Goal Soccer Like Youve Never Seen It Before (DK)

CONTENTS
SECOND EDITION
Editor Jessica Cawthra
US Editor Megan Douglass
Designer Kit Lane
Assistant picture researcher Geetika Bhandari
Jacket Designer Tanya Mehrotra
The beautiful
Producer, pre-production Jacqueline Street-Elkayam
Senior Producer Jude Crozier
game
Additional text Daniel Hooke
FIRST EDITION
Ancient ball games 6
Senior editor Chris Hawkes
Senior art editors Mik Gates, Stefan Podhorodecki
Birth of soccer 8
Editor Suhel Ahmed
Designers David Ball, Chrissy Barnard,
Soccer spreads
Kit Lane, Simon Mumford, Sadie Thomas
Illustrations Adam Benton, Stuart Jackson-Carter,
around the world 10
Jon@kja-artists
Creative retouching Steve Crozier
The modern era 12
Picture research Nic Dean, Surya Sarangi
Senior jacket designer Mark Cavanagh
Women’s soccer 14
Jacket designers Tanya Mehrotra, Suhita Dharamjit
Jacket editor Claire Gell
Overtime 16
Jackets editorial coordinator Priyanka Sharma
DTP designer Rakesh Kumar
Managing jackets editor Saloni Singh
Jacket design development manager Sophia MTT
Consultant Tracey Bourne (Football Studies –
Southampton Solent University; FA Associate tutor)
Producer (pre-production) Jacqueline Street
Senior producer Gary Batchelor
US editors Shannon Beatty, Jenny Siklos
Managing art editor Philip Letsu
Managing editor Francesca Baines
Publisher Andrew Macintyre
Art director Karen Self
Associate publishing director Liz Wheeler
Publishing director Jonathan Metcalf
Play to the
This American Edition 2020 whistle
First American Edition, 2017
Published in the United States by DK Publishing
345 Hudson Street, New York, New York 10014 Laws of the game 20
Copyright © 2017, 2020 Dorling Kindersley Limited The field 22
DK, a Division of Penguin Random House LLC
20 21 22 23 24 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
001–317630–May/2020
The soccer ball 24
All rights reserved. Geared up 26
No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored
in or introduced into a retrieval system, or transmitted, Perfect cleats 28
in any form, or by any means (electronic, mechanical,
photocopying, recording, or otherwise), without the The referee 30
prior written permission of the copyright holder.
A catalog record for this book
is available from the Library of Congress.
Assistant referees 32
ISBN 978-1-4654-9069-8
Countdown to kickoff 34
DK books are available at special discounts when purchased in bulk for
sales promotions, premiums, fund-raising, or educational use. For Caught offside 36
details, contact: DK Publishing Special Markets, 345 Hudson Street,
New York, New York 10014, or SpecialSales@dk.com What is a foul? 38
Printed and bound in China Free kicks 40
A WORLD OF IDEAS:
SEE ALL THERE IS TO KNOW
Taking penalties 42
www.dk.com
Corners 44
The card system 46
Goal-line technology 48
Tracking players 50
Overtime 52
A team Tournaments
game and trophies
Goalkeeping 74 FIFA World Cup 116
Solid defending 76 UEFA European
Midfield magic 78 Championship 118
Flying forwards 80 Copa América 120
Individual Formations 82 Africa Cup
skills Set-pieces: attacking 86 of Nations 122
Set-pieces: defending 88 AFC Asian Cup 124
Ball control 56 Olympic Games 126
Soccer genius 90
Passing 58 FIFA Women’s
Overtime 92
Dribbling 60 World Cup 128
Shooting 62 UEFA Champions
Volleying 64 League 130
Heading 66 Copa Libertadores 132
Tackling 68 Roll of honor 134
Overtime 70
Club
world Glossary 140
Index 142
Running a club 96
Acknowledgments 144
The manager 98
The stadium 100
Transfers 102
Training 104
Injury time 106
A player’s week 108
The fans 110
Overtime 112
The beautiful
game
No one knows who invented
soccer. However, once the
game’s rules were set down
in 1863, it did not take long
for soccer to reach every
corner of the world. Today,
it is the most popular sport
on the planet, with around
4 billion fans.
6
Ancient
People of all social
classes played cuju,
which was popular
for many centuries.
ball games
Humans have been playing ball
games for at least 4,000 years.
Each of these early games had
their own rules, some of which
are similar to soccer.
Cuju,
meaning “kick
ball,” was
also played
in Japan, Cuju was first played in China over 2,000
Korea, and years ago, and it shares many similarities
Vietnam. with modern soccer. Players could not use
their hands or arms, and points were scored
by kicking the ball into a goal.
THE BEAUTIFUL GAME 7
A competitive game
MESOAMERICAN BALL GAME consisted of two
teams of 12–16
Played in Central America 3,600 players on each side.
years ago, the Mesoamerican
ball game is the world’s oldest
team sport. Players played on a
court, could not use their hands,
and scored goals by getting the
ball to go through a hoop.
Individual players attracted

fame and fortune, and, by the
10th century, there was even
a national championship
to decide the best team.
The ball had an

outer covering
made of leather and
was stuffed tightly
with feathers.
8
Birth of soccer
A variety of soccerlike games were played in
English boarding schools in the mid-19th
century. However, the rules of these games
were so different, that it was virtually
Eight players make up
impossible for the school teams the bully: 3 “corners,”
2 “sideposts,” 1 “post,”
to play against each other. 1 “pup,” and 1 “fly.”
Players outside the

bully are called
“behinds.” Their role
is to kick the ball over
the bully toward the
opponent’s goal. Behinds are made up of
two types of player:
“shorts” and “longs.”
THE FOOTBALL ASSOCIATION (FA)
The rules Englishman Ebenezer Morley could

for the Eton be called the father of the Football
Field Game Association. His letter, suggesting that
were first soccer should have a common set of
written down rules (meaning that teams could play
in 1815. against each other), led to a series of
meetings that ended with the foundation
of the Football Association on October
26, 1863. The game’s first set of rules
were published a few months later.
At the school of Eton, they played—and still do—the “Field

Game.” As in soccer, the ball is round and players are not
allowed to pick up. However, the rules are more complicated
than in soccer, and there is also a scrum, called a “bully.”
10
FIRST INTERNATIONAL
The first international was played

between England and Scotland
in Glasgow, Scotland, in 1872.
It finished 0–0.
Soccer spread to countries through

the many connections of the
British Empire, introduced by the
huge number of British workers
who traveled throughout the world.
It did not take long before these
countries started to form their
own national associations.
1863 The Football

Association, soccer’s first
national governing body,
is established in England. 1891 New Zealand becomes
the first country outside
1921 Egypt becomes
Europe to create a national
the first African country
association.
to create a national
association.
1893 The first national
association in South America 1924 The Chinese
is established in Argentina. Football Association
is founded.
1904 The Haiti 1928 Israel and

Football association Palestine both
1876 The Welsh
is formed—the first create national
FA is founded.
in North America. associations.
1860 1890 1920

1873 Scotland forms 1889 Denmark and the 1912 The Canadian 1939 By the start
the world’s second Netherlands become Soccer Association of World War II,
national association. the first countries on is founded. The US there were 109
continental Europe to Soccer Federation national
create national associations. follows a year later. associations.
Soccer spreads
Established
in 1857,
around the
world
Sheffield FC
is the world’s
oldest
soccer club.
After the Football Association was

established in England in 1863, it took
little more than a century for soccer
to appear on every continent and in
virtually every country in the world.
1947
A national
association
is created
in newly 1965 The Zimbabwe Football
formed Association is formed after
Pakistan. the country gains its
1989 Belarus
independence from Britain.
becomes the
first former
1971 The United Arab Soviet state
Emirates Football to form its 2016 Both Kosovo
Association is formed own national and Gibraltar
in the same year the association. become members
country is created. of FIFA.
1950 1980 2010

1960 Twelve national 1961 Football Federation 1991 The South
associations are Australia is formed, 70 African Football
formed around the years after its equivalent Association is
world; the most in New Zealand. reformed following
in a single year. the end of apartheid.
12
The modern era

The Fédération Internationale de Football
Association (FIFA) is the game’s international
governing body. Every continent, with the exception
of Antarctica, has its own confederation, which
organizes international and club competitions.
CONCACAF UEFA
CONCACAF governs the game in North UEFA is the governing body of soccer
and Central America and the Caribbean. in Europe. Its headquarters are located
Its headquarters are in New York, NY. in Nyon, Switzerland.
Formed: 1961
Members: 41
Major
tournaments: Formed: 1954
International: Members: 55
CONCACAF Gold Cup Major tournaments:
Club: CONCACAF International: Club: UEFA Champions
Champions League UEFA European League,
Championship; UEFA Europa League
CONMEBOL CAF
The oldest of the continental confederations, The CAF governs soccer in Africa and has
CONMEBOL was formed in 1916. It governs more members than the other confederations.
soccer in South America and its headquarters Its headquarters are in Cairo, Egypt.
are in Luque, Paraguay.
Formed: 1957
Formed: 1916 Members: 56
Members: 10 Major tournaments:
Major tournaments: International: Africa
International: Copa América Cup of Nations
Club: Copa Libertadores, Club: CAF Champions
Copa Sudamericana League, CAF Confederation
Cup
FIFA
FIFA is soccer’s global governing body

and organizes the game’s major
international tournaments. Its
headquarters are in Zurich, Switzerland.
Formed: 1904
Members: 211
Major tournaments:
FIFA World Cup, FIFA Women’s World Cup,
FIFA Confederations Cup, Olympic Games
AFC
The AFC governs soccer in Asia and, since

2006, Australia, from its headquarters in
FIFA’s motto
Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
is: “For the
game. For
Formed: 1954 the world.”
Members: 47
Major
tournaments:
International:
AFC Asian Cup
Club: AFC Champions League,
AFC Cup
OFC
Founded in 1966, the OFC is the youngest

of soccer’s confederations. It governs the
game in Oceania from its headquarters
in Auckland, New Zealand.
Formed: 1966
Members: 14
Major tournaments:
International:
OFC Nations Cup
Club: Oceania Club Championship
14
CUT OFF IN ITS PRIME
By 1920, the women’s game was

as popular as the men’s, with one
game in England featuring
Dick, Kerr’s Ladies (above,
right), attracting a crowd of
53,000. In 1921, however, the FA banned
women’s games at their fields, saying the
sport was inappropriate for women.
1881 An unofficial women’s 1921 The Football

international game is played Association bans
between Scotland and England women’s teams from
in Edinburgh on May 7, 1881. playing on association
Scotland win 3–0. member’s fields.
1890s Several women’s 1930s Women’s

clubs are formed in leagues are
England. One game, in established in
north London, attracted France and Italy.
a crowd of 10,000.
1881 1930
1919 The first-ever 1920 Dick, Kerr’s

women’s French Ladies, England’s
Championship is leading women’s
played—only two team, play a French
teams take part. XI in France. They
win the game 2–0,
in front of a crowd
of 62,000.
Women’s
Action from the 2015 FIFA Women’s
World Cup game between the Ivory
Coast and Thailand (which Thailand
won 3–2). The tournament, held in
soccer
Canada, featured 24 teams for the
first time and was shown on
television in 171 countries.
1951 The first women’s Women’s soccer has gone

league is established in
the United States. through many ups and downs
over the years. Once as popular
as the men’s game, it was then
banned, but it has enjoyed a
huge resurgence in recent times.
1996 Women’s soccer is
included in the program
of events at the Olympic
Games for the first time.
1984 Sweden
1971 The FA lifts its wins the first
ban on women’s soccer. official UEFA 2017
The same year, UEFA Women’s The number of
recommends the women’s European national women’s
game should be taken under Championship. teams participating
the control of the national in international
associations of each country. games rises to 176.
1960 1980 2000

1969 A group 1989 1991 The
of women’s Japan becomes the United States
clubs form the first country to launch wins the first
Women’s FA a semi-professional FIFA Women’s
in England. women’s league. World Cup.
The first
FIFA-approved
women’s
international
was played
1957 Germany organizes
in 1971.
an unofficial women’s
European Championship.
16
Overtime ll game from

ba
The 10 essentials Ba
lls c a n s small
as tennis b
alls
Ce in t
eri e a
— ,
of the ancient Chinese ntr h e M e s oa m er
.6 kg) hat’s
t
lon
w
w
hil al Ame me (3
game of cuju included: eo rica varied; so 8 lb
m e .
respect for other players,

th thers c
ould weigh up
to
er
courtesy, team spirit, no
es
am
e we
ight as a wat
ungentlemanly behavior,
no dangerous play,
and no ball-hogging.
80 percent 13,360,000 girls

of FIFA member around the world play in
associations have a grassroots soccer
senior women’s team. programs.
Countries with the most If a player plays for a club, they are normally registered with
their national football or soccer association. The graphic below
registered players shows the countries with the most registered players
(female and male).
United States Germany
United States
1 Canada 1 Brazil
Germany 2 3
2
3 4
5. ion 5
ill 2. lion
m il
m
00
million
,0
1.6
290
million
2.1
19
7,
60
0
Female players Male players

League
The world’s Premier d
Englan
richest leagues $ 5.99 b
illion
Leagues make the majority of their money by

selling the rights to show games
to television companies. The world’s top-five Bundesliga
richest leagues are all in Europe, Germany
with England’s $ 3.49 billion
Ligue 1
Premier League
France
at the top.
$ 1.86 billion
Serie A
Italy
$ 2.44 billion
La Liga
Spain
$ 3.38
billion
50 percent FIFA has 211

of FIFA member members,
association countries
have a youth team. compared with the
United Nation’s
Countries with
the most players
193.
In 2007, FIFA conducted China United
a survey to find out
India 26.1 States
which countries had
24.4 million
the most soccer
20.5
million
million
players (registered
Indonesia Nigeria
and unregistered). Brazil Germany
16.3 Mexico 7.1 6.7
million
Here are the 13.1 million
million 8.4
top eight. million million
Play to the
whistle
Anyone can play soccer: all
you need is a ball and a space
to play. Even the professional
game is relatively simple:
two teams of 11 players play
for 90 minutes, while three
game officials (the referee and
the assistant referees) ensure
that both teams play to the
Laws of the Game.
20
Laws of 5 The referee

The appointed referee,
whose decisions are final,
the game
is in charge of the game.
6 Assistant referees
Two officials are
appointed to support the
referee to enforce the rules.
Soccer has 17 laws that cover 7 Game duration

A game is played over two
periods of 45 minutes each.
every aspect of the game.
The English FA devised 13 of he
re
fer
ee
these in 1863. The remaining
T
5.
four were added later on.
1 Field of play
f play
The field size ield o
may vary, but must F
1.
be rectangle, with
the correct markings.
2 The ball
The ball must 1902
weigh 14–16 oz 1891
(400–450 g) and
be about 8.65 in 1863
(22 cm) across.
mber of players
. Nu
3 Number of players 3
A team has 11 players.
A game cannot take place
with fewer than seven
players in a team.
4 Players’
equipment
Players must wear a
jersey, shorts, socks,
shin guards, and The original “Laws of
the Game”
soccer cleats. were handwritten by
Ebenezer
Cobb Morley in 1863
.
PLAY TO THE WHISTLE 21
8 Start/restart of play 11 Offside 12 Fouls and

