PHYEDUC 2 NOTES
Sports bring other things. You
MODULE 1
Advantages of Engaging in Sports
Activities
Sports are athletic events or activities
which entail physical exertion and
participation. The primary objective
of sports is enjoyment. It brings a
sense of satisfaction, and at the
same time, improves one's skills and
performance.
Sports can help you improve your
teamwork and leadership skills.
Teamwork kg together with other
people during a game or match.
Leadership is make to guide others
in an organized and responsible
manner. It helps you make wise
decisions that face all members on
your team. Teamwork and leadership
skills help you deal with other people
both in sports and in your daily
activities.
An important aspect that is
developed when you participate in
sports is sportsmanship.
Sportsmanship is the ability to treat
all players, game officials and
spectators fairly during competitions.
A good sport plays his/her best at all
times, follows the rules of the game,
and is gracious in defeat and humble
in winning
become physically fit when you train
and participate in these activities.
Your body also becomes more
flexible and stronger. If your body is
fit, your mind becomes fit too. When
you do, you become a healthier and
happier individual.
You do not need to excel in sports to
enjoy them. What matters is the
participation that you do, and not the
winning. Whatever sports you would
like to choose from, certainly there is
much fun.
If you like team games, try volleyball,
basketball, or football. These sports
can be played in school. Games you
can enjoy with another player include
chess, badminton, and tennis. You
can play them in both indoors and
outdoors with your friend or
classmate. If you prefer doing things
on your own, you may try swimming,
biking, or athletics.
There are lots of choices that you
can engage in if you choose to
indulge in sports.
Types of Sports
Sports are usually categorized
according to the number of players
participating on a specified sporting
event. Individual sports are games
played by single player against
another. The term individual came
from the medieval Latin word
individualis and individuus, where in
means "not," and dividuus as
divisible." In this kind of game, the
individual competes against his/her
previous records or skills.
Dual sports, on the other hand, are
played by two allied players opposing
another pair of players. The term
dual came from the Latin word duos
or dualis, which basically means
"two."
Individual Sports
Athletics is a term denoting a group
of athletic events held as contests
between individuals or teams. The
events may be held outdoors or
indoors.
Athletics is considered as the
simplest and oldest of sports, being
the basis of the ancient Olympic
Games. The basic categories of
athletics are track events, comprising
runs and walks; and field events,
which include jumps and throws
An athlete participating in any athletic
event should have the qualities of
strength, skill, stamina, speed and
flexibility (suppleness) which will help
him/ her in competing.
MODULE 2
ARNIS, THE PHILIPPINE
NATIONAL MARTIAL ARTS
Arnis, Our National Martial Arts Arnis
was recognized as the country's
national art and sport when former
president Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo,
signed Republic Act No. 9850 on the
11th day of December 2009. By
virtue of this Act, Arnis is
promulgated by the Philippine Sports
Commission to be the first sport
competition to be played on the first
day of Palarong Pambansa (R.A.
9850, Sec.3).
The Philippine Martial Arts or Arnis
was founded by Remegio Amador
Presas and co-founded by his
brother, Ernesto Presas. In his time,
he was aiming for a training method
that can cause less injuries, but in
the same manner of making a self-
defense system. The term "Modern
Arnis" described his style of Filipino
Martial Arts, and called this system
as Kombatan.
The native art of stick fighting was
called Arnis the Mano during the pre
Spanish period. The name referred
to Arnis differ depending on the
region's geographic location. In
Luzon, it was called Gilas, in
Visayas, it was called Kali, Baston,
Escrima; and in Mindanao, it was
called Kuntao, Moro-moro or Sinulog
Binaybani. Some historians said that
Kali was derived from a native
Indonesian fencing art called
Tjakalele.
An Arnis player uses a stick (or two
sticks) made of rattan. The traditional
Arnis stick is made of rattan with 27-
30 inches in length and has a
diameter of more or less 1 inch.
The Stances
Used in Arnis There are basic
movements or stances followed in
doing arnis. A beginner in this martial
arts should master these stances
first.
1. Ready Stance - Stand with feet
parallel to the shoulder, both toes
pointing forward. Knees should be
straight hands on waist level holding
the stick on both sides.
2. Attention Stance - With heels
close to each other, feet should form
45 degrees-angle, with knees
straight and body facing forward.
Shoulders are dropped, with both
hands on the sides. Attention stance
is usually used in preparation for
courtesy bowing before and after
sparring.
3. Forward Stance - From the
ready stance, step one foot forward
to lunge position bringing the body
not too low nor too extended lead
foot. Forward stance is commonly
used for frontal striking or blocking
techniques.
4. Oblique Stance - Starting with
the ready stance, step one foot
diagonally forward, both toes pointing
in front. Oblique stances are
commonly used for forward blocking
and evasion techniques.
5. Straddle Stance - From the ready
stance, step one foot either right or
left with knees slightly bent. Straddle
stance is also known as "Horseback
Riding" stance. This is commonly
used for blocking the strikes intended
for the side of the body.
6. Slide Stance - Starting with the
ready stance, slide either right or left
foot to the side, making a side-kick-
like position. Slide stances are
commonly used for strike deflection
and evasion techniques.
Techniques Used in Arnis 10. Right Eye Attack
Over hand stab to the right eye
There are different techniques used
in arnis: (a) the striking techniques; 11. Left Eye Attack - Underhand
(b) the blocking techniques, and (c) stab to the left eye
the sinawali techniques.
12. Crown Strike
A The Twelve Striking Techniques Straight down strike to the top of the
head
1. Right Temple Strike- Holding
the stick with your dominant hand, B. Six Blocking Techniques in Arnis
use forehand strike to the right
temple. These are the blocking techniques
used for defense
2. Left Hand Strike - Use
backhand strike to the left temple. 1. Outside blocking
Using your dominant hand, bring the
3. Right Shoulder Strike- cane vertically to your front,
Forehand strike to the right shoulder supported by your nondominant hand
at the middle
4. Left Shoulder Strike-
Backhand strike to the left shoulder 2. Inside block

