Jaringan Komputer Lanjut

Ethernet dan IEEE 802.3 LAN Standard

-Aurelio Rahmadian-
Pemodelan Lapisan Jaringan
Physical Layer
Physical Layer
 Media is the actual physical environment through
which data travels as it moves from one
component to another, and it connects network
devices. The most common types of net-work
media are twisted-pair cable, coaxial cable, fiber-
optic cable, and wireless. Each media type has
specific capabilities and serves specific purposes.
 Understanding the types of connections that can
be used within a network provides a better
understanding of how networks function in
transmitting data from one point to another.
Physical Layer
Jenis-jenis Media
Jenis-jenis Media
Jenis-jenis Media
Jenis-jenis Media
Type Max Speed Cost Advantages Disadvantages
Segment
Length

UTP 100 m 10 Mbps Least Easy to install, Susceptible to

100 Mbps expensive widely interference; can
available, cover only a
widely used limited distance
STP 100 m 10-100 More Reduced Difficult to work
Mbps expensive crosstalk, less with; can cover
than UTP susceptible to only a limited
EMI than UTP distance
or Thinnet
Coaxial 500 meters 10-100 Relatively Less Difficult to work
(Thicknet) Mbps inexpensive susceptible to with (Thicknet);
but more EMI than other limited
185 meters costly than types of bandwidth;
(Thinnet) UTP copper media limited
application
(Thinnet);
damage to cable
can bring down
entire network
Type Max Segment Speed Cost Advantages Disadvantages
Length

FO 3 km and 10-1000 Mbps Expensive Cannot be Difficult to

further (singlemode) tapped easily; terminate
(singlemode) great
100 Mbps-9.92 distances;
2 km and Gbps not
further (multimode) susceptible
(multimode) to EMI;
higher data
rate
Wireless 50 km - 1-54 Mbps Expensive Does not Susceptible
global require to
installation of atmospheric
media conditions
Ethernet
Logical Link Control (LLC)
 Makes the connection with the upper
layers.
 Frames the Network layer packet.
 Identifies the Network layer protocol.
 Remains relatively independent of the
physical equipment.
 Uses IEEE 802.2 standard.
Media Access Control (MAC)
 Data Encapsulation: Includes frame assembly
before transmission, frame parsing upon
reception of a frame, data link layer MAC
addressing, and error detection.
 Media Access Control: Because Ethernet is a
shared media and all devices can transmit at
any time, media access is controlled by a
method called Carrier Sense Multiple Access
with Collision Detection (CSMA/CD).
Alasan Penggunaan Ethernet
 Simplicity and ease of maintenance
 Ability to incorporate new technologies
 Reliability
 Low cost of installation and upgrade
Sejarah Ethernet
Coaxial
-10BASE5 (Thicknet)
-10BASE2 (Thinnet)
Sejarah Ethernet

UTP
-10BASE-T
-Half-duplex communication
Sejarah Ethernet

UTP
-100BASE-TX
-Full-duplex communication
Struktur Frame Ethernet
Struktur Frame Ethernet
 Header
◦ Preamble
◦ Start of Frame Delimiter
◦ Address
◦ Length
 Data (Packet)
 Trailer
Struktur Frame Ethernet
 Preamble
◦ 7 octet of 10101010
 Start of Frame Delimiter
◦ 1 octet of 10101011
 Address
◦ Source MAC Address
◦ Destination MAC Address
 Length/Ethertype
 Data (Packet-Segment-Data)
 Frame Check Sequence
◦ Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC)
 Interframe Gap
◦ 12 octet of idle-line state
MAC Address
MAC Address