A kick off starts play, and A player is offside if misconduct
restarts the game after a goal. he or she goes behind the Players must play the
line of opposing defenders game fairly and safely,
before receiving the ball and will be penalized for
Ball in play from a teammate. any unfair or unsporting
9
The ball is always in play behavior.
unless the referee stops the game.
. Fouls and
12 conduct
mis 13 Free kick
10 Method of scoring A team wins a
A goal is scored when free kick for any foul
the whole ball crosses the or offense committed
line of the goal. against them. It is taken
from the spot where the
offense occurred.
ethod of sco
0.M rin
1 g
14 Penalty kick
A team wins a
penalty kick for any
foul committed by
an opponent in the
opposition’s own
penalty area.
15. Throw
-in
15 Throw-in
A team wins a
throw-in when the ball
crosses the touchline
after touching an
opposition player last.
16 Goal kick
The defending team
rner kick wins a goal kick if the ball
. Co
17 crosses their own goal
line after touching an
opposition player last.
17 Corner kick
The attacking team
wins a corner if an
opposition player touches
the ball last before it
crosses the goal line.
22
The first fields had no markings. Two 6-yard (5.5-m)

Flags were used to mark the semicircles were placed in
corners. The goalposts were set 8 front of the goal. Players
yards (7.32 m) apart—the same as could not touch the
today—but had no crossbar. goalkeeper in
1863 these areas.
0 m ) wide
ds ( 9
, 1 0 0 yar
long
( 1 8 0 m)
An 18-yard
0 0 yar
ds 1891
E 2
(16.4-m) line SIZ
was added FIELD
to denote the
penalty area.
e
m ) wid
(90
y a rds
00
In 1882, field l o n g, 1 1937
)
markings were
( 1 80 m
rd s
0 ya
added. Following the
2 0
introduction of the ZE
penalty kick in 1891, a I E L D SI
12-yard (10.9-m) line was
F
marked across the field.
A player could take a
penalty from anywhere
along the line.
Natural
grass
Artificial
fiber
Hybrid grass—a mix of natural and artificial grass—

is the surface most clubs use today. Artificial fibers
are injected 7.9 in (20 cm) deep into the soil and
cover around 3 percent of the playing surface.
A tape was first

hung between the
goalposts in 1872.
It was positioned
The field
The FA’s first rulebook contained
8 ft (2.4 m) above
the ground. A solid
crossbar replaced
no guidelines for field markings,
it in 1875.
and it was only in the early 20th
century that soccer fields began to
take their modern form.
The 18-yard (16.4-m) line was shrunk in 1902
to become the penalty area. The D, or arc, of
the penalty area was added in 1937 to
ensure that players were at least
10 yards (9 m) from the
penalty spot when a
player took a
penalty.
The average
field contains
an average
de
m) wi of 300 million
0 blades of
(45–9
s grass.
0 yard
0
, 50–1
g
m) lon
0
90–12
s ( UNDER-SOIL HEATING
0 yard
12
100– Most clubs have under-soil
E
SIZ
LD heating systems beneath the
FIE playing surface. These consist of
hundreds of yards of tubes that
The size and appearance of a soccer contain hot water pipes that
field have changed dramatically since prevent the field from freezing
the game was first played in 1863. The over during winter.
illustrations above show how field
markings have changed over the years.
24
The soccer ball

The earliest soccer balls were
inflated pig bladders covered s
ba
ll
90
with leather. Ball technology has uck
yb a ll ”
19
“B
s
changed dramatically over the
07
19
years, both in terms of how
balls are manufactured and
what they are made of.
Medieval soccer players used a leather
ball stuffed with an inflated pig’s
bladder, but this did not bounce well
and often deflated. The modern ball has
an outer cover made of synthetic leather, The buckyball consists
an inner lining to make it bouncy, and of 20 hexagonal and
l
ba l
an inflated rubber bladder in the center. 12 pentagonal panels
stitched together.
0s
8
18
The oldest-known soccer ball was
found in a Scottish castle. When FAST FACTS
analyzed, it dated back
to the 1540s. Soccer balls come in a range of
l
bal
standard sizes depending on the

s
50
18 type of soccer being played and

the age of the players.
Ag Ag
e
e:
:U
14+
nder 14
Size 5 ball Size 4 ball

27–28 in 25–26 in
(68.5–71 cm) (63.5–66 cm)
Ag
e:
Under 9
ll
ba
er
cc
Size 3 ball Beach soccer ball

so
w 23–24 in 27–28 in
n
- kno (58.5–61 cm) (68.5–71 cm)

t
l d es
O
There are three main

components of a modern
ball: the outer cover, the Most bladders contain The inner lining
inner lining, and pressurized air. Indoor gives the ball
the bladder. soccer balls contain foam its strength
to reduce bounce. and bounce.
Modern outer
covers are made of
synthetic leathers
such as polyvinyl
chloride (PVC).
Cir
umc
fe
re
ce
n
:2
7–
28 all
in
(68 erb
occ
.5–
71 ay s
rn-d More than
cm) Mode
40 million
soccer balls
Thermal bonding has
replaced stitching in
are produced
modern balls. Panels are each year.
placed into a mold and are
stuck together by heat.
26
HOME AND AWAY UNIFORMS
Geared up In 1921, the law was

changed so that, in the
Soccer uniforms have event of a color clash,
the away team (and
changed dramatically over not the home team)
had to change.
the years, from the thick Nowadays, all teams
have a home uniform
cotton shirts and baggy and an away uniform,
with some teams also
shorts of the 19th century, having a third uniform.
to the high tech materials

used to make today’s.
Modern shirts are normally
Soccer uniforms are used to made of a polyester mesh
distinguish between the two that does not trap in heat
teams when they are on the field. or sweat. They also contain
lycra, which adds strength
Their design has changed hugely
and flexibility.
over the years. This illustration
compares an 1890s uniform to
one worn by players today.
Sleeves can either
be long or short
according to the
Early soccer shirts
Laws of the Game.
were made of thick
cotton and had
collars. Some
team’s shirts were
even made of wool!
Team uniforms
started to emerge
in the 1870s.
Shorts had to cover Modern shorts are
the knees according loose, which allows for
to a Football freedom of movement
Association rule and good air circulation.
passed in 1904.
Future shirts
could contain
computers
that monitor
a player’s
heart rate.
The first player to wear

shin guards was Modern shin pads are
Nottingham Forest’s made of many different
Sam Weller Widdowson synthetic materials.
in 1874. He wore a pair They are designed to
of cut-down cricket spread the load of any
pads strapped to the impact over as wide
outside of his socks. an area as possible.
Socks worn by early players

could be any color. Clubs
were not required to register
the color and design of their
PLAY TO THE WHISTLE
socks until 1937. Socks must entirely

cover the shin
guard.
27
1890 Today
28
Perfect cleats
Early soccer cleats were designed to
provide players with both protection
and grip on the field. Nowadays,
following years of development, the
main function of the modern cleat is
to improve a player’s performance.
The cleat’s surface The upper part of the cleat

contains ridges of is flexible, which helps the
varying sizes. These player’s movement.
are designed to aid
touch and ball control.
Studs have been shaped

like arrows. Tests show Modern cleats are a product of detailed research into
that this shape provides comfort, a player’s movement, and which part of the
better grip. foot comes into contact with the ball the most.
An elasticized, knitted
EARLY CLEATS
collar aids movement,
ensures the cleat is more
firmly attached to the foot,
and is comfortable.
Early soccer cleats were

made of leather, and were
uncomfortable and heavy.
It was not until 1891 that
the Football Association
allowed cleats to be fitted
with studs.
The cleat’s sole is

shaped to fit the
foot perfectly.
The
earliest-known
soccer cleats
were worn by
English king
The position of the studs Henry VIII
The cleat’s plastic has been established
sole is flexible after detailed research
in 1526.
to increase a into a player’s movement
player’s mobility. on the field.
30
Top-flight referees carry hi- A headset is used by the

tech equipment worth up to referee to communicate
$4,500 onto the field. The with the assistant
figure excludes the goal-line referees. It is designed to
technology system, which ensure that they can hear
costs about $650,000 to one another clearly—even
install in the stadium. inside a noisy stadium.
The red and yellow cards

are usually kept inside a
wallet, which also contains
a notepad for the referee to
record incidents that occur
during a game.
A two-way radio
receiver relays the
messages from the
headset. The radio
is powered by a
battery pack.
Before
whistles,
referees used
handkerchiefs
to draw the
attention of
players.
!
GOAL
The goal-line technology (GLT)

wrist device is linked to a
computerized camera system,
which monitors both goals, and
alerts the referee if the ball fully
crosses either goal line.
The referee
The referee is responsible for
enforcing the Laws of the
Game. At elite level, referees are
equipped with state-of-the-art
technology to help them
with their job.
The signal beep system

buzzes and vibrates whenever
either assistant referee presses
a button on their flags. This
alerts the referee to any
infringement.
A stopwatch is used to keep track

of the game time. At elite level,
the watch also includes a heart
rate monitor to measure
the referee’s fitness level.
MARKER SPRAYS
When a team is awarded

a free kick, the referee uses
a foaming spray to create
a temporary marker 10 yards
A whistle is used to (9.1 m) away from the kick.
signal the start and The defenders must stand
restart the game, behind the mark at the
stop play due to a moment the free kick is taken.
foul or injury, and
to end each half.
32
An assistant referee
communicates with
Assistant the referee via a
small radio set.
referees
Assistant referees help the referee
enforce the Laws of the Game. One
assistant referee runs along each
touchline and is responsible for half of
the pitch. The referee may overrule a
decision made by an assistant referee.
Assistant referees
officiate in situations
VIDEO ASSISTANT REFEREE
in which the referee
is not ideally
positioned to see an
incident and make
the best decision.
A button on the flag

is used to alert the
referee instantly of any
decision. This sends a
beeping or vibrating
If necessary, referees can review major signal to the referee.
incidents (red cards, goals, and penalty
decisions) using pitch-side video assistant
referee (VAR) technology.
FAST FACTS
The Diagonal System

is the most common
Assistant
method used by referees AR referees were
to officiate in a game.
R known as
The referee (R) patrols
linesmen
a diagonal line that runs
before 1996.
from the opposite corners
of each penalty area.
AR
Each assistant referee
(AR) is responsible for a
separate half of the field.
Assistant referees use a set of standard

flag signals to alert the referee to incidents
and infringements that occur in their half
of the field.
Substitution Offside
A flag is held above the The flag is held above The flag is brightly
head with both hands the head to signal for colored to ensure that it
to indicate a team’s wish an offside offense. draws the referee’s
to make a substitution. attention when the
assistant referee
makes a signal.
A flag is held out to one
side, pointing in the direction
PLAY TO THE WHISTLE
of play of the team awarded

the throw-in.
Throw-in
33
34
1/
3h
2h
1 2
ou ou ho
rs rs urs
1 Teams arrive
Players make their way 2 Team announcement
Both managers reveal their 3 Focusing the mind
Players begin their mental
to the stadium up to team’s starting lineup and preparation. They each
three hours before kick the list of substitutes to have their own ritual for
off. The away team the press. staying relaxed and focused
arrives on the team bus. right up to kickoff.
In 2012,
GSP Polet’s Vuk
Bakic scored
directly from a
kickoff in a
Countdown
Serbian league
game.
to kickoff
Before the game kicks off, the players
spend up to two hours preparing for
the physical and mental challenges
of the game ahead.
m
15
5
45
mi in in
n
4 Warm-up
Players take 5 Team talk
The team gathers 6 Sporting gesture
The two teams
part in low- in the locker room for run onto the field
level exercise a final pep talk. The and shake hands.
drills to warm referee asks the teams The players then
up key muscle to line up in the tunnel take their position
groups. five minutes before on the field.
kickoff.
7 Kickoff
A coin toss decides
which team kicks off
from the center circle.
The referee blows the
whistle and the game
gets underway.
36
Caught offside
An attacker is in an offside position if he
or she steps closer to the opponent’s goal
than any of the defenders before the ball
is kicked to the player. The rule
stops attackers from hanging
out near the goal.
Although this player

is in an offside position,
it is not an offside
infringement because
the player is not active
in play.
ACTIVE IN PLAY
An attacker is
A player can only be
not offside if he
offside if he or she
receives the ball in the
In this game or she receives
opposition’s half of the
scenario, the the ball from a
attacking player corner, throw-in,
field. The player must
passes the ball to a or goal kick.
also be active in the
teammate who is in an
play, or be giving the
offside position. The team
team an advantage by
is immediately penalized and
being in that position.
the opposition wins an indirect
free kick.
Player A stays 2. Player B is offside. He is 3. The assistant referee

onside, as he is closer to the opposition goal stands in line with the
level with the than any of the defenders defender closest to the
defender closest when he receives the pass goal. The official raises
to the goal line. and becomes active in play. the flag to signal that an
attacking player is offside.
1. The attacker
puts the team in
an offside position
by passing the ball
to player B. The
pass should have
4. The referee been made to
spots the assistant player A instead.
referee’s offside
The line of offside signal and stops
is based on the play. The defending
position of the team will be
defender who awarded an
is closest to the indirect free kick.
team’s goal line.
FAST FACTS
Originally, the offside rule –26 seas

5
forced attackers to stay in
1 92 o
–25 sea
n
front of two defenders. The

rule was revised to a single 24
so
19
defender in 1925, and led

n
to a 36 percent increase
in the number of goals
scored across the English
leagues during the
following season. 4,700 goals 6,373 goals
38
What is a foul?
The rules state that soccer must be played
fairly and safely. It is the referee’s job to
call a foul if a player commits an unfair
act, and to award the opposition a free
kick—or a penalty if the foul
occurred in the penalty box.
FAST FACTS
Premier League, England
Bundesliga, Germany
La Ligue, France
La Liga, Spain
Serie A, Italy
12
13
14
15
11
The teams in Europe’s top five

leagues commit between 11 and
15 fouls per game. The English
Premier League records the lowest
number. This is perhaps because
the referees are more lenient.
COMMON FOULS
A foul can be committed in a number of ways. Below are among the most common:
Handball Obstruction Tripping Holding Dangerous play

Using the hand Blocking an Intentionally Pulling on an Making a
or lower arm to opponent without tripping up opponent’s shirt reckless tackle
control the ball, making any attempt an opponent. to slow them down. that endangers
intentionally or not. to play the ball. a player’s safety.
The fouled player

stumbles over from
the force of the
reckless tackle.
The tackler slides

in and makes contact Any tackle that puts a player’s
with the opponent safety at risk is a serious foul.
before touching
This includes sliding in to
the ball.
make a challenge with the
cleat studs raised.
Brazil made
31 fouls in a
match versus
Colombia at the
FIFA 2014
World Cup!
40
Free kicks
A team wins a free kick whenever the opposition
commits a foul outside their own penalty area.
The free kick is taken from the spot where the
offense occurred and, if it is close to the opponent’s
goal, can present a good goal-scoring chance.
Curving sh
ot
If a team
shoots a
free kick into
its own goal,
the opposition
is awarded a
corner.
The goalkeeper guards

the area around the
post closest to him.
TYPES OF FREE KICK
There are two types of free

kick—direct and indirect. The
referee awards a direct free
kick against a foul, whereas an
indirect free kick results from In this direct free kick,
a technical infringement. the player has a shot on goal.
Direct free kicks can be shot It is up to him to decide
straight into goal, but an where to direct the shot, and
indirect free kick must be then either drill, curve, spin,
Signal for a Signal for an or apply dip to the ball.
touched by a teammate first.
direct free kick. indirect free kick.
SHOOTING OPTIONS
Curving shot Dipping shot Through the wall

