NOTE: Since the revision of NFPA 301 slipped from the 1997 Fall
Meeting revision cycle, the ROP is reprinted here on pages
108-168.
Report of the Committee on
Merchant Vessels
Morgan J. Hurley, Chair
U.S. Coast Guard, DC [E]
Mark J. Gentile, Secretar~
U.S. Dept. of Transportation, MA [U]
Matthew Andrades, Canadian Coast Guard, ON, Canada [E]
Michael L. Arnold, M&M Protection Consultants, OR [I]
JGohn G. Atherton, Burgoyne Inc., GA [SE]
race Bauer, Bauer Interiors Inc., LA JIM]
William M. Carey, Underwriters Laboratories Inc., IL [RT]
Rupert P. Chandler, Hopeman Brothers, Inc., VA [M]
Warren A. Chigoy, Jr., SOTEC, LA [M]
Rep. Fire Suppression Systems Assn.
Jcoseph J. Cox, American Inst. of Mercbant Shipping, DC [U]
harles J. Dorchak, ABS Americas, TX [E]
Rep. American Bureau of Shipping
Russell P. Fleming, Nat'l Fire Sprinkler Assn., NY [M]
John P. Goudreau, Ansul Inc., WI [M]
Rep. Fire Equipment Mfrs. Assn. Inc.
Albert W. Horsmon, Jr., ATC Chemical Corp., M I [SE]
J. Thomas Hughes, Bethesda, MD [SE]
Hslang-ChengKung, Factory Mutual Researcll Corp., MA Ill
Peter C. Lauridsen, Passenger Vessel Assn., VA [U]
Robert M. Letourneau, Newport News Sltipbuilding, VA [M]
Mark F. Malllck, New York State Office Fire Protection & Control,
NY [El
Archie Nichols, Nichols Bros. Boat Builders, WA [M]
Robert L. Ridgeway, City of Cape Girardeau Fire Dept., MO [U]
Daniel P. Russell, U.S. Dept. of tile Navy, DC [C]
Yogesh Shah, Fire-Lite Alarms/Notifier, CT [M]
Rep. Nat'l Electrical Mfrs. Assn.
William F. Sullivan, Stolt Parcel Tankers Inc., TX [U]
Yvette A. Taylor, ARCO Marine, Inc., CA [U]
Terry Wirginis, Gateway Clipper Fleet, PA [M]
108
Alternates
Kerry M. Bell, Underwriters Laboratories Inc., IL [RT]
(Alt. to W. M. Carey)
Philip J. DiNenno, Hughes Assoc.. Inc., MD [SE]
(Voting Alt. to HAl Rep.)
~okse Hernandez, U.S. Navy - Military Sealift Command/Adantic,
tel
(Ait. to D. P. Russell)
Elmer Schmidt, President Casinos, Inc.. PA [M]
(Alt. to T. Wirginis)
William L. Testa, Grinnell Fire Protection Systems Co. Inc., RI [M]
(Alt. to R. P. Fleming)
Staff Liaison: Guy 1L Colonna
This list represents the membership at the time the Committee was
balloted on the text of this edition. Since that time, changes in the
membership may have occurred. A key to classifwations is found at the
front of the book.
Committee Scope: This committee shall have primary
responsibility for documents on the protection of human life,
property, and tile marine environment from fires aboard merchant
vessels.
Tile Report of tile Technical Committee on Merchant Vessels is
presented for adoption.
Tllis Report was prepared by tile Technical Committee on
Merchant Vessels andproposes for adoption a new document,
NFPA 301, Code for Safety to Life From Fire on Merchant Vessels
This Report has been submitted to letter ballot of file Technical
Committee on Merchant Vessels, which consists of 27 voting
members. Tile results of tile balloting, after circulation of any
negative votes, can be found in tile report.
 N F P A 301 ~ A98 R O C (Reprinted f r o m F97 R O P )
(Log #38)
301- 1 - (Fixed Electric Heating Equipment for Pipelines, Vessels,
Deicing and Snow Mehing (New)): Reject
SUBMITTER: Wayne A. Williams, Raychem MS 604/6580
R E C O M M E N D A T I O N : Add new text to read as follows:
"All fixed electric heating equipment installed on merchant
vessels for heating pipelines and vessel as well as electric heating
equipment installed for prevention of ice formation on floors,
decks, doors, or hatches, shall comply with Articles 426, 427, and
500 of the National Electric Code (NEC - 1996. This equipment
shall be listed for use by a Nationally Recognized Testing
Laboratory or other agency acceptable to the authority having
jurisdiction, e.g., American Bureau of Shipping (ABS), or United
States Coast Guard (USCG)."
SUBSTANTIATION: Currently there are no specific regulations
or guidelines for use ot" these types of equipment, specific to
maritime vessels operating in the United States' waters.
Manufactures of equipment suitable for these applications,
certifying authorities, i.e., Underwriter's Laboratories, Factory
Mutual have worked with NFPA to incorporate specific
requirements for safety of these equipment in the National Electric
Code. The specific requirements are covered in Articles 426, 427,
and 500 of the NEC. New requirements for 1996 require the use of
ground fault equipment protection for these systems. These
requirements substantially reduce the risk of fires from high
impedance ground faults that may not activate standard circuit
protection, such as fuses or thermal circuit breakers.
This ,addition, will provide requirements that will raise the level of
safety on merchant vessels to a level consistent with onshore
practice in the USA. Further, it will reflect a consistent approach
to the use of these equipment with marine application
requirements in Europe, e.g., Det Norske Veritas (DNV) - Part 4
Chapter 4 (F800) 1994, Norwegian Water Resources and Energy
Administration (NVE) - Regulation for ElectJ'ical Installation -
Maritime Installations (2121-2129) 1990, The Institution of
Electrical Engineers (IEE) - Regulations for the Electrical and
Electronic Equipment of Ships 1990 (16.16-16.23).
Finally, these requirements will address a recommendation made
by the National Transportation Safety Board in its Marine Accident
Report PB95-916402 NTSB/MAR-95/02. Page 54 states,
Conclusions "7. A national marine s,afety standard for vessels of the
safe use of heat tape is needed."
COMMITTEE ACTION: Reject.
COMMITTEE STATEMENT: See Comnfittee Statement on
Proposal 301-2 (Log# 39).
NUMBER OF COMMITTEE MEMBERS ELIGIBLE T O VOTE: 27
V O T E O N C O M M I T T E E A C T I O N : AFFIRMATIVE: 21
NEGATIVE: 5
NOT RETURNED: 1 DORCHAK
EXPLANATION OF NEGATIVE:
ANDRADES: I supl,ort Mr. Fleming's comments.
DINENNO: I agree with the comments supl)orting Mr. Fleming's
negative vote, so I am also voting negative on the action for dais
Proposal.
FLEMING: The committee action should be to accept in part
since the proposed reference to Articles 426, 427 and 500 of the
NEC is included in the committee action on 301-2. The committee
needs to clarify why it rejected the other part of the proposal.
GOUDREAU: I support the comments of Mr. Fleming.
RIDGEWAY: I support the comments of Mr. Fleming.
(Log #39)
301- 2 - (Fixed Electric Heating Equipment for Pipelines, Vessels,
Deicing and Snow Melting (New)): Accept in Principle in Part
SUBMITTER: Wayne A. Willimns, Raychem MS 604/6580
RECOMMENDATION: Add new text to read as follows:
X.0 Fixed Electric Heating Equipment for Pipelines, Vessels,
Deicing and Snow Melting. All fixed electric heating equipment
installed on merchant vessels for heating pipelines and vessels as
well as electric heating equipment installed for prevention of ice
formation on floors, decks, doors, or hatches, shall comply with
Articles 426, 427, and 500 of the National Electric Code (NEt) -
1996. This equipment shall be listed for use by a Nationally
Recognized Testing Laboratory or other agency acceptable to the
authority having jurisdiction, e.g., American Bureau of Shipping
(ABS), or United States Coast Guard (USCG).
X.1 Special Applic~ttions. In addition to the requirements of the
NEC the following shall apply.
109
X.I.1 Decks and Floors. Heating cables or panels may be
installed in floors or decks provided they are encased in mortar, or
concrete or installed in suitable conduits greater than 3/4 in. in
diameter the conduits installation should meet the requirements of
Articles 345, 346, and 351 as applicable. Other methods of
atmdlment may be permitted when approved by the authority
having jurisdiction.
X.1.2 Cold Storage and Freezer Doors. Heating cables installed
for freeze protection on doors to cold storage and freezer rooms
may not exceed 5 W/ft (16.4 W/m) of frame. The heating cables
should be installed in closed ducts or similar made of or lined
with, incombustible material.
Excepdon: Self-Regulating Cables - Self-regulating cables may
exceed the prescribed load limit provided the surface temperature
of the material being heated does not exceed 140°F (60°C).
X.1.3 Rails on Open Decks. Heating cables installed in rails on
open decks shall not exceed 12 W/ft (40 W/m) of rail.
Exception: Self-Regulating Cables - Self-regulating cables may
exceed the prescribed load limit provided the surface temperature
of the material being heated does not exceed 140°F (60°C).
SUBSTANTIATION: Currently there are no specific regulations
or guidelines for use of these types of equipment, specific to
maritime vessels operating in the United States' waters.
Manufactures of equipment suitable for these applications,
certifying authorities, i.e., Underwriter's Laboratories, Factory
Mutual have worked widl NFPA to incorporate specific
requirements for safety of these equipment in the National Electric
Code. The specific requirements are covered in Articles 426, 427,
and 500 of the NEC. New requirements for 1996 require the use of
ground fault equipment protection for these systems. These
requirements substantially reduce the risk of fires from high
impedance ground faults that may not activate standard circuit
protection, such as fuses or thermal circuit breakers.
This addidon will provide requirements that will raise the level of
safety on merchant vessels to a level consistent with onshore
practice in die USA. Further, it will reflect a consistent approach
to the use of these equipment with marine application
requirements in Europe, e.g., Det Norske Veritas (DNV) - Part 4
Chapter 4 (F800) 1994, Norwegian Water Resources and Energy
Administration (NVE) - Regulation for Electrical Installation -
Maritime Installations (2121-2129) 1990, The Institution of
Electrical Engineers (IEE). Regulations for the Electrical and
Electronic Eqnipment of Ships 1990 (16.16 - 16.23).
Finally, these reqnirements will address a recommendation made
by the National Transportation Safety Board in its Marine Accident
Report PB95-916402 NTSB/MAR-95/02. Page 54, states,
Conclusions "7. A national marine safety standard for vessels of the
safe use of heat tape is needed."
COMMITTEE ACTION: Accept in Principle in Part.
Accept part of the first recommendation.
Add new text to read as follows:
7-7 Fixed Electric Heating Equipment for Pipelines, Vessels,
Deicing and Snow Melting. All fixed electric heating equipment
installed on merchant vessels for heating pipelines and vessels as
well as electric heating equipment installed for prevention of ice
formation on floors, decks, doors, or hatches, shall comply with
Articles 426, 427, and 500 of the National Electric Code (NEC) -
1996.
Reject the remainder of the recommendations submitted.
COMMITTEE STATEMENT: The Committee recognizes the
sigafificance of the electric heating tape issue as it has been detailed
by the NTSB in a recent marine investigation reporL Reference to
the appropriate NEC articles is sufficient.
The intent of the Committee is to reference the minimum
acceptable standards, not to detail heating tape requirements.
NUMBER OF COMMITTEE MEMBERS ELIGIBLE T O VOTE: 27
VOTE ON COMMITTEE ACTION: AFFIRMATIVE: 26
NOT RETURNED: 1 DORCHAK
(Log #8)
301- 3 - (Area of Refuge): Accept in Principle
SUBMITTER: Alex Loudon, Guido Perla & Assoc., Inc.
RECOMMENDATION: Area of Refilge: Weather Deck refilge
areas are not "protectively bounded from fire and smoke,"
SUBSTANTIATION: Same substantiation as Proposal 301-6 (Log
#1).
COMMITTEE ACTION: Accept in Principle.
See Committee Proposal 301-40 (Log #CP1). See Paragraph
5-2.10.1.1(c) Exception No. 2 in NFPA 301.
COMMITTEE STATEMENT: The Committee has accomplished
what the submitter proposed in the proposed document.
NUMBER OF COMMITTEE MEMBERS ELIGIBLE T O VOTE: 27
VOTE ON COMMITTEE ACTION: AFFIRMATIVE: 26
NOT RETURNED: 1 DORCHAK
 N F P A 301 - - A98 R O E (Reprinted f r o m F97 R O P )
(Log #6)
301- 4 - (Electrical and Control Spaces): Accept in Principle
SUBMITTER: Alex Loudon, Guido Perla & Assoc., Inc.
RECOMMENDATION: Definition of "electrical and control
spaces" are spaces containing vital equipment and systems and
should not be included with routine electrical eqmpment spaces.
SUBSTANTIATION: Same substantiation as Proposal 301-6 (Log
#1).
COMMITTEE ACTION: Accept in Principle.
See Committee Proposal 301-40 (Log #CP1). See 4-1.5 and 4-1.12.
COMMITTEE STATEMENT: The Committee has accomplished
what tl~e submitter proposed in the proposed document.
NUMBER OF COMMITTEE MEMBERS ELIGIBLE TO VOTE: 27
VOTE ON COMMITTEE ACTION: AFFIRMATIVE: 26
NOT RETURNED: 1 DORCHAK
(Log #7)
301- 5 - (Main Vertical Zone): Reject
SUBMITTER: Alex Loudon, Guido Perla & Assoc., Inc.
RECOMMENDATION: Additional description in second
paragraph renders file term "mean length" in tile first paragraph
meaningless. Also, there is no definition or discussion of Long
Main Vertical Zone (LMVZ). Ref. NVIC 8-93.
SUBSTANTIATION: Same substantiation as Proposal 301-6 (Log
#1).
COMMITTEE ACTION: Reject.
COMMITTEE STATEMENT: Main vertical zones are an
antiquated concept that is arbitrarily based on every second main
transverse watertight bulkhead. Main vertical zones are not
required by NFPA 301. Horizontal exits provide a similar and
more flexible design approach dmt is being used in dais document.
See 5-1.2.
NUMBER OF COMMITTEE MEMBERS ELIGIBLE TO VOTE: 27
VOTE ON COMMITTEE ACTION: AFFIRMATIVE: 26
NOT RETURNED: 1 DORCHAK
(Log #1)
301- 6 - (1-2.1): Reject
SUBMITrER: Alex Loudon, Guido Perla & Assoc., Inc.
RECOMMENDATION: What is intended by dae term "merchant
vessel"? Is it anticipated that dais code will apply to all merchant
vessels (e.g., ferries, tugboats, dinner cruise vessels, trawlers,
fishingboats)?
SUBSTANTIATION: As a general comment, we agree daat 46
CFR does need updating, but we are concerned at the magnitude
of the changes daat are being proposed. The rapid growdl in
Casino vessel designs in tim past three years has highlighted dm fact
tlaat some of file current regulations are not directly applicable to
this type of vessel, (i.e. high density passenger vessels), but, on tile
odaer band, it is foolish to impose new regulations on existing
designs that have a proven excellent safety record.
The Code does not adequately define "merchant vessel", but if we
assume dlat it encompasses casino boats, small subchapter "T"
excursion boats, fishing vessels, ferries, supply boats, processors,
tankers and tugs, we are looking at a fleet of several hundred boats
dlat do not comply wida the new code. The majority of tllese
vessels undergo major conversions during d~eir lifetime, but
requiring them to comply with dais code, may put many of them
out of business.
The Coast Guard have done an adequate j o b of regulating the
safety of vessels by using dm existing regulations, and where
necessary, supplementing dmse regulations wida Navigation mad
Vessel Inspection Circulars, (NVIG's), Policy File Memorandums,
(PFM's), and Marine Technical Notes, (MTN's). We are surprised
daat very few of these documents have been incorporated into the
new code, and in fact some of tile new code requirements are
radically different from those established by die above publications.
We underst,and dmt tim USCG are revising NVIC 6-80, which is the
"Guide to Structural Fire Protection Aboard Merchant Vessels",
and trust dmt dae new code requirements are being coordinated
wida dais revised NVIC.
COMMITTEE ACTION: Reject.
COMMITTEE STATEMENT: At present, dais st.andard applies to
~ assenger vessels, cargo vessels, tank vessels, and towing vessels.
resently, NFPA 301 does not exclude odaer vessel types, but it also
does not directly include specific requirements for vessels oilier
daan passenger, cargo, tanker or towing. Future editions of this
standard may include specific provisions daat apply to odaer vessel
types.
NUMBER OF COMMITTEE MEMBEI~S ELIGIBLE TO VOTE: 27
VOTE ON COMMITTEE ACTION: AFFIRMATIVE: 26
NOT RETURNED: 1 DORCHAK
110
(Log #2)
301- 7 - (1-4.1, 1-4.2): Reject
SUBMITTER: Alex Loudon, Guido Perla & Assoc., Inc.
RECOMMENDATION: 1-4.1 - Date for implementation for new
vessels. Grandfathering requirements for existing vessels.
1-4.2 - Need definition of "major modification." Also time table
for implementation.
SUBSTANTIATION: Same substantiation as Proposal 301-6 (Log
#1).
COMMITTEE ACTION: Reject.
COMMITTEE STATEMENT: This standard is presently only
intended to apply to new vessels. Implementation will be
determined by dm authority having jurisdiction. See Chapter $ for
definition of major modification.
NUMBER OF COMMITTEE MEMBERS ELIGIBLE TO VOTE: 27
VOTE ON COMMITTEE ACTION: AFFIRMATIVE: 26
NOT RETURNED: 1 DORCHAK
(Log #3)
301- 8 - (1-6.1): Reject
SUBMITTER: Alex Loudon, Guido Perla & Assoc., Inc.
RECOMMENDATION: Date for implementation for new vessels.
Grandfatlaering requirements for existing vessels.
SUBSTANTIATION: Same substantiation as Proposal 301-6
(Log #1).
COMMITTEE ACTION: Reject.
COMMITTEE STATEMENT: This standard is presently only
intended to apply to new vessels. Implementation will be
determined by the authority having jurisdiction.
NUMBER OF COMMITTEE MEMBERS ELIGIBLE TO VOTE: 27
VOTE ON COMMITTEE ACTION: AFFIRMATIVE: 26
NOT RETURNED: 1 DORCHAK
(Log #4)
301- 9 - (2-8): Reject
SUBMITTER: Alex Loudon, Guido Perla & Assoc., Inc.
RECOMMENDATION: After "existence of fire" add "and smoke."
SUBSTANTIATION: Same substantiation as Proposal 301-6
(Log #1).
COMMITTEE ACTION: Reject.
COMMITTEE STATEMENT: Smoke is one of many products of
combustion. This requirement, if modified as proposed could
also include heat and toxic gases produced from combustion.
NUMBER OF COMMITTEE MEMBERS ELIGIBLE TO VOTE: 27
VOTE ON COMMITI'EE ACTION: AFFIRMATIVE: 26
NOT RETURNED: 1 DORCHAK
(Log #5)
301- 10 - (4-1.2): Accept in Principle
SUBMITTER: Alex Loudon, Guido Perla & Assoc., Inc.
RECOMMENDATION: Duplication of definition in Chapter 3.
Also, table duplicates Chapter 3. This also applies to paragraph
4-1.4, 1.5, and 1.6.
SUBSTANTIATION: Same substantiation as Proposal 301-6
(Log #1).
COMMITTEE ACTION: Accept in Principle.
See Committee Proposal 301-40 (Log #CP1).
COMMITI'EE STATEMENT: Tile Committee has accomplished
what the submitter proposed in the proposed document by moving
tile definitions in question.
NUMBER OF COMMITTEE MEMBERS ELIGIBLE TO VOTE: 27
VOTE ON COMMITrEE ACTION: AFFIRMATIVE: 26
NOT RETURNED: 1 DORCHAK
(Log #9)
301- 11 - (5-1.3.1(d)): Accept in Principle
SUBMITTER: Alex Loudon, Guido Perla & Assoc., Inc.
RECOMMENDATION: Unnecessarily prohibits piping
penetrations in exit enclosures. Any fumetight pipingpenetration
conforming to A-class requirements should be allowed.
SUBSTANTIATION: Same substantiation as Proposal 301-6
(Log #1).
COMMITTEE ACTION: Accept in Principle.
See Committee Proposal 301-40 (Log #GPI). See Paragraph
5-1.3.1 (d) Exception.
COMMITTEE STATEMENT: The Committee has accomplished
what the submitter proposed in the proposed document.
NUMBER OF COMMITTEE MEMBERS ELIGIBLE TO VOTE: 27
VOTE ON COMMITrEE ACTION: AFFIRMATIVE: 26
NOT RETURNED: 1 DORCHAK
 N F P A 301 ~ A98 R O C (Reprinted from F97 ROP)
(Log #10)
301- 12 - (5-2.1.3.1): Accept in Principle
SUBMITrER: Alex Loudon, Guido Perla & Assoc., Inc.
RECOMMENDATION: Exception should be granted for doors
from machinery spaces.
SUBSTANTIATION: Same substantiation as Proposal 501-6 (Log
#1).
COMMITTEE ACTION: Accept in Principle.
See Committee Proposal 301-40 (Log #CP1). Add a new
exception to 1 2 - 2 . 2 . 2 as follows:
I 12-2.2.2, Exception No. 2: Doors shall be permitted to be
reduced to 700 mm (28 in.) in width.
COMMITTEE STATEMENT: The submitter did not provide a
specific recommendation, but did point out the need to consider
different door sizing requirements for engineering and machinery
spaces. The Committee has accomplished what die submitter
r~ed in the proposed document.
ER OF COMMITTEE MEMBERS ELIGIBLE TO VOTE: 27
VOTE ON COMMITTEE ACTION: AFFIRMATIVE: 26
NOT RETURNED: 1 DORCHAK
(Log #11)
301- 15 - (5-2.9): Accept in Principle
SUBMITTER: Alex Loudon, Guido Perle & Assoc., Inc.
RECOMMENDATION: "Fire escape ladders" need to be defined
with regard to their application onboard vessels.
SUBSTANTIATION: Same substantiation as Proposal 301-6 (Log
#1).
COMMITTEE ACTION: Accept in Principle.
See Committee Acticn on Proposal 301-40 (Log #CP1). See
Paragraph 5-2.8.
COMMITTEE STATEMENT: The Committee has accomplished
what the submitter proposed in the proposed document.
NUMBER OF COMMITTEE MEMBERS ELIGIBLE TO VOTE: 27
VOTE ON COMMITTEE ACTION: AFFIRMATIVE: 26
NOT RETURNED: 1 DORCHAK
(Log #12)
301- 14 - (5-2.11.3.1): Accept in Principle
SUBMITTER: Alex I.,oudon, Guido Perla & Assoc., Inc.
RECOMMENDATION: Weather decks should be included as
acceptable "areas of refuge."
SUBSTANTIATION: Same substantiation as Proposal 501-6 (Log
#1).
COMMITTEE ACTION: Accept in Principle.
See Committee Action on Proposal 301-40 (Log #CPI). See
5-2.10.I.I(c) Exception No. 2 in NFPA 501.
COMMITTEE STATEMENT: The Committee has accomplished
what the submitter proposed in the proposed document.
NUMBER OF COMMITTEE MEMBERS ELIGIBLE TO VOTE: 27
VOTE ON COMMITTEE ACTION: AFFIRMATIVE: 26
NOT RETURNED: 1 DORCHAK
(Log #15)
301- 15 - (5-8, 5-8.1): Reject
SUBMITTER: Alex Loudon, Guido Perla & Assoc., Inc.
RECOMMENDATION: 5-8 Illumination of means of egress.
5-8.1 General illumination levels and fixtures must meet the
requirements of 46 CFR, SubchapterJ, Electrical Engineering, and
IES RP-12, Recommended Practice for Marine Lighting.
Paragraphs 5-8.1 through 8-2.2 should be deleted. This
publication should not attempt to duplicate existing lighting or
power requirements, but should simply state when special
reqmrements are necessary and not addressed in die existing
regulations.
SUBSTANTIATION: Same substantiation as Proposal 301-6 (Log
#1).
COMMITTEE ACTION: Reject.
COMMITTEE STATEMENT: 46 CFR SubchapterJ contains
fundamental requirements, but lacks die specificity contained in
Section 5-8.
NUMBER OF COMMITTEE MEMBEKS ELIGIBLE TO VOTE: 27
VOTE ON COMMITTEE ACTION: AFFIRMATIVE: 26
NOT RETURNED: 1 DORCHAK
111
(Log #14)
301- 16 - (5-9): Reject
SUBMITFER: Alex Loudon, Guido Perla & Assoc., Inc.
RECOMMENDATION: Emergency Lighting
Illumination of means of egress.
General illumination levels and fixtures must meet the
requirements of 46 CFR, Subchapter J, Electrical Engineering, and
IES RP-12, Recommended Practice for Marine Lighting.
Paragraphs 5-8.1 through 8-2.2 should be deleted. This
publication should not attempt to duplicate existing lighting or
power requirements, but should simply state when special
requirements are necessary and not addressed in die existing
regulations.
SUBSTANTIATION: Same substantiation as Proposal 501-6 (Log
#1).
COMMITTEE ACTION: Reject.
COMMITTEE STATEMENT: 46 CFR SubchapterJ contains
fundamental requirements, but lacks the specificity contained in
Section 5-8.
NUMBER OF COMMITTEE MEMBERS ELIGIBLE TO VOTE: 27
VOTE ON COMMrIq'EE ACTION: AFFIRMATIVE: 26
NOT RETURNED: 1 DORCHAK
(Log #15)
301- 17- (5-10.3.5): Reject
SUBMITTER: Alex Loudon, Guido Perla & Assoc., Inc.
RECOMMENDATION: Sentence should read:
"Every sign required to be illuminated by 5-10.3 shall be
continuously illuminated :z rcqu~rcd u=dcr d~c prv:%~c.a: ~f
Secdc.r. 5 ~. and powered from an emergency light source.
SUBSTANTIATION: Same substantiation as Proposal 301-6 (Log
#1).
COMMITTEE ACTION: Reject.
COMMITrEE STATEMENT: It is not the intent of 5-10.3.5 to
require emergency lighting of exit signs. Reference to 5-8 requires
tllat die lighting of exit signs be continuous and will not be
rendered ineffective by file failure of a single bulb, etc.
NUMBER OF COMMITTEE MEMBERS ELIGIBLE TO VOTE: 27
VOTE ON COMMITTEE ACTION: AFFIRMATIVE: 26
NOT RETURNED: 1 DORCHAK
(Log #16)
301- 18 - (5-10.3.6): Reject
SUBMITTER: Alex Loudon, Guido Perla & Assoc., Inc.
RECOMMENDATION: Paragraph should read:
"Where emergency lighting facilities are required
app~!~-.~!e F.rc'.'!=!c.~-=c f C!:.~.~ter: **?** forindividual occupanciesr
.~c.".!t'cz. . .;c die level of illumination of the exit signs shall be at
die levels provided in accordance with 5-10.3.2 or 5-10.3.3 for die
required emergency lighting time durationzz zFcc'.qcd ir~ 5 9.2.1,
but shall be permitted to decline to 60 percent of the illumination
level at die end of the emergency lighting time duration."
SUBSTANTIATION: Same substantiation as Proposal 301-6 (Log
#1).
COMMITI'EE ACTION: Reject.
COMMITTEE STATEMENT: The Committee believes that where
emergency lighting is required, the exit signs should also be
capable of operation in the event of primary power failure. The
changes proposed would remove the requirement that exit signage
be capable of emergency operation.
NUMBER OF COMMITTEE MEMBERS ELIGIBLE TO VOTE: 27
VOTE ON COMMITTEE ACTION: AFFIRMATIVE: 26
NOT RETURNED: 1 DORCHAK
(Log #17)
301- 19 - (7-1.3.3, Exception No. 1): Accept in Principle in Part
SUBMITTER: Alex Loudon, Guido Perla & Assoc., Inc.
RECOMMENDATION: Sentence should read:
"The installation of all wiring, cable, and equipment shall be in
accordance with .~t^~.--~ . . . . . . . . .o. .......
. . e .7. . . . . . . . e. .......... . ,v *** 46 CFR
SubchapterJ - Electrical Engineering, and IEEE Standard 45.
Exception - The first sentence of paragraph should read:
WLcr: tl~c firc dctcctlc.z, z)~tcm d3c~ n.~t include a mca.'~= c.f
r . . . . . ... .h,l :a
. . . . ~n,;c..:~l...e,
... C-".:!:detecter :ndl;~.du~!) ", ~ . . -. . No zone may
cover more than one deck w'flz'r. :=ccm..~c~.~dcn, =e.-~.~.=c:.r:.5
con=re! z:.t::~.'-cnz in each MVZ.
 N F P A 301 ~ A98 R O C (Reprinted f r o m F97 R O P )
SUBSTANTIATION: Same substantiation as Proposal 301-6 (Log
#1).
COMMITTEE ACTION: Accept in Principle in Part.
The reference to 46 CFR Subchapter 6 and IEEE has been
included in 7-1.$.3. See Committee Action on Proposal 301-40
(Lo~ #CP1). See paragraph 7-6.
Reject the wording change to die Exception.
COMMITTEE STATEMENT: Paragrap_h 7-6 in die proposed
d o c u m e n t contains a reference to 46 CFR S u b c h a p t e r J . The
Committee has accomplished what the submltter p r o p o s e d in the
p r o p o s e d document.
The other proposed change was rejected because die Exception
has been deleted and because die term Main vertical zones was
used and it is no longer in dais document.
NUMBER OF COMMITTEE MEMBERS ELIGIBLE TO VOTE: 27
VOTE ON COMMITTEE ACTION: AFFIRMATIVE: 26
NOT RETURNED: 1 DORCHAK
(Log #34)
301- 20 - (7-2.1.1): Accept
SUBMITTER: Morgan J. Hurley, U.S. Dept. o f Transportation
[ RECOMMENDATION: Replace reference to NFPA 11A widl 46
I CFR 76.17. Delete reference to NFPA 16.
SUBSTANTIATION: NFPA l l A and 16, in their present forms,
are not suitable for marine application. Concerns such as piping
corrosion from raw water exposure and tile unique nature of
marine power supplies (NFPA 70 is n o t totally applicable to
shipboard power distribution systems) are not considered. While
it is possible to put NFPA I I A and 16 into suitable formats,
d o c u m e n t s such as NFPA 13 and 750 took significant effort to put
into a format applicable to marine installations. It is not
reasonable to expect a user o f NFPA 301 to determine d~e
modifications n e e d e d to a referenced doctlment for p r o p e r marine
use.
COMMITTEE ACTION: Accept.
NUMBER OF COMMITTEE MEMBEI~S ELIGIBLE TO VOTE: 27
VOTE ON COMMITTEE ACTION: AFFIRMATIVE: 26
NOT RETURNED: 1 DORCHAK
(Log #35)
301- 21 - (7-2.1.3): Accept
SUBMITTER: Morgan J. Hurley, U.S. Dept. of Transportation
RECOMMENDATION: Replace reference to NFPA 20 with 46
CFR 56.50.
SUBSTANTIATION: NFPA 20, in its present form, is not suitable
for marine application. Concerns such as piping corrosion from
raw water exposure and the unique nature of marine power
supplies (NFPA 70 is n o t totally applicable to shipboard power
distribution systems) are n o t considered. While it is possible to
put NFPA 20 into a suitable format, d o c u m e n t s such as NFPA 13
and 750 took significant effort to put into a format applicable to
marine installations. It is n o t reasonable to expect a user of NFPA
301 to d e t e r m i n e tile modifications n e e d e d to a referenced
d o c u m e n t for proper marine use.
COMMITTEE ACTION: Accept.
NUMBER OF COMMITTEE MEMBERS ELIGIBLE TO VOTE: 27
VOTE ON COMMITTEE A ( ~ I O N : AFFIRMATIVE: 26
NOT RETURNED: 1 DORCHAK
(Log #18)
301- 22 - (%2.3.2.1, Exception No. 2): Accept in Principle
SUBMITTER: Alex Loudon, Guido Perla & Assoc., Inc.
RECOMMENDATION: 75 psi is too much, nozzle pressure should
be 50psl.
For a 7 / 8 in. diameter nozzle orifice as required for over 1500
gross tons (Ref. 46 CFR 95.10-10 for Czugo & Misc. Vessels and 46
CFR 76.10-10 for Passenger Vessels) nozzle reaction force is 90 Ibs.
Exception 1 of %2.3.2.2 indicates dmt nozzle reaction should not
exceed 80 Ibs.
The requirement, in Exception No. 3~ dlat fire pumps service die
fire main only will not result in improved safety. Indeed, the more
d e p e n d a b l e p u m p is the one which is used frequently.
The r e q u i r e m e n t in Exception No. 1 dmt fire pump capacity be at
