In partial fulfillment of the requirements in

NATIONAL SERVICE TRAINING PROGRAM 201

Of Holy Trinity University

Puerto Princesa City

DISASTER MANAGEMENT AND PREPAREDNESS

By:
Basadre, Mary Grace
Chou, Icon
Dela Rama, Charlyn Mae
Ganay, Yna Marie
Garcellano, Ma.Hyacinth
Gonoz, Anwar Macmond
Sadang, Julie Hope
San Jose, Rene John
Sasuman, Georgia Judith
Tambalo, Liza Mae

Submitted to:
MR. ROLANDO N. BUSTAMANTE, PAFR
Instructor
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page

Title Page i

Table of Contents ii

Doxology 1

Introduction Of The Reporters 3

Rebus Puzzle 4

SCRIPT OF THE REPORT

Introduction of the groupmates 7

Reading of Objectives 7
What is the difference between a hazard and a risk? 8
Disaster, Disaster Formulation and two types of disaster
Disaster Risk Profile in the Philippines
Disaster management cycle
Preparedness: The whole Community
First Aid
Thoughts of the day
Asking of questions

Insights or Conclusions

References

ii
 DOXOLOGY
Grace
By: Laura Story

My heart is so proud
My mind is so unfocused
I see the things You do through me
As great things I have done
And now You gently break me
Then lovingly You take me
And hold me as my father
And mold me as my maker

I ask you, "How many times will you pick me up

When I keep on letting you down?"
And each time I will fall short of Your glory
How far will forgiveness abound?
And You answer, "My child, I love you
And as long as you're seeking My face
You'll walk in the power of My daily sufficient grace"

At times, I may grow weak

And feel a bit discouraged
Knowing that someone
Somewhere could do a better job
For who am I to serve You?
I know I don't deserve You
And that's the part that burns in my heart
And keeps me hanging on

I ask you, "How many times will you pick me up

When I keep on letting you down?"
And each time I will fall short of Your glory
How far will forgiveness abound?
And You answer, "My child, I love you
And as long as you're seeking My face
You'll walk in the power of My daily sufficient grace"

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 You are so patient with me, Lord
As I walk with You, I'm learning
What Your grace really means
The price that I could never pay
Was paid at Calvary
So, instead of trying to repay You
I'm learning to simply obey You
By giving up my life to You
For all that You've given to me

I ask you, "How many times will you pick me up

When I keep on letting you down?"
And each time I will fall short of Your glory
How far will forgiveness abound?
And You answer, "My child, I love you
And as long as you're seeking My face
You'll walk in the power of My daily sufficient grace"

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 INTRODUCTION OF THE REPORTERS

Sasuman, Georgia Judith Dela Rama, Charlyn

Prayer Basadre, Grace Ganay, Yna Marie
Preparedness:
Reading of objectives Thoughts of the day Preparedness
The whole
What’s the difference Asking of Questions : The whole
community
between a hazard and a community
risk

Garcellano, Ma. Hyacinth San Jose, Rene John Gonoz, Anwar Macmond Chou, Icon
Disaster risk of the First Aid Disaster Management MC
Philippines Cycle Introduction of
Disaster
the members
Management
Rebus Puzzle

Sadang, Julie Tambalo, Liza Mae

Disaster, disaster Disaster, disaster
formulation and two formulation and two
types of disaster types of disaster

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 REBUS PUZZLE

MC (Icon):
Good Afternoon sir and to my classmates! Before we proceed to our reporting
for today, we prepared a few Rebus puzzle for you to answer. May I please have
everyone’s attention.

For those who are not familiar with rebus puzzle, it’s a game of guessing
words in symbol, letters, numbers, and random pictures to represent a word, phrase or
idiom.

First is this one, can someone raise a

hand? Or if not I will just call someone

Thank you. Yes correct. Overseas travel is

the correct answer.

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 Second rebus puzzle is? Who would want
to answer?