The free kick taker strikes In this type of free kick, The player shoots the ball
across the ball with the the player puts top spin low and fast underneath
side of the foot. This on the ball by striking the wall. This may catch
applies spin and makes it with the laces the defenders off-guard
the ball curve in the air. and then shortening as they leap up, expecting
the follow-through. an aerial shot.
The defensive wall

is made up of several
players who stand in a line
t
to guard the goal. They
ng s h o
must be at least 10 yd

(9 m) away from the ball.
Dippi
Cu
rv
in
gsh
ot
Thr
ou
gh
th
The free kick

e
al
w
l taker is
a specialist
who can direct
the shot
with pace
and accuracy.
42
The top left-hand corner of the The inner arc (red) represents the
goal is the natural side for the goalkeeper’s “diving envelope.” Any shots
right-footed player to aim. placed in this area are within their reach and
will be saved if they dive the right way.
The av
erag
e sp
eed
ofa
pe
na
lty
is
7
0
m
ph
(1
12
km
/h
).
SENSATIONAL SHOOT-OUT
The 1994 FIFA World Cup final

was the first to be decided by a
penalty shoot-out. Brazil won the
game after Italy’s star player,
Roberto Baggio, ballooned the
decisive penalty over the bar.
Goalkeepers will The orange arc represents a Penalties placed in the top
choose the right way zone in which the goalkeeper corners are unsavable, even
to dive 70 percent of can still reach the ball by by world-class goalkeepers.
the time, according diving. Any shots placed However, they carry a higher
to statistics. here can still be saved. risk of missing the target.
A penalty
shoot-out
in the 2005
it . Namibian Cup
s to save
l isecond finished 17–16.
i l
0m
n ly 70
er o
e ep
o alk
s ag
ve
gi
at
Th
Deciding where to place the ball when

taking a penalty depends on a number
of factors. Are you right- or left-footed? Taking
penalties
Is the goalkeeper right- or left-handed?
How much of a risk are you prepared
to take?
The penalty kick is one of the most dramatic

moments in a soccer game. A single kick from the
penalty spot can determine which team wins or
loses the game, or even the entire league.
44
Corners
A team wins a corner whenever the From a corner, the ball
ball crosses the byline after touching can be played anywhere
on the field, but the
an opposition player. A corner corner taker typically

chooses either the far
post, the near post, the
presents a chance to play the ball penalty spot, or to the
closest teammate. The
into a good attacking position. aim is to create the best
opportunity to score.
The corner taker is

the team’s dead-ball
specialist, who is skilled
at delivering the ball
with great accuracy.
er
rn
o
tc
os
r
ne
rp
o r
Fa
c
st
r
ne
po
r
co
ar
ot
Ne
sp
a lty
n
Pe
The ball must be

placed on or behind
the corner arc marking.
FAST FACTS TYPES OF CORNER
From the 13,000 83 percent of Far post corner

corners cleared The ball is played into the area
corners taken in
around the goalpost that is furthest
the English Premier
away from the corner taker.
League over two
seasons (2011–13),
Near post corner
2,150 led to a shot The ball is kicked to a tall teammate
attempt, of which only positioned at the goal closest to the
370 resulted in a corner arc, who uses the head to flick
goal—equating to the ball across goal into a striker’s path.
about three percent. 3 percent 14 percent of
goals scored shots saved Penalty spot corner
The ball is delivered to an unmarked
attacker in the penalty area who is in
a position to shoot.
Players aiming to score
from a corner move
around in the penalty Short corner
area to get away from The ball is passed to the nearest
their marker. teammate who is in a better position
to cross the ball into the penalty area.
One goal
was scored
from every
29 corners
taken at the
2018 FIFA
World Cup.
Short corner
46
The card system

If a player commits a serious foul, the
referee shows the offender a card. A English
referee Ken
yellow card serves as a warning, Aston invented
the card system
whereas a red card means the player after the 1966
FIFA World
must leave the pitch right away. Cup.
The referee points to the dressing room

immediately after showing the offender a
red card. According to the laws, the sent-
off player cannot remain on—or anywhere
around—the field of play.
The red and yellow

cards are sometimes kept
in different pockets, so
the referee avoids pulling
out the wrong card in the
heat of the moment.
REFEREE’S NOTEBOOK
The referee uses

a notebook to record
key facts and incidents
that occur in the game.
This includes goal
times, details of any
substitutions made,
and the names of
players who have
received a red or yellow
card.
The sent-off player

cannot be replaced.
The team must play
the rest of the game
with one
fewer player.
FAST FACTS
A player receives
a yellow card for Yellow c
ard
offenses, such offense
s
as those listed • Rough
ta
opposite. A red • Arguin ckling
g with th
card is shown • Holdin e refere
ga e
for very serious • Blockin n opponent
g the go
• Delibe alkeeper
offenses, • Refusin
rate tim
e wastin
g to mo g
such as those correct ve the
listed below. distance
free kick from a
• Delibe
rate han
• Unspo dball
rting be
havior
card
Red es
s
offen tackli
ng
erous
g t
• Dan nt conduc age
iole ng u t
•V g bad la opponen
•U s in t an
a
ting erson
• Spit y other p osition
or an g the opp ance
yin ch
• Den l-scoring foul
a go deliberate nd
a
with
a eco
e ivingas
• Rec card
yellow
48
Goal-line
technology
Goal-line technology (GLT) 2
is a computerized system
introduced in 2012 to help
officials in situations when
it is difficult to tell whether
or not the ball has crossed
the goal line for a goal.
HOW IT WORKS:
1 Seven fast frame cameras

located above and around each
goal track the ball’s movement
in the goal area.
2 The cameras send the

information to a computer that
analyzes if the ball has crossed
the goal line.
1
Goal-line technology is able to relay the COSTLY ERRORS

result to the referee within a second of
the incident taking place, which means
there is no delay to the game.
Following several refereeing errors

at the 2010 FIFA World Cup—
including a disallowed England goal
in their 4–1 defeat to Germany
(above)—FIFA decided to bring
in goal-line technology.
The GLT
system only
relays
information to
the game
officials.
FAST FACTS
A goal is awarded when

the officials are sure
that every part of the
ball has crossed the
goal line. Goal-line
technology is highly Goal line Goal line
accurate, with a margin
of error of only 0.12 in Field Field
(3 mm).
Goal No Goal
50
itoring system
e mon Player analysis
t
hle
at
5
S
e
Ey
im
Opt
Catapult
The Catapult
device can analyze
1,000 items of data The tracking device
every second. is placed between a
Tracking
player’s shoulders. It
gathers huge amounts
of information, which
can be analyzed both
during and after the game.
players
Many players wear a
PRECISION PASSING
tracking device under

their shirt. This provides
crucial information Every pass a player makes
in a game is also recorded.
about the player’s Blue arrows are successful
passes; red arrows are
physical performance. unsuccessful ones.
Data received
Heart rate Number of sprints

A program The number of
analyzes a player’s sprints a player
heart rate during makes in a game
a game. Using this is tracked. A drop
data, analysts can in number may
tell when players indicate player
start to tire. fatigue or injury.
Yards per minute Total distance

Logging the amount covered
of ground a player The device also
covers every tracks the total
minute reveals amount of ground
a player’s overall a player covers
fitness or stamina. during the course
of a game.
High-speed running Acceleration

Analysts can tell The device measures
the total distance the total number
a player has of accelerations
sprinted in a a player makes
game. The higher in a game, how
the number, the long they last,
fitter the player. and how much
ground is covered.
Dynamic stress load Deceleration

By tracking a The total number
player’s movement of times a player
the device slows down in a
calculates how game is logged,
hard the player is and how much
working throughout ground is covered.
the match.
52
Over-
at
Total red cards
up:
the FIFA World C
Brazil—11
time Argentina—10
Gerardo Uruguay—9
Bedoya EDOYA Cameroon—8
has received more B
red cards than
Italy—8
any other player in
professional soccer. 46
Capped 49 times for
Colombia, the defensive
The record for
midfielder picked up 46
or
y
the fastest
red cards in a 20-year
l s dismissal in
career between 1995 and 2015.
pu a professional
c o m game is held by
b ecame Bologna’s Giuseppe
ds onl y 00:10
Red car e Lorenzo. He was sent off
gam
in every soccer after 10 seconds in an Italian
1982.
Serie A game against Parma in
in 1990 for hitting an opponent.
Team shirt sales

Manchester United sells more replica shirts
per year than any other club
1
in world soccer.
2
Manchester Real 3 4
United Barcelona 5
Madrid Chelsea
1,650,000 Bayern
2,850,000 2,290,000 1,980,000
Munich
1,500,000
Colombia’s Marcos Coll is the

only player to score directly from a corner
in a FIFA World Cup final game. He scored the
wonder goal against the Soviet Union, at the
1962 tournament in Chile.
The l o n g e s t
penalty shoot-out of all time in professional soccer
occurred in a game between KK Palace and Civics in On
the Namibian Cup final in 2005. Forty-eight spot kicks wet,
were taken before KK Palace finally triumphed 17–16. rainy days,
leather soccer
balls could often
Shirt sponsorship double in weight.
Shirt sponsorship has become a major source of By the end of a game
revenue for clubs around the world, but the amount the ball could weigh
of money raised in this way varies as much as
.9
$445on from league to league. England’s 2.2 lb
milli
(1 kg).
Premier League leads the way.
.8
$224 n
millio
.7
$104 n $99.2
millio million $89.4
million
Premier League Bundesliga La Liga Serie A Ligue 1

England Germany Spain Italy France
Individual
skills
Soccer is a fast-paced game
in which players must have
the skills to control the ball’s
movement. These skills include
passing, shooting, tackling,
volleying, heading, and
dribbling. To be able to use
these skills automatically
in games, players practice
them regularly in training.
56
1. Chest trap
Lean back and cushion the
Ball control ball with the chest. The key
is to slow the ball’s speed
Any player who receives at the point of contact.
the ball must be able to

bring it under control right
away. The quicker the
player can do this, the more
time and space there will
be to decide the next move.
2. Balance
Use the arms for balance
and also to shield the ball
from any opponents.
3. Ball position
As the ball drops
to the ground in front
of you, get ready to
make a pass or run
with the ball.
The quality of the “first
touch” determines how
quickly a player can
control the ball. The best
players can put the ball
exactly where they want
it with a single touch.
SKILL DRILL
In tight situations, use the top

of the foot to control a ball that
arrives at shin height, so you can
make a pass or start a dribble.
Closely watch the

ball as it comes to
your foot.
Professional
players use an
average of two
touches per
INDIVIDUAL SKILLS
Relax the foot as possession.

the ball lands on it.
57
58
Passing
Passing is the most efficient
way of moving the ball
toward the opponent’s goal.
Skilled players are able to
make passes accurately
along the ground, in the
air, and over a range
of distances.
The short pass

is the most accurate
form of passing, in
which the passer
plays the ball
to a teammate
who is nearby.
The passing player
strikes the ball with the
side of his foot to make a
short pass, the laces of the
cleat for a long pass, and
the outside of the foot for
a wide, diagonal pass.
INDIVIDUAL SKILLS 59
SKILL DRILL
A short pass is a 1. Point the 2. Judge the

controlled pass made standing foot in length of the
with the side of the foot. the direction you follow-through to
In this form of passing, want the ball to ensure that the
travel and strike ball has enough
the ball is kicked to
the ball with the pace to reach the
a teammate along the
side of the foot. intended target.
ground and moves at
a relatively slow speed. Keep ankle locked
at the point of Sweep the
contact. striking foot
across.
The player making the pass

must be able to control the The long ball The wide, diagonal pass
ball’s speed and direction so is played over a large is a long-range pass,
that it reaches the intended distance toward the normally made from inside
teammate without being opponent’s goal, in the the player’s own half to
blocked by an opponent. hope that a teammate a teammate near the
receives the ball and touchline.
starts an attack.
TIKI-TAKA
Tiki-taka is a style of play in which

a team passes and moves at high
A long ball speed, denying the opposition
describes any possession of the ball. The style
pass that is was introduced in the mid-2000s
longer than by Spanish club Barcelona, who
35 yd (32 m). won the Champions League
trophy three times between
2008 and 2015.
60
Dribbling The best dribblers keep the

ball close to their feet. They
move the ball using the inside
and outside of both feet, as
The ability to move the ball past they twist and turn their way
past defenders.
opposing players in tight spaces

is known as dribbling. Good A player
dribbles the
dribblers have quick feet, ball an average
distance of
great balance, and create 208 yards
(191 m) in
more goal-scoring chances. a game.
DRIBBLING DYNAMO
During the 1986 FIFA World

Cup quarter-final game
against England, Argentina’s
star player Diego Maradona
dribbled past five English
players to score one of the
most impressive goals in
World Cup history.
1. Look ahead
Assess the
situation in
front as you
SKILL DRILL
2. Shoulder feint
move forward
Drop the shoulder The step over is a trick
with the ball.
as though you are
used to fool an opponent
about to move in
one direction, but into thinking you’re about to
take the ball the make a pass when the real
opposite way. aim is to dribble past them.
Drop shoulder
1. Approach
the ball as
if you are
about to pass
it with the
outside of
the foot.
Place weight
on the non-
kicking foot
Look straight
ahead
Swivel the foot

around the ball
2. Instead of passing,
move the foot around the
ball and then dribble in
the opposite direction.
3. Beat the opponent

Use the outside of your foot to
move the ball away from the
challenger. Keep the ball close
to your feet.
62
SKILL DRILL
Shooting To make the ball curve or

dip in the air, strike it in the
area shown below with the
If you want to be the team’s star goal scorer, highlighted part of the cleat.
you will need accurate shooting skills. There
are many shot types, but the most spectacular is
the power shot, where a player strikes the ball
hard, and hopes the ball’s speed and Inswinging shot—the ball
direction will take it past the goalkeeper. will spin counterclockwise
and curve to the left.
1. Ball-watching
Keep your eyes focused
on the part of the ball you
want to strike.
Outswinging shot—the
2. Body position ball will spin clockwise
Keep your upper body over and curve to the right.
the ball during the shot so
the ball stays low.
Fewer than
three out of When taking a power shot,
every 20 goal- aim to kick the ball either side
scoring attempts of the goalkeeper. The hardest
result in a goal. places for the keeper to reach
are the four corners of the net.
4. Striking leg
Sweep the shooting leg
smoothly and strike the
ball with the instep for
an inswinging shot.
GOAL MACHINE
3. Standing leg
Line up the non-kicking
foot alongside the ball
with the toe pointing in 5. Impact
the direction you want to Make firm contact
aim the shot. with the bottom
Brazilian legend Pele was right part of the
ball and follow
among the finest goal scorers
through with
ever. In a glittering career that the kicking leg.
spanned 22 years (1955–77),
INDIVIDUAL SKILLS
he played 1,363 games and

scored an amazing 1,281 goals.
63
64
Volleying
Striking the ball while it is in midair is known
as volleying. Watching a player volley the ball
into the back of the net is one of the most
stunning sights in soccer.
3. Impact
Strike the ball
firmly with the
top of the cleat.
4. Leg position
Keep the striking
LONGEST VOLLEY leg parallel to the
ground during the
follow through.
During a German league game

in 2014, SC Paderborn’s player
Moritz Stoppelkamp volleyed
the ball 90 yards (82 meters)
into an empty net to score
the longest volleyed goal ever.
1. Head and body The scissor kick is a way of volleying a ball