l e ~ t 100 GPM is n o t consistent with the use of 3 / 4 in. hose
described in Exception No. 4 for vessels u n d e r 65 feet in length.
We note that where two - I 1/2 in. outlets are used instead of a
single 2-1/2 in. oudet, two lmses would be required to be
connected. This is in excess of USCG regulations (46 CFR 76.10-
112
10(b) and 46 CFR 95.10-10(b)] that only one hose is required at
each fire station.
In Exception No. 6, we note a r e q u i r e m e n t for spare nozzles. Is
there any evidence that nozzles break or wear out?
SUBSTANTIATION: Same substantiation as Proposal 301-6 (Log
#1).
COMMITTEE ACTION: Accept in Principle.
See Committee Action on Proposal 301-40 (Log #CP1). See
paragraph 7-2.15.1.
COMMITTEE STATEMENT: T h e Committee has accomplished
what the submitter proposed in file p r o p o s e d document.
NUMBER OF COMMITTEE MEMBERSELIGIBLE TO VOTE: 27
VOTE ON COMMITTEE ACTION: AFFIRMATIVE: 26
NOT RETURNED: 1 DORCHAK
(Log #19)
301- 23 - (%2.5.7.2.1): Reject
SUBMITTER: Alex Loudon, Guido Perla & Assoc., Inc.
RECOMMENDATION: Pressure tests should be in accordance
with USCG Requirements described in 46 CFR 56.97-30 that is at
least 1.5 times the maximum allowable working pressure. Also, last
word in last sentence should be "drainage" not "damage."
SUBSTANTIATION: Same substantiation as Proposal 301-6 (Log
#1).
COMMITTEE ACTION: Reject.
COMMITTEE STATEMENT: See Committee Action on Proposal
301-40 (Log #CP1), paragraph %2.5. The d o c u m e n t no longer
contains the requirements the submitter is addressing.
NUMBER OF COMMITTEE MEMBERS ELIGIBLE TO VOTE: 27
VOTE ON COMMITTEE ACTION: AFFIRMATIVE: 26
NOT RETURNED: 1 DORCHAK
(Log #20)
301- 2 4 - (%2.6.2.4): Reject
SUBMITTER: Alex Loudon, Guido Perla & Assoc., Inc.
RECOMMENDATION: In general, reference to NFPA Standards
is suitable for manufactured c o m p o n e n t s which are unique to fire
protection, but are applied to a variety of sites; such as cylinders,
discharge valves, nozzles, etc. Requirements for generic materials
such ,as pipe and fittings should be referenced to Marine Standards
such as 46 CFR or ASTM, Standard 1155-88, or should be
incorporated into the Code.
SUBSTANTIATION: Same substantiation as Proposal 301-6 (Log
#1)o
COMMITTEE ACTION: Reject.
COMMITTEE STATEMENT: See Committee Action on Proposal
301-40 (Log #CP1), paragraph 7-2.6. T h e referenced NFPA
standards do contain relevant marine specific requirements.
NUMBER OF COMMITTEE MEMBERS ELIGIBLE TO VOTE: 27
VOTE ON COMMITTEE ACTION: AFFIRMATIVE: 26
NOT RETURNED: 1 DORCHAK
(Log #21)
301- 25 - (7-2.6.3.10 Exception): Accept
SUBMITrER: Alex London, Guido Perla & Assoc., Inc.
RECOMMENDATION: All systems should have alarms.
Additionally, where the CO 2 alarm for an automatically actuated
system is not audible from tile pilot house or a normally occupied
engineering space, an audible alarm should be included in the
~ilot house or engineer's operating station. Such an alarm could
e battery-powered and included in tile ship's machinery alarm
system or fire alarm system.
SUBSTANTIATION: Sanle substantiation as Proposal 301-6 (Log
#1).
COMMITTEE ACTION: Accept.
COMMITTEE STATEMENT: See Committee Action on Proposal
301-40 (Log #CP1), paragraph 7-2.7. NFPA 12 requires an alarm.
NUMBER OF COMMITTEE MEMBERS ELIGIBLE TO VOTE: 27
VOTE ON COMMITTEE ACTION: AFFIRMATIVE: 26
NOT RETURNED: 1 DORCHAK
(Log #22)
301- 26- (Table %2.10.4.5): Reject
SUBMITTER: Alex London, Guido Perla & Assoc., Inc.
RECOMMENDATION: In the table, it should be clarified flaat
where multiple types are listed for each class of space, that the
 NFPA 301 - - A98 ROC (Reprinted from F97 ROP)
various types are "or" options and not a requirement to have all of
the various types in each space.
SUBSTANTIATION: Same substantiation as Proposal 301-6 (Log
#1). - VOTE ON COMMITIT, E ACTION: AFFIRMATIVE: 26
COMMITTEE ACTION: Reject.
COMMITTEE STATEMENT: The table has been removed from
the standard, so it is not possible to accomplish what has been
rl~s~d. See Committee Proposal 301-40 (Log #CP1).
R OF COMMITTEE MEMBERS ELIGIBLE TO VOTE: 27
VOTE ON COMMITTEE ACTION: AFFIRMATIVF~ 25
NOT RETURNED: l DORCHAK
(Log #23)
301- 27 - (7-3.1.2.5.5): Accept in Prindple
SUBMITTER: Alex London, Guido Perla & Assoc., Inc.
RECOMMENDATION: Where is "Group 1" defined?
SUBSTANTIATION: Same substantiation as Proposal 301-6 (Log
#1).
COMMITTEE ACTION: Accept in Principle.
COMMITTEE STATEMENT: See Committee Proposal 301-40
(LOg #CP1). The term has been deleted, so it does not need to be
defined.
NUMBER OF COMMITTEE MEMBERS ELIGIBLE TO VOTE: 27
VOTE ON COMMITTEE ACTION: AFFIRMATIV~ 26
NOT RETURNED: 1 DORCHAK
(Log #24)
301- 28 - (7-3.1.2.6.1): Accept in Principle
SUBMITTER: Alex Loudon, Guido Peria & Assoc., Inc.
RECOMMENDATION: Recommend that line size should be
specified by diameter and not circumference.
SUBSTANTIATION: Same substantiation as Proposal 301-6 (Log
#1).
COMMITIT~ ACTION: Accept in Principle.
See Committee Proposal ~01-40 (Log #CP1).
COMMITTEE STATEMENT: The requirement for life lines has
been deleted. The Committee has accomplished what the
submitter proposed in the proposed document.
NUMBER OF COMMITTEE MEMBERS ELIGIBLE TO VOTE: 27
VOTE ON COMMITTEE ACTION: AFFIRMATIVE: 26
NOT RETURNED: 1 DORCHAK
(Log #25)
301- 29 - (7-3,1,2.9,5): Accept in Principle
SUBMITTER: Alex Loudon, Guido Perla & Assoc., Inc.
RECOMMENDATION: This section is not related to "$CBA
Compressed Air Recharging System."
Quantities appear to be excessive. Is there any evidence that
quantifies described in existing USCG regulations are not
sufficient? Where quantities are related to number of crew, the
criteria should be "required crew" so that a vessel operator is not
penalized for providing manning in excess of minimum
requirements. Also, such a crew count should not include maids,
food servers, gaming dealers, gift shop workers, etc., only "marine
crew".
SUBSTANTIATION: Same substantiation as Proposal 301-6 (Log
#1).
C O ~ ACTION: Accept in Principle.
See Committee Proposal 301-40 (Log #CP1). See %3.2.1.
COMMITTEE STATEMENT: The requirements for recharging of
breaddug apparatus cylinders has been revised and accomplishes
die intent of the submitter.
NUMBER OF COMMITTEE MEMBERS ELIGIBLE TO VOTE: 27
VOTE ON COMMITIT~ ACTION: AFFIRMATIVF_~ 26
NOT RETURNED: 1 DORCHAK
(Log #26)
301- 30 - (7-.~.1.2.9.6): Accept in Principle
SUBMITrER: Alex London, Guido Perla & Assoc., Inc.
RECOMMENDATION: Very little of this section is related to
"SCBA Compressed Air Recharging System."
SUBSTANTIATION: Same substantiation ~ Proposal 301-6 (Log
#1).
COMMITTEE ACTION: Accept in Principle.
See Committee Proposal 301-40 (Log #CP1). See paragraph
7-3.2.1.
113
COMMITTEE STATEMENT: See Committee Statement for
Proropososal301-21 (Log#25).
NUMBER OF COMMITTEE MEMBERS ELIGIBLE TO VOTE: 27
NOT RETURNED: 1 DORCHAK
(Log #27)
301- 31 - (7-4.3): Accept
SUBMITTER: Alex Loudon, Guido Perla & Assoc., Inc.
RECOMMENDATION: Table for duct sheet metal dfickness is
nice, but not related to fire safety.
SUBSTANTIATION: Same substantiation as Proposal 301-6 (Log
#1).
COMMITTEE ACTION: Accept.
COMMITTEE STATEMENT: See Committee Proposal 301-40
(Log #CP1). Table Ires been deleted, as suggested by the
submitter.
NUMBER OF COMMITIT~ MEMBERS ELIGIBLE TO VOTE: 27
VOTE ON COMMITIT,E ACTION: AFFIRMATIVE: 26
NOT RETURNED: 1 DORCHAK
(Log #'28)
301- 32 -~(7-4.5): Accept in Principle
SUBMITrER: Alex Loudon, Guido Peria & Assoc., Inc.
RECOMMENDATION: Is rids generally al)plicable to electric
heaters only and not steam or hot water umt heaters?
SUBSTANTIATION: Same substantiation as Proposal 301-6 (Log
#1).
COMMITrEE ACTION: Accept in Principle.
Add exception to 7-4.4 to read:
Exception: Interlocks shall not be required on water and steam
duct heaters.
COMMITTEE STATEMENT: This paragraph applies to all duct,
portable, and bulkhead mounted heaters. No specific wording was
proposed, but this should satisfy the intent of the submitter.
NUMBER OF COMMITTEE MEMBERS ELIGIBLE T O VOTE: 27
VOTE ON COMMITTEE ACTION: AFFIRMATIVE: 26
NOT RETURNED: 1 DORCHAK
(Log #37)
301- 33 - (7-4.7.$): Accept
SUBMITTER: Morgan J. Hurley, U.S. Dept. of Transportation
[ RECOMMENDATION: Delete paragraph and table.
SUBSTANTIATION: This paragraph does not concern fire
protection, and is therefore outside of the document scope.
COMMI'I'IT~ ACTION: Accept.
COMMITrEE STATEMENT: See Committee Proposal 301-40
(Log #CP1).
NUMBER OF COMMITI'EE MEMBERS ELIGIBLE TO VOTE: 27
VOTE O N COMMITTEE ACTION: AFFIRMATIV~ ')6
NOT RETURNED: 1 DORCHAg
(Log #29)
301- 34 - (7-4.7.13): Reject
SUBMrITER: Alex Loudon, Guido Peria & Assoc., Inc.
RECOMMENDATION: Fourth line: "6 air charges/hr" should be
"6 air changes/hr"
SUBSTANTIATION: Same substantiation as Proposal 301-6 (Log
#1).
C O M M I T T E E ACTION: Reject.
COMMITTEE STATEMENT: See Committee Proposal 301-40
(Log #CP1). Section deleted, m proposed change is not
applicable.
NUMBER OF COMMIIWEE MEMBERS ELIGIBLE TO VOTI~ 27
VOTE ON COMMrVFEE ACTION: AFFIRMATIVE~ 26
NOT RETURNED: 1 DORCHAK
(Log #30)
SOL $5 - (74.7.15): Reject
SUBMITIT_,R: Alex Loudon, Guido Peda & Assoc., Inc.
RECOMMENDATION: Air vdocity limit is not related to fire
safety.
Dimensions of the duct described have no relationship to "any
other system duct."
 NFPA 301 - - A 9 8 ROC (Reprinted from F97 ROP)
SUBSTANTIATION: Same substantiation ,as Proposal $01-6 (Log
#1).
COMMITTEE ACTION: Reject.
COMMITTEE STATEMENT: See Committee Proposal 301-40
(Log #CPI). Paragraph has been deleted so proposed change is
not applicable.
NUMBER OF COMMITTEE MEMBERS ELIGIBLE TO VOTE: 27
VOTE ON COMMITTEE A c r I O N : AFFIRMATIVE: 26
NOT RETURNED: 1 DORCHAK
(Log #31)
301- 36 - (7-4.7.18): Accept in Principle in Part
SUBMITTER= Alex Loudon, Guido Perla & Assoc., Inc.
RECOMMENDATION: A "hospital" on a ship (except a "hospital
ship") is not a 'qlealdl care facility" as intended by NFPA 99. It is
just a suitably located c.abin with stretdler access and a ~rivate
toilet, and for fire safety purposes should be treated simdar to
other passenger spaces.
SUBSTANTIATION: Same substantiation as Proposal $01-6 (Log
#1).
COMMITTEE ACTION: Accept in Principle in Part.
See Committee Proposal $01-40 (Log #CP1). Accept the concept
that medical and health care spaces (bospital space) are treated
like accommodation spaces in the cargo and tank vessel chapter.
See Calapter 18.
Reject proposed change that would include die above approach
for all vessels, i.e., passenger vessels.
COMMITTEE STATEMENT: Tile Committee agreed with die
submitter for the cargo and tank vessel application, but not for all
vessels. On [sassenger vessels hospitals may not be tile only space
in which limited mobility or d e p e n d e n t mobility individuals are
present (for example, elderly and children).
NFPA 99 only contains supplementary requirements that are
applicable for patient anesthetizing locations. If no patient
anesthetizing locations exist, there will be no supplementary
requirements.
NUMBER OF COMMrlTEE MEMBERS ELIGIBLE T O VOTE: 27
VOTE ON COMMITTEE ACTION: AFFIRMATIVE: 26
NOT RETURNED: 1 DORCHAK
(Log #32)
301- 37 - (7-4.7.21 through 7-4.7.24): Accept
SUBMITTER: Alex Loudon, Guido Perla & Asso~, Inc.
I RECOMMENDATION: Not related to fire safety.
SUBSTANTIATION: Same substantiation as Proposal 301-6 (Log
#1).
COMMITTEE ACTION: Accept.
COMMITTEE STATEMENT: See Committee Proposal 301-40
(Log #CPI) and Proposal 301-33 (Log #37) which deleted die
requirements as suggested by the submitter.
NUMBER OF COMMITTEEMEMBERS ELIGIBLE TO VOTE: 27
VOTE ON COMMITTEE ACTION: AFFIRMATIVE: 26
NOT RETURNED: I DORCHAK
(Log #33)
301- 38 - (7-5): Accept
SUBMITTER: Alex Loudon, Guido Perla & Assoc., Inc.
RECOMMENDATION: This repeats 7-4.7.16.
S U B S T A N T I A T I O N : Same substantiation as Proposal 301-6 (Log
#1).
COMMITTEE ACTION: Accept.
COMMITTEE STATEMENT: See Committee Proposal $01-40
(Log #CP1). Paragraph 7-5 has been deleted.
NUMBER OF COMMITTEE MEMBERS ELIGIBLE TO VOTE: 27
VOTE ON COMMITTEE ACTION: AFFIRMATIVE: 26
NOT RETURNED: 1 DORCHAK
(Log #36)
301- 39 - (7-6): Reject
SUBMITTER: Morgan J. Hurley, U.S. Dept. of Transportation
RECOMMENDATION: Replace reference to NFPA 82 with IMO
MEPC.59 (33)
SUBSTANTIATION: NFPA 82, in its present form, is not suitable
for marine application. Concerns such as slfip construction
(NFPA 82 calls for brick lined chimneys) and die unique nature of
marine power supplies (NFPA 70 is not totally applicable to
shipboard power distribution systems) are not considered. While
114
it is possible to p u t NFPA 82 into a suitable format, documents
such as NFPA 1 3 a n d 750 took installations. It is not reasonable to
expect a user of NFPA 301 to determine the modifications needed
to a referenced document for proper marine use.
COMMITTEE ACTION: Reject.
COMMITTEE STATEMENT: See Committee Proposal 301-40
(Log #CPI). The section with tile reference to NFPA 82 has
already been deleted so it is not possible to do what die submitter
ER OF COMMITrEE MEMBERS ELIGIBLE TO VOTE: 97
VOTE ON COMMITTEE ACTION: AFFIRMATIVE: 26
NOT RETURNED: 1 DORCHAK
(Log #CPI)
301- 40 - (Entire Document): Accept
SURMITTER: Technical Committee on Merchant Vessels
RECOMMENDATION: Adopt a new document, NFPA 301, Code
for Safety to Life from Fire on Merchant Vessels.
SUBSTANTIATION: In 1993, the Coast Guard approached the
NFPA Standards Council with a request to form a new committee
which would develop a consensus standard on fire protection of
merchant vessels, similar in format to the Life Safety Code. The
basis for this request was a Coast Guard initiative known as
"Maritime Regulatory Reform". One aspect of Maritime Regulatory
Reform involves greater use of industry standards in lieu of detailed
design requirements contained in file Code of Federal Regulations.
The initial approadl advocated by file Coast Guard was to
develop a standard which was applicable to passenger vessels only,
and add requirements for different vessel types in future editions.
However, the committee agreed that it would not take much more
effort to draft a standard which was applicable to passenger vessels,
cargo vessels, a n d tank vessels. Towing vessels were added to fl~is
list in anticipation of a federal law mandating fire protection
upgrades. Other vessel types might be added in future editions.
By shifting development and maintenance of regulations to
standards making organizations, the regulators (in tills case tile
Coast Guard) are assured of dynamic standards which are regularly
updated. The regulated community benefits by increased input
into the rules they would subsequently follow.
Similar efforts have either been completed or are underway to add
marine
specific criteria into existing fire protection system standards,
including
antomatic sprinklers (NFPA 13), water mist (NFPA 750), carbon
dioxide (NFPA
12), foam (NFPA 11), and portable extinguishers (NFPA 10).
COMMITTEE ACTION: Accept.
NUMBER OF COMMITTEE MEMBERS ELIGIBLE T O VOTE: 27
VOTE ON COMMITTEE ACTION: AFFIRMATIVE: 18
NEGATIVE: 8
NOT RETURNED: 1 DORCHAK
EXPLANATION OF NEGATIVE:
ANDRADES: Based upon die comments of Mr. Chandler and
Mr. Fleming I vote negative on this proposal.
CHANDLER: General Comment. NFPA 301 does not offer an
acceptable level of fire protection on board merchant vessels.
Current regulations, via U.S. Coast Guard requirement and SOl_AS
recommendations, result in marine constructions which are much
safer vessels in regards to fire protection.
NFPA 301 must not provide a lower level of fire protection safety
dlan currently exists in the maritime industry;, tile public deserves
the highest level of fire protection our current technology can
economically provide.
This document as written needs additional review and revisions
before being distributed to other members of NFPA for review.
Specific: Topic - Interior finishes.
Comment 1. Requirements for interior finish are stated in
paragraph 6-$.3. An exception was added at tile last committee
meeting to paragraph 6-3.3.1. "Exception: Materials that do not
exceed 2 mm (0.075 in) in thickness."
If this exception is allowed, interior finishes would have no fire
protection requirements because the vast majority of all marine
finishes are less than 2 mm thick. Removing the performance
criteria as stated in paragraph 6-3.3.1 or 6-3.3.2 by applying this
exception is n o t acceptable. Therefore, I recommend deleting the
exception to paragraph 6-3.3.1.
Comment 2. Paragraph 5-1.4. Interior finish in exits shall meet
6-5.3.1. Paragraph 6-5.3.1 does not exist; paragraph 6-3.3 is the
proper reference.
Comment 3. Paragraph 10-3.1 Interior finish shall comply wifll
6-5. Paragraph 6-5.$.1 does not exist; paragraph 6-$.3 is die proper
reference.
Cominent 4. Paragraph 11-3.1 Interior finish shall comply wld~
 N F P A 301 ~ A98 R O C (Reprinted f r o m F97 R O P )
6-5. Paragraph 6-5.3.1 does n o t exist; paragraph 6-3.3 is the proper
reference.
C o m m e n t 5. Paragraph 13-3.1 Interior finish shall comply with
6-5. Paragraph 6,-5.3,1 does n o t exist; paragraph 6--3.3 is the proper
reference.
C o m m e n t 6. Paragraph 18-3 Protection makes no general
reference to interior finishes. I r e c o m m e n d adding a paragraph
u n d e r 18-3 which states: Interior finishes in all accommodation
spaces shall comply with paragraph 6-3.3.
C o m m e n t 7. Paragraph 19-4.2.1 sets the criteria for interior finish
o f Group I, II, and III p:~senger vessels at an unacceptable level o f
protection. Passenger vessels constitute one of the highest levels of
risk for the public, and the fire protection guidelines should so
reflect. Therefore, | r e c o m m e n d deleting paragraph 19-4.2.1 and
r%place with: Interior finishes shall comply widl paragraph 6-3.3.
1 o p i c - Furnishings.
C o m m e n t 8. The fire protection community has known for years
the importance of tlae contents of a space in regards to fire
protection. Regulations currently exist as to the performance of
fumislfings in a fire scenario and to the a m o u n t of combustibles
which are allowed per unit area on a m e r c h a n t vessel.
NFPA 301 should clearly state the current policy regarding
furnishings. If the regtJlations that are in use today are in error,
then tiae committee should make corrections.
C o m m e n t 9. Paragraph 19-15.12.4 makes reference to section 8-
3.4 wlfich does n o t exist in tile document.
C o m m e n t 10. Paragraph 19-15 is not referenced as a section to
which any group of passenger vessels must comply, see paragraph
19-1.1.1. I r e c o m m e n d fl~e committee review this subject area and
revise the d o c u m e n t as appropriate.
Topic - C o m m e n t 11. Smokeproof enclosures are not used in
marine construction. A consensus does not exist with the marine
community as to how to control the ventilation requirements in the
event of a fire. It may be impossible economically to have a
s m o k e p r o o f enclosure on a m e r c h a n t vessel.
I r e c o m m e n d d e l e d n g any reference to the construction or use of
a s m o k e p r o o f enclosure on a m e r c h a n t vessel.
115
DINENNO: Based u p o n the comments of Mr. Chandler and Mr.
Fleming I vote negative on this Proposal.
FLEMING: Section 2-1 states that a fundamental requirement of
the code is to provide for 100 p e r c e n t serf-sufficiency in
extinguishing or controlling fires, protecting lives and property.
However, section 7-2.15, in combination with the limited
requirements for fire protection systems and equipment, appear,
inadequate to fulfill this goal.
There are insufficient requirements for automatic sprinkler or
mist systems. The much-referenced SOLAS a g r e e m e n t has, since
1994, m a n d a t e d such systems in accommodations and service
spaces for ,all new international vessels carrying more than 36
passengers. All such existing vessels must be retrofitted on a
schedule from 1997 to 2005. For NFPA 301 to provide for a level o f
s,afety less than the m i n i m u m international standard makes the
entire d o c u m e n t of questionable value and a possible
embarrassment to the NFPA.
Ships are much like high-rise buildings, since they cannot be
readily evacuated and they pose serious challenges to conventional
fire fighting techniques. NFPA 101 requires automatic suppression
systems in high-rise buildings, a n d NFPA 301 should do the same.
GOUDREAU: Based u p o n the comments of Mr. Chandler and
Mr. Fleming I vote negative on this Proposal.
H U G H E S : I believe that our original goal was to provide a higher
level of fire protection mad life safety for ships than is currently
provided in US Coast Guard regulations, SOI.AS agreements or
elsewhere. Task Group I proposed that the basic protection
r e q u i r e m e n t be complete automatic sprinkler protection, perhaps
with cost reduction provisions for finishes and furnishing.
Sprinkler protection, in general, did not survive and I believe that
NFPA 301, as it exists now, will not provide as high a level of
protection as required in other standards.
KUNG: Based upon Mr. Chandler's C o m m e n t 1 and C o m m e n t
7, l vote negative on dais Proposal.
RIDGEWAY: Based u p o n the c o m m e n t s of Mr. Chandler and Mr.
Fleming I vote negative on this Proposal.
COMMENT ON AFFIRMATIVE:
G E N T I L E : 1 believe dais d o c u m e n t still needs work, however, I
believe it is in the best interest of the marine industry to submit tiffs
Proposal for Public Comment.
S H A H : I have reviewed Mr. Chandler's comments a n d I agree
that the committee (task group) should review the topics of
interior finishes a n d fi, rnishings and make appropriate corrections.
 NFPA 301 - - A98 R O C (Reprinted from F97 ROP)
NFPA 301
Code for Safety to Life from Fire
on Merchant Vessels
1998 Edition
NOTICE: An asterisk (*) following the n u m b e r or letter
designating a paragraph indicates that explanatory material on
die paragraph can be found in Appendix A.
Chapter 1" Administration
1-1 Title. NFPA 301, Code for Safe~. to Life from Fire on Merchant
Vessels, shall be known as the Merchant Vessel Code and is referred
to herein as "dfis code" or "the code."
1-2 Purpose.
1-2.1 Tile purpose of this code is to provide minimum
requirements, with due regard to fimctlon, for die design,
operation, and maintenance of merchant vessels for safety to life
from fire and similar emergencies,
1-2.2 As related to fire safety, the objective of this code is to protect
tile passengers and crew from loss of life. It is also intended that
the code will provide for minimum loss of property and minimum
impact on the environment . . . . .:i:'~.:~" "-'-:'~,::':':.~::~
1-2.3 The level of safety is aclfieved by the combination of design,
prevention, protection, egress, and oflaer features enumerated in
die individual vessel occupancy classification with due regard to the
capabilities and reliability of die features involved. Recognition is
given to human factors and to tile need for crew training and
passenger instruction.
-:~.~!::.:... with all 6~..:~p;rovisions of the code.
1-2.4 The code endeavors to avoid requirements that might involve ~ii~!~-.-.::.-::.~.
unreasonable hardships or unnecessary inconvenience or
interference with the normal use of a vessel, but provides minimum "% . ~ i i - ~ l t e r a t i o n
requirements for fire safety consistent with die public inter~:.~-?..,:,
..~.":'?:'x'~i~iiii.-:.."i
i.
1-3 Scope. .:.#~.:."ii)':[ "~!ii":
1-3.1 This code addresses the protection of human " f i f e i ~ ~ i ~ ? ! : ~ i i i i Y " l - 6 . 3 Vessels or portions of vessels shall be permitted to be
and the marine environment from fires aboard .m...e.Ldmnt~ l . s .
.-::~."-'-~:'~""-:~-::"{~.'.:::,. "~'i'i~i!i~-'.,..-,
1-3.2 The code addresses those constrnctio....ffi':":'~xrran'~t, "~;~:"
protection, and space utilization factors ~.*.:~sary to rfi~J~alze..~i#s"
danger to life from fire, smoke, fumes, 6~: ~ c : It also :~vid~es
for reasonable protection against property d ~ i ~ e and a~icLance
of environmental damage consistent with die n ' ~ l op.:.~ation of
vessels. %.:'.-%:i:.',~::"
%ii~:"
1-3.5 The code identifies die minimum criteria fof~'/he design of
egress facilities so as to permit prompt escape of passengers and
crew to safe areas aboard vessels ,and, where necessary, to lifeboat
embarkation stations.
1-3.4 The code recognizes that life safety is more than a matter of
egress and, accordingly, deals with other considerations that are
essential to life safety. It also recognizes the unique operating
environment of merchant vessels and the relationslfips.among life
safety, property protection, mad environmental protecnon and deals
with these accordingly.
I-3.5 Where permanently moored and occupied as buildings,
merchant vessels shall be treated as buildings and shall be subject
to the provisions of appropriate building codes and standards as
specified by the local authority havingjurisdictlon.
I-4 Application.
14.1 This code applies to new constrnction merchant vessels and
is recommended for application to existing vessels. The code
applies to all vessels except pleasure craft, which are covered by
NFPA 302, Fire Protection StaTwlard for Pleasure and Commercial Motor
Craft, and war ships.
14.2 Existing vessels undergoing major modification or conversion
shall comply with all requirements of tiffs code within die areas
being modified and ancillary sltpport systems.
1-4.3 Any alteration or any installation of new equipment, joinery,
or furnishings shall comply with the requirements for new
construction.
14.4 Where specific requirements contained in Chapters 8
through 16 differ from general requirements contained in Chapters
1 through 7, the requirements of Chapters 8 through 16 shall
govern. Where die requirements in Chapters 17 through 19 differ
from the requirements in Ciaapters 1 through 16, the requirements
in Chapters 17 through 19 shall govern.
14.5 Provisions in Excess of Code Requirements. Nothing in this
code shall be construed to prohibit additional means of egress, or
otherwise safer means of egress fllan those specified by the
minimum requirements of this code.
1-5 Equivalency Concepts.
1-5.1 Nothing in dais code is intended to prevent the use of
systems, methods, or devices of equivalent or superior quality,
strength, fire resistance, durability, a n d safety as alternatives to
those prescribed in dais code. (See Appendix B.)
1-5,2 The specific requirements of dais code shall be permitted to
be modified by the authority having jurisdiction to allow alternative
arrangements dlat will secure as nearly equivalent safety to life from
fire as practicable, ~.ut in no case shall the modification afford less
safety to life than~-...which, in the j u d g m e n t of the authority
h a v i n g j u r i s d i c ~ i , ~//5"iildbe provided by compliance with die
c o r r e s p o n d i ~ i ~ ) ~ i s i o n s contained in dais code.
1".~ V e.~..~i.-..with'~.~ative fire protection features accepted by
die atL~."i/~:v."'~i~vingj ~ s ~ l l q # o n shall be considered as conforming
witl~.:.~t~'~C da~4L ~s-
~:.~i~ii~ ::.:ii-i.... 4-:~
4~ii~i~es$~ii~gnstruction, Repair, and Alteration.
"::~!!-'%--::i:'-':"'::;:"
:'"
1 - 6 . 1 * ' ~ e l s built or converted to meet this code shall comply
"~ig'"
"% "':::::.~'~!::..~..ha~'~esin Service. In any vessel, whether necessitating a
or not, a change in service from one use to
: ~ f i f i a o t l ~ shall be permitted only if such vessel, or portion daereof,
'%conforms with die requirements of this code applying to new
,. ":~i~#struction for die proposed new use.
":*-:~'~" occupied during conversion, repair, alterations, or additions only if
all means of egress and all fire protection features are in place and
continuously maintained for the portion occupied.
1-7 Maintenance.
1-7.1 Whenever or wherever any device, equipment, system,
condition, arrangement, level of protection, or any other feature is
required for compliance wid~ the provisions of fltis code, such
device, equipmenL system, condition, arrangement, level of
protection, or other feature shall thereafter be permanendy
maintained unless the code exempts such maintenance.
1-7.2 Additional approved llfe safety features such as, but not
limited to, automatic sprinklers, fire alarm systems, standpipes, and
horizontal exits, if not required by die code, shall be permanently
maintained or removed.
Chapter 2 Fundamental Requirements
2-1 Fundamentals. Tile following are requirements intended to be
met in applying dais code:
(a) Limit fire to the space and deck of origin
(b) Provide for 100 percent sdf-sufliciency in extinguishing or
controlling fres, protecting lives, and protecting property
(c) Prevent pollution of the marine environment from fuels,
lubricants, cargo, and extinguishing agents
(d) Provide protected escape routes for egress from the space of
origin
(e) Provide areas of refilge
(f) Avoid obstruction of maritime commerce
(g) Provide for rapid improvement of requirements as marine
and fire protection technology advances
(11) Recognize the role of fire-fighting training of crew
(i) Use performance requirements wherever possible
116
 N F P A 301 ~ A98 R O C (Reprinted f r o m F97 R O P )