Correct, for once in my life is the answer.

And we’ll go down with another one rebus
puzzle.

For the third one, can someone please

answer?

Yes thank you, We have first aid.

Next is

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This is? Who wants to volunteer?

Correct, Forgive and forget. Thank you

For the last puzzle, raise a hand to answer

Thank you, you’re correct. It’s try to

understand.

Thank you for those who participated on our activity as well as to those who listen.
And next we will carry on with the presentation. Listen and take down notes if you
will. Thank you!

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 SCRIPT OF THE REPORT

MC (Icon): We are the Group 10, and are going to report the lesson 10 which is The
Disaster Management and Preparedness. I hereby introduce myself and the reporters.
My name is Icon Chou, and will take part as MC. Next is Georgia Sasuman, for
leading the prayer, reporting the objectives, and what are the difference between a
hazard and a risk. To follow with Julie Sadang and Liza Mae Tambalo who are
tasked to report Disaster, Disaster Formulation and The two types of disaster . Next is
Ma. Hyacinth Garcellano to explain further about Disaster Risk Profile of the
Philippines. Then Anwar Macmond Gonoz for Disaster Management Cycle,. The next
reporters would be Charlyn Dela Rama and Yna Marie Ganay with a topic of
Preparedness: The whole community. In addition, there is Rene John San Jose who
are incharge in First Aid. And Lastly we have Grace Basadre who are assigned to do
the following; Thoughts of the day and asking of questions. We are the group 10.
Shall we go on with the first reporter? Miss Georgia please proceed.

READING OF OBJECTIVES AND WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN

A HAZARD AND A RISK
Reporter (Georgia):

So, before we proceed to the main discussion of the topic, let us first identify
the objectives for this leson. The first objective is to Determine the difference between
a ‘Hazard and a 'Risk. Next is to Define the term Disaster and Identify its Elements.
So, disaster is a combination of these three elements, and we will know that later.
Next objective is to Identify the Different Types of Disaster. So, we can discuss the
two types of disaster, and also its subtypes. Another is to Define the four Phases of
Disaster Management Cycle. Then, to Identify the Disaster Preparedness Roles &
Responsibilities of Community Members. This is for the part of community
preparedness. And for the last objective, to Understand more about First Aid.

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 What is the difference between a "Hazard" and a "Risk"? These two are often
said to be the same thing. Sometimes it is said that hazard is a risk, and risk is a
hazard. However, there is a difference between the terms hazard and risk. So what
exactly is the difference between these two terms?

So there is a short video here that explains the difference between hazard and risk.

A hazard is something that can cause harm. While the risk is the chance, may
be high or low chance, that any hazard will actually cause somebody harm. In my
understanding, the hazard is really there, it cannot be removed. While the risk may
depend on the circumstances or the situation, 'cause it's a chance. Based on the video
we watched earlier, examples were given like the hammer is a hazard, and it will be a
risk when used. Or the bleach that is placed or hidden on the shelf is considered as a
hazard. But if it is drunk, the hazard will be a risk. Another example is driving a
vehicle. Vehicle is a hazard. When you drive the vehicle, now it is a risk because
there is still a chance that an accident will occur. And let's say that you are not
wearing a seat belt, with that, the risk will increase.

Hazard could be something or anything that is a threat. Risk is the possibility

of getting harmed, and it is usually identified as high or low risk. So when an action is
taken or there is exposure to a hazard, the hazard may change or transform into risk.

So, to be clear, the difference between hazard and risk is that – Hazard is the source of
potential harm. Risk is the chance of danger.

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 So there is a quote here that "All disasters are hazards, but all hazards are not
disasters." As we all know, disasters are progressive or sudden events and it is by
natural or human-induced. And yes, all disasters are threats. But it does not mean that
all hazards are considered as disasters. Hazards could cause harm, but disasters are
hazards that cause losses. So, I hope we got the difference between hazard and risk.
So let us move on to the next slide so that we can better understand the topic about
disaster.