5. Stomach Thrust - Straight stab Perform outside hand on the right

or thrust to the stomach side of the body.

6. Right Chest Attack Overhand - 3. Downward inside block

Stab or thrust to the right chest Hold the cane above your right
7. Left Chest Attack- Underhand shoulder before swinging downward
stab to the left chest to counter the opponent's attack

8. Left Knee Attack - Backhand 4. Downward outside block

strike to the left knee - Position the cane behind the left ear
before swinging it downward to
9. Right Knee Attack- Forehand counter the opponents' strike.
strike to the right knee
5. Rising block -Raise the cane a. Begin with the right hand up,
over the head to block the and the left hand tucked under the
opponent's blow. right shoulder
b. Strike the opponent's temple
6. Vertical block - This is done by with the right hand.
lifting the elbow, hiding the cane to c. As you retract the right hand to
shoulder level while the other hand the left shoulder strike the opponent's
supports it at the middle. knee with the left hand.
d. As you strike a backhand to
C. The Sinawali Technique the opponent's temple with the right
hand, retract the left hand to the left
Sinawali is a term referred to shoulder.
weaving activity being applied to
Eskrima. It practices the two-weapon
blocking and response method called WHY WE NEED TO LEARN ARNIS
Doblete. • Extremely practical self-
defense
1. Single Sinawali • Great all-round exercise for
health
a. Placing the canes on the • Great for fitness and
shoulder, swing one of the canes to coordination
strike the opponent's right temple. • Deadly Art of Empty-Hand,
Stick, Sword, and Knife Combat
b. Withdraw the cane abruptly, • Uncomplicated and easy to
passing to the left shoulder and learn
swing it down to strike the opponent's • Suitable for all ages and sexes
knee. Complete system of martial art