(j) Provide for adequate inspection, maintenance, and

housekeeping requirements A-Class Division. See 6-2.3.2.1.

2-2 Every vessel shall be provided with means of egress and other A-Class Door. See 6-2.3.3.1.
safeguards sufficient to provide a reasonable degree of safety for
passengers and crew. The design of means of egress and other Accommodation Area, A g r o u p of accommodation spaces and
safeguards shall be such that reliance for safety to life will not interconnecting corridors or spaces.
d e p e n d solely on any single safeguard; additional safeguards shall
be provided for life safety in case any single safeguard is ineffective Accommodation Spaces. See 4-1.2 or 8-1.
due to h u m a n or mechanical failure.
Area o f refuge. See 5-1.2.
2-3 Every vessel shall be constructed, arranged, equipped,
maintained, and operated to avoid u n d u e d,'mger to the lives and Atrium. A continuous deck o p e n i n g connecting dlree or more
safety of its passengers and crew from fire, smoke, fi, mes, or deck levels within an accommodation space that is covered at the
resulting panic during the period of time reasonably necessary to top of die series of openings and is used for purposes other than
defend in place or for that period of time n e e d e d to a b a n d o n ship. an enclosed stairway, elevator hoistway, escalator opening, or a
utility trunk for pipe, cable, or ductwork.
2-4 Every vessel shall be provided with means of egress and other
safeguards of kinds, numbers, locations, and capacities appropriate Authority Having Jurisdiction. * The organization, office, or
to the individual vessel with due regard to the vessel service, the individual responsible for approving equipment, an installation, or
capabilities of the passengers and crew, die n u m b e r of persons a procedure.
exposed, the fire protection available, die type of construction of
die vessel, and other factors necessary to provide all passengers and Balcony.* Area dlat projects from die surface of the bulkhead,
crew with a reasonable degree of safety.
B-Class Division. See 6-2.3.2.2.
2-5 In every vessel, means of egress shall be arranged and
maintained to provide free and unobstructed egress from all parts B-Class Door. See .6.-2.3.3.2.
of die vessel at all times when it is occupied. No lock or fastening
shall be installed to prevent free escape from the vessel. Bulkhead. A ~ - - ~ r u c t u r e constructed between die deck and
overhead d i n g i e s t - - d i e vessel interior into spaces.
Exception: Security area.~: on gaming vessels.
Bulkhea.d ~ e l . ":~i~.mponent of a division or bulkhead.
2-6 Every exit shall be clearly visible, or file route to reach every Bulkh..~"~ls are"i~ ..t~gether with j o i n e r c o m p o n e n t s to
exit shall be conspicuously indicated in such a m a n n e r that every forn~..-i:R'bull~l~i:ad. ":~'..::*
occupant of every vessel will readily "know the direction of escape ::.~iiii!ii~ %:. 4ii"~:~
from any point. Each means of egress, in its entirety, shall be "~.~"~.'[.~.S ~ i o n . See 6-2.3.2.3.
arranged or marked sG that die way to a place of safety is indicated " '::~.:.::~.~:#:'%:
in a clear manner. Any doorway or passageway that is not an exit C ' - C l ~ . j . v i s i o n . See 6-2.3.2.3 (b).
or a way to reach an exit, but is capal:)le of being confused with an .~!~!~:: .... ==============================
exit, shall be arranged or marked to prevent confi,sion with ::~iiiii::~::i~:.$i!!~!:~.Cla.ss
D~: A d o o r installation in a C-Class division. The door
acceptable exits. Everat effort shall be taken to avoid occupants ".~:. ':"::~|~:~;:ih~ ~0.i]structed of an approved noncombustible material.
mistakenly traveling into dead-end spaces in a fire emergency. "% ..:#-"::':':':6"ii~::?:iii¢":"
..:.:::::'~:~::::.:, ::ii::i:#::Carg~': A product that is transported for trade and not used for
2-7 Where ,artificial illumination is required, egress facili:.~"'~:.{~{~t %:.the vessel's operation.
be included in the lighting design in an adequate and ~.'~|]able "~ ':~?::-.~.:~.'?
manner. - ....:.:i%?:!':, ~.:-'-:.::-:-:~::.-:,...'.':~ii:i~argo
~: Hold. Cargo spaces containing other than bulk liquid
"~" ":::'~..:.%.:.-.:;-"-:::"'"':'~ "cargo.
2-8 In every vessel of such size, arrangement, or .s..e...~..'cest;~."i~.t.at a '::-%'~"
fire itself might n o t provide adequate o c c u p a . r , . ~ firt:-~..~.r:.m::::. Cargo Space. See 4-1.8.
facilities shall be provided where necessary t,~::~varn ~ . i ~ , e x i s t ~ f ~ :
of fire. ....:?i::!~i:, %!i~!~!~ ,:{ii:::" Ceiling. A horizontal division within a space for die purpose of
":-:"':"'%1!~i!!!::, "~iiiii~ii "" decoration, acoustics, or fire protection. - -
2-9 Two means of egress, as a minimum, sh~l::ii~..provid ~'.e~.in every
area where size, occupancy, mid arrangement d ~ g e r . . : ~ t s s e n g e r s Central Control Station. A control station in which fire and safety
and crew attempting to use a single means of egr~i~.~-l-~{ is blocked control and indicator functions are centralized.
by fire or smoke. The two means o f egress shall b ~ a n g e d to
minimize die possibility that both might be r e n d e r ~ i impassable by Combustible Material.* A material that is not noncombustible.
the same emergency condition.
Common Path o f Travel. See 5-1.2.
2-10 Every designated verdcal egress o p e n i n g between decks of a
vessel shall be suitably enclosed or protected to afford reasonable Continuous B-Class Ceiling. A B-Class ceiling that terminates only
safety to passengers and crew wbile using a means of egress and to in an A- or B-Class bulkhead.
prevent spread of fire, smoke, or t i m e s through vertical openings
from deck to deck betore occupants have entered exits. Dead-End Corridor. A passageway, or portion thereof, from
whicll there is only one means of egress.
2-11 Compliance with this code shall n o t be construed as
eliminating or reducing die necessity for oilier provisions for safety Deck. A horizontal division in a vessel's structure.
of persons in a vessel u n d e r normal service conditions.
Deck Covering, Materials applied to die top of a deck as a
finishing or leveling surface. See 6-5.4.
Chapter 3 Definitions
Draft Stop, A division or "curtain" installed vertically between die
3-1 General. ceiling or lining and the vessel's structure. The purpose of a draft
stop is to prevent the spread of fire or smoke within concealed
3-1.1 T h e following terms, for the purposes of this code, sh,'dl have spaces.
the meanings given in diis chapter, if not otherwise modified for a
specific occupancy. Electrical and Control Spaces. Electrical and control spaces are
those used for the control and m a n a g e m e n t of routine and
3-1.2 Words used in die present tense include the future; words emergency vessel operations. See 4-1.5 or II-1.
used in die masculine gender include the feminine and neuter; tile
singnlar n u m b e r includes die plural and the plural die singular.

3-1.3 Where terms ,are not defined in this chapter, dley shall have
their ordinarily accepted meanings or such ,as the context implies.
3-2 Definitions.
117
 N F P A 301 I A98 R O C (Reprinted f r o m F97 R O P )
Electrical and control spaces include the following: ceilings, connectors, and interior finishes are all components of
joiner construction.
R a d i o / c o m m u nications Navigation/bridge ,
Machinery control (not in die Central danlage control or fire Lining. A bulkhead tilat is adjacent to and parallel to die outer
machiner 7" space) protection s~tems control shell of a vessel.
Electrical power/switchboard Emergency generator room
spaces Listed.* Equipment, materials, or services included in a list
published by an organization that is acceptable to die audlority
Embarkation Area. See 5-1.2. having jurisdiction and concerned with evaluation of products or
services, tilat maintains periodic inspection of production of listed
Engineering and Machinery Space. Engineering and machinery equipment or materials or periodic evaluation of services, and
whose listing states timt eidler die equipment, material, or service
spaces, including trunks and ducts, are those containing machinery meets identified standards or has been tested and found suitable
used to support propulsion, power generation, heating and for a specified purpose.
ventilation, and other auxiliary systems. Examples of engineering
and machinery spaces include file following: Major Modification. Repairs or modifications that change flae
purpose of fl~e vessel, vessel type, or a specific occupancy widfin a
Main and auxiliary propulsion Heating, ventilation, and air vessel as defined by riffs code. Replacement in kindis not
plants conditioning plants considered to be a major modification.
(including fan rooms)
Power generation plants Refrigeration machinery plants Manned Space. See 12-1.2.
Steering gear rooms Anchor windlass rooms
Machine shop Misc. industrial facilities Means of Egress. See 5-1.2.
Pump rooms Incinerator rooms
Medical, Health Care, and Child Care Spaces. See 4-1.3 or Section
See 4-1.6 or 12-1. 9-1.

F2dt. See 5-1.2. Mezzanine.* late level between deck and overhead of
any ,area or s I not exceed 25 percent of the space
Exit Access. See 5-1.2. below. ,~

Exit Discharge. See 5-1.2. Mixed ~ ~e 4-1.12.

~..-..
Exit Enclosure. See 5-1.2. Not~mbu~

Fire Damper. A duct closure device that is operated automatically or Section 15-1.
or manually, to include remotely. The dmnper is designed to
prevent tile spread of fire through the ductwork. materials applied to decks for finishing

Fire Protection System. A fixed system designed to extinguish a

fire or substantially reduce tile heat release rate of the fire. See 19-1.2.

Fire-Rated Glazing.* Glazing systems installed in fire-rate .t~.~i$:: A corridor.

bulkhead or overhead assemblies timt have been tested t~.';~'cli~
specified fire-resistance ratings. .~:. fi? See 19-1.2.

Fire Resistant. A term applied to materials such as finii~t~g#"" %"~:::;
furnisltings, fabrics, padding, draperies, and othe~.-.:-~;.ombn~.:.g.
materials. It denotes a higher degree of r e s i ~ ~ . ! l d o fi:"-"~ ..':,
ordinary combustible materials. ~ii, "s.~iii ~!i#""::"
Flame Spread. The propagation of f l ~ % ~ ! . . a surface:~ii{~:ee6-5.3.
F o o d Preparation Area. An area t i l t F,as no c ~ . g ~ipment,
witii surface temperatures greater tilan 120°C ( 2 4 ~ . ~ # "
Furnishings. The contents of spaces such as desl~:, cbairs, tables,
sofas, draperies, rngs, etc.
Gallery.* An intermediate level between deck and overhead of any
area or space that exceeds 25 percent of the space below.
on. See 7-4.2.
Public Space. Any space timt is dedicated
for use by and always accessible to file
pnblic.
R e s t r i c t e d Access. See 14-1.2.
Security Space. A space dedicated to an activity that requires d~e
limitation or control of access by persons to certain times; such as
cmmting rooms, vaults, monitor stations, or areas of physical
restraint. Access barriers that are intended to protect file space or
activities therein shall have closure operable from inside the space.
Barriers intended to restrain persons widfin die space shall be
continuously monitored by persons capable of opening dxe barrier.

High-RLsk Fuel. Class-I/k, -IB, -IC, or -II liquids as defined by
NFPA 30, Flammable and Comb,tstible Liquids Code, or Class-lIIA or -
IIIB liquids heated to witltin 10°C of dleir flash point, or
pressurized to 174.4 kPa (25.3 psi) or more.
Horizontal Exit. See 5-1.2.
Horizontal Sliding Door. A door installed in the vertical plane
that slides in a direction dmt is perpendicular to the direction of
travel.
Hospital. See 9-1.2.
Low-Risk Fuel. All t r i e r fuels that are not high risk.
Service Space. See 4-1.4 or Section 10-1.
Smoke Damper. A duct closure device dlat is operated
automatically or manually, to include remotely, and fllat is
designed to prevent d~e spread of smoke dwough the ductwork.
Stairtower. A stair enclosure that penetrates two or more decks.
Stairway. A vertical means of egress between decks.
Steel o r O t h e r Equivalent Material. Any noncombustible
construction fllat has structural and dlermal integrity properties
equivalent to steel at tile end of tile applicable exposure to tile
standard fire test.

Interior Finish. Any coating or veneer applied as a finish to a
bulkhead, strnctural insulation, or overhead. This includes dae
visible finish, all intermediate materials, and all application
materials and adhesives.
Joiner Construction. Nonstructural partitions used to subdivide
compartments. Bulkhead panels, doors, windows, insulation,
Storage Space. See 4-1.7 or Section 13-1.
Structural Fire Protection. Fire protection dmt is intended to
limit die spread of fire ,and smoke to as small an area as
reasonable, by specifying fire endurance capabilities of structural
elements. Additional items considered arejoinerwork details and
penetrations of structnral elements. Structural, or fire, insulation

118
 N F P A 301 ~ A98 R O C (Reprinted from F97 ROP)

refers to insulation employed as a part of dte structural fire Radio/communications Navi~Tation/bridl~e