MC (Icon): Well said Ms. Georgia for showing us a broad knowledge about hazard
and risk. For our next reporters. Ms. Julie and Ms. Liza for disaster formulation and
two types of disaster. Please do so.

DISASTER, DISASTER FORMULATION AND TWO TYPES OF DISASTER

Reporter (Julie):

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Reporter (Liza):

For us to know if an event or phenomenon is a disaster, when these several

elements are present, namely hazards, exposure and vulnerability. To make it easier
for us to understand the equation (H x E x V= D), let's give an example. For example,
there was an occurrence of earthquakes in two different places, one happened in the
desert and the other one was in the City. Now, the question is which one is the
disaster and the hazards? The earthquake that happened in the desert is what we called
a hazard, and the disaster happened in the City.

Why? What is the difference between hazards and disasters? Hazard is a

dangerous phenomenon, substance, human activity or condition that may cause or has
the potential to cause: loss of life, injury or other health impacts, property damage,
loss of livelihoods and services, social and economic disruption and environmental
damage. When the potential for damage is fulfilled, a hazard becomes a disaster. A
disaster occurs when a hazard causes harm to human life and property.

Also a disaster is defined as a natural or man-made occurrence that has a

negative effect on life, property, livelihood, or industry, and usually result in long-
term changes to human communities, ecosystems, and the environment. Furthermore,
exposure and vulnerability is alongside the hazards. The present of exposure and
vulnerability should be also present to called one phenomena a disaster. The Exposure
are the people, property, systems, or other things exposed in hazard zones face
possible losses. And vulnerability is defined as the characteristics and circumstances
of a community, system or asset that make it susceptible to the damaging effects of a
hazard. Vulnerability is a set of prevailing or consequential conditions arising from
various physical, social, economic and environmental factors which increase the
susceptibility of a community to the impact of hazards. Vulnerability also comprises

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various physical, social, economic, political and environmental factors that affect the
ability of communities to respond to events.

There are two types of Disaster, the Natural Disaster and the Man-Made
Disaster. According to the International Federation of Red Cross & Red Crescent
Societies Natural Disasters (IFRC) are naturally occurring physical phenomena
caused either by rapid or slow onset events that have immediate impacts on human
health and secondary impacts causing further death and suffering.

The following are example of Natural Disaster:

Geophysical -Earthquakes, Landslides, Tsunami and Volcanic Activity

Hydrological -Avalanches and Floods

Climatology -Extreme Temperature, Drought, and Wildfires

Meteorological -Cyclones and Storms/Wave Surges

Biology -Disease, Epidemics and Insects/Animal Plagues

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 DISASTER RISK PROFILE OF THE PHILIPPINES
Reporter (Ma.Hyacinth):

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 DISASTER MANAGEMENT CYCLE
Reporter (Anwar):

Hello po, My name is Anwar Macmond P. Gonoz, and today I’m going to
discuss about the Disaster Management Cycle.

As we can see, it stated that it’s a series of step that organizations and individuals use
to prepare, contain and mitigate unexpected events. The Disaster management cycle
illustrates the ongoing process by which governments, businesses, and civil
society plan for and reduce the impact of disasters, react during and immediately
following a disaster, and take steps to recover after a disaster has occurred.

The best way to address a disaster is by being proactive. This means

identifying potential hazards and devising safeguards to mitigate their impact.
Although this stage in the cycle involves putting permanent measures into place that
can help minimize disaster risk, it’s important to acknowledge that disasters can’t
always be prevented.