Keep your head still at waist height. Watch the ball’s flight so
and watch the ball you can time your leap correctly. While
closely throughout. airborne, keep your legs apart like open
scissors, then snap the kicking leg forward
and strike the ball with power.
SKILL DRILL
The bicycle kick is an overhead volley

where you kick the ball in the
opposite direction to that in which
you are facing.
Leap
1. Raise the
non-kicking foot
and leap into
the air using
the other foot.
Sweep
2. Once airborne,
sweep the
striking leg
toward the ball.
2. Hip movement
Swivel the hips
quickly toward Strike
the ball to generate Striking
maximum power. the ball on
the bounce or 3. Kick the ball
a split-second over your head,
after is known and as you land,
as a half- use the hand
volley. to cushion
the impact.
66
Heading Giant leap

Time your leap
Heading the ball is a vital skill for

correctly so that
you meet the ball
before any
both attackers and defenders. opposition players.
Players who are expert headers

score more goals, defend
better, and win more
battles for possession.
A HEAD FOR GOAL
In the 2002 FIFA World

Cup tournament, German
forward Miroslav Klose
scored five goals in total—
all of them were headers.
Firm contact SKILL DRILL

Use the forehead. This provides
the most accuracy and power.
When making a defensive header,
the main aim is to knock the ball
as far away as possible from the
attacking player.
Use your
forehead.
Pull up Leap up
Use your arms to pull to meet
yourself as high into the the ball.
air as possible.
For a power header, the player

leaps in the air and uses the neck
muscles to sling his forehead to
make contact with the ball.
Some players
are able to leap
up to 8 ft
(2.4 m) to head
the ball.
68
FAST FACTS
The chart opposite Tackle 3

shows the number
of different types of Header challenge 1
challenge a defender Pressing opponent 1
typically makes to
dispossess the Blocking a shot
opponent in a game. or pass 19
Clearing a long ball 1
The slide tackle is used by

defenders as a last-ditch effort
to dispossess an opponent, as
the tackler ends up on the ground
and out of the game. Unless the
tackle is accurate, there is also
a high chance of fouling (and
even injuring) the attacker.
SKILL DRILL 1. Leg position

Slide in with the
tackling leg and
The block tackle is the safest
knock the ball away
type of tackle. To make this from the attacker.
tackle, meet the attacker
head on and block the ball as
soon as the attacker tries to
shoot or make a pass.
1. Stand
in front
of your
opponent
to deny
them
room.
2. Block
the kick and
make sure
you keep
the ankle
firm.
Tackling
A tackle is made to dispossess an opponent.
The player must know how and when to
make the tackle, so the ball is won cleanly
without fouling or injuring the opponent.
3. Perfect timing
Watch the ball closely to make
sure you take it cleanly from
The world’s the opponent.
top defenders
make about
5 tackles in
a game.
2. Support
Use the arms
to support the
body on the
ground.
70
Over- Belgian goalkeeper Kristof Van Hout

is officially the world’s ta lle st-e v er player,
6 ft 10 in ( 2 . 0 8 m ). Brazilian
time
measuring
midfielder Elton Gomes is the
shortest, standing at 5 ft 1 in ( 1 5 4 c m ) .
Across the five top European leagues,

the passing accuracy averages out to 76.1 percent.
Below are the individual percentages for each of the five leagues.
ITALY ERnM
AN R ANCE SPALiIgNa A
NGieLr LN
desli
F igue 1
D
e
Serie A La
E
G
Bu ga L m ag
re
ue
78.1% 77.7% 76 % 74.7% 74.1%
s t k i c k to score a goal was achieved

g e by
n
lo
e
T h
s m ir Begovic
eep
er A er League game . Begovic’s s
trike
emi
lk
n goa P r at 100 yd (9 1 . 9 m ).
nia lis h easured
s g ly m
Bo
n En f ficial
Op
en
inga w as
o pla
r y
du 62
At elite level, 62 percent of all goals scored 8

are fromopen play. Free kicks 30
ies
and corners account for 30 percent,

lt
na
Pe
and penalties make up 8 percent.

Fr
ee k
icks and corners
The world record

for the longest
ute, from the

t t ach movic have both
o Ronaldo
A goal headed goal is
in every 63.4 yd (58 m)
minute!
Joan
th,
ian scored by Odd’s BK’s
r.
min
occe
hi
ist
90
a Samuelsen in 2011 against
Cr
r
rs
es
Ib
e an
m the
rik t Norwegian
itiv
e
t a in Tromso in the
s Zl
et
o
r d ed
ta
1s in co
or
p
an sc Eliteserien league.
S
The best way to spend the 15-minute h a l f t i m e i n t e r v a l is to rest for the first
7.5 minutes and then use the other half to do light activity to warm up the muscles.
Arsenal’s The most goals scored by a single

player in a FIFA World Cup finals
Pierre- tournament was 13 by Just Fontaine
Emerick of France in 1958.
Aubameyang
is the world’s fastest
player. He is said to have
run 40 yd (30 m) in a
staggering 3.7 seconds
during training!
A team game
Soccer is a team game of
11 players, who must work
together to beat the opposition.
The manager helps them
achieve this by making sure
they practice hard on the
training field, by picking a
formation to suit the players’
strengths, and by making
sure that the 11 players
know their roles.
74
Goalkeeping
The goalkeeper is allowed to handle the ball
inside the team’s penalty area, but nowhere
else on the field. As the team’s last line of
defense, this key player has to be quick
and good at leaping, catching, and kicking.
HIGH ACHIEVER Pay close attention

to the game, anticipate
any dangers, and be
ready to stop any shots.
Spanish goalkeeper Iker Casillas

won many trophies with his club
team Real Madrid between the
years 1999 and 2015. This
includes five league titles, four
Spanish Super Cups, three
Champions League trophies,
the Copa Del Rey twice, and
the UEFA Super Cup twice.
Stay on your toes

at all times, so you
can leap in either
direction to make
a save.
A TEAM GAME 75
Reach the ball

with an outstretched
The goalkeeper must always be hand and push it
ready to make a diving save, as out of play.
skillful attackers tend to direct their
shots into the corners of the goal.
Keep the wrist

locked to keep the
ball from slipping
through the hands.
MARSHALING THE DEFENSE
The goalkeeper is not just

a shot-stopper, but also
the leader in defense. It is
the goalkeeper’s job to
USA keeper organize the defenders
Tim Howard so they can deal with any
made 15 saves threats to goal. When
vs Belgium at defending free kicks, the
the 2014 FIFA goalkeeper forms the
World Cup. defensive wall by telling
the defenders where
to stand.
76
Fullback Wingback
Fullbacks operate on Two wingbacks operate
either side of the field on either side of the
and defend the touchline. field, but slightly up the
When one fullback field compared to the
goes on a forward run, fullback. Wingbacks
the other will move are responsible for both
across to support the attacking and defending
center backs. along the touchline.
K
GAME STATS ATTAC
Distance: 6.2 miles
(10.0 km)
Tackles: 2.0
Passes: 41.2 E
ENS
Clearances: 3.2 DEF
CK
ATTA
E
ENS
DEF
GAME STATS
DE
Distance: 5.9 miles

FE
(9.5 km)
N
Tackles: 1.7
SE
Passes: 41.9
E NSE E Clearances: 5.9
DEF ENS
DEF
E
ENS
DEF
The sweeper
E NSE
used to be an DEF
DE
important position
FE
N
in the past, but is

SE
rarely seen in the

modern game. Not
a single team used
one at the 2014
FIFA World Cup.
N SE
D EFE
SE
FEN
DE
Center back Sweeper
A team places two The sweeper is usually
center backs in front placed behind the center
of the goalkeeper. backs. He has no
They mark the marking duties, so may
opposition’s most move forward when his
advanced forwards, team is in possession.
and their main role is The use of a sweeper
to clear the ball from has fallen out of fashion
the penalty area. in recent times.
A TEAM GAME 77
THE GREAT DEFENDER
Dutch A FIFA World Cup winner with

center back ATTA
C K
West Germany in 1974, Franz
Ronald Koeman Beckenbauer is considered one
scored 253 goals of the greatest defenders in
in his career— soccer history. He redefined
a record for a the role of a sweeper, from
defender. simply being a defensive
stopper to becoming a team’s
creative attacking force.
K
AC
ATT
GAME STATS
Distance: 6.6 miles
ACK (10.6 km)
A CK
ATT Tackles: 1.5
Passes: 34.8 ATT
Dribbles: 2.1
Solid
defending
A defender’s main job is to stop
the opponent from scoring a
Defenders must operate as
a unit, but each has a different
goal. There are four types of
role to play. Fullbacks make
the most tackles, center backs
defender: fullback, wingback,
execute the most clearances,
while wingbacks have to run center back, and sweeper (also
the farthest.
known as a “libero”).
78
Defensive midfielder Central midfielder

This player’s role is to In attack, central
stop an opponent’s midfielders pass the
attack, and to cover in ball and look to join the
defense if one of his forward. In defense,
team’s defenders joins they drop back to help
an attack. Defensive the defenders stop an
midfielders will rarely opponent’s attack.
advance into an
opponent’s half.
GAME STATS DEFE

NSE
Distance: 5.5 miles
(8.9 km)
NSE
DEFE
Tackles: 5.5
Passes: 48.6
DE
DEFEN
FE
Dribbles: 0.9
NS
SE
E
NSE
DEFE DEFE
D
EF
NSE
DE
EN
FE
Manchester
SE
N
SE
City’s Ilkay
Gündogan made a
world record 174
passes against
Chelsea in GAME STATS
2017–18. Distance: 6.4 miles
(10.3 km)
Tackles: 2.4
Passes: 47.3
Dribbles: 1.2
Midfield
GAME STATS
Distance: 5.7 miles
(9.1 km)
Tackles: 2.1
Passes: 43.0
Dribbles: 1.6
magic
Midfielders break up an opponent’s play
and set in motion their own team’s attack.
There are four types of midfielder:
defensive midfielder, central midfielder,
wide midfielder, and attacking midfielder.
A TEAM GAME 79
Wide midfielder Attacking midfielder

A wide midfielder is The attacking midfielder
positioned closer to is the creative force of a
the touchline. In attack, team and a link between
their main role is to the midfield and a
provide crosses into the striker. Attacking
opponent’s penalty area. midfielders only have a
In defense, they must limited defensive role
drop back to provide and rarely drop back in
extra cover. their own half.
Midfielders have a crucial role to play in both

defense and attack, with each type of player
having to perform different tasks. Defensive
midfielders average the most tackles per game,
while central midfielders run the farthest. The
number of midfield players a team fields
depends on its formation.
DEFE
NSE
ATTA
C K
ATTA
GAME STATS C K
Distance: 6.3 miles
(10.1 km)
Tackles: 1.7
Passes: 39.5
Dribbles: 1.3
ATTA
CK
ATT
A CK
MIDFIELD MASTER
ATT
A CK Johan Cruyff was the best
midfielder of his generation.
During his 20-year career, he
won eight Dutch league titles,
one Spanish league title, and
led the Netherlands to the
FIFA World Cup final in 1974.
80
Flying forwards
Forwards are the players who are positioned
closest to an opponent’s goal. Their
main job is to score goals, and they
are often a team’s most-celebrated,
and expensive, players.
NSE
DEFE
A CK
ATT
Forwards
have to be fast.
Some can run GAME STATS
E
as fast as 10.6 ENS
Distance: 5.8 miles
DEF
(9.4 km)
yd (9.7 m) per Tackles: 0.9
second. Passes: 28.5
Shots: 1.5
No.10/Second striker Winger

The No.10 (also known Part of an attacking
as the second striker), formation, a winger
plays in the space is responsible for
between an opponent’s attacking down the
defense and midfield, edges of the field and
commonly known as for sending crosses
“the hole.” From there, into the penalty box.
they will set up attacks Wingers have limited
or shoot for goal. defensive duties.
A TEAM GAME 81
Center forward TOP STRIKE PARTNERSHIP

A center forward’s main
job is to score goals and
so they spend most of
their time operating in
an area in front of the
opponent’s goal. From
here, they are in the
best position to receive
balls, turn, and score.
Two of the greatest forwards the

game has ever seen, Alfredo Di
Stéfano (left) and Ferenc Puskás
combined with devastating effect
for Real Madrid. Together, they
propelled the Spanish giants to
CK four consecutive league titles
ATTA (1961–64) and two European
Cups (1959 and 1960), and
scored a staggering 258 goals
ACK in 182 league games.
ATT
GAME STATS
Distance: 5.5 miles
(8.9 km)
K
C
Tackles: 0.4
TA
AT
Passes: 18.3
Shots: 2.1
GAME STATS
Distance: 5.8 miles
(9.3 km)
Tackles: 1.0 Forwards
Passes: 25.7
Shots: 1.7
have many
different roles.
Center forwards
average the most shots per
SE
game. No.10s and wingers

EN
EF
have to create goal-scoring

D
opportunities for the center forward.

82
Formations AC Milan
won the
A formation is the way a team lines Champions
League in 1989
up on the field. It is normally and 1990 using
a 4-4-2.
described using a string of numbers,
which represent the number of players
in each area of the field.
4-4-2 Fullbacks have
The classic 4-4-2 formation a vital role to play
has two lines of four in in defense, but
defense and midfield, will often be used
with two forwards. as extra attackers.
Two wide midfielders

provide crosses for
the two forwards
in attack. They
must also drop
back to help out
in defense.
Forwards can
advance to the Advantages Disadvantages
opponent’s goal • Two lines of four provide greater • With only two central midfielders, a team
without having to defensive cover. can easily be outnumbered in midfield.
wait for support • A pair of strikers creates a • Opponent can exploit the space between
from the midfield. constant attacking threat. defense and midfield—called “the hole.”
• Fullbacks provide extra width • This system places great pressure on
to stretch an opponent’s defense. midfielders both to attack and defend.
A TEAM GAME 83
4-2-3-1
The dominant formation at
the turn of the 21st century, Four defenders create
this is still the preferred a solid line of defense.
system in much of Europe. The fullbacks are
expected to advance to
create width in attack.
Wide midfielders Defensive

have a vital role to midfielders
play both in attack provide extra
and defense. cover in defense.
The single striker

relies on support Advantages Disadvantages
from the three • It is easy to pass the ball • The single striker relies on support from
attacking midfielders. through midfield. attacking midfielders.
• This system makes it hard for • Attacking midfielders have to work very
teams to be overrun in midfield. hard to cover in both defense and attack.
• Three attacking midfielders • This system places great responsibility
provide a greater number of on the wide players to drop back to help
attacking options. out in defense.
Other modern formations
4-1-2-1-2 4-3-2-1 4-3-3

Also known as “The Diamond,” Named the “Christmas Tree” Three midfielders move
this formation provides greater after its pointed shape, this is across the field as a unit.
solidity in midfield. Fullbacks a more attacking variation of the Because it has more attackers,
can move forward to provide 4-3-3, with two players playing many teams adopt this system
the width in attack. behind a single striker. if they are chasing a game.
84
More formations
4-5-1 Defenders can sit
A packed midfield means deeper, due to the
this is the formation of packed midfield.
choice for teams looking
to avoid defeat in
knockout competitions.
Two wide
midfielders can
push forward in
attack to make
a 4-3-3.
A single striker Advantages Disadvantages

has to keep • A five-player midfield normally leads • It is easy for the single striker to
possession of the to more possession of the ball. become isolated.
ball in attack and • The formation is flexible. For example, • The formation makes it difficult for teams
wait for support. it is easy to switch to a 4-3-3 in attack. to execute counterattacks.
• This is a difficult formation for an • Great pressure is placed on central
opponent to break down. midfielders to join the striker in attack.
BRAZIL BREAKS THE MOLD
Developed to strengthen the

defense without losing any
numbers in attack, the 4-2-4
Many
formation burst onto the
think a 4-6-0
scene when Brazil won
formation, with
the 1958 FIFA World Cup.
no striker, will
In practice, it operates as
be the formation
a 4-3-3 in defense and
of the future.
as a 3-3-4 in attack.
A TEAM GAME 85
5-3-2/3-5-2 The middle defender

