by the individual learner in constructivism, knowledge

can also be socially constructed. Social Constructivism is the effort to show that the
construction of knowledge is governed by social, historical and cultural contexts. In effect, this is
to say that the learner who interprets knowledge has a predetermined point of view according to
the social perspectives of the community or society he lives in.

The psychologist Vygotsky stressed that learning is affected by social influences. He

suggested the interactive process in learning. A more capable adult (teacher or parent) can aid
or complement what the learner sees in a given tasks or project. In addition, John Dewey sees
language as medium for social coordination and adaptation. For Dewey, human learning is
really human languaging that occurs when students socially share, build and agree upon
meanings and knowledge.

The Computer’s Capabilities

 
Informative Tool

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 The computer can provide vast amounts of information in various forms, such as text,
graphics, sound, and video. Even multimedia encyclopedias are today available on the internet.

Communication Tool
The computer has been used in communication as evident by social networking sites as
to Facebook, twitter and Friendster. We can even chat/talk friends and families anywhere in the
globe through yahoo messenger or the one in Facebook or view them through the webcam. We
can send messages and information through the internet in just seconds or minutes.

Constructive Tool
The computer itself can be used for manipulating information, visualizing one’s
understanding, and building new knowledge. The Microsoft Word computer program itself is
desktop publishing software that allows users to organize and present their ideas in attractive
formats.

Co-constructive Tool
Students can use constructive tools to work cooperatively and construct a shared
understanding of new knowledge. One way of co-construction is the use of the electronic
whiteboard where students may post notices to a shared document/whiteboard. Students may
also co-edit the same document from their homes.

Situating Tool
By means of virtual reality (RS) extension systems, the computer can create 3-D images
on display to give the user the feeling that are situated in a virtual environment. A flight
simulation program is an example of a situating tool which places the user in simulated flying
environment.

Task:
Write your answer in a separate sheet of paper. Make sure your handwriting must be
readable and neat. Avoid erasures
1. What do you say if teachers ask you to gather and memorize information from the
Internet? The idea is to prepare you for objective tests, which are the main evaluation
tool of your teacher for his/her classes?

VI. Post-Test
Write your answer in a separate sheet of paper. Make sure your handwriting must be
readable and neat. Avoid erasures.

A. Make a short reaction paper or discussion about the capabilities of the PC in education
on the following issues:
1. Intellectual property rights (pirating)
2. Pornography using the Internet
3. Pyramiding scam using the Internet
4. Gaming or lottery

B. Teachers are told not to use the computer as a Situating Tool if a pre-school child, for
example, can actually play-and-build using actual Logo blocks. Can you name other
situations in which actual, physical and hands-on activities can be more productive than
computer activities?

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VII. Reference

Lucido, Paz I. (2012). Educational Technology 2. Second edition. Lorimar Publishing,

Inc.

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