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 Prevention involves scenarios such as the following:
 Implementing an evacuation plan in a school, for example, showing teachers
how to lead students to safety in the event of a tornado or fire
 Planning and designing a city in a way that minimizes the risk of flooding, for
example, with the use of locks, dams or channels to divert water away from
populous areas.

effectively coordinate this cycle, disaster-management leaders must develop a

number of critical skills. The skills necessary for each stage of the cycle are as
follows:

Prevention

strong analytical skills help leaders identify potential threats, hazards and
high-risk areas. Problem-solving abilities are also invaluable in identifying the best
ways to avoid or diminish the likelihood of catastrophic events.

Mitigation

Aims to minimize the loss of human life that would result from a disaster. Both
structural and nonstructural measures may be taken.
 A structural measure means changing the physical characteristics of a building
or an environment to curb the effects of a disaster. For example, clearing trees
away from a house can ensure that dangerous storms don’t knock down the
trees and send them crashing into homes and public buildings.
 Nonstructural measures involve adopting or amending building codes to
optimize safety for all future building construction.
Planning is an important skill during the mitigation stage; the disaster-
management leader will need to develop strategies and structural changes that can
help mediate potential threats. Spreading awareness is also critical, as community
members must be made aware of the steps they can take to prepare for all
contingencies.

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Preparedness

Is an ongoing process in which individuals, communities, businesses and

organizations can plan and train for what they’ll do in the event of a disaster.
Preparedness is defined by ongoing training, evaluating and corrective action,
ensuring the highest level of readiness.

Fire drills, active-shooter drills and evacuation rehearsals are all good
examples of the preparedness stage.

During the preparedness stage, it’s important to be skilled in training people to

respond to disasters. It’s important to stay organized, which is the best way to ensure
readiness. Oral and written communication skills prepare laypeople and emergency-
response personnel for action in worst-case scenarios.

Response

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 Response is what happens after the disaster occurs. It involves both short- and
long-term responses.

Ideally, the disaster-management leader will coordinate the use of resources

(including personnel, supplies and equipment) to help restore personal and
environmental safety, as well as to minimize the risk of any additional property
damage.

During the response stage, any ongoing hazards are removed from the area;
for example, in the aftermath of a wildfire, any lingering fires will be put out, and
areas that pose a high flammability risk will be stabilized.

The ability to quickly make decisions is crucial here, as the response stage is
time-sensitive. Another valuable skill is delegating essential tasks to other volunteers
or emergency responders.

Recovery

This can take a long time, sometimes years or decades. For example, some
areas in New Orleans have yet to fully recover from Hurricane Katrina in 2005. It
involves stabilizing the area and restoring all essential community functions.
Recovery requires prioritization: first, essential services like food, clean water,
utilities, transportation and healthcare will be restored, with less-essential services
being prioritized later.

Ultimately, this stage is about helping individuals, communities, businesses

and organizations return to normal or a new normal depending on the impact of the
disaster.

As disaster-management leaders help their communities recover, the most

essential skills are empathy, understanding and relationship building; indeed, without
earning the trust of the community, any recovery efforts are likely to come up short.

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 PREPAREDNESS: THE WHOLE COMMUNITY
Reporter (Charlyn):

Preparedness must be applied in the Government, public and private sectors,

and neighborhood/individuals and households. So that everyone should know what
they should do when an specific event occurs.

The government should develop and refine emergency operations as soon as

they’ve seen changes or if there’s an adjustment at the said place or town. For they’re
ready and has an up-to-date details to execute the plan.

Responders are obliged to have the qualified abilities to protect the people and
have enough resources for those who are in need amidst the chaos.

When planning, people who has the full responsibility are not the only one
who should be aware to the actions needed to acquire when a threat’s happening.
Everyone in the community must know the plan for if the responders cannot assist all
of them, people in the community can save themselves and help those who needs to
be save.

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 When it comes in tragedy. Never spread wrong informations because that
won’t do you good, just help one another to get through everything, be as one, and do
not be a handful.

Join programs that might help you to lessen the possible events that can harm
you. Be under in training to know how to protect yourself just in case if there’s no one
to help you.