A pair of wingbacks provides in the three-player
extra options in both defense defense must be
and attack, but they have good at passing, and
to be incredibly fit to is usually responsible
make the formation work. for launching attacks.
Midfielders provide
Wingbacks cover in defense
provide width in and extra options
attack and extra in attack.
cover in defense.
Advantages Disadvantages
A pair of strikers • Three central defenders reduce • The back three must include at least one
can move forward the threat of an opponent’s player who is good at passing the ball.
to attack without counterattack. • Players require a superb sense of
having to wait • The defensive unit is usually helped positioning to play in this formation.
for extra support by a deep-lying midfielder.
from midfield. • Three midfielders and wingbacks
provide a variety of attacking options.
Old formations Sweeper
2-3-5 3-2-2-3 (also known as WM) 1-4-3-2

Known as “The Pyramid,” this First used in the 1920s, this Known as “catenaccio,” this
was the standard formation of formation reinforced the defense formation saw a sweeper (or
the 1880s. It placed a huge to counter the increased attacking “libero”) positioned between
emphasis on attacking. threat that came about from the goalkeeper and the defense
a change in the offside rule. to add more defensive steel.
86
Set pieces:
attacking
Corners and free kicks are called set pieces.
They provide teams with the perfect opportunity
to execute set moves they have spent hours
rehearsing on the The attacking side
will often position a
training ground. player in front of the
near post. This player
will look to flick the
ball on with his head.
Where the corner taker
delivers the ball will depend
on the set move planned.
FAST FACTS
The players who are the
Although corners represent a best headers in the
good goal-scoring opportunity, attacking team will line
not as many goals are scored up near the edge of the
penalty area and run
from them as you might think. toward goal as
the corner is taken.
5 75
Average number One in 75
of corners a corners taken
team wins in leads directly
a game. to a goal.
45 18
At least one player is left near
One in 45 Percentage of the edge of the penalty area to
corners taken goals scored pounce on any rebounds. They
leads indirectly from corners at could also be a set move option
to a goal. the 2018 FIFA for the corner taker.
World Cup.
A TEAM GAME 87
Set piece: free kick If a free kick is awarded too far away for a direct shot
on goal, the attacking side will look to use a set move
they have practiced on the training ground.
Option 1: Clipped cross
The free kick taker will look to swing the
ball toward the edge of the six-yard box.
Attackers will run toward the goal to
meet the incoming ball.
Option 2: Short pass

The free kick taker plays
a short pass to a teammate,
who runs to the byline
1 before crossing
the ball.
The defending team

will normally form
a high defensive
line to try to catch
an attacking
player offside.
2
One attacking player will The defenders in this scenario are

look to block the goalkeeper. using the zonal defense system.
Set piece: corner

The attacking team will set
up in the same way for most
corners. Where the ball is
delivered will depend on the
set move the attacking side
has chosen to execute.
One in
five goals
scored in
professional
soccer comes
from a
set piece.
Another attacking player will

make a run toward the far
post, in case the corner taker
delivers a long corner.
88
Set pieces: Italian

Serie A side
defending
Sassuolo only
conceded one
goal from a
set piece in
2014–15.
Because set pieces offer such a good
goal-scoring opportunity, it is vital
that a defense is organized to deal Teams use two main
systems when they are
defending corners: zonal
with the impending threat. marking or man marking.
The corner taker

delivers the ball into
the penalty area.
Zonal marking
Defenders take up set positions at
corner kicks, and defend a particular
area, or zone, rather than marking
Defenders move
toward the ball as an opposing player.
the corner is taken.
At least one
defender stays
on the edge of
the penalty
area to launch
an attack.
One player stands

on each post. This
makes it harder
for an opponent
to score a goal.
Each yellow square represents

a zone for which a single
defender is responsible.
• This system leaves goalkeeper • It is easier for attackers to win a header,
free to come and collect the ball, because, as they have a further distance
because the area around him/her to run toward the ball, they can arrive at
is likely to be less congested. it at greater speed and leap higher.
• Defending becomes a team
responsibility.
A TEAM GAME 89
Defensive
walls for
free kicks
The goalkeeper decides
how many players should
2 2
be in a defensive wall.
3 3
That number depends
on where the free kick
is taken from. Each
segment in this illustration
4 5 4
shows how many players
would be in a wall if
a free kick is taken
inside it.
The corner taker

delivers the ball into
the penalty area.
Man-to-man marking
Each defender picks up an opposition player,
and is responsible for staying with them
until the ball has been cleared and
the danger is over.
Attackers will try

to lose their
marker to get a
free run at the ball.
One defender
stands on each
post, as with
zonal marking.
Defenders must always stay

goalside of the attacker they
are marking.
• Defenders can get the same • Defenders can get dragged around the penalty area by attackers.
run at the ball as attackers. • The system places great responsibility on the individual
defender not to lose the attacker they are marking.
• The area around the goal mouth can become congested,
making it difficult for the goalkeeper to come and claim the ball.
The passing method of play was
90
introduced in 1870 by Scottish side
s Queen of the South. The team
70 revolutionized the game
from one that was solely
Soccer
18
based on dribbling. 193
0s
genius
Every team takes to the field
with a strategy to help them
win the game. This is devised
by the manager, based on Herbert Chapman founded
the WM formation in the
a style of play the team has 1930s while managing
English club Arsenal. The
developed over many years. strategy focused on defense—
previously the game was all
about attacking.
The era of modern
soccer has seen the
Helenio Herrera managed Italian side
19
5 emergence of many 60s
9 Inter Milan to European Cup glory in 1964
different strategies and 1 and 1965. Using a defensive style called
0s
playing styles. Here is catenaccio, the team won games
a selection that have by scoring on the counterattack.
led to great success
on the field.
Hungary played
a unique formation in Hungary
the 1950s, which saw scored a record
the striker swap roles 27 goals at the
with midfielders, 1954 FIFA
pulling opposition
World Cup.
players out of position.
The team won the Olympic
gold medal in 1952.
70s
RINUS MICHELS The Netherlands team of the
19 1970s adopted a style of play
known as Total Football, in
which players swapped roles
200
on the field. The team was a
0s
FIFA World Cup finalist
in 1974 and 1978.
Pep Guardiola’s
reign at Spanish
club Barcelona
saw the side using
a possession-based
Rinus Michels is credited as inventing style called Tiki-taka
Total Football. In 1971, he led Dutch to win multiple trophies
between 2008–2012.
side Ajax to the first of three
successive European Cup wins.
He also introduced the style of
play to Spanish side Barcelona
2010
and the Netherlands team,
Vicente del Bosque
(leading the Dutch to
masterminded Spain’s FIFA
European Championship World Cup triumph in 2010.
glory in 1988). The team used a system
called the False Nine,
which features no
recognized striker,
Jurgen Klopp led German but a trio of attacking
club Borussia Dortmund to midfielders instead.
league titles in 2011 and
2012. He used a strategy 20
called Gegenpressing, in 10
which a team moves s
further up the field every
time it loses possession to
win back the ball as
quickly as possible.
A TEAM GAME
91
92
Overtime Spanish club

Barcelona
made a record
The average number of

goals scored per game across
993
passes against
the top leagues in China, England, France, German side
Germany, Italy, Spain, and the US is Borussia
2.78. Mönchengladbach
in a 2011 Champions
League game. Barcelona
won the game 4–0.
The most common scoreline in soccer

games is 1–1, making up 11 percent of all results.
Here are the percentages of other common scorelines.
During a
90-minute 4–0
4–1 2–3
2% 2%
All
game (excluding injury time),
0 – 3 2%
3–2 2% other
scores
2%
the actual time the ball is 1–3
3%
in play ranges between 0–2 12% 1–1
60–65 3–1
4%
11%
minutes. 4%
At non-professional level, 3–0
the figure is between 4% 1–0
50–55 2–2
5%
10%
minutes.
1–2 2–1
6%
8%
0–1
7% 2–0 0–0
8%
8%
CLUB WORLD 93
A study of the English Premier League reveals In professional soccer, the

when goals are commonly scored during a game. team that scores first has only
a one in seven chance of losing
0–15 minutes 12.2% of goals
the game.
The longest-ever On average,

undefeated run of games
9 out of every 100 shots
in top-level soccer are:
result in a goal. In contrast,
Celtic
63 12 out of every 100 headers
(Scotland)
GAMES
2016–17 on goal end up in the back of the net.
Celtic
(Scotland)
62
GAMES Dutch side Ajax won all 46 home games
1915–17 for two seasons in a row (1971–72
Union SG and 1972–73), also picking up four titles:
(Belgium) 60
1933–35
GAMES the Dutch league title,
the KNVB Cup, the
Benfica
(Portugal)
48 European Cup, and
GAMES
1963–65 the Intercontinental Cup.
Dinamo Zagreb
(Croatia) 45
1915–17 GAMES
Juventus
(Italy) 43
2011–12 GAMES
Club world
A soccer team is part of a
much larger organization—
the club, which has its own
identity and tradition. Top
clubs are run like businesses
and employ hundreds of
people. There are many
different jobs to be done to
keep a club running, from
managing the team to selling
tickets to fans and preparing
the field for game day.
96
This diagram shows the

different people who work at
Running a soccer club, and explains
what they do and how they
work together to make sure
that the club runs smoothly. English club
Notts County
The directors are
is recognized as
a club usually part owners the world’s first
A large soccer club BOARD OF of the club. They professional
DIRECTORS make the decisions soccer club.
employs people with about the club and
its future plans.
many different skills to
The commercial
ensure it succeeds on the director’s role involves
negotiating deals with
field and as a business. The chief executive sponsors and
officer (CEO) other businesses.
manages the day-
to-day running of
The financial the whole club, and
director takes reports to the board
care of the club’s of directors.
$ funds, and makes
sure the club is
FINANCIAL making a profit. COMMERCIAL
CEO
DIRECTOR DIRECTOR
The technical
director devises
the coaching The manager is in
programs and is charge of the first
also in charge team. He or she
of signing TECHNICAL FIRST TEAM
DIRECTOR MANAGER controls training,
new players. picks the team,
and sets the tactics
for every game.
$
HEAD OF The assistant The doctor provides
SALES manager helps the medical care for the
first team manager first team squad.
prepare the team
for every game.
The head of sales

oversees the
sale of tickets and
club merchandise.
ASSISTANT CLUB
SCOUTS MANAGER DOCTOR
Scouts attend other
soccer games on
behalf of the club The team is picked
and look out for from a total squad
talented players. of 20–30 players,
who provide cover
for any injuries.
FIRST TEAM
LOCAL SOCCER YOUTH SOCCER

DEVELOPMENT DEVELOPMENT
OFFICER MANAGER
The development The youth soccer

officer organizes development manager is PHYSICAL
and delivers a range in charge of the local COACHES THERAPIST
of soccer activities for youth leagues.
the local community.
CLUB WORLD
Coaches are responsible

for the team’s training. Each
coach specializes in a The physical therapist
different aspect of training. takes care of injured
97
players and reports to

the club doctor.
98
The manager A manager’s main task is to make

Managers have to juggle sure the team wins as many games
as possible. However, a manager’s
many tasks. They are day does not end with the final
whistle. He or she still has many
responsible for every aspect other tasks to perform.
of every team at a club,

from youth team to the Guy Roux
managed
first XI, and must also French club
Auxerre for
speak to journalists. 44 years
(1961–2005).
spotlight
the
In
• Dealing with the media.

• Preparing program notes.
• Helping club sponsors.
• Attending club events.
• Appearing on the club’s TV channel.
n ing the clu
b
R un
Te am and play
er
s
• Buying and
selling players.
• Appointing coaching staff. • Deciding on formations.
• Overseeing coaching activities. • Selecting the team.
• Attending board meetings. • Motivating the players.
• Scouting for new players. • Giving team talks
during the game.
• Making substitutions.
MANAGERIAL MERRY-GO-ROUND
d t he s c e
hin ne
Be s
England 11
Italy 21
Spain 16
France 11
Germany 11
The job of a top-tier soccer manager

is among the least secure in the world. • Maintaining player discipline.
This chart shows the average number • Running the club.
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of managerial changes each year • Overseeing player

in Europe’s top-five leagues. development.
• Setting coaching policy.
99
100
The Allianz
Arena is lit
in different
colors when
the different
home teams
play.
KEY
1 Team bus parking bay

2 Players’ entrance
3 Visiting team changing room
4 Home team changing room
5 Warm-up room
6 Game officials’ room
7 Press conference hall
8
1 7
5
Players’ entrance
A separate entrance
Opened in 2005, the Allianz allows players to
Arena in Germany can hold up to enter the stadium
75,000 fans, making it among the privately, and avoid
largest soccer stadiums in Europe. It the large crowd of
is the venue at which club side fans in the stadium.
Bayern Munich and TSV 1860
Munich play their home games.
CLUB WORLD 101
The stadium
A team’s stadium features a field
surrounded by thousands of seats
for fans who come to watch
the matches. It also includes
all the facilities players need
to prepare for a game.
The tunnel
Locker room
The locker room is where players change The players’ tunnel leads on to the field.
into their uniforms and gather for the Players of both teams line up in the
captain’s final team talk. tunnel before the game.
102
A scout’s job is to find talented

new players. Larger clubs may
have as many as 15 scouts.
cou
te d
Transfers
r s Professional soccer has two
e y
transfer windows: the first