protection system. Machinery control Central damage control
(not in flae machinery space) a n d / o r fire protection
Trunk. A vertical sh,'fft or duct used for the passage of pipes, s~stems control
wires, stairways, a n d other devices. Trunks are also designed for Electrical power/switchboard Emergency generator room
access to a n d egress from ship spaces, a n d ,as escape routes. spaces
Trunks penetrating fire-rated bulkheads and decks shall not destroy
dae structural and fire resistance integrity of flae affected division. ( For requirerm~ts, see Chapter I 1,)
U n m a n n e d Space. See 12-1.2.
4-1.6" Engineering and Machinery Spaces. Engineering and
machinery spaces are daose containing machinery used to support
Voids. Cofferdams and spaces not normally accessible or used for prop.ulsion, power generation, heating a n d ventilation, and odaer
storage.
auxiliary systems.
Wire-Inserted Glass. A special tyl~.e of glass at least 6 m m dfick Engineering mad maclfinery spaces include dae following:
d m t has reinforcing wire wida m a x i m u m wire spacing of 50 m m
constructed into tile glass. Wire-inserted glass provides more fire
e n d u r a n c e t h a n ordinary or t e m p e r e d window glass. Main and auxiliary Heating, ventilation, a n d air
propulsion plants conditioning plants (including
fan rooms)
Chapter 4 Classification of Occupancy and tlazard of Contents .~ ower generation plants Refrilgeradon machinery plants
. teerm~ ~ear rooms A n c h o r windlass rooms
4-1 Cl~ssiflcation of Occupancy. Machine shop Misc. industrial facilities
M,'wine sanitation devices Sewa:~e treatment space
4-1.1 General. All vegsel occupancies shaU be classified according Pump r o o m s / b u n k e r i n g Incinerator rooms
to dais chapter. Occupancies shall conform to dae requirements of stations
flae specific occupancy chapters 8 darough 16. Stabilizer rooms ~:t:'::,
4-1.~ Accommodation Spaces. A c c o m m o d a t i o n spaces include, (For requir~..:..,..see O~apter 12.)
b u t are n o t limited to, a l l p o r d o n s of a vessel used for such
purposes as overnight residence, deliberation, worship,
entertainment, dining, or amusement. 4-1.7 S t o ~ Sp~ Storage spaces include all spaces of the
vessel u.~'i~." ~i~.:prim~i~i{or the storage of goods, merchandise,
Accommodation spaces include due following: food,~:f~and o ~ i ~ . i . ~ s necessary in supporting d~e
da~:~:,Ci'ou:..¢'..neo p e r a t i o n . ~ d a e vessel. Minor storage incidental to
~er d ~ p a n c y sh,'ffl'be treated as part of due p r e d o m i n a n t
Passen~der or crew cabins Otfice spaces
Loun~ge areas Spaces for reli~ious worship
Athletic facilities Theaters Storag~.i~ce~.include the following:
Gaming areas Restaurants :~:~:~:?-.'::.,. -:~::.
:~.
x:/:-:i-.-::'..---.'::.:::"
.:.-::.
~-':.::.:~.':.:':?"
L. ~ "?i'?;:
Pnblic toilets/w:Lqhrooms :-¥":'::::/[i:i:i~'.'.~.£1eral
!i':i!i~'.'.~.~eralstOrage
sf~rage spaces soaces Flammable materials stora~:e
i.::::.P.~ 6 : ~ n i cs lockers
~ l.::::.P.~6:g~hlCS Flammable materials lockers
(For requirements, see Chapter 8.) .......~,~../:~.:. %.ij|"':~eq.~
:"':~Geq.~ storage lockers (no Walk-in refrigeration spaces
/z~::*":':::~i~::.:;'ii~::i. ~:..:-:.1 fl,'i.mmable
fl,-:tmmable materials materials)t
4-1.3 Medical, tlealth Care, and Child Care Spaces...M...~ical ~ :~i[:::#~eanin~L::. geargearlockerslockers"
healtla care spaces are those used for p u r p o s e s such ~.;~ii~dica.[.ii~_.::,.. 4.'::.~i::/''~eaning
other t r e a t m e n t or care of persons suffering from ,p['i~'~!~l[~'~,:i:'g':':'~::
"~lth -~....'~..~" (For requtrements,
"::'6~:::'ig$ requirements, see Chapter 13.)
disease, or infirmity; and for flae care of itffartts. Medical, -~.,,..,,,. -.-..-~..
care, and clfild care occupancies are o c c n p i e ~ . t . . ~ , ns ~'-"..-".~r.e., 4-1.8 C,ar~o Spaces and Fuel Tanks. Cargo spaces include r i n s e
mostly incapable of se.lf-preservation becaus~Y~'f ag~:":~ii~byslc~4ii::~-.:g.... spaces utilized for die carriage or storage of items/products daat
disability. ..:.':'.:::~i~. ':!~:'~'~. ....Y:" are being transported by due vessel.
~e..'~:.-. ~'~ ""
Medical, healda care. and child care s p a c e ~ : ~ u d e flae'!~.~llowing:. Cargo spaces include die following:
"%~!~!.... :.,~:~:
Hospital/intensive care facilities "%ji~:,,.#y'
Limited care facilities '%i~::" Enclosed dry cargo storage O p e n cargo storage
Child care facilities ~ii:" Liquid fitel tanks L i q u e f i e d / c o m p r e s s e d gas
stol~e
(For requirements, see Chapter 9.) O p e n vehicle decks Enclosed vehicle decks
Cbemlcal tanks
4-1.4 Service Spaces. Service spaces include galleys, laundries, or
odaer spaces used for due purposes of providing support services to (For requirements, see Chapter 14.)
passengers a n d crew.
4-1.9 Open Deck.
Service spaces include die following:
4-1.9.1 Spaces permanently open to weather on one or more sides
Galleys Sculleries shall be considered o p e n decks. For covered open deck spaces, ,all
Film d e v e l o p m e n t / p r o c e s s i n g G a r b a g e / t r a s h holding and portions of tile overhead shall be less allan 5 m (16.4 ft) from file
facilities pro.cessin.g other tlaan nearest opening to the weadaer.
incineration
Food preparation areas Laundries 4-1.9.2 Open-ended or open-sided covered spaces, regardless of
(no cooking facilities; i.e., size, are considered to be equivalent to open deck spaces, provided
e q u i p m e n t capable of flint such structures are not permanently enclosed on more dlan
generating temperatures in one side.
excess of 120°C)
4-1.10 Helicopter Deck. T h e helicopter deck is an area on a
Laboratory facilities Public sales/shops weather deck of die vessel dedicated to accommodating die landing
of helicopters for routine or emergency uses. This occupancy
(For requirements, see Chapter 10.) might also include a h a n g a r space if d~e helicopter is to be
routinely embarked on the vessel during voyages. (For requirements,
4-1.5 Electrical and Control Spaces. Electrical a n d control spaces see Chapter 16.)
are those used for due control a n d m a n a g e m e n t of routine a n d
emergency operations. 4-1.11 Mixed Occupancies. Where two or more classes of
occupancy are contained in file same space on a vessel, a n d are
Electrical a n d control spaces include dae following: intermingled so fllat separate safeguards are impracticable, means
119
 N F P A 301 ~ A98 R O C (Reprinted from F97 ROP)
of egress facilities, construction, protection, and od~er safeguards
shall comply wida die life safety requirements of die highest hazard
occupancy involved. Minor e q u i p m e n t dial is incidental to die
space, such as HVAC or bar equipment, shall be considered as
part of dlat space.
Chapter 5 Means o f Egress
5-1 General.
5-1.1 Application. Means of egress for vessels shall comply with
dtis chapter. (Also see Chapter 1.)
5-1.2 Definitions.
Area o f Refuge. Those areas designated ,as personnel emergency
spaces. These areas shall be properly sized, protectively b o u n d e d
from fire and smoke, and shall provide protected access to die
embarkation area.
Common Path o f Travel.* That portion of exit access that shall
be traversed before two separate and distinct paths of travel to two
exits are available. Padas dlat merge are c o m m o n padas of travel.
C o m m o n path of travel is measured in tl~e same m a n n e r as travel
distance but terminates at fliat point where two separate and
distinct routes b e c o m e available,
Embarkation Area. T h e area from which a person exits file vessel
in an emergency. The embarkation area s h ~ l be located widtin 2
m (6.6 It) of t i e waterline or shall be provided widl ml approved
means of lowering personnel in or to life saving equipment, rescue
vessels, or the shore,
Exit. That portion of a means of egress dlat is separated from all
odler spaces o f the vessel by construction or e q u i p m e n t as required
in 5-1.3.1 to provide a protected way of travel to die exit discharge°
Exits include exterior exit doors, exit passageways, separated exit
stairs, and separated exit r,'unps.
Exit Access. That p o r u o n of a means of egress that leads to an
exit.
Exit Discharge. That portion of a means of egress betw.e.~i:~t:i~iiiiii:
termination o f an exit and an embarkation area or are~.'::~t"reflt~'~
...-:f.~i~.::'::, ~i~!~::':.::..'::':.::.~.% ~:]~9.7 in.) shall be either by a ramp or by a stair complying widl die
Exit Enclosure. The bulkheads and decks a r o u n d , ~ e~iii~!::!#""~:'::-":'.'.':'~iiiii.?:i~!:i~
.............
Horizontal Exit.* An exit between adjacent .z..w.~!~.t:be s,q"~i..:.::::,.,.:.-:.
deck that pass is t h r o u g h an A-60-Class bou..k~'~try t l { ~ i ~ g n t i ~ ! ~
from side shell to side shell or to odier .A,~Class b o u ~ i e s . j : "
":"?""%ii!~i'::..
Means o f Egress.* A continuous and u n o b s @ ~ d way ~ exit
travel from may point in the vessel to an area o f ~ . t , g e o.~i:v"
embarkation area consisting of three separate a n ~ / i ~ c t
(a) die exit access, (b) die exit, and (c) die exit di~i{'~trge. A
means of egress comprises die vertical and horizod~tl travel and
shall include intervening r o o m spaces or open decks, doorways,
asSageways, mezzanines, galleries, ramps, stairs, enclosures,
bbies, and escalators.
5-1.3 Separation of Means o f Egress. (See also Section 6-2.)
5-1.3.1 Where an exit is required by this code to be protected by
separation from other parts of the vessel, the separating
construction shall meet the following requirements:
(a) T h e separation shall be a m i n i m u m of A-0-Class rating where
die exit connects two or more decks. This applies whether the
decks c o u n t e d are above or below the deck where exit discharge
begins.
(b) Any o p e n i n g therein shall be protected by an A-Class door
e q u i p p e d with a door closer complying with 5-2.1.7.
(c) Openings in exit enclosures shall be limited to diose
necessary for access to die enclosure from normally occupied
spaces and corridors, and for egress from the enclosure.
(d) Penetrations into and openings through an exit enclosure
bulkhead mad decks are prohibited except for electrical conduit
serving the exit enclosure, required exit doors, duct work and
e q u i p m e n t necessary for i n d e p e n d e n t pressurization, water or
steam piping necessary for the beating or cooling of the exit
enclosure, sprinkler piping, and standpipes.
There shall be no penetrations or communicating openings
between adjacent exit enclosures.
Exception to (d): Ducting, piping, and electrical cabling that shall be
permitted to penetrate exit enclosures as long as the,3 pass completely
through the enclosure and the penetration is constructed in accordance
with 6-2.3. 6.
5-1.3.2 An exit enclosure dlat only connects two decks shall be
required to be enclosed only at one deck.
5-1.3.3 Exit enclosures shall be designed to provide a continuous
protected padl of travel, including landings and passageways, to an
exit discharge.
5-1.3.4 No exit enclosure shall be used for any purpose that could
interfere widl its use as an exit and, if so designated, as an area of
refuge. (See also 5-2.2.6.4.)
5-1.3.5 Exit Access Passageways. Passageways used as exit access
shall be a m i n i m u m B-Class r a d n g in accordance widl 6-2.3.
Exception: As otherwise provided in Chapters 8 through 19.
5-1.4 Interior Finish in Exits. The flame spread of interior finish
in exits shall meet ~.le requirements of 6-3.3.
~...-'.:~...~.
Exception:As ~ ' ~ m i t t e d by Chapters 8 through 19.
.~ii!::r
5-1.5 H e a ~ . ' o o ~ % ~ A e a n s of egress shall be designed and
m a i n t a i ~ g . c ~ p r o ~ i i . ~ . d e q u a t e head r o o m as provided in oilier
sectiopa..:.:'~.$1.j$i~code ~i~.~.2.2.1), but in no case shall the ceiling
heig~:%e I~'~ allan 2.1~::~i'~(7 ft), nor shall any projection from die
o ~ i e a d : ~ ~ less dlan ~.~::m (6 ft 8 in.) nominal height from die
~'i~-::~e~ii~:9om on stairs is die vertical distance above a plane
p,~l$~i!~:"~:i~l: tangent widl die most forward projection of die stair
tread. "%:.-"~.~i~i~:.
"-:~i'i.'.:::-:,.. ":::~%ii:'!::,-.'~;,
~
~ : : ' ~ . - J . 6 C h a d " in Level in Means o f Egress.
"~:;.~: "':a~ii~;~::::......<::'
':iii:: ,~.'.:~~"ff~:I::::ii!i~iangesin level in means of egress shall be by a ramp or a
~:.:.-.:...... $~.~ii~'Lair ~ ' e r e d~e elevation difference is more tllan 50 cm (19.7 in.).
'%
"~i~..*..$;;6.2 Changes in level in means o f egress not more dlan 50 cm
"requirements of 5-2.2 and 19-2.6. The m i n i m u m tread depd~ of
":'%i~i'i::.. '':':*" such stair shMl be 30 cm (11.8 in.), and die location of each step
shall be readily apparent by changing color pattern, texture, or
lighting.
"';i~i~ " 5-1.7 Impediments to Egress. Any device or alarm installed to
restrict the improper use o f a means of egress shall be designed
and installed so that it cannot, even in case of failure, impede or
parts: prevent emergency use of such means of egress.
Exception: As provided by Chapters 8 through 19o
5-2 Means of Egress Components.
5-2.1 Doors.
5-2.1.1 General.
5-2.1.1.1 A d o o r assembly, including die d o o r opening, frame,
door, and necessary hardware, used as a c o m p o n e n t in a means of
egress shall conform to die general requirements of Section 5-1 and
to the special requirements of dais subsection. Such an assembly
shall be designated as a door.
5-2.1.1.2 Every d o o r dlat is required to serve as an exit shall be
designed and constructed so daat die way of exit travel is obvious
and direct. Windows that, because of flleir physical configuration
or design ,and die materials used in dleir construction, could be
mistaken for doors shall be made inaccessible to t i e occupants by
barriers or railings.
5-2.1.2" In determining die width for a door o p e n i n g for purposes
of calculating egress capacity, only die clear widdl o f the door
o p e n i n g when die door is in die full open position shall be
measured. Clear width shall be die net, unobstructed widdl of the
door o p e n i n g widmut projections into such widflL
5-2.1.3 No door o p e n i n g in the means of egress shall be less fl~an
80 cm (31.5 in.) in clear widdl. Where a pair of doors is provided,
190
 N F P A 301 ~ A98 R O C (Reprinted f r o m F97 R O P )
at least o n e of die d o o r s shall provide a m i n i m u m 80 c m (31.5 in.)
clear width o p e n i n g .
Exception: As permitted by Chapters 8 through 19.
5-2.1.4 Swing and Force to O p e n .
5-2.1.4.1 Any d o o r in a m e a n s of egress shall be of die side-hinged
or pivoted-swinglng type. T h e d o o r shall be d e s i g n e d a n d installed
so fliat it is capable of swinging to t h e dill use of die o p e n i n g in
which it is installed. Doors shall swing in die direction of egress
travel.
Exception No. 1: Horizontal sliding doors complying with 5-2.1.10.
Exception No. 2: Revolving doors complying with 19-2.Z5.
Exception No. 3: Stateroom doors shall be permitted to open into the
stateroom.
5-2.1.4.2 Doors shall swing in t h e direction of egress travel where
u s e d in a n exit enclosure or where serving a high hazard contents
are.x
5-2.1.4.3" D u r i n g its swing, any d o o r into a m e a n s of egress shall
leave u n o b s t r u c t e d at least one-half of t h e required widd~ of an
aisle, passageway, or landing. W h e n dilly open, the d o o r shall n o t
project m o r e allan 15 cm (5.9 in.) into die required width of an
aisle, passageway, or landing. Doors shall n o t o p e n immediately
onto a stair without a landing. T h e l a n d i n g shall have a width at
least equal to die widt~a of die door. (See 5-2.2.3.)
5-2.1.4.4 T h e forces required to f u l l y o p e n any d o o r manually in a
m e a n s of egress shall n o t exceed 65 N (14.8 lb0 to release t h e
latch, 130 N (29.2 lbf) to set die door in motion, a n d 65 N (14.8
lbf) to o p e n die d o o r to t h e m i n i m u m required width. O p e n i n g
forces for interior side-hinged or pivoted-swinging doors without
closers shall n o t exceed 20 N (4.9 lb0. T h e s e forces shall be
applied at file latch stile when the vessel is on an even keel.
Exception: Power-operated doors as provided in 5-2.1.8.
5-2.1.5 Locks, Latches, a n d Alarm Devices.
5-2.1.5.1 Doors shall be a r r a n g e d to be o p e n e d readil~::.~om tl~'~i"
n o r m• a l egress side whenever
.
die space is o c c u p i e d . .:::-". . . ~ .~'-::::::::~
' ~ if.~$-.'~,~'-:#~:~:':'::.~
provided, shall n o t reqtnre die use of a key, tool, specmI~!:~:~:~!-::£~" "~'-:.~!:::~:'.:i.".-~'-" (a) Upon release of the hold-open mechamsm, the door becomes self-
knowledge, or effort for operation from t h e insi.<i.g::..p..f.the~.~....
.,-:~:'.~::::~:-~:!:!~?.-:!::, "~i~i~.'.,. ..:~
Exception: Doors shall be permitted to have k ~ " e r a t e d ' ~ i . . f i o m "~;'~"
egress side, provided th,; following requireme~iiare met: "":?";.ii~.~"~. ,:s..:.::"-"
" "~(.-~!~-!::,
(a) This exception shall be Specificall~ permiud~i'.~...:Chaptor ~'~through
19 - "."~iiii%,
"~'~.,.~..:.:!$"
(b) On the egress side, on or adjacent to the door, the;~i~all be a
readily visible, durable ~ign that reads ~THIS DOOR ~sO REMAIN
UNLOCKED WHEN THE SPACE IS OCCUPIED." The sign shall be in
letters not less than 2.5 cm (1 in.) high on a contrasting background
(c) The locking device shall be of a ~.pe that is readily distingnishable
as locked
(d) A key shall be im~nediatel3 available to any occupant inside the
space
5-2.1.5.2 Every stair enclosure d o o r shaU allow re-entry f r o m the
stair enclosure to die interior of the vessel.
5-2.1.5.3 A latch or o t h e r fastening device on a door shall be
provided with a lever, h:mdle, panic bar, or o t h e r simple type of
releasing device having an obvious mefllod o f operation ( u n d e r all
lighting conditions). T h e releasing m e c h a n i s m for any latch shall
be located n o t m o r e t h a n 120 cm (47.2 in.) above t h e finished
floor. Doors shall be capable of b e i n g o p e n e d with no m o r e t h a n
o n e releasing operation.
Exception: Egress doors from individual staterooms shall be ~ermitted to
be provided with device~ that require not more than one add, tional
releasing operation, such as a night latch, dead bolt, or security chain,
provided suck device is operable from the inside without the use of a key
or tool and is mounted at a height not to exceed 120 cm (47.2 in.) above
the finished floor.
5-2.1.5.4 W h e r e pairs of doors are r e q u i r e d in a m e a n s of egress,
each le,'ff of t h e pair shall be provided with its own releasing device.
Devices fliat d e p e n d u p o n die release of o n e d o o r before t h e o t h e r
shall n o t be used.
Exception: Where double doors are used, it shall be permitted for only one
door to have releasing hardware provided operation of the door hardware
allows both doors to open.
5-2.1.5.5 No lock, padlock, hasp, bar, chain, or o t h e r device, or
c o m b i n a t i o n dlereof, shall be installed or m a i n t a i n e d o n or in
c o n n e c t i o n with any d o o r on which panic hardware or fire exit
hardware is required by this code if s u c h device prevents or is
i n t e n d e d to p r e v e n t t h e free use o f t h e door for purposes of egress.
5-2.1.6 Exit Door Hardware.
5-2.1.6.1 Exit d o o r hardware shall consist of a door-latching
assembly incorporating a device dlat releases the latch u p o n t h e
application of a force in d i e direction of egress travel.
5-2.1.6.2 A d o o r in t h e m e a n s o f egress shall be e q u i p p e d with exit
door hardware fllat m e e t s t h e following requirements:
(a) Consists of bars or panels, the actuating portion of which
shall e x t e n d across n o t less t h a n o n e half of die width of d i e door
leaf, n o t less allan 75 cm (29.5 in.) n o r m o r e t h a n 110 cm (43.3 in.)
above the floor, ~ . . : . : : ,
(b) C a u s e s ~ 0 . o o r latch to release w h e n a force that shall n o t
be require~.#6 e ~ 65 N (14.8 Ibf) is applied.
~.'., "%.':'..'.,. ":::~i~!:::
5 - 2 . 1 . 6 . . ~ . ~ i ~ . ired e~ii~...~, hardware shall n o t he e q u i p p e d with
anz).~king"~evice, set ~ , or o t h e r a r r a n g e m e n t fllat can be
u ..~)'~.ito p~:~yent t h e r e l e ~ e of t h e latcll w h e n pressure is applied to
~ i i ~ . [ ¢ a s ~ i : . d e v i c e . Devices that hold t h e latch in t h e retracted
posi~.:~ia]]:::~be prohibited on exit d o o r hardware unless listed
a n d a l S ~ . e d for such use.
.~i~:i::.:,.. '%::::::i::i!::...::.:-:;"
~iiii~::i:%:::~i~..z~:1.7 Se|~.~-losing Devices. A d o o r d e s i g n e d normally to be kept
"% ':~':::~.l~:..i..n...~-:~eans of egress shall be a self-closing d o o r a n d shall
"% . ~ C ~ i : : ~ u r e d in the o p e n position at any time.
.:::-:-~::.:. ~:!'::::::ii!i
:::~ .:#:"
....!J:;::::::-¥jii~i: ::iiiii.Excepi~on: Doors shall be permitted to be held open where the following
-:(':~i~.~ir,~nentsare met:
::.-':~i-::::$::..-, ':~::..~-$::"
:::: ~ : .
":':::":*" closing
(b) The release device is designed so that the door can be released
instantl~ and upon release, become sell-closing manuall~ (locally), and
"~. remotely from a contmuous~-manned control statron, or the automatic
releasing mechanism or medium is activated by (1) the operation of an
#::" approved automatic smoke detection system installed to'~rotect the entire
vessel and, further, designed and installed to provide for actuatwn of the
system in time to preclude the generation of heat or smoke sufficient to
interfere with egress, (2) the operation o f approved smoke detectors
installed in such a way as to detect smoke on either side of the door
opening, or (3) operation of an automatic sprinkler system. The above
systems shall be permitted to be zoned as approved by the authority having
jurisdiction
(c) Any fire detection system or smoke detector is provided with such
supervision and safeguards as are necessa 0 to ensure reliability of
operation in case of fire (see also Section 7-1)
(d) Upon loss of power to the hold-open devic~ the hold-open
mechanism is released and the door becomes self-closing
(e) The automatic release of one door in a stair enclosure results in the
closing of all doors serving that stair
5-2.1.8 Power-Operated Doors. W h e r e required doors are
operated by power, s u c h as doors actuated by s e n s i n g devices u p o n
t h e a p p r o a c h of a person or doors with power-assisted m a n u a l
operation, die design shall be s u c h that, in die event o f power
failure, the d o o r can be o p e n e d m a n u a l l y to p e r m i t egress travel or
closed where necessary to safeguard die m e a n s o f egress. T h e
forces required to o p e n dlese doors manually shall n o t exceed
dlose specified in 5-2.1.4.4 except dlat t h e force reqnired to set die
d o o r in m o t i o n shall n o t exceed 220 N (50.1 Ibf). T i l e d o o r sllall
be designed a n d installed so d i a l w h e n a force is applied to die
door on the side f r o m which egress is made, it shall be capable of
swinging f r o m any position to tile full use of the required width of
die o p e n i n g in which it is installed. (See 5-2.1.4.)
121
 NFPA 301 ~ A98 R O C (Reprinted from F97 ROP)

Table 5-2.2.2.1 Stalrs

Exception No. I: Sliding, power-operated doors in exit access that can be Minimum widtii clear of all 90 cm (35.4 in.)
manually opened in the direction of door travel with forces not exceeding obstructions, except
those specified in 5-2.1.4.4 shall not be required to have a susing-out projections n o t exceeding
feature. 10 cm (3.9 in) at or below
handrail height on each
Exception No. 2: In the emergency break-out mode, a door leaf located side
within a two-leaf opening shall be exc'mpted from the minimum 80-on Maximum height of risers 20 cm (7.9 in.)
(31.5-in.) single-leaf requirement of 5-2.1.3.1 if a minimum of 75 cm Minimum height of risers
(29.5 in.) clear width is provided by the single leaf 10 cm /~.9 in. I
Minimum net tread d e p t h 24 cm 9.4 in.
Exception No. 3: Doors complying with 5-2.1.9. Minimum h e a d r o o m 205 cm I80.7 in.)
Maximum height between 3.5 m (11.5 It)
Exception No. 4: Doors fitted with an independent, local power sourcg landings
capable of operation a minimum of 10 times subsequent to loss of pi4mary Landing tit
. " A

power.
5-2.2.2.2 Tread Slope. Tread slope shall not exceed 2.0 c m / m
Exception No. 5: Power-operated water-tight doors. (0.24 in./ft) (a slope of 1 in 50).

5-2.1.9 Balanced Doors. Where panic hardware is installed on
b,'danced doors, dae panic hardware shall be of tile push-pad type,
a n d tile pad shall not extend more tilan approximately one-half t.he
widdl of the door measured from the latch side.
5-2.1.10 Horizontal Sliding Doors. Horizontal sliding doors
complying wid~ d~e following shaU be permitted in a means of
egress:
(a) Tile d o o r shall be operable by a simple m e t h o d from eidler
side without speci',d knowledge or effort
(b) Tile force, applied to the operating device, required to
operate the door shall not exceed 65 N (14.8 Ibt) when tile vessel is
on an even keel
(c) T h e force required to operate tile door shall not exceed 130
N (29.6 lbO to set the door in motion and 65 N (14.8 lbf) to close
tile door or open it to the m i n i m m n required widfll when tile
vessel is on an even keel
5-2.2.2.3" Riser Height and Net Tread Depth. Riser height shall
be measured as tile vertical distance between tread nosings. Tread
deptii shaU be measured horizontally between tile vertical planes of
tile foremost projection of adjacent treads and at a right angle to
the trend's leading edge, but shall not include beveled or r o u n d e d
tread surfaces dlat slope m o r e flian 20 degrees (a slope of 1 in
2.75). At tread nosings, such beveling or r o u n d i n g s h a l l n o t
exceed 1.5 cm (0.6..i.n.) in horizontal dimension. T h e total tread
shall not be less d ~ . 5 cm (9.8 in).
~.~v:- ~::::...:~.,
5-2.2.2.4 T I ! ~ . ~ I I be no variation exceeding 0.5 cm (0.2 in.) in
tile d e p t h ~ i . ~ j ~ . . . g treads or in tile height o f adjacent risers, and
tile t o l e ~ ' ~ : . b e t w ~ ! i ! ~ l e largest and smallest riser or between die
larges~.~lest ~ : : s . b . ~ l l not exceed 1.0 cm (0.4 in.) in any
f l i g l ~ .... . "" ~ii!lii~:~
..:~::':" .~:.~::.. .~.."
,~:. S~-~D. etails. "
" ~ ' i "~:':''''~:"
5-2.2.3]:i.:!~iii~1 stairs serving as required means o f egress shall be of
.,!........ permane~ii~.~g¢l construction.

(d) T h e door shall be operable with a force not to exceed 220 N ~ : : ~ , 2 . . . , ~ a i r s , platforms, and landings used to connect more tilan
(50.1 IbO when a force of 1110 N (252.9 Ibf) is applied "~...: :~e:g:ii~/~s shall be of noncombustible material throughout.
perpendicularly to tile door adjacent to the opel,'ating devi.c..~:~..eu ~!~#::*" .?i;;"
tile vessel is o n , ' m even keel s..~:ff"":%!!i~: %.Exception: Handrails.
(e) The d o o r assembly shall comply with the a p p l i ~ . . f i r e ~ : ~ : i : ~ , ':~::.~ 2 . 2 . 3 . ~ Stairs and intermediate landings shall continue witil no
protection rating and, where rated, shall be self-closi"ng :~ii~:.:.-.g~::":"":::~lil.~¢..:..~iii
' S"decrease in width along tile direction of egress travel. Every
automatic-closing by smoke detection in accord,3..n..g.e.,witi %~:.1:..7, "~:::~*:" landing shall have a dimension measured in direction of travel
and shall be installed in accordance with NF.P..+~!~~i~,~, '~rd:'~.~'..'.Fir~.. equal to tile widtii of tile stair. Such dimension need not exceed
Doors and Fire Windows ..-::'#" "~'~-.:i~i t'-"ii!~+.'~+" 120 cm (47.2 in.) where tile stair has a straight run.

5-2.1.11 Water-Tight Doors. W a t e r - t i g h ~ . ~ . . . i n a meai ~iof egress 5-2.2.3.4 Stair treads shall be uniformly slip resistant and shall be
shall be t i e quick-acting or power-operated i ~ : , i!i~ free of projections or lips fllat could trip stair users.

5-2.2 Stairs. "::!~; 5-2.2.~.5 Treads of stairs and landing floors shall be solid.

5-2.2.1 General. Stairs, either interior or exterior/:'~:~sed as a
c o m p o n e n t in file means of egress shall conform to tile general
requirements of Section 5-1 and to the special requirements of tills
subsection.
Exception: Aisle steps in accommodation occupancies as provided in 19-
2.10.7. 2.
5-2.2.2 Types o f Stairs.
5-2.2.2.1" Dimensional Criteria. Stairs shall be in accordance witii
tile following table:
Exception: Noncombustible, grated stair treads and landings as provided
in Chapters 8 through 19.
5-2.2.3.6 Stairs shall be arranged so as to make clear die direction
of egress to an area of refilge or embarkation area. Stairs fllat
continue beyond file level of exit discharge shall be interrupted at
the level of exit discharge by partitions, doors, or other effective
means.
Exceptlon'. .. Stairs
. that. continue
. beyond the level of exit discharge, where
the exit discharge is obvious, need not be interrupted.
5-2.2.3.7 Spiral Stairs. Where specifically permitted for individual
occupancies by Chapters 8 tiarough 19, spiral stairs shall be
permitted as a c o m p o n e n t in a me,ms of egress provided tile
following requirements are met:

(a) The occupant load served shall not exceed 5

(b) The clear widda of tile stairs shall be not less than 65 cm
(25.6 in.)

(c) The height of risers shall not exceed 24 cm (9.4 in.)

(d) Head room shall be not less allan 200 cm (78.7 in.)

(e) Treads shall have a m i n i m u m d e p t h of 20 cm (7.9 in.) at a

point 30 cm (11.8 in.) from tile narrower edge
(f) All treads shall be identical
122
 N F P A 301 - - A98 R O C (Reprinted f r o m F97 R O P )

5-2.2.~.8 Turnstiles. No turnstiles or other devices to restrict the 5-2.2.5 Special Provisions for Exterior Stairs.
m o v e m e n t of persons shall be installed in such a m a n n e r as to
interfere in any way with required means of egress facilities. 5-2.2.5.1 Landings. Landings to which egress doors lead shall be
approximately level with the adjoining deck.
5-2.2.4 Guards and Handrails.
5-2.2.5.2 Exterior stairs shall be permitted to be used as a
5-2.2.4.1 Guards. Means o f egress such as stairs, landings, c o m p o n e n t o f egress where there is an obvious route or egress
passageways, deck openings, ramps, aisles, galleries, or mezzanines direction signage leading to an area o f safe refuge or an
that are more than 75 cm (29.5 in.) above the deck below shall be embarkation area-
provided with guards to prevent falls over the open side.
5-2.2.5.3 Exterior stairs shall be constructed of noncombustible
5-2.2.4.2 Handrails. Each stair or ramp with a slope exceeding 1 material.
in 12 shall have handrails on both sides. In addition, handrails
shall be provided within 75 cm (29.5 in.) o f all portions of the 5-2.2.5.4 Exterior stairs shall n o t be permitted to constitute more
required egress width of stairs. The required egress width shall be than 50 p e r c e n t of the required egress capacity.
along the natural path of travel. Stairs shall have a handrail on at
least one side. (See also 5-2.2.4.5.) Exception: Exterior stairs serving spaces with fewer than 10 persons.
5-2.2.4.3 Required guards and handrails shah continue for the full 5-2.2.5.5 Exterior stairs shall comply' with the requirements of
length of each flight ~f stairs. At w r n s of stairs, inside handrails Table 5-2.2.5.5 and subsequent secuons.
shall be continuous between flights at landings.
Table 5-2.2.5.5 Exterior Stairs
5-2.2.4.4 The design of gamrds and handrails and fl~e hardware for Serving More Serving 10
attaching handrails to guards, balusters, or build, ends shall be such than or
that there are n o projections that might engage loose clothing. 10 Persons Fewer Persons
Minimum widths:::, 75 cm (29.5 in.) 70 cm (27.5 in.)
5-2.2.4.5* Handrail Details. :;5:-':::::~
~/:-;"::°=~,x clear between clear between
. . . . ,~'-.':::
l,t.l.I.U3.L. ~ rails rails
(a) Handrails on sudrs shall be n o t less than 85 cm (33.5 in.) Mm~mum:~ur~.ntal 75 cm (29.5 in.) 70 cm (27.5 in.)
nor more than 95 cm (37.4 in.) above the surface of the tread, dimena~ of ~ clear dear
measured vertically to the top of the rail from the leading edge of
the tread. ~1~:~::'~-,: ' %:: !::.::#
Exception No. 1 to (a): Required handrails that form part of a guard ~im~ riser .: ;:22 cm (8.7 in.) 30 cm (11.8 in.)
shall be permitted to have a maximum height of 105 cm (41.5 in.) :.:!:.-<..!~!
~,fighi~]:'~:...... ~':
I tl~
It
LO. , . .';L: It
measured vertically to the top of the rail from the leading edge of the f~.'~t~.~'~K~ead, 22 cm (8.7 in.) 15 cm (5.9 in.)
tread. ~x~":t~ye of nosing{
Minim'i~i~::.:~9.$ing or 2.5 cm (1 in.) No requirement
Exception No. 2 to (a): Additional handrails that are lower or higher ...+ll~|.p r o i e c i $-',~"~ , "-'+
i,

than the main handraiI shall be permitted. ;'~i~....~....l.:..j:~ + As permitted by Same