Government emergency service providers include:

Emergency management was tasked to arrange and prepare for the response
when there’s a disaster going on, as well as in recovery state.

Law enforcement is for the order and law. If people got out of hand, that’s
there when will they intervene.

Fire and rescue, when there’s accident involve fire, Fire and rescue will help
you to kill off fires. It can be in forest, subdivisions, or anywhere fire attacks.

Emergency medical services are for those who ill, open-wounds, and provides
preventative medicines.

Public works are inclined with physical activities works. Repairing broken
roads, bridges, and sewages. When a city got problems with public utilities call them,
then expect their presence. And for about weeks or months. It’s finished. Depends on
how big the damage was cost.

Human services are those who provides food, shelter, and counseling after the
disaster. After a tragedy, lot of people has lost their homes, loved ones, and most of
them are hungry. Some can’t survive even a day if human services would not lend a
hand. People might also need someone to talk to after experiencing a trauma that
would cause a big mark on their hearts.

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 FIRST AID
Reporter (Rene):

In order to be prepared in any disaster that may come, one must know how to
save lives by giving first aid. First aid is defined as an Emergency care or treatment
given to an ill or injured person before regular medical aid can be obtained. Therefore
it is an aid that prevents the situation of an injured or ill person from getting worse.

The importance or the goal of giving a first aid is defined as the three (3) P’s.
The first P stands for Preserve which means preserving life of the injured or ill person,
next p stands for Prevent which means prevent deterioration, before any emergency
medical personnel arrive, the patient's condition must be kept stable and must not get
worse. And lastly the third P stands for promote which means promote recovery, after
giving first aid the first aider must immediately improve the patient’s condition by

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boosting its self-esteem to alleviated suffering and take any necessary actions to aid in
the recovery process

Saving lives is not an easy tasks, because the life of an individual is at stake.
Most people are panicking and they don’t know what to do when seeing an injured
person, in order to be an effective first aider they must possess the following; first is a
good first aider must be gentle because his/her body is very vulnerable you don’t want
to add more sufferings. Being gentle includes being calm all the time for you to think
clearly.

Next is being resourceful, accidents can happen anytime whether you are
walking or eating or resting you must be resourceful to produce your own first aid
material aid the patient immediately because one must be quick and should make the
best use of things at hand. Third is being observant, it is very important that you first
see the situation of an injured person in order to know what are the necessary aid must
be done.

Next is a good first aider must be Tactful, after or during an aid the first aider
must tell the patient what is his/her situation. The first aider must give his factual
diagnosis that wont make the patient panicked.

Next characteristic is being emphatic, when a person is injured after giving an

aid the first aider must be comforting in order to alleviate a little suffering and be
comfortable enough to feel that he/she is safe. And finally a good first aider must be
respectable, the first aider must maintain a professional and caring attitude towards
the patient.

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 In giving first aid there are three hindrances; the first one is the unfavorable
surroundings which is very self-explainable by the term “unfavorable” which means
contrary or opposing, that delays an immediate aid to the victim. The following
example of it are Night time, crowded city lights like churches and shopping malls,
busy highways, cold and rainy

The second hindrance in giving a first aid is by the presence of crowds

because since there are many people in there, there are many opinions on what you’re
going to do also they can distract the first aider or the victim. An injured person gets
hard a hard time breathing since there’s a crowd it will worsen its situation. Also, the
presence of an injured person can lead to panicked from the crowd that will harm
more the victim and halt the giving of first aid weather, and lack of necessary material
or helps.

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 The third hindrance from giving a first aid is from the victim itself and/or its relatives. If
the victim is drunk and he will be examine by the first aider he/she will be not cooperative
because of the kick of alcohol in his/her body or mind that leads to a misleading answers. Next is
the hysteria of relatives or the victim due to extreme panic because they saw blood or deep
wounds and a possibility of dying they would exert great pressure on the first aider. The first
aider must always be calm at all times to examine the victim carefully and make actions
accordingly.