Pla
runs from July to September,

and the second is in January.
They are an exciting time
for soccer fans, but how do
transfers actually work?
Finding the right player is only
the start of a long process. A club
has to go through many stages before
a player officially signs for them.
b id t alks
he ent
T g
A
Once a club has found After the bid has been

a player it wants, it will accepted, a club starts contract
make a bid to the club the talks with a player’s agent.
player currently plays for. The two parties must agree
Normally, it takes several on details such as wages and
bids before one is accepted. performance-related bonuses.
CLUB WORLD 103
WORTH HIS WEIGHT IN GOLD Once the player has passed

the physical, the deal is
officially done.
An agent’s
commission is Done
usually 5 de
percent of the
al
transfer fee.
The first player who was literally worth

his weight in gold was Bernabé
Ferreyra. Argentine club River Plate
paid $45,000 for his services in 1932,
comfortably more money than his
equivalent weight in gold at the time.
ntracts l
ing co y sica
iz p h
al e
Th
n
Fi
The player and the buying Once the contract is finalized,

club must agree on every detail a player then has to take a
in the contract. One Premier thorough medical examination
League player had a clause to confirm fitness. This
in his contract that prevented identifies any hidden injuries
him from traveling to space! or weaknesses.
104
Training g ilit
y
a
d
Players mainly practice their
an
Speed
ball skills during training, but
also work on their speed and
agility, stamina, strength,
and tactical awareness.
High-intensity exercises, such as

sprints around obstacles, shuttle
runs, hurdle hopping, and squat
jumps, all help to improve
a player’s speed and agility.
k il ls
lls
FAST FACTS a
B
Soccer 7–9.5 miles (11–15 km)
Rugby 4–7 miles (6.5 –11 km)
Hockey 4–5 miles (6.5–8 km)
Tennis 3–5 miles (5–8 km)
Basketball 2–3 miles (3–5 km)
Football 1.25 miles (2 km)
Soccer players are exceptionally fit. They typically Players regularly train
cover a distance of between 7–9.5 miles their ball skills. The also play
practice games in which they
(11–15 km) during a 90-minute game.
work on set pieces and different
modes of attack and defense.
CLUB WORLD 105
HYDRATION
Professional
players spend
an average
of three hours
a day training.
During training, players shed

between 2 to 3 lb (1–1.5 kg)
of weight through sweat loss. The
amount can rise to 6.5 lb (3 kg)
during a game played on a hot
day. To stay hydrated, experts
recommend that players consume
about 40–50 fl oz (1.2–1.5 liters)
of fluid for each 2.2 lb (1 kg)
of weight they lose.
ina th a reness
m ng w
a tr
e la
St a
S
ic
ct
Ta
The team performs stamina- Gym workouts are The coach works with the
building exercises such as specially devised to players to make sure they know
running and circuit drills. All develop players’ leg their roles and can follow the
players must be fit enough to muscles and overall game plan during the high-
play a full game without tiring. body strength. pressure situation of a game.
106
Concussion
Head injury
resulting from
a collision with
Injury 2 another player.
Shoulder dislocation
time Dislodged shoulder
bone caused by an
Soccer is a physical game in awkward fall.
which players have to sprint,

jump, twist, turn, and tackle.
These actions place huge stress
on the muscles, joints, and
bones, and can sometimes
cause injuries.
The red circles Broken finger

highlight the parts An injury
of the body that suffered mostly
players are most by goalkeepers.
Professional
likely to injure in players sustain
a game. The number
5
an average of
inside each circle
refers to the number Back strain two injuries
of injuries suffered Muscle sprain per season.
in that area of the or tear from
overstretching
body out of every
the spine.
100 injuries.
Achilles strain Thigh strain Dead leg
Strained tendon Tear or spraining 14 Severe bruising
in heel resulting of the thigh of the muscle
from overuse. muscle, caused resulting from
by overuse. a hard blow.
23
Groin strain
Overstretching of
the groin muscle,
caused by
overreaching for
the ball.
18 Hamstring strain
Muscle sprain
6 Metatarsal fracture
caused by sprinting
Cracked foot bone
to chase the ball.
usually caused
from a tackle with
raised studs. Knee ligament damage
Overbending of the 11
knee joint, usually
caused by a
reckless tackle. Shin splints
Calf strain Tiny fractures
Muscle sprain caused by
or tear from constant
THE PHYSICAL THERAPIST'S ROLE overstretching impact.
the lower leg.
The physical therapist

treats players who get
injured during a game and
helps with their recovery
afterward. The physical 14
therapist also assesses the
fitness of players, and helps
to devise individual training
CLUB WORLD
programs that ensure that Twisted ankle

the players stay fit Severe sprain caused by
throughout the season. turning too rapidly or
a bad tackle.
107
108
A player’s week
Most professional soccer
players lead very disciplined
lives. They follow a strict
routine to ensure that they Tuesday
Monday
are fully prepared for
a game. This includes
MORNING
getting as much rest as Aerobic traini
ng Practice game
possible between games.
y
Physical therap
Individual ball sessio n
ICE BATHS skills
AFTERNOON
ng Medical
Strength traini assessment/
fitness test
After every game, players

take ice baths to treat
muscle soreness. The cold
EVENING
makes the blood vessels Free time

tighten, draining out the Free time
blood. This allows oxygen-rich
blood to get into the muscles
and helps speed up recovery.
CLUB WORLD 109
Below is an example of a professional player’s

weekly schedule. It reveals just how much training Professional
is involved. Recovery time is equally important— soccer players
players need about 8–10 hours of sleep a night.
spend about
15 hours a
week training
with the ball.
Sunday
Saturday
Friday
Thursday
Wednesday
Recovery—light
d Group and low impact
ht Power and spee
Recovery—lig io n ball skills workout
Tactical pa ct training sess
and low im
preparation
workout
Post-game
Travel to debrief led by
Practice game away game
Post-game the manager
Stretching— on team bus
debrief led by
focus on
the manager
flexibility
y
Physical therap
AWAY GAME session
Tactical
Individual ball K.O.: 3:00 pm
Group preparation
skills
ball skills
Free time
Travel back
Free time from away gam
e
HOME GAME: Free time
K.O.: 7:45 pm
110
The fans
True soccer fans are not just spectators,
but eager participants who think of
themselves as the team’s “twelfth” player.
They chant, sing, and voice their
opinions, creating the lively
atmosphere that spurs the team on.
Replica jerseys, hats,

and scarves bearing the
team’s colors are
worn to the game.
Eight out of
10 fans believe
that their
support helps
the team to
play better.
Fans revel in the loud and

energetic atmosphere they create
in the stadium. Some look forward
to being around fellow fans as
much as watching the game itself.
CLUB WORLD 111
FAST FACTS
Soccer has a global fan base of about

4 billion 4 billion, which is more than any other sport in
the world. About 64 percent of these fans are
2.5 billion male and 36 percent are female.
2.2 billion 2 billion
1 billion 0.9 billion
0.5 billion
Soccer Cricket Basketball Tennis Volleyball Field hockey Baseball
Some fans wave

flags to show
their support.
Die-hard fans often
use the melody
of popular songs
to make up
catchy chants.
FAN POWER
The general trend across world soccer

reveals that home teams win half of their
games and lose just one in four. This
might be down to the atmosphere home
fans create, giving their side a mental
edge against the visiting team.
112
Overtime
Ignacio Quereda: 27 yr (1988–2015)
at Spain (National women’s team)
5 Alex Ferguson: 27 yr (1986–2013)
at Manchester United (England)
Europe's longest-serving 4 Ronnie McFall: 30 yr (1986–2016)

at Portadown (Northern Ireland)
soccer managers are:
Bill Struth: 34 yr (1920–1954)
at Rangers (Scotland)
The soccer clubs with 3

Mickey Evans: 34 yr (1983–2007, 2009–)
at Caersws (Wales)
the highest number of
fans worldwide are: 2 Willie Maley: 43 yr (1897–1940) at Celtic (Scotland)
1
1 Guy Roux: 44 yr (1961–2005) at Auxerre (France)
Manchester
United
(England) How old are soccer fans?
650 million 2 The chart shows the percentage of all soccer fans in
fans Barcelona
five different age groups.
(Spain)
450 million 16– 25– 35– 45– 55–
fans
24 34 44 54 64
3
Real Madrid
(Spain)
350 million
fans 4
Chelsea
(England) 13%
145 million
20% 20% 18%
fans
5
Arsenal 28%
(England)
125 million
fans
77 percent of European
fans have traveled A study of Europe’s top
20
abroad to watch a game. teams over a period of seven
seasons revealed that eig
ht
England is the most popular
injuries occur for every
country for fans to visit to watch a
1,000 hours of game time.
soccer game, followed by Spain.
CLUB WORLD 113
The non-European clubs with the highest average attendances are:

Argentina
India
India
At 1 e
2 At
3
léti at K s l a ta
54 co River P l 4 9 erala Blaster s 45 ético de Kolk
,00 o rs ,11 or ,17 o rs
0 spect a t 1 spectat 1 spect a t
Mexico
4 5
US
Se rs
4 3 attle Sounde s 43
Club
America s
,73 or ,58 or
4 spectat 3 spectat
The 1950
FIFA World 48%
Cup game between 49%
North America
Europe
18%
Asia
Uruguay 10%
Africa
and Brazil The figure refers
to the percentage 13.6%
South
of players in
at theMaracana the continent's America
Stadium recorded top leagues who
are foreign.
the highest-ever
attendance: Foreign players in high demand
199,854. Almost half of the professional players signed to the top clubs in
North America and Europe are foreign. These clubs are among
the richest and attract the world's best players.
Tournaments
and trophies
The success of a team
is measured by the number
of tournaments and trophies
it has won. At international
level, national teams play
for the FIFA World Cup
every four years. In addition,
every continent has its own
competition to determine
its continental champion.
116
TOURNAMENT HIGHLIGHTS
FIFA World
Cup
Played for the first time
in 1930, and staged
1970: Brilliant Brazil
every four years, the FIFA Brazil beat Italy 4–1 in the final in
Mexico City. This was the first time
World Cup is the biggest two former champions had met in
the final. It was also the first time
competition in soccer. a FIFA World Cup tournament was
screened in color.
It decides who becomes
the game’s world
champion team.
Diego Maradona confirmed

his status as the world’s best player
when he led Argentina to a 3–2
victory over West Germany in the
2018: Fabulous France
1986 FIFA World Cup final in the
Kylian Mbappé (center) scored
Azteca Stadium, Mexico City.
the final goal when France beat
Croatia 4–2 in the FIFA World
Cup 2018 final, in Moscow,
Russia—winning the cup for
the second time.
Only 13
teams
contested the
first FIFA
World Cup in
Uruguay
in 1930.
COMPETITION FACTS
First played: Qualifying to determine

1930 the 32-team line-up
Confederation: for the FIFA World Cup
usually starts three
TOURNAMENTS AND TROPHIES
FIFA
years before the start
Number of teams: of the tournament.
32
117
118
UEFA European
Championship
The UEFA European
Championship was
Spain
first played in 1960 and Germany
have both won
and is staged every the tournament
on three
four years. It occasions.
determines the
champion
of Europe.
Portuguese players celebrate
with Eder Lopes, whose long
distance goal in extra time won
them the 2016 final in Paris,
France. Host nation France
were strong favorites, but
Portugal triumphed 1–0.
COMPETITION FACTS
First played:
1960
Confederation:
UEFA
Number of teams:
24
The number of qualifying teams for

the UEFA European Championship
finals was increased to 24 for the
first time in 2016.
TOURNAMENTS AND TROPHIES 119
1984: Allez les Bleus

Michel Platini (above) led France
to victory on home soil by scoring
nine goals in the tournament (a
record), including one in France’s
2–0 final victory over Spain.
1988: Beautiful orange

Goals from Ruud Gullit and Marco
van Basten helped the Netherlands
beat the Soviet Union 2–0 in the
final. This is the Netherlands’ only
international tournament victory.
2012: Spanish double

Two goals in each half saw Spain
demolish Italy 4–0 in the final to
become the first team in the
tournament’s history to defend
their title successfully.
120
Copa América
The Copa América is the world’s oldest
international soccer tournament.
First staged in 1916 and held every
four years, it determines the
champion of South America.
Goalkeeper Claudio Bravo was Chile’s

hero in the 2016 tournament when he
helped his side beat Argentina on
penalties. It was the second time
Chile had won the tournament.
COMPETITION FACTS
First played:
1916
Confederation:
CONMEBOL
Number of teams:
12
The current format features

12 teams. There is a group stage
(three groups of four teams) that
is followed by a knockout stage.
1949: Brazil end 27-year wait

Zizinho (above right) led Brazil as
they crushed Paraguay 7–0 in the
final. It was Brazil's third Copa
América success, but the first
time they had won the tournament
for 27 years.
1979: Perfect Paraguay

Paraguay beat Chile 3–1 on
aggregate in the final (they won
3–0 in the first leg before losing
1–0 in the second) to win the
trophy for the second time.
Brazil
and Uruguay
have won the
tournament 1993: Beyond the boundaries
every time they Argentina beat Mexico 2–1 in the
final. This was the first time teams
have been
from outside South America
hosts. (Mexico and the United States)
had competed in the tournament.
122
Africa Cup
of Nations
The Africa Cup of Nations
is a tournament to decide the champions of
Africa. It was held for the first time in 1957 and,
unlike most other major tournaments,
is staged every two years.
COMPETITION FACTS
First played:
1957
Confederation:
CAF
Number of teams:
24
Qualifying for the tournament sees 48

teams split into 12 groups. The winners
and runners-up of each group qualify.
In 2019, Algeria won

the Africa Cup of TOURNAMENT HIGHLIGHTS
Nations for the second
time in the history
of the tournament.
Scoring after just two
minutes, Algeria held
on to beat Senegal 1–0
in the final, which was
held in Cairo, Egypt.
Only three 1988: Classy Cameroon

countries took Cameroon, led by Roger Milla
part in the (above), confirmed their status as
first-ever Africa Africa’s dominant team when they
Cup of Nations beat Nigeria 1–0 in the final. It
in 1957. was their second title in four years.
1996: Home comforts

Two goals from Mark Williams
saw South Africa mark their first
appearance in the tournament
by beating Tunisia 2–0 in the
final in Johannesburg.
2008: Egypt’s sensational six

Egypt beat Cameroon 1–0 in the
final to win the tournament for the
sixth time—a seventh tournament
victory followed in 2010.
124
AFC Asian Cup

First contested in 1956, the AFC
Asian Cup is the second oldest
continental soccer championship
in the world, after the Copa
América. It is staged every
four years.
Although
outside Asia,
Australia joined
the AFC in 2006
and won the
tournament
Qatar beat Japan 3–1 in in 2015.
the 2019 final held in the
United Arab Emirates. This
was the first time Qatar
had won the AFC Asian
Cup and the first time
Japan had lost a final.
COMPETITION FACTS TOURNAMENT HIGHLIGHTS
First played:
1956
Confederation:
AFC
Number of teams:
24
Ten teams from five qualifying groups

join the teams that finished first,
second, and third in the previous
tournament, plus the hosts. 1996: Super Saudi
Goalkeeper Mohamed Al-Deayea
(above) helped Saudi Arabia beat
the United Arab Emirates 4–2
on penalties in the final, to win
the tournament for the third time.
2007: Jakarta joy for Iraq

Iraq put the political turmoil in their
own country to one side when they
beat Saudi Arabia 1–0 in the final
in Jakarta, Indonesia, to win the
tournament for the first time.
2011: Fourth title for Japan

A 109th-minute goal from
Tadanari Lee saw Japan beat
Australia 1–0 in the final in Doha,
Qatar, to win the AFC Asian Cup
for a record fourth time.
126
Olympic Games
Men’s soccer was included on the Olympic Games
program for the first time in
1900. Women had to wait
until 1996 before they had
their own
tournament.
COMPETITION FACTS
First played: The winners of

1900 (men); continental age-group
1996 (women) tournaments qualify for
the men’s competition.
Number of teams:
Women’s teams qualify
16 (men); via numerous continental
12 (women) qualifying tournaments.
After collecting silver medals in

1984, 1988, and 2012, Brazil finally TOURNAMENT HIGHLIGHTS
struck gold at their home Olympic
Soccer Games in Rio de Janeiro in 2016.
has been They beat Germany 5–4 on
played at every penalties in the final.
summer Olympic
Games except
1896 and
1932.
1952: Mighty Magyars

Hungary, known as the Mighty
Magyars, confirmed their status
as the best team in world soccer
when they beat Yugoslavia 2–0
in the final in Helsinki, Finland.
1996: Olympic firsts

The United States won the
inaugural women’s tournament
at the Olympic Games. Nigeria
became the first team from
Africa to win men’s Olympic gold.
2000: Norway strikes gold

Norway beat reigning champions
the United States 3–2 in the
women’s Olympic final—the only
final in Olympic history to be won
by an overtime golden goal.
128
FIFA Women’s
World Cup
An
unofficial
Women’s World
Cup, won by
Denmark, was
held in Italy
in 1970.
COMPETITION FACTS
First played: 1991