c. Withdraw the cane and place it Module 3

above the shoulder
History of Badminton
d. Repeat the whole process
•Jianzi – Traditional Chinese sport
starting with the other cane.
•Originated from battledore and
2. Double Sinawali shuttlecock that was seen in Greece,
China, Japan, and India.
•16th century - it was played in court
where the battledore (paddle) hits the
shuttlecock (bird) back and forth
(England)
•Jeu de Volant – Europe
•1860's - the existence of Poona was
distinguished where it has the same
idea of playing battledore and
shuttlecock, but with the addition of a
net
•1870's - The British armies acquired
this game in India and brought the
materials to England
•1873 - It became popular to the elite
society when it was played during a
lawn party of a Duke of Beaufort in
his country estate, Badminton,
Gloucestershire
•1877 - the Bath Badminton Club
was created to set the first official
rules
•1934 - the International Badminton
Federation was formed with 9
contributing countries as its founder.
•1992 - badminton was officially
introduced in Barcelona Olympics.
EQUIPMENT USING BADMINTON
1. Badminton Racket
The badminton racket serves as a
tool to hit the shuttlecock back and
forth the opponent's side. Its frame
shall not exceed to 680mm in length
and 230mm in width For beginners,
the head and shaft is usually made
up of alloy or steel making it heavy.
Heavy rackets are used to train and
strengthen the wrist and forearm for
a good control. Most of the racket
manufacturers categorized this as
"10" weighing 95-99 grams. "20" (90-
949) and "3U" (85- 89g) are usually
used for attacks, and "4U" (80-849)
and "50" (75-799), the lightest
rackets, are used for defenses.
2. Shuttlecock/Bird
Shuttlecocks are cone-shaped
materials made from 16 overlying
goose feathers fixed around a cork
base, covered with a thin layer of
leather. There are two types of
shuttles that have different properties
and flight paths: nylon shuttles and
feather shuttles,
3. Net
Nets should be made of fine dark
cord with a thickness of 15mm-
20mm. This must be set on a pole
positioned on the doubles sidelines.
The height from the surface must be
5ft. (1.55m) and 20ft. (6.1m) wide
4. The Court The badminton
court shall be rectangle marked with
lines of 44 wide in white or yellow
color.
PARTS OF COURT
OUTER LINE(CALLED AS SINGLE
LONG SERVICE LINE)
DOUBLE BACK SERVICE LINE
SHORT SERVICES LINE
BROKEN LINE- DITO NAKALAGAY
YUNG NET.
PURPOSE NUNG SERVICES
LINES DOON SA BACKLINE
DOUBLE OR SINGLES LONG
SERVICE LINE IS GINAGAMIT FO
DOUBLES NA SERVICE ONLY .
DOUBLE LONG SERVICE LINE IS
GINAGAMIT FOR DOULES NA
SERVING ONLY.
SHORT SERVICE LINE IS
GINAGAMIT SYA DURING
SERVICE ALSO BUT AFTER THE
SERVICE/ DURING RALLY PAG
NAGPALITAN NA ANG BOLA
INCLUDED NA YUNG AREA NA
TOH [YUNG 6.5 FEET SA PICTURE
NASA MODULE] dURING SERVICE
BAWAL PAPATAKIN YUNG BOLA
SA SHORT SERVICE LINE OR
FRONT SERVICE LINE KASI
CONSIDER AS FAULT SYA. PAG
PUMUNTA YUNG BOLA NATIN
DITO [YUNG 6.5 FEET PART DOON
SA PICTURE].
OUTER LANE NATIN IS CALLED
DOUBLES SIDE LIN NA
GINAGAMIT FOR DOUBLES ONLY
DURING SERVICE AND AFTER
SERVICE/ DURING RALLY
KASAMA NA SYA SA COURT.
SINGLE SIDE LINE ITO NAMAN
YUNG GINAGAMIT NATIN FOR
SINGLE COMPETITION. ITONG
PAYAT NA MAHABA.
CENTER LIN SYA YUNG NAG
DEDEVIDE SA RIGHT AND LEFT
SERVICE COURT NATIN NA
GINAGAMIT DURING SERVICE.
Techniques in Playing Badminton
In order to win in a badminton match,
you must consider variety of
strategies to use. You must know
when to defend and deceive the
opponent. You must know a wide
variety of strokes, making you flexible
and agile to every situation. You
must be mentally upright, observing
the opponent's strengths,
weaknesses, and patterns of play.
A. Know the Basic Grips
To start playing badminton, you must
know the two basic grips in order to
control the racket. If you haven't
learned to hold your racket properly,
you will not be able to aim accurately
and hit the shuttlecock forcefully.
• Forehand Grip - Using your
dominant/playing hand, hold the
racket as if you were shaking hands
with it. There should be a V-shape
forming in the middle of your thumb
and index finger. Grip the racket a
little bit loose to have a good control
and greater flexibility. This grip is
used for forehand shots and clear
head shots.
• Backhand Grip- Using your
dominant playing hand, press the
wider surface of the handle using
your thumb for greater leverage and
power. Still, grip the racket a little bit
loose in your fingers.
B. Know the Basic Stroke
Basically, a stroke is the swing
motion of your racket arm. You will
need to perform these strokes to hit
certain shots.
1. Overhead Forehand Stroke -
This is the most common and often
used stroke in badminton. Using the