(b) Handrails shall provide a clearance of at least 4 cm { i.'.r...n..)
between the handrail and the bulkhead to which it is f a s ~ :-:i~i~:?~
":$" ~!:
(c) Handrails sl~all be designed so they can be gr,~v,.,.,..4:L..
:~/~, :::::.:,
with a comfortable grip mad so the hand can be slid ~.1o/~ ~'~'1":%
without encountering obstructions. ~:;.....:::~........ ~:~
z.:-- ~-_"~_ ::::::':" ~:-'~.,,..-.-~
(d) Handrail ends shall be returned to th..~.!!ISulkh~::d '~.t~.-'~:
shall terminate at newel posts.
(e) Handrails that are n o t continuous b e ~ : f l i g h t s ~all
extend laorizontally, at the required height, at 1'~?..3.0 c ~ ( 1 2 in.)
beyond the top riser and continue to slope for a ~'~::"~'f one tread
beyond the bottom riser where a guard or bulkhea~?~"!~'ists.
(t] Handrails on open sides of stairs shall have intermediate rails
or an ornamental pattern such dmt a sphere 10 cm (3.9 in.) in
diameter cannot pass through ,'tray openings in such handrail.
Exception to ([~: The t~angular openings formed by the riser, tread, and
bottom element of a guardrail at the open side of a stair shall be of such a
size that a sphere 15 cm (5.9 in.) in diameter cannot pass through the
triangular opening.
5-2.2.4.6 Guard Details.
(a) The height of guards required by 5-2.2.4.1 shall be measured
vertically to the top of the guard from the surface adjacent thereto.
(b) Guards shall be not less than 100 cm (39.4 in.) high.
Exception to (b): In accommodation occupancies as provided in Chapter 8.
(c) O p e n guards shall have intermediate r:fils or an ornamental
pattern such that a sphere 10 cm (3.9 in.) in diameter cannot pass
through any o p e n i n g
Exception No. 1 to (c): The triangular openings formed by the riser,
tread, and bottom element of a guardrail at the open side of a stair shall
be of such size that a sphere 15 cm (5.8 in) in diameter cannot pass
through the triangular opening.
Exception No. 2 to (c): In engineering and machinery space
occupancies, and in storage occupancies.
123
.::~-" 5-2.2.3.7 Primarily for
:":" .~i','~'~ car~o
Headroom, 200 cm (6.7 ft) Same
~i}~:m i n i m u m
::" Handrail height 85 cm to 95 cm Same
Capacity, n u m b e r of width (cm) x .66 10
persons
width (in) x 1.66
5-2.2.6 Enclosure and Protection o f Stairs.
5-2.2.6.1 Enclosures. All interior stairs serving as an exit or exit
c o m p o n e n t shall be enclosed in accordance with 5-1.3.1. All other
interior stairs shall be protected in accordance with 6-2.4.
5-2.2.6.2* Separation and Protection of Outside Stairs. Outside
stairs shall be separated from file interior of the vessel by bulldleads
with the fire resistance rating required for enclosed stairs with fixed
or self-closing o p e n i n g protectives. Tiffs construction shall extend
vertically from the lowest deck to a point 3 m (10 ft) above the
topmost landing of the stairs or to the deck, whichever is lower,
arid at least 3 m (10 ft) horizontally. All openings below an outside
stair shall he protected with an assembly having a m i n i m u m A-0:
Class fire-resistance rating.
Exception No. 1: Outside stairs serving not more than two adjacent
decks, including the level of exit discharge, shall be permitted to be
unprotected where there is a remotely located second exit.
Exception No. 2: The fire-resistance rating of the portion of the separation
extending 3 m (10 t ) from the stairs need not exceed A-O Class.
Exception No. 3: Separation is not required where otherwise permitted by
Chapters 17 through 19.
5-2.2.6.4 T h e r e shall be no enclosed, usable space within an exit
enclosure, including u n d e r stairs, n o r shall any open space within
the enclosure, including stairs and landings, be used for any
purpose such as storage or similar use that could interfere with
egress. (See also 5-1.3.4.)
Exception: Enclosed usable space under stairs shall be permitted
provided the bulkheads and soffits of the enclosed space are protected the
 N F P A 301 ~ A98 R O C (Reprinted f r o m F97 R O P )
same as the stair enclosure. Entrance to such enclosed us'able space
under stairs shall not be from within the stair enclosure.
5-2.2.6.5 Signs. Stairs shall be provided with signage within tile
enclosure at each deck landing. Tile signage shall indicate the deck
level, tile terminus of die top and bottom of the stair enclosure,
and the identification of the stair. The signage also shall state the
deck level of, and the direction to, the exit discharge. The signage
shall be inside die enclosure located approximately (1.5 m) 5 ft
above the floor landing in a position that is readily visible when the
d o o r is in either die open or closed position.
5-2.3 S m o k e p r o o f Enclosures.
5-2.3.1 Where s m o k e p r o o f enclosures are required by otller
sections of this Code, they shall comply with this subsection.
5-2.3.2 A smokeproof enclosure shall be ,an enclosure designed so
dlat die movement of products of combustion produced by a fire
occurring in any part of die vessel into tile s m o k e p r o o f enclosure
shall be limited.
5-2.3.3 The appropriate design m e t h o d shall be any system that
meets the performance level stipulated in 5-2.3.2. The s i n , k e p t , o f
enclosure shall be permitted to be created by using natural
ventilatioti, by using mechanical ventilation incorporating a
vestibule, or by pressurizing the enclosure.
5-2.3.4 Enclosure. A s m o k e p r o o f enclosure shall be enclosed by
fire barriers. Where a vestibule is used, it shall be wltllin the
enclosure and shall be considered part of tlae s m o k e p r o o f
enclosure. Vestibules shall have a m i n i m u m dimension o f 110 cm
(43.5 in.) in widdl and 185 cm (72.8) in the direction of travel.
5-2.3.5 Discharge. Every s m o k e p r o o f enclosure shall open to an
adjacent s m o k e p r o o f enclosure, to an open deck having direct
access to a embarkation area, or into an exit access or exit. Such
exit passageways shall be without openings other than the entr:mce
from die s i n , k e p t , o f enclosure and die d o o r to the open deck, or iii::.....
embarkation area. The exit passageway shall be separated from file :':.~ii~iiiiiii~..O..closure~ii~[uctwork enclosed in noncombustible construction
remainder of the vessel by fire barriers having A-class fire-
resistance ratings.
5-2.3.6 Access. Access shall be by way of a vestibule, an .~,"~ii!i!:
exit access, a stair enclosure, or by way of an open deck~:....
.~ii!~.'.. ..~-'-!-:~::.:,~"!:~ s s e l , including other mechanical equipment, with C~Class
Exception: Smokeproof enclosures consisting of a pressuHzed::i$~#..~.~::" "':~;~i:.-':~i""construction
enclbsure complying u;ith 5-2.3. 9. . . . . . . . . . . .
::-.:::f:~:'~:~':i~::.-i'i~'~::, "":~i{~:
5-2.3.7 Natural Ventilation. S i n , k e p t , of e.~.~'][osure~::~.'..~, n a t { ~ i::
ventilation shall comply with all o f tile f o ~ i n g : '::!~::iiii~ii-: ...:.if::
":~::~~:::.~!ii.:'.:~::..
(a) Where a vestibale is provided, tile d o o ~ : : j . n t o the.'~estibule
shall be protected widi an approved fire door ,~.~..bly L.i~ing an
A-Class fire protection rating, and tile fire d o o r ~..".~.~|~ from die
vestibule to die enclosure shall have not less allan ai::::~'Cl,'~ fire
protection rating. ":':::"
(b) Doors shall be designed to minimize air leakage mad shall be
self-closing or shall be antomatic-dosing by acutation of a smoke
detector witllin 3 m (9.8 It) of the vestibule door.
(c) Where access to the enclosure is by means of,an open deck,
file door assembly to die enclosure shall llave an A-Class fire
protection rating and shall be self-closing or shall be automatic-
closing by actuation of a smoke detector mad also remotely from
the bridge, a central control station, or a n o t h e r location fl]at is
continuously m a n n e d .
5-2.3.8 Mechanical Ventilation. S i n , k e p t , o f enclosures by
mechanical ventilation shall comply widl all of die following:
(a) The door ,'~ssembly from die vessel into the vestibule shall
have an A-Class fire protection rating, and the door assembly from
die vestibule to die enclosure shall have not less dlan a B-Class fire
protection rating. The door to the enclosure shall be designed and
installed to minimize air leakage. The doors shall be self-closing
or shall be antomatic-closing by actuation of a smoke detector
located widfin 3 m (9.8 It)of the vestibule door mad also remotely
from die bridge, a central control station, or a n . f l i e r location that
is continuously manned.
(b) In the smoke control mode, tile vestibule shall be provided
widl not less thmi one ,'fir change per minute, and d~e exhaust shall
be 150 percent of the supply. Supply air shall enter and exhmlst air
shall discharge from die vestibule through separate tightly
constructed ducts used only for dlose purposes. Supply air shall
enter die vestibule widtin 15.0 cm (5.9 in.) of the deck level. The
top of die exhaust register shall be located not more than 15.0 cm
(5.9 in.) down from file top o f tile trap and shall be entirely within
the smoke trap area. Doors, when in d~e o p e n position; shall not
obstruct duct openings. Controlling d a m p e r s shall be permitted in
duct openings if n e e d e d to meet die design requirements, but are
not otherwise required.
(c) To serve as a smoke and heat trap and to provide an upward
moving air column, the vestibule ceiling shall be at least 50.0 cm
(19.7 in.) higher d~an file door o p e n i n g into die vestibule. Tile
height shall be permitted to be decreased wherejustitied by
engineering design and field testing.
(d) The s m o k e p r o o f enclosure shall be provided wida a
d a m p e r e d relief o p e n i n g at die top and supplied mechanically with
sufficient air to discharge a m i n i m u m of 1200 L / s (2543 cfin)
f l i t , u g h tile relief o p e n i n g wliile maJntalning a minimum positive
pressure of 25 Pa (0.10 in. water column) in the enclosure relative
to d~e vestibule witli all doors closed.
5-2.3.9 Pressurization.
5-2.3.9.1 S i n , k e p t , o f enclosures by stair pressurization shall utilize
an engineered syste.m wifl~ a m i n i m u m design pressure difference
across the barrier:.:~ii-']:.2..5 Pa (0.05 in. water column) in sprinklered
vessels or 25 P~:i.{"0".l(J':i~: water column) in nonsprinklered vessels.
The e n c l o s u r : . # ~ ! l be capable of maintaining these pressure
differences..::~ade'~i~...kze.lyconditions of stack effect or wind. The
pressure:~i~.~.:.rencd::~gss doors shall not exceed that which will
p e r m i t . : : . ~ . ~ r to b~j~i::to.:.be o p e n e d by a force of 130 N (29.2
Ibf)...~:"re.qli~i%d by 5-2.I%i]:" ( see NP'PA 92A).
'~"" ::':-:::.-::::.. :ii::::"
,~i~.-'.9..,2 : ~ i p m e n t and ductwork for pressurization shall be
Iocai?:~i;J:~:"ol]:i~ ! of die following places:
'::~".-!::..
(a) Exii:~!~.:~ die vessel and shall be directly connected to die
":~;~."':~-.:~.:?::::........ .:Y
!~i~.i. . . ...:!~i~::ii-~]:~in the enclosure with intake and exhaust air directly to
,::.'~:~i!~!~i~::~ :iiiii.iiJi!~'lleo ~ ' i d e or through ductwork enclosed in C-Class construction
":~.
"~#" ":~i-:'::~:.¢~) Widiin the vessel if separated from the remainder of die
":':-:iiiiiiii~::, "::::~:~::"
..... In each case, openings into the required C-GI,ass construction
shall be limited to tllose n e e d e d for maintenance and operation
and shall be protected by self-closing C-Class fire protection-rated
":~-";:~ d evi c es.
5-2.3.10 Activation o f Mechanical Ventilation Systems. For both
mechanical ventilation and pressurized enclosure systems, the
activation o f die systems shall be initiated by a smoke detector
installed in an approved locadon within 3"m (9.8 ft) of tile
entrance to die s m o k e p r o o f enclosure; or by ,an antomatic
sprinkler system; or by remote manual operation from die bridge, a
central control station, or , t i e r location that is continuously
manned.
5-2.3.11 Door Closers. The activation of an antomatic-closing
device on any door in die s m o k e p r o o f enclosure shall activate all
other automatic-closing devices on doors in die s m o k e p r o o f
enclosure.
5-2.3.12 Standby Power. Standby power for mechanical ventilation
e q u i p m e n t shall be provided by an emergency source of power.
5-2.3.13 Testing. Before the mechanical e q u i p m e n t is accepted by
the autllority having jurisdiction, it shall be tested to confirm fllat
tile mechanical e q u i p m e n t is operating in compliance with these
requirements.
5-2.3.14 Emergency Lighting. All s m o k e p r o o f enclosures and
vestibules shaU be provided wit1 emergency lighting powered by
tile standby power system (see 5-2.3.12).
5-2.4 Horizontal Exits.
5-2.4.1 Application. Horizontal exits shall be permitted to be
substituted for other exits to file extent dlat file total egress capacity
of tile odler exits (stairs, ramps, doors leading outside the vessel)
124
 N F P A 301 - - A98 R O C (Reprinted f r o m F97 R O P )

will n o t b e r e d u c e d b e l o w h a l f t h a t r e q u i r e d for t h e e n t i r e d e c k Table 5-2.5.2 Ram ,s

a r e a o f tile o c c u p a n c y if n o h o r i z o n t a l e x i t e x i s t e d . M i n i m u m widd~ c l e a r o f all 115 c m (45 in.)
obstructions, except
5-2.4.2 Horizontal Exit Division. projections
n o t e x c e e d i n g 9 c m (3.5 in.)
5-2.4.2.1 Every a r e a for w h i c h c r e d i t is a l l o w e d in c o n n e c t i o n with a t or b e l o w h a n d r a i l
a h o r i z o n t a l e x i t shall have, i n a d d i t i o n to t h e h o r i z o n t a l e x i t o r h e i g b t o n e a c h side
exits, a t l e a s t o n e stairway or d o o r w a y l e a d i n g o u t s i d e o r o t l l e r e x i t Maximum slope 1 in 12 for 15 c m (6 in.) a n d
d i a l is n o t a h o r i z o n t a l exit. g r e a t e r rise, 1 in 10 for > 7.5 c m
(3 in.) rise a n d <15 c m (6 in,)
5-2.4.2.2 Every h o r i z o a t a l e x i t f o r w h i c h c r e d i t is g i v e n shall he rise, 1 in 8 for 7.5 c m (3 in.) or
a r r a n g e d so t h a t t h e r e a r e c o n t i n u o u s l y a v a i l a b l e p a t h s o f travel less rise,
l e a d i n g f r o m e a c h side of t h e e x i t to stairways o r otlaer m e a n s o f M a x i m u m cross s l o p e 1 in 48
e g r e s s l e a d i n g to a n a r e a of refilge or e m h a r k a t i o n area. 75 c m (30 in.)
M a x i m u m rise for s i n g l e
r a n l p ruff
5-2.4.3 E g r e s s f r o m H o r i z o n t a l Exlt.s. W h e r e tile h o r i z o n t a l e x i t is
i n t e n d e d to be u s e d for egress f r o m b o t h sides o f a h o r i z o n t a l exit,
t h e d e c k a r e a o n e i t h e r side of a h o r i z o n t : d e x i t shall b e s u f f i c i e n t Exception: Aisle ramps as permitted for accommodation occupancies in
to h o l d tile o c c u p a n t s of b o t h f l o o r areas, a l l o w i n g n o t less t l l a n Chapters 8 through 19.
0.30 m ~ (3.2 ft ~) c l e a r f l o o r a r e a p e r p e r s o n .
5-2.5.3 Ramp Details.
Exception: Special deck area requirements in health care occupancies as
provided in Chapter 9. 5-2.5.3.1 L a n d i n g s . R a m p s shall have l a n d i n g s a t d i e top, a t t h e
b o t t o m , a n d a t d o o r s o p e n i n g o n t o d i e r a m p . T h e s l o p e of file
5-2.4.4 D o o r s in H o r i z o n t a l E x i t s . l a n d i n g s h a l l n o t be s t e e p e r d~an 1 in 50. Every l a n d i n g shall h a v e a
d i m e n s i o n m e a s u r e d in dae d i r e c t i o n o f travel n o t less t i t a n d i e
5-2 4 4 1 D o o r s in h o r i z o n t a l exits s h a l l c o m n l v widl 5-9 1 4 widfll o f d i e r a m p . S u c h d i m e n s i o n n e e d n o t e x c e e d 120 c m (47.2
. . . . ~ " -" " " in.) w h e r e d i e ~ . J ~ a s a s t r a i g h t run.
Exception: Sliding door, in engineering and machinery space ........ ,J"~".'~'":% . . . . . . . .
occul~ancies as t~rovided in Chapter 12, and in storage occulJancies as a "z •a •~ •z anl?:!:.i~.~.:.:.!'
,-o,m s.t. a n c e " ~ r a m p snml n a v e a s n p r e s i s t a n t
""
provided " Cha~pVo-r13.
tn - ~ - surface. ::'-::- "~::::
c~:..."i~:- :::.'~.-
":~i~!.":~":,,

5-2.4.4.2 W h e r e s w .m ~ m g .fire d o .o r s a r e. u s e d m . h o r i z o n t a l exits 5-2 "5 "3.'~~.~::::::::...:.

i i i " ~ g~.e s ,, i~!i~ix~ction
, -::::::::::.:..:.., , o f T .r a v e,.l . C h~a n g e s in d, i r e c t i o n o f
tla~v
. . .
~la~ll
. . . .
cn,'aw~lv
. . . .
wltl'~
. . .
t. | ~. . Odlnwlncr-
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
' trave~i:.~'a ,',fl~C~-.,gllan n e rr~a~.~:~onq a t l a n a t n s. ~,amps a n a
e:-:-" . - - . --:-:-- - . . g . .
: v J ~, nlt.e....gmed~.~te l a n d i n g s s ~ l c o n u n u e wafll n o d e c r e a s e m wldfll
( a, ) T h e y sl lal swim,~ in tile d i r e c t i o n o f e g r e ~ travel, a n d
. . . .
~.|~
J " ~ i : . t h e . ~ : . ectaon
.
" o f egress
~"
..::::::::::::~ .::::-:.-.'~::.:~;,
travel "

¢b) W h e r e a h o m•z o n t a l e x i•t serves a r e a s o n b o t h s/des • o f a fire 5-2 . 5":~i~:..~i".~.

. . . . . . ~:-~.r o p -.O f f s " R a m p s a n d l a n d ~i n g s w.i d l drop-offs shall. have "
b a r r i e r , d l e r e s h a l l b e a d j a c e n t o p e n i n g s with s w i n g i n g d o o r s , <:i:::...... curbs, w~..l~!~.:r..,?.:~ngs, o r , p r o j e c u n g s u r t a ~ s m a t p r e v e n t p e o p l e ,
. . . . . . . .
o D e n l n ~ in ODDOS te d i r e c t i o n s wltll s ~ns o n e a c b s i d e of tile fire '-"-.::::::::::::::::...
'.::::::::::::.:-...I r o m. travetl.~$~:.'ott -... tile e o g e o t t h e r a m p . t~urus o r b a r r i e r s snail De a
b a, r r i. e r ~.,
m d l.c a-U: n g d~e d o o r t h a t, s w.n g s vwltll
. t h e travel f r o m t h a t ":::~'~:'::::::~.~'" ~ooum ~ ' 1 0 c m (3 "9 m ") m h e i g h t
::i~:. " v~i~i~:i:~..' ..::::......:.::.
side, or ...........::.... ":~iii:::i.ii~-~-5:'~::"Ramps S e r v i n g a s R e q u i r e d M e a n s o f Egress.
(c) T h e y shall be of a n y o i l i e r a p p r o v e d a r r ~ l g e m e n t ~ v ~ . ::~iii, "~ . .
d~at d o o r s always swin~ with a n y o o s s i b l e e g r e s s travel...::~ii::: "%: 5~'~5 •3 •5 • 1 All _r a m p. s s e r v i n g .as r e q u i r e d mear~s of e g r e s s shall b e
%:.:~-:
-- v . - - A~:'
. . .~?~i-:i::,
. . ::~L:.:.:.:.~.
. . ,~..:, .~:::+~permanent f i x e d C o n s t r u c U O n.

t5-2Ai41i3izDeOOrrSlle~h:ge~ZOntal exits s h a l l b e d e s i g n e d a n ~ t r ~ l e ~ -,.:.:.:-. 5of2~;3~2mAi;aol~PoUSed~sbasl~.~nsofegr~.ssT~]aeallbmep~inoStrrUCtc~d

.--~;~:~i~i~..::.-::iiii!i~i~r
.... "::~iii!~::........
5-2.4.4.4 All fire d o o r s in h o r i z o n t a l exits s [ ~ t i b e s~$~sing'~!i~.;:i.:::' l a n d i n g s shall b e s o l i d a n d w i t h o u t p e r f o r a t i o n s .
a u t o m a t i c - c l o s i n g in a c c o r d a n c e widl 5-2.:~ H o r i z o n / ~ . i ~ i t ~ t r s
l o c a t e d across a c o r r i d o r s h a l l b e a u t o r d f . / ] ~ t ~ s i n g in ~ i : ~ b r d a n c e Exception: Deck coverings complying with 6-3.4.
with 5-2.1.7.
":-~i~iii~::.. f::" 5-2.5.4 G u a r d s a n d H a n d r a i l s . G u a r d ~ c o m p l y i n g wifll 5-2.2.4
5-2.4.5 B o u n d a r i e s f o r H o r i z o n t a l Exits. B o u n ~ i ¢ ~ : p a r a t i n g shall b e p r o v i d e d for r a m p s . H a n d r a i l s c o m p l y i n g with 5-2.2.4 s h a l l
a r e a s b e t w e e n w h i c h d l e r e a r e h o r i z o n t a l exits shalJi~.~ A-60 Class. b e p r o v i d e d a l o n g b o d l sides o f a r a m p s e g m e n t s t e e p e r allan 1 in
T h e y s h a l l p r o v i d e a s e p a r a t i o n c o n t i m m u s f r o m s~iteshell to 20. T h e h e i g h t o f h a n d r a i l s a n d g u a r d s shall he m e a s u r e d vertically
s i d e s h e l l a n d d e c k to d e c k . (See also 6-2.3.) to tile t o p o f t h e g u a r d or rail f r o m d i e w a l k i n g surface a d j a c e n t
thereto.
Exception No. 1: Where an A-60-Class bounda~ is used to provide a
horizontal exit in any deck of a vessel, it shall not be required on other ExctTOtion: Guards and handrails provided for ramped aisles in
decks if the decks on which the bounda~ is omitted are separated from the accommodation occupancies in accordance with Chapter 8.
deck with the horizontc~l exit by an A-60-Class deck.
5-2.5.5 S p e c i a l P r o v i s i o n s f o r O u t s i d e R a m p s . B a l c o n i e s or
Exception No. 2: As othe~wise provided in Chapters 17 through 19. l a n d i n g s to w h i c h d o o r s l e a d shall b e a p p r o x i m a t e l y level with tile
d e c k o f dae vessel.
5-2.5 R a m p s .
5-2.5.6 W a t e r A c c u m u l a t i o n . O u t s i d e r a m p s a n d l a n d i n g s s h a l l b e
d e s i g n e d to p r e v e n t w a t e r f r o m a c c u m u l a t i n g o n fl~eir surfaces.
5-2.5.1 G e n e r a l . Ew-wy r a m p u s e d as a c o m p o n e n t in a m e a n s of
egress s h a l l c o n f o r m to t h e g e n e r a l r e q u i r e m e n t s o f S e c t i o n 5-1 a n d
5-2.5.7 E n c l o s u r e a n d P r o t e c t i o n o f R a m p s . R a m p s in a r e q u i r e d
to d i e s p e c i a l r e q u i r e m e n t s o f dfis s u b s e c t i o n .
m e a n s o f egress shall b e e n c l o s e d or p r o t e c t e d as a stair in
a c c o r d a n c e widl 5-2.2.6. T h e use of E x c e p t i o n 1 to 5-2.2.6.2 shall
5-2.5.2 D i m e n s i o n a l C r i t e r i a . R a m p s shall be in a c c o r d a n c e witll
not be permitted.
d i e f o l l o w i n g table:
5-2.6 E x i t P a s s a g e w a y s .

5-2.6.1 G e n e r a l . E x i t passageways s h a l l c o n f o r m to file g e n e r a l

r e q u i r e m e n t s o f S e c t i o n 5-1 a n d to t h e special r e q u i r e m e n t s o f this
subsection.

5-2.6.2 E n c l o s u r e . An e x i t p a s s a g e w a y shall be s e p a r a t e d f r o m
o d l e r p a r t s o f tile vessel ,as s p e c i f i e d in 5-1.3.1.

125
 N F P A 301 ~ A98 R O C (Reprinted f r o m F97 R O P )
5-2.6.3 Stair Discharge. An exit passageway that serves as a
discharge from a stair enclosure shall have the same fire-resistance (a) To provide access to unoccupied u p p e r deck areas
rating mad o p e n i n g protective fire protection rating as that required
for the stair enclosure. (b) To provide a second means of egress from spaces subject to
occupancy only by able-bodied crew
5-2.6.4 Width. The width of an exit passageway shall be adequate
to accommodate the aggregate required capacity o f ,all exits 5-2.9.2 Alternating tread devices shall comply with the following:
discharging through it.
(a) Handrails shall be provided on both sides of alternating
Exception No. 1: Where an exit passageway serves ocentpants of the level tread devices in accordance with 5-2.2.4.5
of exit discharge as well as other decks, capacity shall not be required to
be aggregated. (See 5-3.1.4.) (h) The clear width between handrails shall be a m i n i m u m of 45
cm (17.7 in.) and shall n o t exceed 60 cm (23.6 in.)
5-2.6.5 Deck. T h e deck shall be solid and without perforations.
(c) Headroom shall not be less than 2 m (6.6 ft)
5-2.7 S e r v i c e Stairs and L a d d e r s .
(d) The angle o f the device shall be between 50 and 68 degrees
5-2.7.1 General. Service stairs mad ladders are designed to be used to horizontal
for egress from areas by able-bodied crew.
(e) The height of the riser shall n o t exceed 25 cm (9.8 in.)
5-2.7.2 Dimensional Criteria. Service stairs and ladders shall
comply with the requirements of Table 5-2.7.2 (f) Treads shall have a m i n i m u m projected tread depth of 15 cm
(5.9 in.) measured in accordance with 5-2.2 with each tread
Table 5-2.7.2 providing 25 cm (9.8 in.) o f d e p t h including tread overlap
Stair Requirements Dimensions
Minimum width 70 cm (27.5 in.) (g) A m i n i m u m distance o f 15 cm (5.9 in.) shall be provided
Minimum horizontal 70 cm (27.5 in.) between the stair h~4a.drail and any other object
.~.~::.
dimension of landing or (h) The initi.a.t.::~ii'ea~:":bfthe stair shall begin at the same elevation
plafforna ,as the p l a f f o ~ d i n g , or deck surface
Maximum riser height 30 cm (11.8 in.) ..:~-~ "~:~i~!~.-%
Minimum net tread d e p t h 17 cm (6.7 in.) (i) T h ~ : . ~ ) ' ~ r n a ~ : . e a d s shall not be laterally separated by more
Minimum total tread depth 25 cm (9.8 in.) than 5~:~:~i~a.) ~~."]:~.!~......,-
Hand rail height 85 cm to 95 cm (33.5 in. to .s::::-" ...:.:. ' %'.':::::~:.::.~
37.5 in.) ~i~ Th~i~ccupant Ioa~'~'erved shall not be more than three
Minimum head room 2.0 m (6.6 ft) ~i:. ,ii~i~.. -
Spiral stairs A~ permitted by 5-2.2.2.7 5-2. | : ~ i i ~ ' ~ " ' ~ Refuge.

5-2.7.3 Construction Materials. Service stairs a n d ladders shall be "::'-.::.:~.:....