Confederation: FIFA
Number of teams: 24
Qualifying tournaments are
staged in each confederation to
determine the 24 teams that
qualify for the Women’s FIFA
World Cup finals.
The FIFA Women’s World Cup TOURNAMENT HIGHLIGHTS
was held for the first time in

1991. A 24-team competition, it
is staged every four years,
and is growing in size,
recognition, and status.
1991: First champions
Two goals from Michelle Akers
saw the United States beat
Norway 2–1 to win the first-ever
FIFA Women’s World Cup final,
staged in Guangzhou, China.
2007: Double gold for Germany

Germany became the first team to
defend their world crown as goals
from Birgit Prinz and Simone
Laudehr helped them to a 2–0
victory over Brazil in the final.
2011: Japan’s joy

Alex Morgan lifts the trophy with her
Japan became the first world
United States teammates after beating
champion team from Asia after
the Netherlands 2–0 in the 2019 final—
they beat the United States 3–1
a record fourth win for the US. Her
on penalties in the final in
teammate Megan Rapinoe (number 15,
Frankfurt, Germany.
above right) was awarded the Golden
Ball for player of the tournament.
130
Mohamed Salah, scorer of the

TOURNAMENT HIGHLIGHTS winning goal, lifts the trophy
after Liverpool overcame Tottenham
Hotspur 2–0 in the 2019 final, held
in Madrid, Spain. Having lost the final
the previous year, Liverpool bounced
back to win the competition for
a sixth time.
A record
380 million
viewers tuned
in to watch the
1960: Magnificent Madrid 2017–18 final on
Alfredo Di Stéfano (three goals) television.
and Ferenc Puskás (two) starred
as Real Madrid beat Eintracht
Frankfurt 7–3 in the final to record
a fifth-successive triumph.
1973: Dutch masters

Ajax beat Juventus 1–0 in the
final in Belgrade, Serbia, to
become the first team since
Real Madrid to win three finals
in a row.
2018: Record-breaking Ronaldo

Real Madrid have won the UEFA
Champions League a record 13
times, most recently in 2018.
Cristiano Ronaldo (above) is the
competition’s all-time top scorer.
UEFA Champions
League
First staged in 1956 and known as the European
Cup until 1992, the UEFA Champions League
is considered the world’s most important
club competition.
COMPETITION FACTS
First played: 1956

Confederation: UEFA
Number of teams: 78
The top teams from UEFA-qualified
countries’ domestic leagues qualify for
the tournament. The main tournament
comprises a 32-team group stage
followed by a knockout phase.
132
Copa
Libertadores
Staged for the first time in 1960 and
contested annually, the Copa Libertadores
is a competition to decide the top club
of South America.
Pelé (right, in white)

inspired Brazil’s
Santos to a second
successive title when
they beat Argentina’s
Boca Juniors 5–3 on
aggregate in the
1963 final.
COMPETITION FACTS
First played:
1960
Confederation:
CONMEBOL
Number of teams:
47
Teams qualify for the Copa Libertadores

by finishing among the top teams in the
various domestic competitions held
around South America.
1996: River Plate at the double

River Plate overturned a 1–0
first-leg deficit to beat Colombia’s
América 2–1 on aggregate in the
final. It was their second title.
2005: Battle of Brazil

São Paulo beat Atlético Paranaense
5–1 on aggregate in the final. This
was the first-ever final contested
by two teams from Brazil.
Argentine
Carlos Bianchi
is the only
manager to
win the trophy 2007: Dominant force
four times. Argentina’s Boca Juniors reached
the final for the fifth time in eight
years and beat Brazil’s Grêmio 5–0
on aggregate.
134
Roll of honor
FIFA WORLD CUP
WINNERS MOST GOALS MOST GOALS

SCORED IN A MATCH SCORED IN A FINAL
1930: Uruguay
5—Oleg Salenko
1934: Italy Russia v Cameroon,
3
1938: Italy 1994 Geoff Hurst
1950: Uruguay
England v West
1954: West Germany
MOST TOURNAMENT
1958: Brazil WINS Germany, 1966
1962: Brazil Brazil—5 MOST GOALS

(1958,1962,1970,
1966: England
1994, 2002) IN A TOURNAMENT
1970: Brazil
Germany—4 Just Fontaine—13
1974: West Germany (1954,1974, (France, 1958)
1990, 2014)
1978: Argentina Sandor Kocsis—11
Italy—4 (Hungary, 1954)
1982: Italy
(1934,1938,
1986: Argentina 1982, 2006) Gerd Müller—10
1990: West Germany Uruguay—2 (West Germany, 1970)
(1930,1950)
1994: Brazil Eusebio—9
Argentina—2 (Portugal, 1966)
1998: France
(1978,1986)
2002: Brazil Guillermo Stábile—8
France—2 (Uruguay, 1930)
2006: Italy (1998, 2018)
2010: Spain England—1 Ronaldo—8

(1966) (Brazil, 2002)
2014: Germany
Spain—1
2018: France
(2010)
UEFA EUROPEAN CHAMPIONSHIP COPA AMÉRICA
WINNERS WINNERS 1957: Argentina

1959: Argentina
1916: Uruguay 1959: Uruguay*
1960: Soviet Union
1917: Uruguay 1963: Bolivia
1964: Spain
1919: Brazil 1967: Uruguay
1968: Italy
1920: Uruguay 1975: Peru
1972: West Germany
1921: Argentina 1979: Paraguay
1976: Czechoslovakia
1922: Brazil 1983: Uruguay
1980: West Germany
1923: Uruguay 1987: Uruguay
1984: France
1924: Uruguay 1989: Brazil
1988: Netherlands
1925: Argentina 1991: Argentina
1992: Denmark 1926: Uruguay 1993: Argentina
1996: Germany 1927: Argentina 1995: Uruguay
2000: France 1929: Argentina 1997: Brazil
2004: Greece 1935: Uruguay 1999: Brazil
2008: Spain 1937: Argentina 2001: Colombia
2012: Spain 1939: Peru 2004: Brazil
2016: Portugal 1941: Argentina 2007: Brazil
1942: Uruguay 2011: Uruguay
MOST GOALS IN A TOURNAMENT 1945: Argentina 2015: Chile
Michel Platini—9 (France, 1984) 1946: Argentina 2016: Chile
1947: Argentina 2019: Brazil
Antoine Griezmann—6 (France, 2016)
1949: Brazil * An extra tournament
Marco van Basten—5 (Netherlands, 1988) 1953: Paraguay was held in 1959
1955: Argentina
Alan Shearer—5 (England, 1996) MOST TOURNAMENT
1956: Uruguay WINS
Patrick Kluivert—5 (Netherlands, 2000)
Savo Milosevic—5 (Yugoslavia, 2000) MOST WINS Uruguay

Milan Baros—5 (Czech Republic, 2004) AS A MANAGER 15
Portugal won the first 6 Argentina

UEFA Nations League final Guillermo Stábile 14
in 2019—a competition in (Argentina)
1941, 1945, 1946, Brazil
which all 55 UEFA
members compete.
1947, 1955, 1957
9
136
AFRICA CUP OF NATIONS
WINNERS 1978: Ghana

1980: Nigeria
2000: Cameroon
2002: Cameroon
1957: Egypt
1982: Ghana 2004: Tunisia
1959: Egypt
1984: Cameroon 2006: Egypt
1962: Ethiopia
1963: Ghana 1986: Egypt 2008: Egypt
1965: Ghana 1988: Cameroon 2010: Egypt
1968: Congo-Kinshasa 1990: Algeria 2012: Zambia
1970: Sudan 1992: Ivory Coast 2013: Nigeria
1972: Congo 1994: Nigeria 2015: Ivory Coast

1974: Zaire 1996: South Africa 2017: Cameroon
1976: Morocco 1998: Egypt 2019: Algeria
MOST GOALS IN A T O U R N A M E N T
Ndaye Mulamba—9 Hossam Hassan—7 Laurent Pokou—6
(Zaire, 1974) (Egypt, 1998) (Ivory Coast, 1968)
Laurent Pokou—8 Benny McCarthy—7 Hassan El-Shazly—6

(Ivory Coast, 1970) (South Africa, 1998) (Egypt, 1963)
AFC ASIAN CUP
WINNERS 1988: Saudi Arabia MOST TOURNAMENT
1956: South Korea

1992: Japan WINS
1996: Saudi Arabia Japan
1960: South Korea
1964: Israel 2000: Japan 4
1968: Iran 2004: Japan
Iran
1972: Iran 2007: Iraq
3
1976: Iran 2011: Japan
Saudi Arabia
1980: Kuwait 2015: Australia
1984: Saudi Arabia 2019: Qatar
3
OLYMPIC GAMES
WINNERS WOMEN: MOST

TOURNAMENT WINS
MEN: MOST
TOURNAMENT WINS
1900: Great Britain
United States 4 Great Britain 3
1904: Canada
1908: Great Britain Hungary 3
Norway 1
1912: Great Britain Argentina 2
1920: Belgium Germany 1 Soviet Union 2
1924: Uruguay
1928: Uruguay WOMEN: MOST GOALS IN A TOURNAMENT
1932: No tournament
Christine Sinclair—6 Birgit Prinz—5
1936: Italy (Canada, 2012) (Germany, 2004)
1948: Sweden Cristiane—5 Melanie Behringer—5
(Brazil, 2004 and 2008) (Germany, 2016)
1952: Hungary
1956: Soviet Union
1960: Yugoslavia FIFA WOMEN’S WORLD CUP
1964: Hungary
1968: Hungary WINNERS MOST GOALS IN
A TOURNAMENT
1972: Poland 1991: United States
Michelle Akers—10
1976: East Germany 1995: Norway (United States, 1991)
1980: Czechoslovakia 1999: United States Heidi Mohr—7
(Germany, 1991)
1984: France 2003: Germany
Sissi—7
1988: Soviet Union 2007: Germany (Brazil, 1999)
2011: Japan Sun Wen—7
1992: Spain (China, 1999)
2015: United States
1996: Nigeria (men); Birgit Prinz—7
United States (women) 2019: United States (Germany, 2003)
2000: Cameroon (men);

Norway (women) MOST TOURNAMENT WINS
2004: Argentina (men); United States 4 Norway 1
United States (women)
2008: Argentina (men); Germany 2 Japan 1
2012: Mexico (men);
Carli Lloyd of the United States scored
the fastest ever hat-trick in a final at the
2016: Brazil (men); 2015 Women’s World Cup against Japan.
Germany (women)
138
UEFA CHAMPIONS LEAGUE
WINNERS 1978: Liverpool

1979: Nottingham
1998: Real Madrid
1999: Manchester
1956: Real Madrid Forest United
1957: Real Madrid 1980: Nottingham 2000: Real Madrid
1958: Real Madrid Forest 2001: Bayern Munich
1959: Real Madrid 1981: Liverpool 2002: Real Madrid
1960: Real Madrid 1982: Aston Villa 2003: Milan
1961: Benfica 1983: Hamburg 2004: Porto
1962: Benfica 1984: Liverpool 2005: Liverpool
1963: Milan 1985: Juventus 2006: Barcelona
1964: Internazionale 1986: Steaua 2007: Milan
1965: Internazionale Bucharest 2008: Manchester
1966: Real Madrid 1987: Porto United
1967: Celtic 1988: PSV Eindhoven 2009: Barcelona
1968: Manchester 1989: Milan 2010: Internazionale
United 1990: Milan 2011: Barcelona
1969: Milan 1991: Red Star 2012: Chelsea
1970: Feyenoord Belgrade 2013: Bayern Munich
1971: Ajax 1992: Barcelona 2014: Real Madrid
1972: Ajax 1993: Marseille 2015: Barcelona
1973: Ajax 1994: Milan 2016: Real Madrid
1974: Bayern Munich 1995: Ajax 2017: Real Madrid
1975: Bayern Munich 1996: Juventus 2018: Real Madrid
1976: Bayern Munich 1997: Borussia 2019: Liverpool
1977: Liverpool Dortmund
MOST GOALS Jose Altafini—14 Ruud van Nistelrooy—12

(Milan, Italy— (Manchester United, England—
IN A TOURNAMENT 1962–63) 2002–03)
Cristiano Ronaldo—17 Lionel Messi—14 Lionel Messi—12
(Real Madrid, Spain— (Barcelona, Spain— (Barcelona, Spain—
2013–14) 2011–12) 2010–11)
Cristiano Ronaldo—16 Ferenc Puskás—12 Cristiano Ronaldo—12
(Real Madrid, Spain— (Real Madrid, Spain— (Real Madrid, Spain—
2015–16) 1959–60) 2016–17)
Cristiano Ronaldo—15 Gerd Müller—12 Lionel Messi—12
(Real Madrid, Spain— (Bayern Munich, Germany— (Barcelona, Spain—
2017–18) 1972–73) 2018–19)
COPA LIBERTADORES
WINNERS 1979: Olimpia

1980: Nacional
1999: Palmeiras
2000: Boca Juniors
1960: Peñarol 1981: Flamengo 2001: Boca Juniors
1961: Peñarol 1982: Peñarol 2002: Olimpia
1962: Santos 1983: Grêmio 2003: Boca Juniors
1963: Santos 1984: Independiente 2004: Once Caldas
1964: Independiente 1985: Argentinos 2005: São Paulo
1965: Independiente Juniors
2006: Internacional
1966: Peñarol 1986: River Plate
2007: Boca Juniors
1967: Racing 1987: Peñarol
2008: LDU Quito
1968: Estudiantes 1988: Nacional
1969: Estudiantes 2009: Estudiantes
1989: Atlético Nacional
1970: Estudiantes 2010: Internacional
1990: Olimpia
1971: Nacional 2011: Santos
1991: Colo-Colo
1972: Independiente 1992: São Paulo 2012: Corinthians
1973: Independiente 1993: São Paulo 2013: Atlético Mineiro
1974: Independiente 1994: Vélez Sársfield 2014: San Lorenzo
1975: Independiente 1995: Grêmio 2015: River Plate
1976: Cruzeiro 1996: River Plate 2016: Atlético Nacional
1977: Boca Juniors 1997: Cruzeiro 2017: Grêmio
1978: Boca Juniors 1998: Vasco da Gama 2018: River Plate
MOST GOALS IN A MOST WINS MOST TOURNAMENT

TOURNAMENT BY COUNTRY:
WINS
25 Argentina Independiente
Daniel Onega—17
(River Plate, Argentina—1966)
18 Brazil
(Argentina)—7
Luizão—15
(Corinthians, Brazil—2000) 8 Uruguay
Boca Juniors
(Argentina)—6
Norberto Raffo—14 3 Colombia
(Racing, Argentina—1967) Peñarol
Palhinha—13 3 Paraguay (Uruguay)—5
(Cruzeiro, Brazil—1976)
1 Chile Estudiantes
Mário Jardel—12 (Argentina)—4
(Grêmio, Brazil—1995) 1 Ecuador
140 GLOSSARY
GLOSSARY Clean sheet