forehand grip, this kind of stroke
creates more power than the others
2. Underarm Forehand Stroke -
An underarm forehand stroke is
usually performed when the
opponent made a drop shot and the
shuttle is clearly in front of you
3. Overhead Backhand Stroke -
This stroke is done when the shuttle
is in the backhand area where it is
above your head.
4. Underarm Backhand Stroke-
This is done when the opponent
made a drop shot to your backhand
area in front of you.
C. Familiarize Yourself with the
Different Shots
1. Clear Shot -Using the
overhead stroke, you aim the shuttle
up in the air going to the opponent's
back court.
2. Drive Shot -Make a quick
counter-attack shot, making it flat,
horizontal and fast back to the
opponent's court.
3. Drop Shot - Using an overhead
stroke, hit the shuttlecock softly
downward towards the opponent's
forecourt close to the net.
4. Smash - This is also known as
"kill", this is a powerful force from up
high in the air, hitting the shuttle
downwards and fast towards the
opponent's court.
Badminton Scoring and Serving
Systems
In most tournaments, toss coin is
used to determine who serves first in
the game.
From zero, a point is gain in every
rally you win. A game ends when a
player reaches 21 points, having a
two-point advantage. A match maybe
the best of three games, meaning,
you win a match by winning two
games.
The score indicates the area where
you will serve. When the server's
score is even number (0, 2, 4, 6, 8,
10, 12, 14...), he/she must serve from
the right service court. When the
server's score is odd number (1, 3, 5,
7, 9, 11, 13..) hel she must serve
from the left service court. Therefore,
the right service court is also called
as even service court and the left
service court as the odd service
court. In doubles, every time the
serving side succeeds a rally, the
same person serves again following
the odd-even ruling. The serve does
not alternate among the partners: it
remains with one person, until the
opponents win a rally and get the
serve
MODULE 4 ( CHESS)
A dual sport is one that can be
played between two players, such as
chess, tennis, badminton, or fencing.
In these games, the opponents face
off against one another.
Materials Used in Playing Chess
Chess is a game played by two
persons. This game develops mental
alertness and decisiveness to be
able to play. Players use a square
board consisting of 8 rows with 8
squares each. The squares are
placed alternately in white and black
colors. Each player has 16 pieces,
either in white or black.
1. King (K) - The king can move
one square in any direction
(sideways, forward. backward, or
diagonally) as long as the move is
not placed in a square under attack
by an opponent's piece.
2. Queen (Q) - The queen is the
most powerful attacking piece. It can
move in a straight line, in any
direction for any unobstructed
square.
3. Rook (R) - The rook or castle
can move any distance (forward,
backward, or sideways) as long as
the line is unobstructed by any other
piece.
4. Bishop (B) - The bishop moves
diagonally (forward or backward) for
any unobstructed square. It confines
itself to the diagonal lines of the
same color.
5. Knight (Kt) - The knight goes
two squares in a single move in any
direction (forward, backward, or
sideways); then, it advances one
more square at right angle
6. Pawn (P) - The pawn can
move only in a forward line. Each
pawn can move one or two squares
on its starting move, but thereafter, it
can only move one square at a time
Rules in Playing Chess
1. The game pieces are laid out
with the pawns arranged in each
player's second row.
2. On the first row, the rooks are
placed at each side, then the knights,
then the bishops, with the king and
queen in the two center-most
squares, opposite the opposing
player's king and queen.
3. On the first move, the player
can choose to move the pawns one
square or two squares forward (never
backwards). Or the next moves, the
pawns can only move one square at
a time.
4. The other pieces can be
moved depending upon the earlier
description of their movement.
5. When a pawn makes it to the
other side of the board, it can be
"promoted" to become another piece,
which is usually a queen.
6. Chess is a game of strategy in
which the players' objective is to
"checkmate" the opposing player's
"king". Checkmate occurs when a
player's king can no longer make any
moves without being captured.
A Quick Glimpse
1. Chess is a popular indoor
game played by two individuals.
2. The first step in learning how
to play chess is to know how to set
up the chess board. properly
3. The next vital step is learning
which pieces are allowed to move to
a safe direction
4. The object of the game is to
capture the other player's "king"
piece.