.:?:.:: 5-2.10.1 " : ~ . : . g f Refuge Details.
constructed of steel or equivalent materials. : ~ : . - . ~ . . . . . . "~#~"~ ~ . . . . . . . . . . . .
".':~:,-.K : ' ~.~:.:.:.
$ ~~::::::::::~
: l , a ,~--.-
,.:Areas ot refuge snmt compty wma uae touowmg:
. . . . . .x. .<:::+ ~e-::::.'-.:-~.2::~~
Exceptton: Where otherwise permitted In Chapters 8 through 19. ~: .,::.~" "..:~,
~:-'.*?~-":?~i::.'.. "~'.~.:~::-"(a) .~e b o u n d e d by A-60 bulkheads and decks
5-2.7.4 Construction and Installation. Service ladders s[#]'l c ~ i ~ l y '~i~: . . . . . .
with the requirements o f A N S I A I 4 . 3 , S a f e ~ C o d e f o r ~ L a ~ . ! ~ e p t t o n : As ottwrwtse promded m Chapters17 through19.
•#" -:':?.i:?-",:~....-.:~:~:~?:!:.."~:::~:"
Exc~Otion No. 1: Ladders installed with a pitch less than" 75 " ~ " sha~:'):iil!i!ii-~~ (b) Be located above dae waterline
not be permitted . . . . . . . . . . . . . ~ii-?.:';.-':, ""<"
~ii.'-'s:~.:':-..:.~!:.... "%~i~i~i::....-.:-::. (c) Be a s m o k e p r o o f enclosure in accordance with 5-2.3
• . ..::::." , "~:'.':::::::~. x$::::::::~:,"
Exce~twn No. 2: Combustible ladders shall not ~ ~erm, ttehY~.'..::::::::::, ".::::.-:-"
-- :::'.".-:i~:i-:..'::,- '%% #~:::" Exception No. 1 to (c): The smokeproof endosure shall not be required in
5-2.8 Vertical Ladders. 6+."~:;:.::-..::::::::::::.. ~' :'.~-'~.::_: a vessel that. is. protected throughout b,) an approved, supervised
"::i'iii-!::!!i
i. . . . . ,:'!y automatw sprmkler system.
5-2.8.1 General• Vertical ladders shall be p e r n : i $ ~ t o . . ~ used for
access or means of escape as provided by Chapter~::-~]i~i~rough 19. Exc.eptton No. 2 to (c): Weather deck areas of refuga
~<~::" . .
5-2.8.2 Construction and Installation. Vertical lad'flees shall be 5-2.10.1.2 Ducts shall be permitted to penetrate such barriers,
constructed of steel unless prohibited by other provisions o f this code, and shall be
provided with smoke-actuated dampers m e e t i n g dae requirements
Exception: Where specifically permitted b3 Chapters 17 through l 9. of UL 555S, Standard for Safety Leakage Rated Dampers [or Use in
Smoke Control Systems, or other approved means to resJst the transfer
5-2.8.2.1 Each ladder used ,as a means of escape shall be m o u n t e d of smoke into the area of refuge.
at least 18 cm (7 in.) from the nearest p e r m a n e n t object in back of
the ladder. 5-2.10.2 Areas of refilge shall have access to an embarkation area,
by means of a protected exit.
5-2.8.2.2 Rungs shall be constructed as follows:
5-2.10.3 Where the exit used to provide egress from an area of
(a) At least 40.5 cm (16 in.) in width refiJge to an embarkation area (as required by 5-2.11.2.2) includes
stairs, they shall comply with 5-2.2.
(b) Not more than 30.5 cm (12 in.) apart, and uniformly spaced
for length o f the ladder with at least 11 cm (4.5 in.) clearance 5-2.10.4 The area of refiJge shall be provided with a two-way
above each rung communication system for communication between the area of
refi~ge and a central control point. The door to the area of refuge
5-2.8.2.3 W h e n a deck scnttle serves as a means of escape, it shall shall be identified by signage.
not be less than 45.5 cm (18 in.) in diameter and shall be fitted
with a quick acting release and a holdback device to hold the 5-2.10.5 Instructions for s u m m o n i n g assistance, via the two-way
scuttle in an open position. communication system, a n d written identification o f the area of
refuge location shall be posted adjacent to the two-way
5-2.8.3 The lowest rung o f any ladder shall be not m o r e than 30 communication system.
cm (11.8 in.) above the level of the surface beneath it.
5-3 Capacity o f Means o f Egress.
5-2.9* Alternating T r e a d D e v i c e s .
5-3.1 Occupant Load.
5-2.9.1 Alternating tread devices complying with 5-2.10.2 shall be
permitted to be used only as follows:
126
 N F P A 301 ~ A98 R O C (Reprinted f r o m F97 R O P )
5-3.1.1 T h e total capacity of the m e a n s of egress for a n y deck,
balcony, or o t h e r occupied space shall be sufficient for die
o c c u p a n t load thereof.
5-3.1.2 T h e o c c u p a n t load in any vessel or portion t h e r e o f shall
n o t be ,assumed to be less t h a n file n u m b e r d e t e r m i n e d by dividing
the deck area assigned to that use by the o c c u p a n t load factor as
ecified in Chapters 8 t h r o u g h 16 for individual occupancies.
lere boda gross a n d n e t area figures are given for the same
occupancy, calculations shall be m a d e applying die gross area
figure to die gross area o f die portion o f t h e vessel devoted to die
use for which file groin area figure is specified a n d applying fine n e t
area figure to the n e t area of die specific use for which die n e t area
figure is specified.
5-3.1.3 T h e o c c u p a n t load p e r m i t t e d in any vessel or portion
d l e r e o f shall be permitted to be increased f r o m dlat n u m b e r
established for t h e given use as specified in 5-3.1.2, where all o t h e r
r e q u i r e m e n t s of this code are also met, based on such increased
n u m b e r . T h e authority having jurisdiction shall be permitted to
require an approved :dsle, seating, or fixed e q u i p m e n t d i a g r a m to
substantiate any increase in o c c u p a n t load a n d shall be p e r m i t t e d
to require that s u c h d i a g r a m be posted in an approved location.
5-3.1.4 W h e r e exits serve m o r e dlan o n e deck, only die o c c u p a n t
load of each deck considered individually n e e d be used in
c o m p u t i n g t h e capacity of t h e exits at that deck, provided required
egress capacity of die exit shall n o t be decreased in die direction of
egress travel,
5-3.1.5 W h e r e m e a n s of egress from decks above a n d below
converge at an intermediate deck t h e capacity of die m e a n s of
egress from tile point of convergence shall be n o t less t h a n die s u m
of t h e two.
5-3.1.6 W h e r e a n y required egress capacity from a mezzanine
passes througll die space below, dlat required capacity shall be
a d d e d to t h e required egress capacity of die space in which it is
located.
5-3.2 M e a s u r e m e n t o f M e a n s o f Egre~s. Width of m e a n s o f egress %. " % l ~ . . d i . . ~ ' i : t l y to every exit shall be m a i n t a i n e d a n d shall be
shall be m e a s u r e d in die clear at the narrowest point of the exit
c o m p o n e n t u n d e r consideration . . . . .:::::.'.-::::,,
Excz'ption: Projections not to exceed 8 em (3.1 in.) on each.:.g~,~eare'%?:
permitted at and below handrail height. ~::~::;!i%':!::, ::.:::ii~'..',,::::::::...,':~:..i.]-i~:9.
•:9" "-::::::::::::~
5-3.3 Egress Capacity. .,.:.::~.,.::.
..6::':'-':~":::~i.... "::%.:".-!~::,
5-3.3.1 Egress capacity for c o m p o n e n t s of ~:~:tns o ~ : ' ~ : ~ sha]$i::~+
based on die following: ~JJiii~ '::~ii::i~i~ j::'
"~"%ii'-".:;.'i~
Use Stairway width LevYing..¢n p o n e r,.i.~ a n d
(cm p e r person) ramp~!i~.th # per
[in. p e r person] person) l:~i:.~:~ person]
All odler 0.8 [0.3] 0.5~J.0.2 ]
Exception: Stairvmy u~dths shall be permitted to be sized in accordance
with IMO Assembly Resolution A 757.
5-3.3.2 T h e required capacity of a corridor is die o c c u p a n t load
utilizing die corridor for exit access divided by tile required
n u m b e r of exits to which die corridor connects, b u t shall n o t be
less t h a n t h e required capacity of die exit to which die corridor
leads.
5-3.4 M i n i m u m Width.
5-3.4.1 T h e m i n i m u m width of a n y m e a n s of egress shaU be as
specified for a given egress c o m p o n e n t by C h a p t e r 5 or for
individual occupancies by Chapters 8 d l r o u g h 19.
Excgption No. 1: The minimum width of exit access formed by furniture
and movable partition,t, serving not more than six people and less than
15 m (49.2fl) in length, shall be not less than 50 cm (19.7 in.) at and
below 100 cm (39.4 in.) height or 70 em (27.6 in.) above 100 cm (39.4
in.) height, provided the minimum 90 em (35. 4 in.) can be provided
without moving pe*manent bulkheads.
Exception No. 2: Doors as provided for in 5-2.1.3.
Exception No. 3 Aisles and aisle accessways in accommodation
occupancies as provided in Chapter 19.
5-3.4.2 W h e r e a single exit access leads to an exit, its capacity in
t e r m s of width shall be at least equal to die required capacity of t h e
exit to wlfich it leads. W h e r e m o r e t h a n o n e exit access leads to a n
exit, each shall have a widdl a d e q u a t e for d i e n u m b e r of persons it
shall a c c o m m o d a t e .
5-4 Number of Means of Egress.
5-4.1 General.
5-4.1.1 "/'lie m i n i m u m n u m b e r o f separate m e a n s o f egress from
a n y deck, occupancy, or portion daereof, shall be two.
Exception; As otherwise permitted by Chapters 17 through 19.
5-4.1.2 T h e m i n i m u m n u m b e r of m e a n s of egress f r o m any
mezzanine, deck, or portion t h e r e o f shall be two.
Excz~ption No. I: Where a single means of egress is permitted by Chapters
8 through 19.
Exception No. 2: A mezzanine shall be permitted to have a single means
of egress provided the common path of travel limitations of Chapters 8
through 19 are not exceeded.
5-4.1.3 Only die egress r e q u i r e m e n t s of each level considered
individually shall be. r e q u i r e d to be used in c o m p u t i n g t h e n u m b e r
of m e a n s of e g r e s ~ i $ . h a t level, provided that t h e r e q u i r e d n u m b e r
o f m e a n s o f e g ~ " s l l ~ . ' n o t be decreased in die direction o f egress
travel. ,:~%$~'.-'i::-
~!~ "%!!i~'i::..
5-5 A r r a j a g ~ e n t d:~i"..~..~anso f Egress.
.,::-,~i~iii-:ii~'~::.:'%
. ":~!?..:...,~:.
5-5.1s.:~i~en~l. "~#"
~-. % ,¢"
~ ~ : ~ . E~.~...zball be Io'i:ated a n d exit access shall be a r r a n g e d so
dlat"6~Mj!~i:~":~eadily accessible at all rimes.
"*.-:i~i~!.."-.~:.
..-!--.:::::... 5-5.1.2 ~ . e : : : ~ - x i t s are n o t immediately accessible from an open
~liii~i~i~..e...ck area, ~ " a n d c o n t i n u o u s passageways, aisles, or corridors
"~ii:: . , ~ : ~ o provide access for each o c c u p a n t to at least two exits
":i.::::::ii!;'[Sys e ~ : a t e ways of travel.
"~':::.i~...~(~.eption
No. 1: Where a single exit is permitted b~ Chapters 8 through
--
.::~::' ~ :~.:::.::::-'
. .~.
.'.::..':.~:!:?.:.:.:.::. ".~'..':::...::?:::~"~"
"::%~':ii~::. ~:"-':-:::" Exception No. 2: Where common paths of travel are perm, tted for an
.~:. oecupane 3 by Chapters 8 through 19, such common paths of travel shall be
permitted but shall not exceed the limit specified.
~iiii.';..'ii " 5-5.1.3 W h e r e m o r e allan o n e exit is required from a n occupancy,
such exits shall be remotely located from each o t h e r a n d shall be
a r r a n g e d a n d constructed to minimize file possibility that m o r e
t h a n o n e can be blocked by any o n e fire or o t h e r e m e r g e n c y
condition.
5-5.1.4" If two exits or exit access doors are required, they shall be
placed at a distance from o n e a n o d l e r equal to, but n o t less fllan,
one-half t h e lengdl of t h e m a x i m u m overall diagonal d i m e n s i o n of
die occupancy or area to be served, m e a s u r e d in a straight line
between die n e a r e s t edge of die exit doors or exit access doors.
W h e r e exit enclosures are provided as t h e required exits a n d are
i n t e r c o n n e c t e d by a passageway c o n f o r m i n g to the r e q u i r e m e n t s of
5-1.3.5, exit separation shall be p e r m i t t e d to be m e a s u r e d along die
line of travel within die corridor.
W h e r e m o r e dian two exits or exit access doors are required, at
least two of the required exits or exit access doors shall be
a r r a n g e d to comply with d i e above. T h e o t h e r exits or exit access
doors shall be located so that if o n e b e c o m e s blocked, die odlers
will be available.
Exception: In vessels protected throughout t~ an approved, supervised
automatic sprinkler system in accordance with Seawn 7-2.2, the
minimum separation distance between two exits or exit access doors
measured in ~ordance with 5-5. I. 4 shall be not less than one third the
length of the maximum overall diagonal dimension of the area to be
served.
5-5.1.5" Interlocking or scissor stairs shall be p e r m i t t e d to be
considered separate exits if enclosed in a c c o r d a n c e widl 5-1.3.1
a n d separated f r o m each o t h e r by A-Class rated construction.
T h e r e shall be no p e n e t r a t i o n s or c o m m u n i c a t i n g openings,
w h e t h e r protected or not, between t h e stair enclosures.
127
 NFPA 301 ~ A98 R O C (Reprinted from F97 ROP)
5-5.1.6 Exit access shall be a r r a n g e d so that tiaere are no dead e n d s
in corridors.
Exception: Where dead ends are permitted by. Chapters 8 through 19,
such dead ends shall not exceed the limit specified.
5-5.1.7 Exit access f r o m spaces shall be p e r m i t t e d to be t h r o u g h
a d j o i n i n g or i n t e r v e n i n g spaces or ,areas, provided such a d j o i n i n g
spaces are accessory to tire a r e a served. Foyers, lobbies, a n d
reception r o o m s constructed as required for corridors shall n o t be
construed as i n t e r v e n i n g spaces.
5-5.2 I m p e d i m e n t s to Egress. (See also 5-1.7 and 5-Z1.5.)
5-5.2.1 In no case shall access to an exit be t h r o u g h galleys,
storerooms, restrooms, e n g i n e e r i n g a n d m a c h i n e r y spaces, closets,
staterooms or similar spaces, or any spaces with doors flint can he
locked.
Exception: Exit access in specific occu[~ancies shall be permitted to pass
through rooms or spaces subject to lockzng as provided in Chapter 9.
5-5,2.2* Exit access a n d exit d o o r s shall be d e s i g n e d a n d a r r a n g e d
to be clearly recognizable. H a n g i n g s or draperies shall n o t be
placed over exit doors or otherwise located to conceal or obscure
any exit. Mirrors shall n o t be placed on exit doors. Mirrors shall
n o t be placed in or adjacent to a n y exit in such a m a n n e r as to
confuse the direction of exit.
5-5.3 Exterior Ways o f Exit Access.
5-5.3.1 Exit access shall be p e r m i t t e d to be by m e a n s of ,any
exterior l a n d i n g or o p e n deck that c o n f o r m s to t h e r e q u i r e m e n t s of
this chapter.
5-5.3.2 T h e long side of dae l a n d i n g or o p e n deck shall be at least
50 p e r c e n t o p e n a n d shall be a r r a n g e d to prevent tile a c c u m u l a t i o n
of smoke.
5-5.5.5 Exterior exit-access landings shall be separated f r o m tide
interior o f the vessels by b u l k h e a d s a n d o p e n i n g protectives as
r e q u i r e d for corridors . . . . . . .':::.'.--':.;~
Exception: Where the exterior exit access landing is served..~"at/e~::i:'
two remote stairs that can be accessed without any occup.a..~i:-?:~..ding..i~:...-::.:." %, :~i~'re-resisuuace rating n o t less t h a n d m t required for t h e exit
travel rtrust an unbrotected
~
o~ening
-•
to reach one of the stdirs" x..~.:.~::.~:.~::~
":::5:+:+:
"x':i~."-:' ~:::.:.::'~?"
"'::::~:::::::.>"
5-5.3.4 T h e r e shall be no obstruction by raili..ff~!~!!~e...Cs~ o"/<i~e.s~:.
that divide the open space into sections ap[..~'~"tenanf'~-$1adivid:i:~["::"
r o o m s or o t h e r subdivisions. ~:-:::~- "::'{{!i!i*: .-~{Y"
-J:~3iii~::. ":~.:.'?:.~
5-5,3.5 An exterior exit access shall be a r r a l ~ ' ~ i ~ o that t ~ r e are
no dead e n d s in excess of 6 m (19.7 ft). "::iiiiiii!!!~. . . . . . .:..'....
ji
5-5.3.6 Any l a n d i n g or o t h e r exterior exit access t i ~ J r o j e c t s
beyond file outside bulkhead of t h e vessel shall co~'ply wid~ t h e
r e q u i r e m e n t s of dais chapter as to width a n d a r r a n g e m e n t .
5-5.3.7 An exterior exit access shall have solid, substantially level
decks a n d shall have guards that are at least equivalent to those
specified in 5-2.2.4 on u n e n c l o s e d sides m o r e t h a n 75 cm (29.5 in.)
above die deck or level below.
5-5.3.8 T h e materials of construction shall be as p e r m i t t e d for file
vessel o c c u p a n c y served.
5-6 M e a s u r e m e n t o f Travel Distance to Exits.
5-6.1 T h e m a x i m u m travel distance in any occupied space to at
least o n e exit, m e a s u r e d in a c c o r d a n c e with the following
r e q u i r e m e n t s , shall n o t exceed the limits specified by this code (see
5-6.4).
5-6.2 T h e travel distance to a n exit shall be m e a s u r e d on the deck
or o t h e r walking surface a l o n g t h e centerline of t h e natural path of
travel starting f r o m the m o s t r e m o t e p o i n t subject to occupancy,
curving a r o n n d ,any corners or obstrnctions with a 0.3 m (1,0 ft)
clearance therefrom, a n d e n d i n g at t h e c e n t e r of d~e doorway or
o t h e r p o i n t at which t h e exit begins. W h e r e m e a s u r e m e n t includes
stairs, the m e a s u r e m e n t shall be taken in the plane of the tread
nosing.
5-6.3 W h e r e o p e n stairways or r a m p s are p e r m i t t e d as a path o f
travel to required exits, such as between mezzanines or balconies
a n d tile deck below, tile distance shall include tile travel on fine
stairway or r a m p a n d ti~e travel f r o m tile e n d of tide stairway or
r a m p to a n outside d o o r or o t h e r exit in addition to tile distance
traveled to reach tide stairway or ramp.
5-6.4 Travel Distance Limitations. Travel distance limitations shall
be as provided in Chapters 8 d l r o u g h 19.
5-6.5 W h e r e any part of a n exterior exit is widfin 3 m (9.8 ft)
horizontal distance o f a n y u n p r o t e c t e d vessel o p e n i n g , as permitted
by ti~e Exceptions to 5-2.2.6.2 for outside stairs, tide travel distance
to t h e exit shall include ti~e length of wavel to the embarkation area
or a r e a of refuge.
5-7 Discharge from Exits.
5-7.1 All exits shall t e r m i n a t e directly at an exit discharge, an area
of refuge, or a n e m b a r k a t i o n area. O p e n decks, or o t h e r portions
of t h e exit discharge, shall be of reqtfired widd~ a n d size to provide
all o c c u p a n t s wida a safe access to a n e m b a r k a t i o n area.
Exception No. 1: Interior exit discharge as permitted by 5-7.2.
Exception No. 2: Open deck exit discharge as permitted b3 5-7.5.
5-7.2 At least 50 p e r c e n t of tile required n u m b e r of exits,
comprising at least ~.O p e r c e n t of d i e r e q u i r e d egress capacity, shall
discharge d i r e c d ~ , area of refuge or a n e m b a r k a t i o n area.
Exits n o t d i s c h ~ i n g " f f ~ : a n area o f refuge or an embarkation area
shall m e e t d}.¢~f~.]]~wingr e q u i r e m e n t s :
.'-.':~i~" ":":~i'~'-"ii-:'.::.
(a) L ¢ . ~ l ' ~ : a f r e ~ . d u n o b s t r u c t e d way to an area of refnge or
embag.~.~i'~Si~ea t i l ~ i £ e . a . d i l y visible a n d identifiable f r o m fl~e
poiil~.-::::8~ dis'i~iarge fronJ:~'::exit ..
,f'i'~. %: ~:#::"
,:i!ii(Iff~i::::i!~.ro~.~g.protection t h r o n g h o u t by a n approved, automatic
spriii~}~#'~"fia or have dae portion of tide level of discharge used
for t i f i ' ~ ~ : p o s e p r o t e c t e d by a n approved, a u t o m a t i c sprinkler
.:,:.:.-.......
:: system m'i~.::i~.~.~ated f r o m die n o n s p r i n l d e r e d portion of the deck
~iiii!i!~::iiii~i!~g.firer e s i ~ ' c e - r a t e d construction that m e e t s tide r e q u i r e m e n t s
% ""~':~g~..~.-.g;.e~6sure of exits (see 5-1.3.1)
% ..::'{.}~":"~"~.~;'~
":'~xcep~:'~- As pwvided otherwise by Chapters 17 through 19.
"%::i~) Provide separation f r o m areas below by construction having a
enclosure
Exception to (c): Levels below the level of discharge shall be permitted to
be open to the level of discharge in an atrium in accordance with 6-2.4.6.
5-7.-g T h e exit discharge shall be a r r a n g e d a n d m a r k e d to make
d e a r t h e direction of egress to an area of refuge or an embarkation
area. (See 5-2.2.3.6.)
5-7.4 Doors, stairs, ramps, passageways, landings, a n d o t h e r
c o m p o n e n t s of an exit discharge shall comply witi-, tide detailed
r e q u i r e m e n t s of fills c h a p t e r for s u c h c o m p o n e n t s .
5-7.5 WeaOterdeck exit discharge shall be p e r m i t t e d where die
following r e q u i r e m e n t s are met:
(a) Discharge is to o p e n decks
(b) Tile o p e n deck has a fire-resistance rating at least t h e
equivalent of that r e q u i r e d for tile exit enclosure
(c) T h e r e is a c o n t i n u o u s a n d safe m e a n s o f egress f r o m tile
open deck to a n area of refuge or an e m b a r k a t i o n area
5-8 Illumination of Means of Egress.
5-8.1 General.
5-8.1.1 Illumination of m e a n s of egress shall be provided in
accordance with dais section for every vessel where required in
Chapters 8 t h r o u g h 19. For t h e purposes of this r e q u i r e m e n t , exit
access shMI include only d e s i g n a t e d stairs, aisles, ramps, a n d
passageways leading to a n exit. For t h e purposes of dais
r e q u i r e m e n t , exit disclmrge shall include only designated stairs,
aisles, ramps, walkways, a n d passageways leading to an
e m b a r k a t i o n area.
5-8.1.2 Ilhlmination o f m e . m s o f egress shall be c o n t i n u o u s d u r i n g
the time flint the conditions of occupancy require that the m e a n s of
128
 N F P A 301 - - A98 R O C (Reprinted f r o m F97 R O P )
egress be available for use. Artificial lighting shall be employed at
such places and for such periods o f time as required to maintain
the illumination to d~e m i n i m u m criteria values herein specified.
5-8.1.3 The decks and other walking surfaces widfin an exit and
widfin the portions of the exit access and exit discharge designated
by 5-8.1.1 shall be illuminated to values of not less allan 10 Ix (1
foot-candle) measured at the deck.
5-8.1.4 Any required illumination shall be arranged so that the
failure of any siiigle lighting unit, such as the burning out of an
electric bulb, will not leave may area in darkness.
5-8.1.5 T h e equipment or units installed to meet the requirements
of Section 5-10 shall be permitted also to serve the function o f
illumination o f means o f egress, provided diat all applicable
requirements of dais section for such illumination are met.
5-8.2 Sources of Illumination.
5-8.2.1 Illumination of means of egress shall be from the main
power source.
5-8.2,2 No battery-operated electric light nor any type of portable
lamp or lantern shall be used for primary illumination of means o f
egress. Battery-operated electric lights shall be permitted to be used
as an emergency source to the extent pernfitted u n d e r Section 5-9.
5-9 Emergency Lighting.
5-9.1 General. • (3.9 in.) .°~:i'~"e"::ii~iii.
5-9.1.1 Emergency lighting facilities for means of egress shall be
provided in accordance with this section for all occupancies where
required in Chapters 8 through 19. For die purposes of dais
requirement, exit access shall include only designated stairs, aisles,
ramps, and passageways leading to ,an exit. For die purposes of dais
requirement, exit discharge shall include only designated stairs,
ramps, aisles, a n d walkways leading to an area of refitge or an ~.:.:!:.::.:.,. object in'::~iM.~fi" die line of vision of die required exit sign of such
embarkation area. :~ilili~..c...haracte(':~:to detract attention from die exit sign.
5-9.1.2 Where maintenance of illumination d e p e n d s u p o n
changing from one energy source to another, there shall b.e..::~,.o.~::::,
appreciable interruption of illumination during die claa#:6~"e~+.'~:
Where emergency lighting is provided by a prime move~-'::~perat'~
electric generator a delay of not more t / a n 45 s e c o ~ i i ~ l l b¢-'%~:~:~::::.... ~: £~/l~.~'[~'allprovide a visible delineation of the pada of travel along the
• .,.- ..:::::::::::.
permitted.
.............. ":"~ili~::.. ""::::':-:::::" ~nterrupted by doorways, hallways, passageways, or odler such
ff die emergency generator cannot meet die . ~ , ~ 1 ; . ~ ,
requirement, then a transitional power sou.r...#~shall ~uir~/~t.~-..:~""
~:-*-:, ':-::.':'~ ,::iY"
5-9.2 P e r f o r m a n c e o f System. "S:':::":'s~.;..:::..
5-9.2.1 In the event o f failure of normal lighti~i~.t.nerg:.~cy
illumination shall be provided for a p e d o d of 8 1 ~ " ~ . ~ for twice
die time necessary to travel to a harbor of safe r e f i ~ i ~ t any point
in die vessel's route, whichever is shorter,
Emergency lighting facilities shall be arranged to provide initial
illumination dlat is not less than an average of 10 Ix (1 foot-candle)
and a m i n i m u m at mJy point of I Ix (0.1 foot-candle) measured
along die path of egress at deck level. Illumination levels shall be
permitted to decline to 6 Ix ( 0.6 foot-candle) average and a
m i n i m u m at any point of 0.6 Ix (0.06 foot-candle) ,at the end of the
emergency lighting time duration. A maximum-to-minimum
illumination uniformity ratio of 40 to 1 shall not be exceeded•
5-9.2.2 The emergency lighting system shall be arranged to provide
the required illumination automatically in the event of any
interrnption o f normal lighting.
5-9.2.3 Emergency generators used to provide power to emergency
lighting systems shall he installed, tested, and maintained in
accordance with 46 C~'R Part 112 (Subchapter J).
5-9.2.4 Battery-operated emergency lights shall use only reliable
types of rechargeable batteries provided witla suitable fadlities for
maintaining t h e m in properly charged condition. Batteries used in
such lights or units shall be approved for their intended use and
shall comply with 46 CFR Parts 110-113 (SubchapterJ).
5-9.2.5 The emergeracy lighting system shall be either continuously
in operation or shalt be capable of repeated automatic operation
without manual intervention.
5-9.3 Testing and Maintenance. Emergency lighting shall be tested
at least quarterly.
5-10 Marking of Means of Egress.
5-10.1 General.
5-10.1.1 Means of egress shall be marked in accordance with dais
section where required by Chapters 8 darough 19.
Exczption: Marking of means of egress complying zolth 1340 Resolution
A760 shall be permitted.
5-10.1.2 Exits shall be marked by an approved sign readily visible
from any direction of exit access.
5-10.1.3 Access to exits shall be marked by approved, readily visible
signs in all cases where the exit or way to reach it is not readily
apparent to die occupants. Sign placement shall be such that no
point in the exit access is more than 30 m (98 ft) from die nearest
visible sign.
5-10.1.4 Where deck proximity exit signs are specifically required
by Chapters 17 through 19, exit signs shall be placed near the deck
level in addition to dlose signs required for doors or passageways.
These signs shall be sized and illuminated in accordance with the
requirements o f 5-1...0..2and 5-10•3. The bottom of die sign shall be
not less dlan 15 c...~-~::,9 in.) nor more dl,-m 20 cm (7.9 in.) above
the deck. For e~Ci~do~; die sign shall be m o u n t e d on die door or
adjacent to t ! : ~ . r wida the closest edge of the sign widfin 10 cm
d:~.::,frame...::i#~ii::,
5-10.1,~.sign ~i~e..d/-:,by Section 5-10 shall be located and of
suc!~#{]~e,d~ifinctive co'~'."?~nd design as to be readily visible arid
sl.l~.tj.pro~e contrast ~,itI1 decorations, interior finish, or odaer
~ i ~ . N . o , ~ g o r a t i o n s , furnishings, or e q u i p m e n t that impairs
visib'~l$~::~['~*'i~xit sign shaU be permitted, nor shall daere be may
brightf~!i~|.~minated sign (for odler allan exit purposes), display, or
:'!iii: .5.~:~J~!~!~ili'~heredeck proximity egress-path marking is specifically
"~'!.:iii-:;~'equig~'~
by Chapters 8 through 19, a listed and approved deck
":~i!i.proximity egress-path marking system flaat is internally illuminated
":!i~ll be installed wiflfin 20 cm (7.9 in.) of t i e deck. T h e system
- ~ - - - . ~ . : . ~ . ,..... . . . .
":~:~!~::.::~::" ""'::':.-::'~:i:::!~designated exit access and sball be essentially conunuous, except as
"~!!~::-4 : : . architectural features. The system shall operate continuously or at
any time die vessel fire alarm system is activated. The activation,
duration, and continuity of operation of die system shall be in
::~iii " accordance with 5-9.2.
5-10.2 Size o f Signs. Every sign required by Section 5-10 shall have
the word "EXIT" or other appropriate wording in plainly legible
letters n o t less than 15 cm (5.9 in.) high with die principal strokes
of letters not less thmi 2 cm (0.8 in.) wide. The word "EXIT" shall
have letters o f a widtla not less than 5 cm (2 in.), except the letter
"i," and the m i n i m u m spacing between letters shall be not less than
1 cm (0.4 in.). Signs larger allan tile m i n i m u m established in this
p,'wagraph shall have letter widdis, strokes, and spacing in
proportion to their height.
Exception No. I: Marking required by 5-10.1.4 and 5-10.1.6.
Exception No. 2: Listed exit signs, illuminated in accordance with 5-
10.3, shall be permitted to have letters not less than 15 on (5.9 in.) in
height with the principal strokes of letters not less than 0.5 on (0.2 in.)
in width with a letter width not less than 4 on (1.6 in.), except the letter
"I."
5-10.3 Illumination of Signs.
5-10.3.1 Every sign required by 5-10.1.2 or 5-10.1.3 shall be suitably
iUuntinated by a reliable light source. Externally a n d internally
illuminated signs shall be visible in both die normal and
emergency lighting mode.
5-10.3.2 Externally illuminated signs shall be illuminated by not
less dlan 50 Ix (5 foot-candles) and shall employ a contrast rado of
not less dlan 0.5.
5-10.3.3 The visibility of an internally illuminated sign shall be the
equivalent of an externally illuminated sign dlat complies with 5-
10.3.2.
129
 N F P A 301 ~ A98 R O C (Reprinted f r o m F97 R O P )
Exception No. 1: Self-luminous or electroluminescent signs that provide
evenly iUuminated letters shall have a minimum luminance of 0.06 foot-
lamberts (0.21 cd/m 2 ) as measured 1~. a color-corrected photometer.
5d0.3.4 Every sign required by 5-10.1.5 sball provide evenly
illuminated letters having a m i n i m u m hmtinance of 0.2 c d / m ~
(0.06 foot-lamberts).
Exception: Signs complying with the requirements of 5-10.3.3 shaU be
acceptable.
5-10.3.5 Every sign required to be illuminated by 5-10.3 shall be
continuously illuminated as required tinder rite provisions of
Section 5-8.
Exception: Illumination for signs shall be permitted to flash on and off
upon activation of the fire alarm system.
5-10.3.6 Where emergency lighting facilities are required by rite
applicable provisions of Chapters 8 through 19 for individual
occupancies, d~e exit signs shall be ilhnninated by tile emergency
lighting facilities. The level of illumination of the exit sign sball be
at die levels provided in accordance with 5-10.3.2 or 5-10.3.3 for dte
required emergency lighting time duration as specified in 5-9.2.1
but shall be permitted to decline to 60 p e r c e n t of file illuminatiotl
level at rite end of the emergency lighting time duration.
. . . .
Excep tton: SelCf--lumtnous s~gns.
5-10.4 Specific Requirements.
5-10.4.1 Dire • c tmnai
. Signs. . . .
5-10.4.1.1 A sign complying with 5-10,2 reading "EXIT" or a similar
designation with a directional indicator showing the direction of
travel shall be placed in every location where die direction o f travel
to reach tile nearest exit is not apparent,
5-10.4.1.2 Tile directional indicator sllall be located outside of die '~;~#i~':%::-':-:-
EXIT legend, not less dmn 1 cm (0.4 in.) from any letter, and shall ":.ii~"*:'~'~.~-~i~.-.::~.l.Lq.:~eragefurnace titermocouple temperature rise as
be permitted to be integral to or s e p a ~ t e from the sign body. The
directional indicator shall be of a c h e w o n type as shown iB~t.g~*..re
5-10.4.1.2 and shall be identifiable as a directional indic~f~'~::~ii!i
m i n i m n m distance of 30 m (98.4 ft) u n d e r all space il.[..m.":fiinati~"
conditions. The directional indicators shall not be I ~ . a t
end of dte sign opposite the direction indicated. ~ "::-~i::i~::::ii!::.~¢~:>""'~:::~i~i~i.:":" .-'~"":i:ii: (c) The mean duration of sustained f a m i n g as calculated in
......... "~i!~'::
Figare 5-10.4.1.2 Chevron-type indicator.
5-10.4.2 Special Signs. Any door, p:tssageway, or stairway that is
neither an exit nor a way of exit access and that is located or
arranged so that it is likely to be mistaken for an exit shall be
identified by a sign reading "NO EXIT". Such sign shall have tile
word "NO" in letters 5 cm (2 in.) high widt stroke width o f 1 cm
(0.4 in.) and the word "EXIT" in letters 2.5 cm (1 in.) high, widt
Ore word "EXIT" below the word "NO."
Chapter 6 Features o f Fire Protection
6-1 General.
6-1.1 Application.
6-1.1.1 The features associated wiflt a vessel's fire protection
construction shall comply with dais chapter.
6-2 Construction and Compartmentation.
6-2.1 Construction. Vessels shall be constructed entirely of
noncombustible materials. Vessels classified in accordance widt
Chapters 17 through 19 and having individual occupancies as
classified in Chapters 8 flwough 16, shall m e e t dae m i n i m u m
constrtiction requirements of those chapters.
Exception: Where permitted by Chapters 8 through 19.
6-2.2 A material shall be noncombustible if one of the following
criteria are satisfied.
Exception: The following materials are considered as inherently
noncombustible and shall not be required to be tested for
noncombustibility:
(a) Sheet or block..g.:..lass, cla3, ceramics or uncoated glass fiber
~.-.--~.::.~-:~.. . . .
(b) All metals.~ccept magnesium or rnagnesmm alloys
(c) P o r t l ~ c ~ : . g ~ p s u m , concrete with aggregates of only sand,
grave~ v ~ l i t e , ~ perlite or pumice
.::::.*:~:'~.:....i~ ~:~:~:~:
.::i.'~--/::'~: "~:~:~i::-..-..::~"
(d)..:j:f!Wovdi"::brknitted ~ : ~ a b r i c containing not more than 2.5 percent
t~ant ~mass 4";"
~::~'::'::.::":~13!~!::, ..:'~?..::..
6-2.~:~!i!~i~.:~rial shall be noncombustible when tested in
a c c o r d ~ . ' g . w i d t ISO 1182, Fire Test-Building Materials - - Non-
4":.:::.-,.. Combustili'~..~2.:Ti$~
~::~'.'i~.~:"
"% . . . ~ f i ~ f f i n 8.1.2 of ISO 1182 does n o t exceed 30°C (86°F)
~.:.i~:" .<ili-:'
% (b) T h e average surface d~ermocouple temperature rise as
":-".ii~ulated in 8.1.2 of ISO 1182 does not exceed 30°C (86°17)
t.l:*.".'~i.-::<..:..::,..% ##:"
":::-'-:i:* 8.2.2 of ISO 1182 does not exceed 10 seconds
":"ii~ii!~iji:: (d) Tile average mass loss as calculated in 8.3 of ISO 1182 does
..::.~::" not exceed 50 percent
6-2.2.2 A material shall be noncombustible if it meets d3e criteria
of IMO Assembly Resolution A472, Improved Recommendation on
Test Method for Qualifying Marine Construction Materials as Non-
Combustible.
6-2.3 Fire Barriers.
6-2.3.1. Fire-rated deck a n d bulkhead assemblies used as fire
barriers to form fire compartments, as well as any exposed
stanchions, beams, girders, or trusses supporting such assemblies,
shall be of a design fllat has been tested to meet tile conditions of
acceptance as stipulated herein.
Exception: Where perraitted b3 Chapters 8 through 16, a combustible,
decorative finish, or veneer, may be used on ceilings and bulkheads
designated as fire barriers, provided the finish meets the requirements of
Section 6-5.
6-2.3.2 Fire barriers, as well as any assemblies used to provide
enclosure of openings in tile fire barriers, shall be rated as follows:
6-2.3.2.1 A-Class fire barriers shall be constructed of steel or
equivalent material and shall be stiffened and made intact wit1 tile
main structure of tile vessel. A Class includes die following:
(a) A-60 rating shall meet one of the following:
1. Constructed such fllat when file barrier assembly is subjected
to dte standard fire t e s t - ASTM E-119, Standard Test Methods for
Fire Tests of Building Construction and Materials, ISO 8?,4, Fire
Resistance Tests --Elements of Building Construction, or equivalent,
rite ,assembly shall prevent the passage of smoke and flame for 1
hour° Additionally, rite assembly shall provide thermal protection
130
 NFPA 301 - - A98 ROC (Reprinted from F97 ROP)
such that tile average temperature on tile unexposed side does not
rise m o r e titan 140°C (284°F) above the original (ambient)
temperature, n o r shall file temperature at any single point,
including any joint, rise more than 180°C (356°F) above tile
original temperature within tile 1-hour time period.
2. The assembly shall satisfy the p e r f o r m a n c e requirements wben
tested without surface finishes per 1MO A.754 (18) Recommendation
of Fire Resistance Test for "A, " "B, " and "F" Class Divisions as stated
n Section 9, Performance Criteria.
(b) A-0 rating shall m e e t dae requirements of 6-2.3.2.1(a), except
that there are no thermal protection requirements.
6-2.3.2.2 B Class includes file following:
(a) !?,-15 rating shall meet one of the following:
1. Constructed such tilat wben the barrier ,assembly is subjected to
tile standard fire test - - ASTM E-119, Standard Test Methods for Fire
Tests of Building Construction and Materials, ISO 834, Fire Resistance
Tests --Elements of Building Construction, or equivalent, dae
assembly shall prevent tile passage of flame for 30 minutes.
Additionally, the assembly shall provide fl~erm,M protection such
that tile average temperature on tile nnexposed side does not rise
more than 140°C (284°F) above the original (ambient)
temperature, nor shall tile temperature at any single point,
including any joint, rise more allan 225°C (4370F) above tile
original temperature within tile initial 15 minutes o f the test.
2. Tested without surface finishes and approved by meeting the
performance criteria suited when tested in accordance with IMO
A.754 (18) Recommendation of Fire Resistance Test for "A," "B," and
"F" Class Divisions.
(b) B--Orating shall meet tile requirements of 6-2.3.2.2(a),
excluding dae dmrmal protection requirements.
(c) B-15 Class divisions that, when tested according to 6-
2.3.2.2(a)
• '
prevented tile.
passage of flame and h o t gases for 60
minutes shall be p e r t a i n e d to be used ,as c o m p o n e n t s o f A-Class
construction.
6-2.3.2.3 C Class includes ti~e following:
~.-:!:.:'i!"
(a) C-Class rating shall not be required to meet a..n...~::.~.t!ire~.~.,, "~ ::i~tFPA 257, Standard on Fire Test for Window and Glass Block
relative to die.passage o f smoke and flame nor tile l ~ i ~ ~y........"~ii.?.....'.....~"Assemblies.
temperature rise. .,:.::::..:::..-...::.:,..
..::.~::::'-":'::i.':.:~-
~'~:~::,.
(b) C'-Class rating must be constructed . o ~ i i i ! ~ o n c o ~ j b l e "%i~,ii.::'::
material(s) and constructed to prevent tl~gli~ssage of ~ e
between adjacent areas. ":"""%?:i!::!~::~
6-2.3.3 Door assemhlies in fire-rated bulkhea~J~'!{~aJl b~.::~ an
appropriate rating for tile location in which inst,~l~!i~:a sball
comply witil die following: ,~,.:~-:'s-
6-2.3.3.1 Fire doors shall be self-closing or automatic-closing in
accordance witii 5-2•1.7 and, where used within ti~e means of
egress, shall comply with tile provisions of 5-2.1. A-Class doors
sball meet one of the following:
(a) ASTM F 1384, Standard Test Method for Fire Test of Marine
Joiner Doors•
1. The door and frame assembly shall remain closed in tile
o p e n i n g for 60 minutes.
2. The door and frame assembly shall stop the penetration of
flame for 60 minutes.
3. The door shall not separate from the frame more tb:m one
and one-half times the thickness o f tim door.
4. The average unexposed face temperature rise of the door, as
d e t e r m i n e d by tile five thermocouples located as stated in 7.2.1 and
7.2.2 of tile test method, shall n o t be more than 140°C (284°F), and
tile temperature rise, recorded by any of the individual unexposed
face thermocouples, shall not be more than 180°C (356°F) during
tim period given below for each classification:
• Class A-60 (60 minutes)
• Class A-0 (0 mimJtes)
(b) NVIC 6-80, Guide to Structural Fire Protection Aboard Merchant
Vessels.
6-2.3.3.2 A B-Class door shall m e e t one of the following:
(a) Tested in accordance with ASTM F 1384, Standard Test
Method for Fire Test of Marine Joiner Doors.
1. Tile door a n d frame assembly shall remain closed in fl~e
o p e n i n g for 30 minutes.
2. Tile door and frame assembly shall stop the penetration of
flame for 30 minutes.
3. Tile d o o r shall not separate from the frame m o r e tilan one
arid one-half times dae dtickness of the door.
4. The average unexposed face temperature rise of die door, as
d e t e r m i n e d by tile five thermocouples located as stated in 7.2.1 and
7.2.2 of tile test method, shall not be m o r e tilan 140°C (284°F), and
the temperature rise, recorded by any of file individual nnexposed
face dlermoconples, shall n o t be more allan 225°C (437017) during
tile period given below for each dassification:
* Class B-15 (15 minutes)
• Class B-0 (0 minutes)
(b) NVIC 6-80, Guide to Structural Fire Protection Aboard Merchant
Vessels
.&...
6-2.3.4* Fire ~ ! ~ ' o ~ ' : ~ e m b l i e s shall be permitted in fire-rated
bulkheads h~.!!.g....required fire resistance rating of A-0 or less and
shall be of:~...a:~'prt~e rating for tile location in which installed.
Fire windo~.~:shall Cf~i{iastalled in accordance with NFPA 80,
Standf3..~i~-:'.~t~e Doo~':::~ ..E;~reWindows, a n d shall comply with tile
folln.~:~ag: ":~" -~{ii}
".'r"
~ii~.!i~o.:~..dow assemblies shall be permitted in fire-rated
bulkP/~d~:"~/clj~icent to exterior areas of refuge or embarkation
areas. "%iii-~.:,
.....':~:::~... '%~!ii!~::-...C##"
v~!i~.i.~:.:.~feption
"::-: "~x.:.:.:- -..-.'-:..
1~'~i~i~i"
;:::p"
Where protected by an approved device or system.
g:':: "+::.':ili~ii::....':~..-:.-:......,....,,,y
{i'.'.. . ~ ? " N o . 2: Where otherwise permitted by Chapters 17 through 19.
..:.'.'J~:::::%iiii~: :~ili: (b) ":'Fire windows used in fire-rated bulkheads shall be of a
"'~j~: ~:.':'!~ign that has been tested to meet the conditions of acceptance of
":~!!~!!!~!::,
"~?i:i:i:]i:.. & Exception: Where protected by a water curtain in accordance with NFPA
13, Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems, or is provided with
.::if a protective system~device (see Appendix A-6.2.3.4).
'%i
6-2.5.5 Windows shall be permitted in an A-60 boundary provided
they have been tested to meet the A-60 criteria.
6-2.3.6 Every o p e n i n g in a fire barrier shall be protected to limit
the spread of fire and restrict fine m o v e m e n t of smoke from one
side of tim fire barrier to the other. Tile fire protection rating for
opening protectives shall be identical to dlat of tim barrier in which
it is installed.
6-2.3.7 Penetrations and Miscellaneous Openings in Fire Barriers•
6-2.3.7.1 Openings in fire barriers for air-handling ductwork or air
movement shall be protected in accordance with Section 7-4.
6-2.3.7.2 Pipes, conduits, bus ducts, cables, wires, air ducts,
pneumatic tubes and ducts, drive shafts, a n d similar service
e q u i p m e n t dlat pass d~rougb fire barriers shall be protected as
follows:
(a) Tile space between file penetrating item and the fire b ~ r i e r
shall be filled widl a material capable of maintaining die fire
resistance o f file barrier, or be protected by a device designed for
fllat specific purpose and that maintains file fire resistance of the
barrier.
(b) Where tile penetrating item uses a sleeve to penetrate tile fire
barrier, the sleeve shall be solidly set in the fire barrier, and file
space between the item and tile sleeve shall be filled widl a material
capable of maintaining the fire resistance o f the barrier, or be
protected by a device designed for that specific purpose a n d dlat
maintains tile fire resistance of file barrier.
131
 N F P A 301 ~ A98 R O C (Reprinted f r o m F97 R O P )
(c) Insulation a n d coverings for pipes mid ducts shall n o t pass
darough d~e fire barrier unless die material is capable of
m a i n t a i n i n g t h e fire resistance of the barrier, or is protected by a
device d e s i g n e d for that specific p u r p o s e a n d m a i n t a i n s tire fire
resistance of the barrier.
(d) W h e r e designs take transmission of vibration into
consideration, any vibration isolation shall be m a d e on e i d m r side
of tile fire barrier or be m a d e by a device designed for t h a t specific
p u r p o s e a n d does n o t d e g r a d e die fire resistance of die barrier.
6-2.4 Vertical O p e n i n g s .
6-2.4.1 All decks shall be constructed ,as a fire barrier of m i n i m u m
A-Class integrity to provide c o m p a r t m e n t a t i o n .
Exception No. 1: As permitted by 6-2.4.5.
Exception No. 2: As permitted by 6-2.4.6.
Exception No. 3: Where C' Class is permitted by Chapters 8 through 19,
decks nuty be reduced to C' Class.
6-2.4.2 O p e n i n g s d t r o u g h decks, such as staitavays, holstways for
elevators, dumbwaiters, inclined a n d vertical conveyors; shaftways
used for light, ventilation, or services; or j o i n t s used to allow
structural m o v e m e n t s or vibration isolation, shall be enclosed widl
fire barriers (vertical) such as b u l k h e a d or partition assemblies,
Such enclosures shall be c o n t i n u o u s f r o m deck to deck. O p e n i n g s
shall be protected :L~ appropriate for tile fire-resistance rating of the
barrier,
Exception No. 1: As pm'mitted by 6-2.4.5.
Exception No. 2: As permitted by 6-2.4.6.
Exception No. 3: As permitted b3 6-2.4.7.
Exception No. 4: Escalators and moving walks protected in accordance
with 6-2.4.9.
Exception No. 5: Enclosure is not required for pneumatic tube conveyors
protected in accordance with 6-2.3.6.2 . . . . . . . . :::::......
Exception No. 6: As permitted by Chapters 8 through 19. S ~::" ":~i~~:
.-'.:~;"%%, ::'.':%::::::
6-2.4.3 Vertical o p e n i n g s (sit,fits) that penetrate on~:"or::~.:'...~!!i~'e~'~ii?:!--'.::~il}''"
shall be enclosed at the lowest a n d / o r highest ley.~.l...pft h e " ~ i ~ . ,
respectively, with construction in accordance....~t~/~i~}~.4. "':i~i~i!......../:.
.4#" "::~:..{~::.. "::i~-;i::"
Exception: Shafts shall be permitted to terminC~:..in a roorn:~::::~ace,::'.:i":
having a use related to the purpose of the s h ~ : ~ v . i d e d that ~ i r o o m or
space is separated from the remainder of the vess~i':...~:.,:onstruct.~n having
a fire-resistanee rating and opening protectives in "Y~danc~ii~th 6-
2.4.4 and 6-2.3.5. "::iii::iiiii-.-:.:ji~::"
"-::::::: .:.:..
6-2.4.4* All deck o p e n i n g s shall be protected to da':~"san~e fire
resistance rating ,as t h e deck in which they are installed.
6-2.4.5 A vertical opening, c o n n e c t i n g only two adjacent decks,
shall be p e r m i t t e d to be open to o n e of the two decks.
6-2.4.6 Service o p e n i n g s for conveyors, elevators, a n d dumbwaiters,
where required to be o p e n on m o r e than o n e deck at the s a m e
time for purposes of operation, shall be provided with closing
devices in a c c o r d a n c e with 5-2.1.7.
6-2,4.7 Escalators or moving walks n o t constituting ~ exit sh~di
have their floor o p e n i n g s enclosed or protected ~ required for
o t h e r vertical openings. Escalators or m o v i n g walks or g r o u p s of
escalators or moving walks shall n o t span m o r e t h a n two decks.
Exception No. 1: In occupancies protected throughout I~ an approved,
automatic sprinkler system in accordance with Section 7-2.2, escalators or
moving watk openings shall be permitted to be protected in ac*ordance
with the metlwd detailed in NFPA 13, Standard for the Installation of
Sprink£~r Systems, or in accordance with a method approved by the
authorit~ having jurisdiction.
Exception No. 2: Escalators in large open arras, such as atriums.
6-2.5 Mezzanines.
6-2.5.1 Area Limitations.
6-2.5.1.1 T h e aggregate area of mezzanines widfin a space shall n o t
exceed one-fourth fl~e o p e n area o f die space in which d~e
m e z z a n i n e s are located. Enclosed space shall n o t be included in a
d e t e r m i n a t i o n of dae size of dae space in which dae mezzanine is
located.
Exception: Engineering and machinery space occupancies.
6-2.5.1.2 T h e r e shall be no limit on tile n u m b e r of mezzanines in a
space.
6-2.5.1.3 For purposes of d e t e r m i n i n g die allowable m e z z a n i n e
area, the area of mezzanines shall n o t be included in the area of
t h e space.
6-2.5.2 O p e n n e s s . All portions o f a m e z z a n i n e shall be o p e n to
a n d u n o b s t r u c t e d from d m space in which the m e z z a n i n e is
located.
Exception No. 1: Bulkheads or railings not more than 110 em (43 in.)
high.
Exception No. 2: A mezzanine having two or more means of egress need
not open into the space in which it is located i f at least one of the means
of egress provides direct aceess to an exit at the mezzanine level
6-2.6 Concealed SR.a.ces, All concealed spaces shall be fitted witl/
draft stops as foll.q~::.:.
::i:~!!::..........:%
(a) Vertica..D~gealed spaces shall have draft stops installed
constructe~ii~itl/':~.~.dmum B-0 fire resistance at each deck level.
.... ::~g:., ".::.:.%.~:,
(b) ...A.'|~/~!i~titial'~s..:~between ceiling a n d deck above) shall
hav.e,:~,~t ~/t~;ps i n s t a l i e ' ~ i ~ die full d e p t h of die interstitial space
by.~:~rtiti~.~,~ m e e t i n g B..4Yfire resistance n o t less tll,'m 14 m (45 ft)
"::i.:.:'~i~'::'::=
~i "':~;'::
Exceptz:~:~i~.o.. 1: I f the concealed space is protected throughout by an
"iiiiiii::::~... approved,":':'~.~tic sprinkler system in accordance with Section 7-2.2.
~ " i?:':'."..::.:, ":~:"
":i!i!i.":':::':~"~¢/o.n ~'~: 2: Concealed spaces serving as plenums. (See NFPA 9on,
":'~i':: ~ i ~ ' r the Installation of Air Conditioning and Ventilating
":?~i:::~ii::;'~ystert.g~::)
''i~:~eption No. 3: Concealed interstitial space lying wholl3 within a
.... ':~::.-':.'.!~hglespace.
":':-':::~ 6-3 interior Finish.
6-3.1 General.
....
6-3.1.1 Interior finish includes interior wall a n d ceiling finish a n d
interior deck finish.
6-3.1.2 Interior finish m e a n s tile exposed interior surfaces of
vessels including, b u t n o t limited to, fixed or movable partitions,
stanchions, a n d overheads.
6-3,1.3 Interior deck finish m e a n s die e x p o s e d deck surfaces of
vessels i n c l u d i n g coverings dlat m i g h t be applied over a n o r m a l
finished deck or stair, i n c l u d i n g risers.
6-3.2 U s e of Interior Finishes.
6-3.2.1 R e q u i r e m e n t s for interior finish shall apply as specified
elsewhere in this Code for specific occupancies. (See Chapter 5 and
Chapters 8 through 19.)
6-3.2.2 R e q u i r e m e n t s for interior deck finish shall apply except
where indicated otlaerwise by Chapters 8 d l r o u g h 19.
6-3.8 Interior Finish Classification. W h e r e required by Chapters 8
t h r o u g h 19, interior finish shall m e e t die r e q u i r e m e n t s of 6-3.3.1 or
6-3.3.2.
6-8.3.1 Interior finish materials shall have a flame-spread rating n o t
e x c e e d i n g 20 a n d a smoke developed rating n o t e x c e e d i n g 10 when
tested in a c c o r d a n c e with NFPA 255, Standard Method of Test of
Surface Burning Characteristic,~ of Building Materials.
Exception: Materials that do not exceed 2mm (0.075 in.) in thickness.
6-3.3.2 Interior finishes shalll m e e t t h e r e q u i r e m e n t s of (a)
t h r o u g h (c) of fl~is paragraph:
132
 N F P A 301 I A98 R O C ( R e p r i n t e d f r o m F97 R O P )