Describes a result in
which a team does
Goal kick
The method of
restarting play when
Here are the meanings of some not concede a goal the ball has crossed
words relating to soccer rules, in a game. the goal line when last
tactics, and equipment. touched by an
Clearance attacking player.
A defensive move in
which a player kicks Goal line
the ball away The line marking
Added time Box-to-box from goal. between the goal
The amount of time midfielder posts; a goal is
added at the end of A midfielder who Corner arc awarded when the
each half to make up The white arc at each whole ball crosses
plays in both attack
for stoppages during corner of the field the goal line.
and defense, moving
the game. from which corners
from one penalty box
are taken. Handball
Assist to the other.
An infringement in
A pass in a game
Cross which a player (other
that directly leads Byline
A ball kicked from the than the goalkeeper)
to a goal. The markings along
side of the field, aimed touches the ball with
the edge of the field at a teammate in or the hand or arm.
Attacking team between the goalposts near the penalty area.
The team that is in
possession of the ball.
and corner flags. Halftime
Far post The 15-minute rest
Away game Caution The goalpost farthest period between the
A game that is played When the referee from where the ball is first and second
in the opponent’s shows a player in play. halves.
stadium. a yellow card for
a serious offense. First touch Hat trick
Back four The first contact a Describes the feat of
The four players in Center circle player makes with a player who scores
front of the goalkeeper the ball to control it. three goals in a
The circular marking
who form the single game.
in the middle of
defensive line. Formation
the field. The arrangement of Injury time
Bench the different players The time added at
The area next to
Center spot on a field—the the end of each half
the field in which The mark in the formation dictates to make up for time
the team staff and middle of the field, whether a team plays lost to injuries, fouls,
substitutes sit where the ball is in an attacking or substitutions, and
during a game. placed during kick off. defensive style. other incidents.
GLOSSARY 141
Kickoff Penalty Sweeper Touchline

The method of starting shoot-out An extra defensive The marking along
a game, or restarting A method of deciding player who helps the each side of the field
play after a goal. Two a winner when scores back four by dealing that denotes the edge
teammates place the are still level after with any defensive of the playing field.
ball on the center spot overtime. errors.
and kick the ball Wall
into play. Playmaker Technical area The lineup of
A player, typically The area outside the defenders during a
Man marking a midfielder, who touchline from which direct free kick, who
A method of defending controls the team’s managers shout try to limit the
set pieces in which attacking flow. instructions to the shooting angle of
each defender is team during a game. the free-kick taker.
responsible for Professional foul
watching a specific A foul deliberately Throw-in Zonal marking
attacker. committed to stop The method of A defensive system of
the opponent from restarting play when play in which players
Near post scoring. the ball goes over the are given a specific
The goalpost closest touchline. It involves area to guard.
to where the ball is Sending off throwing the ball back
in play. A situation in which in play while keeping
the referee shows a both feet on or outside
Offside trap red card to a player, the touchline.
A move in which the who must leave
back four step forward the playing field
together in an attempt immediately.
to put the opposition
into an offside Set piece
position. Refers to the method—
either a throw-in,
Overtime corner, or free kick—
The two additional used to restart play
15-minute periods after an infringement
played in cup or after the ball has
tournaments when the gone out of play.
score is still tied after
90 minutes. Substitution
The changing of
Own goal players during the
When a player scores course of a game. In
against their own team, competitive matches,
usually through an a team can make up to
accidental deflection. three substitutions.
142
INDEX
D free kicks 21, 31, 36, 38,
Deayea, Mohamed Al- 125 40–1, 70, 75, 87
dead-ball specialists 44 fullbacks 76, 77, 82, 83
defense 37, 41, 67, 68–9,
Page numbers in bold Basten, Marco van 119 74–5, 76–7, 87 G
refer to main entries Bayern Munich 100 free kicks 41 game plans 105
Beckenbauer, Franz 77 midfielders 78, 79 games 20
A Begovic, Asmir 70 set pieces 87, 88–9 international 10, 114–39
AC Milan 82 Belarus 11 see also formations preparation for 34–5,
AFC 13, 124, 136 Bianchi, Carlos 133 Denmark 10, 128 108–9
Africa 10, 11, 12, 127 Boca Juniors 132, 133, 139 Diagonal System 33 Germany 15, 16, 49, 137
Africa Cup of Nations Bosque, Vincente del 91 Allianz Arena 100
122–3, 136 Brazil 16, 17, 39, 42, 52 E Bundesliga 17, 38, 53, 99
agents 102, 103 Copa América 121, 135 Egypt 10, 123 European Championship
aggregate 121, 132, 133 Olympic Games 127 England 8–9, 10, 14, 49, 118
Ajax 91, 93130 World Cup, FIFA 84, 116, 99, 134 World Cup, FIFA 129, 134
Akers, Michelle 129 134 Premier League 17, 38, goalkeepers 22, 42, 43, 70,
Algeria 122, 123, 136 Bundesliga 17, 38, 53, 99 45, 53, 70, 93, 103 74–5, 89, 120, 125
Allianz Arena 100 equipment 20, 30–31 free kicks 40
Argentina 10, 52, 60, 133 C Eton Field Game 9 injuries 106
Copa América 121, 135 CAF 12, 122 Europe 12, 17, 38, 83 goal kicks 21
Olympic Games 137 Cameroon 52, 123 European Championship, goals 21, 22, 48–9, 53, 60,
players 103, 117 Canada 10, 16 UEFA 118–19 62, 64, 71, 77, 93
World Cup, FIFA 117 catenaccio 85, 90 European Cup see corners 45, 70, 86
Asia 13 captains 101 Champions League forwards 80, 81
Asian Cup, AFC 124–5, Casillas, Iker 74 European Championship, free kicks 40–1
136 center backs 76, 77 UEFA 118–19 offside rule 37
World Cup, FIFA 129 Champions League, UEFA overtime 127
Aston, Kevin 46 59, 74, 83, 130–1, 138 F Gomes, Eton 70
Atlético Paranaense 133 Chapman, Herbert 90 fans 5, 100, 110–11, 112 Guardiola, Pep 91
attacking 66, 80–1, 89 Chile 120 Ferreyra, Bernabé 103 Gullit, Ruud 119
midfielders 78, 79 China 6, 10, 17 field 20, 22–23 Gündogan, Ilkay 78
offside rule 36–7 clearances 77 corner arcs 44
set pieces 86–7 cleats 28–9, 58 penalty area 45 H
see also formations clubs 17, 95, 96–7, 98, 113 FIFA 11, 13, 16, 17 Haiti 10
Aubameyang, Pierre- oldest 11 World Cup (men’s) 39, halftime 71
Emerick 71 and players 102, 113 42, 45, 49, 53, 66, 75, hat tricks 134, 137, 140
Australia 11, 13, 124 coaches 97, 99, 105 116–17, 134 headers 66–7, 71, 86, 93
visiting teams 26, 34, 111 Columbia 39 World Cup (women’s) Herrera, Helenio 90
communication 30, 31, 32, 128–9, 137 history of soccer 6–9, 22,
B 33, 37, 46–7 fitness 51, 103, 104, 107 24, 26–7, 29
balls 20, 21, 24–5, 53 CONCACAF 12 Fontaine, Just 71, 134 home teams 26, 93, 111,
control of 28, 41, confederations 12–13 Football Association (FA) 9, 121, 127
56–7, 104 CONMEBOL 12, 120, 132 20, 29 Hout, Kristof Van 70
dribbling 60–1 contracts 103 world 10–11, 16 Howard, Tim 75
fouls with 39 Copa América 120–1, 135 formations 82–5 Hungary 90, 127, 137
heading 66–7 Copa Del Rey 74 forwards 80–1, 82, 83 Hurst, Geoff 134
historic 7, 9 Copa Libertadores 132–3, see also strikers hydration 105
passing 50, 58–9 139 fouls 21, 38–9, 40
shooting 62–3 corners 21, 40, 44–5, 53, 70, card system 46–7 I
tackling 68–9, 51 86, 88 France 14, 17, 99, 116, 118, Ibrahimovic, Zlatan 71
volleying 64–5 Cruyff, Johan 79 119, 134 India 17
Barcelona 59, 91, 92, 112 cuju 6–7, 16 Ligue 1 38, 53, 70, 99 Indonesia 17
INDEX 143
injuries 103, 106–7, 112 NO Rapinoe, Megan 129 fouls 39, 47

Inter Milan 90 Namibian Cup 43, 53 Real Madrid 81, 112, injuries 106, 107
Iraq 125 Netherlands 10, 79, 91, 119 130, 131 teams 34, 35, 73, 99
Israel 10 New Zealand 10 red cards 30, 46, 47, 52 television 15, 17, 130
Italy 14 Nigeria 17, 127 referees 19, 20, 30–1, 32, 33, Thailand 15
Serie A 17, 38, 52, 53, 70 North America 10, 12 35, 37 throw-ins 21, 33
World Cup, FIFA 116, 134 Norway 127, 137 assistant 20, 30, 32–3, 37 Tiki-taka 59
Ivory Coast 15 OFC 13 card system 46–7 Total Football 91
offside rule 21, 33, 36–7, 85 free kicks 36, 40 tracking devices 50–1
JK Olympic Games 126–7, 137 River Plate 103, 113, 133 training 104–5, 107, 108–9
Japan 6, 15, 124, 125, 129, Ronaldo, Cristiano 71, 130, transfers 102–3
136, 137 P 138 TSV 1860 Munich 100
kick-off 21, 34, 35 Pakistan 10 Roux, Guy 98
kit 20, 26–7 Palestine 10 rules 9, 20–21, 28, 36–7 U
cleats 28–9 Paraguay running 51, 77, 80 UEFA 12, 15
Klopp, Jurgen 91 Copa América 121 Champions League
Koeman, Ronald 77 passes 37, 50, 58–9, 70, 78, S 130–1, 138
90, 92 Salah, Mohamed 130 European Championship
L pay 102 Samuelsen, Joan 71 118–19, 135
La Liga 17, 38, 53, 70, 99 Pelé 63, 132 Santos 132 United Arab Emirates 11
Laudehr, Simone 129 penalties 22, 23, 38, 70 São Paolo 133 Uruguay 52, 117, 134
laws of the game 20–1, 26, Asian Cup, AFC 124 Saudi Arabia 124, 136 Copa América 121, 135
28, 31, 46 Copa América 120 scoring 21, 92 US 16, 17, 75
leagues 14, 17, 38, 53, kicks 21, 42–3 Scotland 10, 24 Copa América 121
70, 99 Olympic Games 127 Serie A 17, 38, 52, 53, 70 Olympic Games 127
players 113 shoot-outs 42, 43, 53 set pieces 86–9, 104 women’s soccer 15, 128,
Ligue 1 38, 53, 70, 99 World Cup, FIFA soccer 10 129, 137
Liverpool 130, 131, 138 (women’s) 129 South Africa 11, 123
Lopes, Eder 118 pep talks 35, 101 South America 10, 12 VW
physical therapists 96, 107 Copa América 120–1, 135 video assistant referee
M Platini, Michel 119 Copa Libertadores (VAR) 32
managers 34, 90, 91, 96, players 16, 20, 34–5, 108–9 132–3, 139 Wales 10
98–9, 133 agents 102, 103 Spain 38, 70, 91, 74, 134 warm-ups 35, 71
Maradona, Diego 60, 116 locker room 101 European Championship Williams, Mark 123
marking 45, 76, 87, 88 fastest 71 119 wing backs 77, 85
Mbappé, Kylian 116 injuries 103, 106–7 La Liga 17, 38, 53, 70, 99 wingers 80, 81
media 98, 116, 130 offside 21, 36–7 sponsorship 53 women’s soccer 14–15, 16
television rights 17 shortest 70 sprinting 51, 104 Olympic Games 126, 127
medical examinations 103 tallest 70 stadiums 100–1, 113 World Cup, FIFA 128–9
mental preparation 34 tracking devices 50–1 stamina 105 World Cup, FIFA (men’s)
merchandise 52 transfers 102–3 Stéfano, Alfredo Di 81, 130 39, 42, 49, 53, 66, 75,
Mesoamerican ball game wages 102 strategies 90 116–17
7, 16 World Cup, FIFA 116 strikers 36, 63, 66, 83, 84, goals 45, 71, 86, 90,
Messi, Lionel 138 see also forwards; 85, 130 116, 134
Mexico 121 goalkeepers; midfielders free kicks 40, 41 World Cup, FIFA (women’s)
Michels, Rinus 91 Portugal 118, 119 studs 28, 29 15, 128–9, 137
midfielders 78–9, 82, 83, 84, Premier League 17, 38, 45, substitutions 33, 98
85, 91 53, 70, 93, 103 Super Cup, UEFA 74 XYZ
Milla, Roger 123 Prinz, Birgit 129 Sweden 15 yellow cards 30, 46, 47
Morgan, Alex 128, 129 Puskás, Ferenc 81, 130, 138 sweepers 76, 77, 85 youth teams 17
motivation 99 Zimbabwe 11
muscles 71, 105, 108 QR T Zizinho 121
injuries 106, 107 Qatar 124, 125, 136 tackling 68–9, 77 zonal defense system 87
144
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
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Visionhaus (cla). 31 Getty Images: 123RF.com: Monika Mlynek Bob Thomas / Contributor (tr). 124-
Dean Mouhtaropoulos (bc); Jean- (background). 84 Getty Images: 125 Getty Images: Zhizhao Wu. 125
Sebastien Evrard / AFP (c). 32-33 Rolls Press / Popperfoto / Alamy Stock Photo: Reuters (tr).
Getty Images: Dmytro Aksonov Contributor (bc). 84-85 123RF.com: Rex Shutterstock: Jurnasyanto
(background); Matthew Ashton (t). Monika Mlynek. 88-89 123RF.com: Sukarno / EPA / REX (cr); Stringer /
32 Getty Images: NurPhoto (crb). Monika Mlynek. 90 Getty Images: EPA / REX (crb). 126-127 Getty
34-35 123RF.com: Monika Mlynek Popperfoto / Contributor (tc); Images: Stuart Franklin - FIFA /

Goal Soccer Like Youve Never Seen It Before (DK)

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Goal Soccer Like Youve Never Seen It Before (DK)

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CONTENTS

Individual players attracted

The ball had an

Players outside the

THE FOOTBALL ASSOCIATION (FA)

The rules Englishman Ebenezer Morley could

At the school of Eton, they played—and still do—the “Field

The first international was played

Soccer spread to countries through

1863 The Football

1904 The Haiti 1928 Israel and

1860 1890 1920

After the Football Association was

1950 1980 2010

The modern era

FIFA is soccer’s global governing body

The AFC governs soccer in Asia and, since

Founded in 1966, the OFC is the youngest

CUT OFF IN ITS PRIME

By 1920, the women’s game was

1881 An unofficial women’s 1921 The Football

1890s Several women’s 1930s Women’s

1919 The first-ever 1920 Dick, Kerr’s

1951 The first women’s Women’s soccer has gone

1960 1980 2000

Overtime ll game from

respect for other players,

80 percent 13,360,000 girls

Female players Male players

Leagues make the majority of their money by

50 percent FIFA has 211

Laws of 5 The referee

Soccer has 17 laws that cover 7 Game duration

these in 1863. The remaining

8 Start/restart of play 11 Offside 12 Fouls and

The first fields had no markings. Two 6-yard (5.5-m)

Hybrid grass—a mix of natural and artificial grass—

A tape was first

The soccer ball

standard sizes depending on the

18 type of soccer being played and

Size 5 ball Size 4 ball

Size 3 ball Beach soccer ball

- kno (58.5–61 cm) (68.5–71 cm)

There are three main

Geared up In 1921, the law was

to the high tech materials

The first player to wear

Socks worn by early players

socks until 1937. Socks must entirely

The cleat’s surface The upper part of the cleat

Studs have been shaped

Early soccer cleats were

The cleat’s sole is

Top-flight referees carry hi- A headset is used by the

The red and yellow cards

The goal-line technology (GLT)

The signal beep system

A stopwatch is used to keep track

When a team is awarded

A button on the flag

The Diagonal System

Assistant referees use a set of standard

of play of the team awarded