San Beda College Alabang

8 Don Manolo Blvd., Alabang Hills Village,

Muntinlupa City, 1770
INTEGRATED BASIC EDUCATION DEPARTMENT (K-12)

SELF-DIRECTED ACTIVITY 3
SCIE 112 – PHYSICAL SCIENCE
Academic Year 2022 – 2023

Name: Emilio Rei D. Angka Section: GAS12-A Date: SEPT 14 Score: ______

I. EVIDENCES OF BIG BANG THEORY: Complete the table below about the basic evidences
of the Big Bang theory. The first one has been done already to serve as a guide.

Statements Brief Explanation

1. Mixtures of elements
As the universe expanded and cooled down, some of the
elements that we see today were created. The Big Bang
theory predicts how much of each element should have been
made in the early universe, and what we see in very distant
galaxies and old stars is just right.

2. Cosmic Microwave Background The Cosmic Microwave Background radiation, or CMB for
Radiation short, is a faint glow of light that fills the universe, falling on
Earth from every direction with nearly uniform intensity.

3. Redshift of Galaxies
The fabric of space expands. This is the cause primarily
responsible for the redshifting we see of distant galaxies.
Light travels through the fabric of space, which is expanding
as time progresses since the Big Bang, and that expanding
space stretches the wavelength of the light that travels
through it.

4. Abundance of Light Elements The light-element abundance in the universe is an important

piece of evidence supporting the Big Bang theory. It is an
observed fact that most of the matter in the universe are the
three lightest elements: hydrogen, helium, and lithium. These
elements were present during the initial formation of the
universe, with the heavier elements being later formed in
massive stars.

5. Looking Back in Time The time elapsed between when we detect the light here on
Earth and when it was originally emitted by the source, is
known as the 'lookback time'. The more distant an object is
from us, the further back in time we are looking.

II. STAR FORMATION, EVOLUTION AND EXPLOSION

A. Write numbers 1 to 5 in order to chronologically to arrange one of the ways of star
formation connected to the Big Bang Theory.

STAR FORMATION 1
3 - Red Giant
2 - Average Star
5 - White Dwarf
1 - Stellar Nebula
4 - Planetary Nebula

B. Write numbers 1 to 5 in order to chronologically to arrange another way of start formation

connected to the Big Bang Theory.

STAR FORMATION 2
4 - Red Giant
5 - Black Hole
5 - Neutron Star
1 - Stellar Nebula
3 - Supernova
2 - Massive Star

C. Writing Basic Neutron Capture Process: Produce the following isotopes using the basic neutron
capture process.

Example:
236
U : 10n + 235
92
236
92 U → 92 U

136
1. 54 Xe : 10n + 135 136
54 Xe  54 Xe

158 1
2. 64 Gd : 0 n + 157 158
64 Gd  64 Gd

240 1
3. 94 Pu : 0 n + 239 240
94 Pu  94 Pu

2 1
4. 1 H: 0 n + 11 H  21 H
63 1
5. 28 ¿: 0 n + 62 63
28 ¿  28 ¿

III. ELEMENTS AND ISOTOPES

Directions: Go to this link and create your own atom: http://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/build-an-

atom. Provide a screenshot of your own atom in the box below.