(a) IMO A-653(16) Recommendation on Improved Fire Test
Procedures.. fior Surface Flammability.-. of Bulkhead., Ceiling. , and Deck.
Fimsh Materials, as stated m S e c t m n 10 classlficauon or ASTM E-
l 317, Standard Test Method for Flammability of Marine Surface Finishes•
(b) ISO 5659, Part 2: Determination of Optical Dcnsit~ b3 a Single
Chamber Test, as a m e n d e d by IMO FP 3 9 / W P 4, Annex 1: Interim
Standard f t or Measuring
. .
Smoke . and Toxic Products of Combustion. T h e
average s p e o f i c opucal density, D M, shall be less t h a n 200.
(c) ISO 1716: Building Materials I Determination of Calorific
Potential, t h e n e t b e a t of c o m b u s t i o n shall be less t h a n 45 M J / m 2.
6-3.4 Interior Deck Finish Clas.sification.
6-3.4.1 Interior deck tinishes shall m e e t o n e of dae following:
Exception No. i: Deck overlays 10 mm (0.38 in.) or less which are
installed for leveling purposes.
Exception No. 2: Where otherwise permitted by Chapters 8 through 19.
(a) Consist of 100 p e r c e n t wool.
(b) Meet ASTM E-8.t, Standard Test Alethod for Surflzce Burning
Characteristics of Building Materials, with a flame spread rating n o t
e x c e e d i n g 75 a n d a smoke developed rating n o t e x c e e d i n g 100.
(c) Meet NFPA 253, Standard Method of Test for Critical Radiant
Flux of Floor Covering 5!~stems Using a Radiant Heat Energ~ Source
(ASTM E-648, Standard Test Method for Critical Radiant Flux of Floor-
Covering S~stems Using a Radiant Heat Ener~ Source) with a critical
radiant fltix n o t less t h a n 0.45 W / c m ~ a n d m e e t ASTM E-662,
Standard Test Method f~r Specific Optical Densit~ of Smoke Generated by
Solid Materials, with a specific optical density h o t exceeding 450 in
both flaming a n d norffLnning modes.
(d) Meet IMO Resolution A.653(16), Recomrmmdation on Improved... "/ 1 a "~":'-i!~::-h,~lht~,, ,¢ , n ~ A . . . . hl~ , , d . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Fire Test Procedures for Surface Flaramabdtl~ of Bulkhead, Ceihng, and "~i~i~i~;.:':}~:?:::..~hallh~ b ~ " : ~ : ~ l - - c e uAd~ e,e~fi,~ 7-6
Deck Fina'h Materials, a n d meet/LSTM E-6 19, Standard Test Method ".':':'U':'::::!~i~:~!~!~i~::::
.....
for SOecifie
t; Optical
. . Densit~
. of Snwke
. . . by Solid Materials, wida a ":~,
Generated "~::. .7~{~"::~i~,~..=::.~::.:",
/ : . L a ' - ' ~ p m r~xtracuon
specific optical
•
density n o t e x c e e d i n g 45u m both flaming a=====================
nd ":-::' ::"!.'¥enuir~'~]
;:::::1::" "1 !-: ,
n o n f l •a m m g modes • AU+:'::i!ii::!::i!i::!;
(e) M e e t IMO A.687(17), Recommendatwn on Fire T~-!?.roced..~..--" ~ .::.-."~'~i~
for Ignitabili~_ of Prima?Deck Coverings, a n d ISO 565~J, P~i?~.~.::#':':~'::':-'i~i~i::::::i!i!'*'7.1.6 Inspection, T e s t i n g a n d M a i n t e n a n c e o f Fire Alarm and
Determination of Optica,, Densit~ b~ a Single Chamber Test, as'~l~ncleO"":~('.:~?'.:.::" l~etect:^- e ......... q'- e . . . . . . . . .
In IMO FP 3 ~ / w r 4, A n n e x 1: Interim 5 t a n d a r . d . ~ ' i ~ u r ~ f ~ . . . ~ o k e
and Toxic Products o~f Cgmlmstwn
" " .-if" ""':~:.~:...:."-i~.~.. "::iii!iJ"
. . . . . •~i::i::i~i
.... ~:~$i~..', .::..:!i::"
6-3.4.2 If an u n d e r l a y m e n t ~s used, tt st~.'lt::..~...~t tl~e r e q / ~ m e / a t s
of 6-5.4.1. "::~!~]]~i-".'~?:-. ~ i!
Exception: Deck finish materials that meet the requi:r~.t~.:~.~ 6-5.4.1
when tested with the underlayment.
6-3.5 Trim a n d Incidental Finish. T h e total volume of
combustible face trim, moldings, a n d decorations, i n c l u d i n g
veneers, in any c o m p a r u n e n t shall n o t exceed a volume equivalent
of 2.5 m m (0.t in.) veneer on t h e c o m b i n e d area of t h e bulkheads.
Such trim, molding, or decorations shall n o t p e r f o r m any
strucuiral flmction a n d shall n o t be used in a m e a n s of egress.
6-3.6 Insulation providing t h e s a m e protection as the p e n e t r a t e d
division shall be applied to t h e d u c t for a distance of 305 m m (12
in.) f r o m dae division. Any insulation installed for heat, comfort,
refrigeration (including :dr conditioning), or for any other
purpose, a n d all material incidental to t h e installation, shall be
m a d e o f approved, n o n c o m b u s t i b l e materials.
Chapter 7* Vessel Fire Detection and Protection Equipment
7-1 Fire Detection, Alarm and Communications Systems.
7.1.1 General R e q u i r e m e n t s . Fire detection, alarm a n d
c o m m u n i c a t i o n s systems shall comply wida SOLAS II-2, Regulation
13 a n d tile r e q u i r e m e n t s of dais section. N o d t i n g in dais system
shall be c o n s t r u e d as a restriction on new technologies or
alternatives to those r e q u i r e m e n t s , provided that the level of
protection is m a i n t a i n e d .
7-1.2 Addregsable Fire Alarm Systems. Addressable fire alarm
systems, whereby specific space a n d or zone identification is
provided by individually identifiable fire detectors, shall be
a r r a n g e d to m e e t d~e following criteria:
(a) Me:ms are provided to ensure that any fault (e.g., power
break, s h o r t circuit, g r o u n d ) occurring in tim loop will n o t r e n d e r
the whole loop inoperative.
(b) All a r r a n g e m e n t s are m a d e to enable t h e initial configuration
of the system to be restored in the event of failure (electrical,
electronic, i n f o r m a t i o n ) .
(c) T h e first initiated fire a l a r m wilt n o t p r e v e n t any od~er
detector from initiating furd~er fire alarms.
(d) A loop shall be a r r a n g e d so that it will n o t pass t h r o u g h the
s a m e space m o r e t h a n once.
7-1.3 Installation R e q u i r e m e n t s . Fire detection, alarm, a n d
c o m m u n i c a t i o n .s.~..~s shall be installed in a c c o r d a n c e with
SOLAS Chapte~}~:!-2, R'~gulation 13.2.
..:-:<o:-:.:-:-:-.
7-1.4 D e s i ~ i i ~ m e n ts.
7-1.4.t~teetd:Ni~ and ¢ommuni~tion syste~ sh~
mee~!~si.gfi":~"equireme'~i~i'f SOl_AS C h a p t e r 1I-2, Regulation 13.3.
~'£":~i~i~. F~i-~eteetor, alarm, a n d c o m m u n i c a t i o n e q u i p m e n t a n d
d e v i ' ~ i i ~ l [ " ~ e listed for m a r i n e use.
::i:;"
. . . . . amoKe
. . . .v e .t e c. n o. n . aystems,
. . . wnere
sample
• 1~
extraction s m o k e detection sy~' - t e m s shMI
•
be
"{!i:.desigfled a n d installed in accordance wldl SOLAS II-2, Re~a~ ation
t ' : '*:"~
:'~
*:o -'-I :. . . . :~" *~-~~'r ~
detectlnn an'd alarm system ~hall be m a i n t a i n e d a n d tested in
accordance with t h e r e q u i r e m e n t s of C h a p t e r 7 of NFPA 72,
National Fire Alarm Cod~
7-2 Fire Protection Systems a n d Equipment.
7-2.1 General. C o m p o n e n t a n d m a c h i n e r y installed in fire
protection systems are to be d e s i g n e d s u c h as to e n s u r e p r o p e r
operations in a m a r i n e e n v i r o n m e n t aboard a vessel u n d e r
inclination conditions cited in A m e r i c a n Bureau of Shipping, Rules
for Building and Classing Steel Vessels, Part 4, Section 1 Table 4 / t . 1 .
7-2.2 F o a m a n d Water Systems. T h e f o a m d e l u g e systems shall be
designed a n d installed in a c c o r d a n c e wida NFPA 16, Standard for
the Installation of Deluge Foam-Water Sprinkler and Foam-Water Spray
~stems; NFPA 11, Standard for Low Expansion Foam Systems; a n d
NFPA l l A , Standard for Medium- and High-Expansion Foam S~stems.
7-2.3 P r e ~ u r e Tanks. Pressure tank(s) that s u p p o r t sprinkler
systems shall be d e s i g n e d a n d installed in a c c o r d a n c e wida NFPA
22, Standard for Water Tanks for Private Fire Protection, a n d NFPA 15,
Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems.
7-2.4 Space Drainage and Dewatering. Spaces protected by water-
based e x t i n g u i s h i n g systems shall be d e s i g n e d to r e m o v e water
from t h o s e spaces at a rate no less t h a n tile m a x i m u m possible rate
of water a d m i t t a n c e from the e x t i n g u i s h i n g system servicing such
spaces.