THOUGHTS OF THE DAY

Grace Basadre:

Preparation through education is less costly than learning through tragedy.

- Max Mayfield

ASKING OF QUESTIONS

Grace Basadre:

1. For you, what is a disaster?

(Answers may vary from different opinions)

2. What are the two types of disaster?

Answer:
Natural Disaster
Man-made Disaster

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3. Is Disaster management and preparedness important?
(Yes, answers may vary from different opinions)

Explaination for questions:

A.) Disaster is an event or fact that has unfortunate consequences such as an accident or a natural
catastrophe, that causes great damage or loss of life.

B.) The two types of disaster are natural and man-made disaster. Natural disaster large scale
geological or meteorological events that have the potential to cause loss of life or property while
man-made disaster on the other hand catastrophic events that are error involving a failure of a
man-made system.

C.) Disaster Management and Preparedness is important in a country like the Philippines. Since
we are mostly struck by disasters we are not just obliged to know about it. Knowing even a little
about disaster management helps us prepare ourselves for unexpected times, it helps us prepare
ourselves for unexpected times, it helps us to know what to do and what not.

INSIGHTS

Grace Basadre:
Disaster Management Preparedness is essential to our lives. Living in the Philippines
which we can say is a Disaster Prone Country have taught us many lessons about dealing with it.
Being a country prone to disasters either natural or man-made makes us very familiar to disaster
management and preparedness. This helps us to know the depth information about how we can
deal with uncertain phenomenas either natural or man-made disasters. As a student and a citizen,
it is important for us to know about what contributions can we make to the betterment of our
lives especially during times like disasters, we must at least contribute to preventing, and
preparing for those times which makes sense as to why we must implement teachings more about
disaster management and preparedness.

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Georgia Sasuman:
Disasters are huge threats, especially to the life of a living. It has a huge impact on every
human lives. It cause losses, suffering, and even death. Our country, the Philippines is prone to
natural disasters as the land area is along the Pacific Ring of Fire. With that, people should
always be prepared for any disaster that may occur. Filipinos are known to be resilient, and this
also helps them feel lessen the impact of disasters. But there are also formal steps used to
manage and prepare for unexpected events, and this is called the Disaster Management Cycle.
That’s why, human must practice taking care of the living earth in order to at least decrease
impacts of such disasters, particularly the man-made disaster. Some of the practices or things that
people could do is to plant more trees instead of performing deforestation, reduce air pollution,
practice the 3 Rs (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle), and other more ways to become environmentally-
friendly. These acts could also serve as a preparation for possible threats. Disasters are
destructive, but humans are destructive as well. Thus, humans who has the power to act must
show respect, be more responsible, and take accountable for their actions because we don't know
what consequences may come.

Anwar Macmond Gonoz:

Disaster Awareness, Preparedness, And Management, what comes first to our mind when
we hear this? I think about the things that can destroy or destruct something or someone.
Gratefully, through the discussion of this matter, I can easily understand and clarify their
significance and effect on our society. Dividing the topics can easily enlighten the purpose of
each section. Various changes in social life can be caused by disasters. Social changes aren’t
always for the better since they tend to affect population resources (Oliver, 2002). Changes in
disaster study become visible with the theories related to a cultural protection collapse. Our
group started a discussion on how we got the tools in place encountering the act of disasters as
though there was a lack of these tools and no more protection. As a part of the community, the
discussion helps me to know what are the necessary actions or steps that I should do when the
Disaster comes. For example, learning the Disaster Management Cycle teaches us to be prepared
for any threats and impact of all disaster hazards, risks, and vulnerabilities.

Rene John San Jose:

In order to survive from the threats of disaster and also to help others it is very important
that we must know on how to be prepare anytime if a disaster strikes. We must prepare in
advance by preparing our emergency kit all the time and learning first aid, in this way not only
we are prepared but also we can help other people whom are injured and unprepared.

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