7-2.5 Inspection, Testing, a n d Maintenance. All water-based

systems r e q u i r e d by dais code shall be inspected, tested, a n d
m a i n t a i n e d in accordance wida NFPA 25, Standard for the Inspection,
Testing, and Maintenance of Water-Based Fire Protection S~stems.
7-2.6 Automatic Sprinklers. W h e r e r e q u i r e d , a u t o m a t i c sprinkler
systems shall be installed in a c c o r d a n c e with NFPA 13, Standard for
the Installation of Sprinkler Systems.
133
 ~ A 301 i
7-2.7 Water Mist Systems. Water mist systems shall be in
accordance with NFPA 750, Standard on Water Mist Fire Protection
Systems.
7-2.8 Low Expansion Foam Systems. Low expansion foam systems
shall be in accordance with NFPA 11, Standard for Low Expansion
Foam.
7-2.9 Carbon Dioxide Extinguishing Systems. Carbon dioxide
extinguishing systems shall be in accordance with NFPA 12,
Standard for Carbon Dioxide Extinguishing Systems.
7-2.10 Clean Agent Systems. Clean agent systems shall be in
accordance witil NFPA 2001, Stamtard on Clean Agent Fire
Extinguishing Systems.
7-2.11 Halon Systems. No new Halon extinguishing systems shall
be installed.
7-2.12 Inert Gas.Systems. On vessels having cargo ranks where an
inert gas system ~s required, tile inert gas system shall be installed
in accordance with SOL/US II-2, Regulation 62.
7-2.13 Dry and Wet Chemical Extinguishing Systems. Dry and wet
chemical systems shall be in accordance with NFPA 17, Standard
for Dry Chemical Extinguishing Systems, and NFPA 17A, Standard for
Wet Chemical Extinguishing Systems, respectively.
7-2.14 Portable Fire Extinguishers. Portable fire extinguishers
shall be designed for marine use and maintained in accordance
with NFPA 10, Standard for Portable Fire Extinguishers.
7-2.15 Fire Main, Fire Pumps, Hydrants, and Hose.
7-2.15.1 General. Each vessel shall have an installed fire main,
pumps, hydrants, hose, hose accessories and nozzles ,and shall be
capable of delivering an adequate supply of water to all portions of
the vessel for tile purpose of fighting fires in accordance with
SOLAS II-2 Regulation 4.
Exception No. 1: As provided by Chapters 8 through 19.
Exception No. 2: Fog applicators shall not be required at fire ~ : . : i :
when fire hose located at such fire stations are outfitted witk!!i~ariabl~.:~"
and Tip).
Exception No. 3: Reference to American Bureau ~ * . . ~ , R u N ~ : . . . . . . : . : :
Building and Classing Steel Vessels, Part 4, Se~-~n 9.5 ~ 1 ~ 9. ~.:.:::"
lieu of SOLAS II-2, Regulation 4 shall be ac~able when i~'~nin~'~ a
vessel's fire main, fire pump, hydrant, and:!~tib~ ~;~:~
tirement .':~i!i~i
•::::::::::::..
7-2.15.2 ~re-MaiuPre~ur~. The fire-main p ~ . . e
sufficient to support the operations of such nozzl~'~i!.~a#::"
recommended by tile manufacturer of the f i r e - h o~;:~-
s~zzles.
7-2.15.3 Fuel Requirements for Emergency Fire Pumps. Any
diesel-driven power source for the pump shall be capable of being
readily started in its cold condition down to a temperature of 0°C
(32°F) by manual cranking. If lower temperatures are likely to be
encountered, heating arrangements shall be provided so dlat ready
starting will be assured. These means shall enable the diesel-driven
power source to be started at least six times witltin a period of 30
minutes and at least twice within the first 10 minutes. The pump
controller shall be listed.
7-2.15.4 Required Fuel Reserves for Fire Pumps. Any service filel
tank shall contain sufficient filel to enable the pump to run on full
load for at least three hours and sufficient reserves of fuel shall be
available outside the main machinery space to enable the pump to
be run on full load for an additional 15 hours.
7-2.15.5 Location of Fire Pump. Tile space containing tile fire
pump shall be insulated to a standard of structural fire protection
equivalent to that required for a control station in Chapter 6. No
direct access shall be permitted between the machinery space and
the space containing file emergency fire pump and its source of
power.
Exception: A r~note-aperated, water-tight door shall be permitted.
Remote operation shall be from the bridge, engineering control station,
and fire control station, if any.
A98 R O C ( R e p u t e d f r o m F97 R O P )
7-2.15.6 Ventilation Requirements. Ventilation arrangements to
the space containing the independent source of power for the
emergency fire pump shall be such as to preclude, as far as
practicable, tile possibility of smoke from a machinery-space fire
entering or being drawn into that space.
7-2.15.7" Fire Water Supply. In machinery spaces that are
periodically unattended or when only one person is required on
duty, there shall be immediate water delivery from file fire-main
system at tile required pressure.
7-2.15.8 International Shore Connection. International shore
connections shall be designed and installed in accordance with
SOLAS II-2, Regulation 19.
7-2.15.9 Fire Hose. Fire hose shall be in accordance with
Underwriters Laboratories Standard for Safety number 19.
7-3 Firefighter Protective Clothing, SCBA Equipment, and Fire
Control Plans.
7-3.1 Firefighter Protective Clothing. Personal firefigbting
protection equipment shall include protective clothing and light
and serf-contained breatifing apparatus. All firefighter protective
clothing shall consist of turnout gear, helmet, gloves, boots, and
hood. Such equipment shall be located in vessel areas that allow
for ready firefighte.r:i::accessand easy donning.
..~:.::::.'.%:.
7-3.1.1 T u r n o ~ e ~ ' : : ~ l comply with NFPA 1971, Standard on
Protective E n s a ~ ! ~ o r Structural Fire Fighting.
7-3.1.2 . . ~ . ~ t S s'~jli~Qmply with NFPA 1971, Standard on
Protec¢i.~!~'~ble foF::~ct...~al Fire Fighting.
7~¢-~i~s ~ t s shall c o ~ with NFPA 1971, Standard on Protective
7.3.12iii comply with NFPA 1971, Standard on Protective
Ensembl~
~/~...IJ~ds sltaU comply witi1 NFPA 1971, Standard on Protective
~ r Structural Fire Fighting.
'7-3.1.~"'Self-Contained" Breathing Apparatus (SCBA). SCBA units
spare cylinder shall comply with NFPA 1981, Standard on Open-
i~,'ircuit Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus for Fire Fighters, be
~." ~:" NIOSH certified for an open circuit pressure demand type, have a
full facepiece, and be rated for a minimum of 30 minutes.
7-3.1.6.1 A spare SCBA cylinder is required for each SCBA unit
,and all SCBA cylinders shall be interchangeable. All SCBA units
i~-:,.:~
outfitted aboard a vessel are to be of like kind (make, model, and
manufacturer).
sh..ar3be
7-3.1.6.2 All SCBA units and cylinders shall be maintained
operational in accordance with the manufacturer's
recommendations, and maintenance records shall be maintained
aboard the vessel.
7-3.1.6.3 Tile required number of SCBA units to be carried for
firefighting purposes shall be in accordance with Chapters 8
through 19.
7-3.1.6.4 Storage of tile SCBA units shall allow for ready donning
by the firefighter. All SCBA units shall be protected from the
weather when not in use.
7-3.1.7 Electric safety lamp shall comply with NFPA 70, National
Electrical Code, Article 501, Class I, Division 1, Group C and D.
7-3.2 SCBA Recharging Systems. Where required by Chapters 8
through 19, an installed SCBA recharging system shall comply wifll
tile requirements in tiffs section.
7-3.2.1" Type of SCBA Recharge or Refill Systems. SCBA air refill
systems shall be permitted to consist of any combination of the
following to achieve tile required air refill capacity:
134
 N F P A 301 I A98 R O C (Reprinted f r o m F97 R O P )
• Air Compressor wida air purification and refill station system
• Fixed air reservoirs (single or manifold storage bottles in
cascade arrangement)
• Additional filled spare SCBA cylinders fitted wid~ integral
pressure gages/fill indicator
SCBA recharge systems shall be permitted to be used for oflaer
vessel requirements such as scuba cylinder recharging provided
sufficient safeguards ,'u-e in place, quMity of air to fill d~e SCBA is
not degraded, and the system continues to meet fine m i n i m u m
SCBA recharge requirements of dtis secdon at all times.
7-3.2.1.1 SCBA Recharge Compressors. Oil or oil-less compressor
systems shall be acceptable. Recharge compressors shall have air
purification systems installed to meet d~e air quality standard cited
in this section. SCBAs being charged shall be contained in air
refill stations to protect tile operator from SCBA explosion.
Connecting air tubing shall comply wida 46 CFR Part 56.
Compressors shall ha~e over-pressurization safety valve(s) installed,
and daey sball not be capable of being isolated. Audible and visnal
alarms shall be installed to indicate unacceptable air output.
Operating and safety instructions and systems schematic shall be
permanently m o u n t e d on or near dae compressor unit in plain view
of the operator to address compressor, purification, and refill
operations.
7-3.2.1.2 Fixed Air Reservoirs (Storage Bottles) Requirement.
Storage cylinders shall comply wid~ 49 CFR 173.34. Connecting
tubing shall comply with 46 CFR Part 56. Cylinders shall be
m o u n t e d vertically and shall be secured to dae structure of the
vessel. Cylinder bottoms shall not sit directly on steel decking.
Cylinders shall be arranged to allow facilitate inspection, testing,
and maintenance of die cylinders and tubing.
7-3.2.2 SCBA Recharge System Capacity. The m i n i m u m capacity
of dae recharge system shall be sized to support tide following:
(a) The largest anticipated fire team considered necessary for dae
worst case machinery space fire re-entry scenario.
(b) A recharge or a spare cylinder availability rate for a
m i n i m u m of three consecutive fire team entries.
7-3.2.3 Air Quality of SCBA Recharge System Air. All ~ : ~ e d
air used to refill SCBA cylinders and contained in S C ~ ! : ' c y l i n c l ~
shall comply
. . widl
. . die . requirements
. of tile C o m p r e s-:::s # ~" ~ .
Association, Commodtb] Specifieatwnsfor Air, G-7.1 for Gr',i:~.".'~-~.-jf~5 "::?~;~:::~i? 7-4.2.6 Where ductlng penetrates a B-Class d m s l o n a B-Class fire
p p m water vapor mr. .........
..::!~:']"~:~::.. "::~i~i~."-;,,:,
7-3.2.4 Location o f Recharge Facilities. Re...e.:l{:~ge~i~][.l)ent':~'i~"
be located where fl~ey will not be cut off f g ~ access iti~:~l$~eve.#.'~"of
a fire or beavy smoke. Recharge facilitic~:"~i:..be p r o t e ~ l from
tile effects of w earlier and mechanical damag:~i::.'.:ii.,
•::i:i:i!!:i::.. i i
.i~:: i ~
7-3.2.5 Emergency Power. Electrically driven ai;:~.i~..f#essors shall
bave an automatic means for receiving power from ~ emergency
bus. ~"
7-3.2.6 Compression Air Supply Source. Air compressors shall be
fitted widl air inlets that take suction from weafller and have
minimal chance of ingesting smoke, exhaust air from exhaust vents,
diesel exhaust, foul air or oilier source of noxious snbstances.
7-3.2.7 Testing, Inspection, and Maintenance. Air recharge
systems and e q u i p m e n t shall be inspected, tested, and maintained
in accordance with mamffacturer's recommendations.
7-3.2.8 Availability of SCBA Refill Systems. The SCBA refill
systems shall be ready for immediate use at all times while at sea
and in port.
Exception. When the v,x~sd is in a major overhaul or d~doch status.
7-3.3 Fire Control Plans. All vessels shall be provided with fire
control plans that comply with ASTM F1626, ,Standard Practice for
Preparing Shipboard File Control Plans and m o u n t e d in accordance
with SOLAS II-2, Part A, Regulation 20.
7-4* Ventilation.
7-4.1" General. Vessel ventilation systems are used to supply fresh
or conditioned air to vessel spaces, and exhaust heated and
contaminated ,air from fllose or odler spaces• Ventilation systems
are also installed to prevent file buildup o f explosive or noxious
vapors. D e p e n d i n g on the space requirements, ventilation ,air shall
be pernfitted to be supplied and exhausted by natural drafL
mechanical memas, or a combination of boda. Because d~e
ductwork for a ventilation system is c o m m o n to many spaces, it can
cause the spread of flame or smoke if not properly designed, and
shall dlerefore be evaluated as a c o m p o n e n t of tile vessel's
structural fire protection system.
7-4.2 Ducting Design.
7-4.2.1 Ventilation ducting shall be constructed o f noncombustible
materials and shall not degrade dae integrity o f die A- or B-Class
bulkheads and decks d~at dae ducting may penetrate.
Excz~tion. Duct sections shall be permitted to be constructed of
combustible material only i f the followlng criteria are inca-
(a) The duct is less than 2.0 m (6.56fl) long.
(b) The duct is less than or equal to 0.02 m z (0.215fl 2) in cross
sectional area.
(c) The duct is constructed of material with a flame-spread rating not to
exceed 20 and a smoke development not to exceed 10 when tested in
accordance with A S T M E84, Standard Test Method for Surface Burning
Characteristics of Building Materials.
(d) The duct is used.only at the end of a ventilation device,
.~:.::.::~:.:$:.:..
(e) The duct i s ~ . least 600 mm (1.97 fl) from an opening in an
A - o r B-Class ~ .
7-4.2.2 ...~..]!~..e s t e e ~ i ~ t i n g penetrates A- or B-Class divisions, tide
duct s~t~.t...I'~r be ff~:d.,,Or flanged to d~e division or run
tar.oswald a tacit f i t t i n ~ welded or flanged to a~e division.
?:~!]~i~.. V~':.d. ucting and fans serving stairway enclosures shall
s e r v&"-'~.::'~'i]~~]~ spaces.
-.::.:::.::-...-.:.
.-;':-~!~::
.... 7-4.2.4 I:~i~,..~iatilation systems, manually operated dampers shall
"~i~%:~.e provide~-~/~i" accessible locations for sbutting off file passage of
":".~"~:~ii~:f.b.e...~'~nt of fire. The means for manual d a m p e r control
"~i:~. ,~'ll::~iifi~cated outside dae spaces served by die ventilation system.
.~...:.-...::~::.;, :~.-.,-.'.~i:: ~-."
::':.::ii,7-4.2.5Where d u c d n g penetrates an A-Class division, an automatic
"%..~.:.~ass fire d a m p e r complying wid~ 7-4.3 shall be installed.
~(-.--.--.-,~, ¢. J~!~Y"
. :~:¢'-'-~.~::::::~.-:.,.. % ~:-" • . . .
"%."~i~::.. """ d a m p e r complying wldi 7-4.~ shall be r e q m r e d to be installed m
accordance on fide following provisions:
Duct Diameter Required Penetration
(or equivalent area) ~ Equipment
' : . . u .
<t~z mm t~n In.) . . . . . . . . . . ! u
~none
152 m m 305 m m Spool p~ece
(6 in - 1 2 in )
>305 mm (>12 in.) Automatic fire d a m p e r
Exception." I f the duct is constructed of 8. O-mm (22-USSG) steel
(minimum) and passes through the space without opening into that
space, dampers are not required.
7-4.3 Damper Design. Where required, fire dampers shall comply
wit1 die requirements of fills section•
Exception: Fire dampers listed for a one and one-half hour fire
endurance that are capable of manual operation and fitted adjacent to the
bulkhead shall be permitted.
7-4.3.1" T h e d a m p e r a n d the portion of tide duct containing die
d,'mlper shall be constructed of at least 3.0-mm (ll-USSG) steel (in
A-Class bulkhead penetration) or 1.6-ram (16-USSG) steel (in B-
Class bulkhead penetration). A maximum 3.0-mm (0.125-in.) gap
between file blade and casing shall be permitted. All springs,
hinges, and taller d a m p e r c o m p o n e n t s shall be constructed of
stainless or suitably protected steel to prevent corrosion. No
insulation shall be necessary on tile d a m p e r blade. The d a m p e r
shall be made readily accessible for periodic inspection by means
of a hinged or bolted plate in file duct. All dampers shall be
capable of manual operation•
7-4.3.2* Where automatic fire dampers ,are required, they shall be
provided wifll a fusible link assembly rated at approximately 74°C
(165°F). In higb ambient heat areas, such as file exhaust duct
leading from fl~e galley, automatic d a m p e r s shall be provided wifll
135
 N F P A 301 i
a fusible link assembly rated at approximately 100°C (212°F). The
dampers shall be designed to close against die anticipated draft in
die duct. O t h e r types of automatic dampers shall be permitted to
be used, if approved.
7-4.3.3 Automatic fire d a m p e r s shall be fitted adjacent to the
bulkhead. The d a m p e r shall be fitted on at least one side of die
bnlkhead with a visible indicator showing whether the d a m p e r is
in the open or closed position. Tile local-damper indicator shall
be capable of always showing d~e actual position of the d,'unper
and shall be marked so as to readily indicate d~e d a m p e r position.
The danlper shall be capable of being manually closed from both
sides of the bulkhead.
7-4.4 Duct Heating Units. Where installed, duct heaters shall be
provided ~qdl a thermal overheat-protection s:ffety device and
interlocked with the fret to prevent the heater from operating when
the fan is not operating. The heater shall be designed to limit the
surface temperature of the heating e l e m e n t to a maximum of 232°C
(450°F). Electric radiators shall be constructed and installed in
accordance with SOLAS II-2, Regulation 18.3 and Section 7-6
herein. Portable a n d / o r bulkhead m o u n t e d convection space
heaters shall be listed. Space heaters shall not be used in spaces
having the potential for containing flammable vapors or located
near coml)ustible materials.
Exception: Interlocks shall not be required on water and steam duct
heaters.
7-4.5 Ventilation Control.
7-4.5.1 Spaces serviced by a power ventilation system shall be
provided with remote means for stopping the ventilation system
servicing d~at space in case o f a fire. The r e m o t e means shall be
permitted to be located immediately outside fl~e space, at the fire
control station, a n d / o r on die bridge.
7-4.5.2 Powered ventilation systems serving spaces protected by
fixed gas fire-extinguishing systems shaU be capable of bein~
secured prior to the discharge of the extinguishing agent. The
shutdown of the ventilation system and means to close all vents
shall be interlocked with and accomplished automatically by fl~e
operation of the fixed gas fire-extingafisbing system release ....:.:::::::::
mechanism. Sufficient time for ventilation system rnndq~::"~'~i!i:
be ,allowed before actual release of the agent or make-l,~
extingnlsiiing agent shall be desigt~ed into tile systen~...."!i:~iii!~;~::, 5iiii:':-::!:::.. "% ::i~'1.2.1 Subclassificatinn o f Accommodation Occupancies.
7-4.5.3 Provisions to secure ventilation to die pr.o...t..e...c.teds [ J ' ~ { r o m ,x:..::::, no greater than 50 k g / m 2 (10 Ib/ft 2 ) and shall be subclassified as
outside that space shall be provided for space~-~ii~.,.atur~i::i!i~::i~:. ,.:.,..:.
ventilation a n d protected by a fixed g ~ fire.=~tingnis|:i~::~yste/~i.i::~::iiii::
.::i.::-::ii::ii::..
7-4.5.4 Requirements for activation of v t { ~ | ~ 9 . n system~ii~ ""
s m o k e p r o o f enclosures shall be in accordan~%:~ih 5-2.3..~0.
":';.:.:.~!~:... .:.:.:~.~
7-4.5.5 Electrical e q u i p m e n t subject to arciug sh~[-"?:~i:~ntilated or
placed in ventilated compartments where flarmnabi~:::~ases, acidic
fi~mes, or oil vapors cannot accumulate. For guid~ace on
electrical requirements refer to Section 7-6.
7-4.6 Ventilation Through Doors and Bulkheads. Vent grilles or
louvers shall not be used in doors penetrating A-Class bulkheads,
aldiough such doors shall be permitted to be u n d e r c u t not to
exceed 13 m m (0.5 in.) above die door sill or top of approved deck
covering. Doors in B- or lesser-Class bulkheads shall be permitted
to cont~fin vent grills or louvers widl a net area not to exceed 0.2 m ~
(2 ft~) in file lower half of the door and shall be permitted to be
u n d e r c u t not to exceed 25 m m (1 in.) above the door sill or top of
deck covering.
7-4.7 Ventilation for Spaces Containing High-Risk Fuels. An
i n d e p e n d e n t exhaust system, employing a nonsparking, centrifugal
fan, shall be provided to exhaust these spaces. The exhanst shall
discharge directly to die weadler. The nonsparking fan shall be
located outside of tile space serviced and at least 3 m (10 ft) from
tile discharge end of die exhaust duct. Where this dishance
r e q u i r e m e n t cannot be met, the nonsparking fan shall be equipped
with an explosion-proof motor.
A98 R O C (Reprinted from F97 ROP)
Exception: Cargo spaces and fuel tanks.
7-4.8* Smoke-Control Ventilation. A smoke-control system shall
confine smoke to dae general area of fire origin, maintain use of
the means of egress systems, and provide for file removal of smoke
and heat by means of a fixed system or systems.
7-4.9 Plans, Marking, and Documentation. Ventilation equipment
d e e m e d necessary to operate in an emergency are to be shown on
the fire-control plan per 7-3.2(f). E q u i p m e n t data and major
details regarding ventilation e q u i p m e n t requiring periodic
inspection are to be maintained in file a sltip's log ,along with a
deficiency record. All dampers shall be marked to indicate dleir
open and closed positions.
7-5 Elevators, Escalators, Dumbwaiters, and Other Transfer
Devices. Vessel elevators a n d other vertical lift devices shall be
designed in accordance widl ASME A17.1, Safety Code for Elevators
and Escalators. Testing and inspection procedures for shipboard
elevators shall be in accordance widi ASME A17.2, Inspectors'
Manual for Elevators and Escalators.
7-6* General Requirements for Electrical Equ!pment. Design,
installation, and maintenance of electrical e q m p m e n t and wiring
shall be in accordance with 46 CFR Subchapter J (Electrical
Engineering) and IEEE Standard 45, Recommended Practice for
Electric Installations..,o.n Shipboard.
.~:.:::'.%-.:::.:.
7-7 Fixed E l e c t ~ : ' ~ H e ~ n g Equipment for Pipelines, Vessels,
Deicing, and~:.~...:,Mehing. All fixed electric heating equipment
installed o ~ j ~ e r ' i ~ . t vessels for heating pipelines and vessels, as
well as el~c<~X.chea'~5:.¢quipment installed for prevention of ice
forma~.~~.~:"-:-'floors,":~s,..:..doors, or hatches, shall comply with
Artic|~/~ 42~:~:"-:~,27,and ~l~..j~t" NFPA 70, National Electric Code.
. . . . . %i?:i.".::::~:
".':~::':'::%:Chapter 8 A c c o m m o d a t i o n Spaces
............
~!~:...... 8-1 G e n ~ . g q i u i r e m e n t s .
"!iiii.:-%iiiiiii~:i ....... "::.?:ii::U
~i~!."':':::8~][-~i:i::..~...p.p...~l~ation. The requirements of tiffs cbapter apply to all
"".'!i!:. ~ l a t i o n spaces.
.... ::.~:::::.--~:"
'il; 2i?"
:%8-1.2 'Classification o f Occupancy.
":.i~i~: :::i::i~:::::i:..!?.
"~i~i?~:::il.':" "~.i~!i!iii!i!:!~.~A c c o m m o d a t m n spaces shall be hmtted to combusuble fuel loads
follows:
":¥i!!~- ..::'..'.:!::: (a) High risk contains a fl, el load greater allan 15 k g / m ~ (3
Ib/ft 2 ) and less dlan or equal to 50 k g / m 2 (10 Ib/ft ).
(b) Medium risk contains a fuel load greater than 5 k g / m z (l
Ib/ft 2 ) and less dlan or equal to 15 k g / m 2 (3 Ib/ft 2 ).
(c) Low risk contains a fuel load less than or equal to 5 k g / m ~ (1
[b/ft').
8-1.2.2 Sprinklered accommodation spaces shall be considered
low risk.
8-1.3 Minimum Constructlon/Separation Requirements. (See
6-2.1) A c c o m m o d a t i o n spaces shall be separated from adjoining
spaces by bulkheads and decks that are constructed in accordance
widl Table 8-1.?,.
136
 N F P A 301 i A98 R O C (Reprinted from F97 ROP)

Table 8-1.3
Separation Requirements Separation Requirements Separation Requirements
for High-Risk for Medium-Risk for Low-Risk and Sprlnldered
Adioinlnl~ Occupancies Accommodation Areas Accommodation Areas Accommodation Areas
High-risk
accommodation B-15* B-15 B-15
Medium-risk
accommodation B-15 B-0 B-0
Low-risk and sprinkh:red
accommodation B-15 B-0 C'
Medical, health care, and cltild care B-15 B-15 B-0
Service hi~gh-risk A-60 A-0 A-0
Service low-risk A-0 B-15 B-0
Electrical and control A-60 A-0 B-0
Low-risk engineerin~ and machinery A-0 A-0 B-0
Medium-risk engineering and machinery A-60 A-60 A-0
High-risk engineering and machinery A-60 A-60 A-60
Storage high-risk A-60 A-60 A-0
Storage low-risk B-15 B-0 C
(Largo A-60 A-0 A-0
O p e n deck B-0 B-0 C
Helicopter platform A-60 A-60 A-60
8-2.3 Means o f Egress Arrangement.
8-1.3.1 Where an accommodation occupancy adjoins multiple
occupancies along a single barrier (bulkhead or deck), d~at b ~ r i e r 8-2.3.1 At least # ~ a r a t e exit accesses shall be provided. Each
shall be constructed, in total, to meet the most stringent separation exit access shal~:.-.'~er e ~ t e l y located from d~e od~er as required by
requirements as delineated in Table 8-1.3. Section 5-5. ,.:.:-:~J~.b:..,

8-1.4 Occupant Load. Exc eptio~.:~::..,.::~::.:."~i'!~/n.:::.gl:,e:':::"::"%..~ceess~!~

.... shall be p ermitted riot the fiollowin g:"
•::.-':~:::.:::::::::~?~:.
~ "::iii~ii--::...::~
8-1.4.1" Occupant Load Factors. Tbe occupant load permitted in (~#"~t~oo~, o, '%~::"
any accommodation space shall be d e t e r m i n e d on dae basis of dae
following occupant load factors: •~'~!~ii~c5!~.~ with an occupant load less than 20 provided the exit is
directl~ii~ aii~exit access corridor, or
(a) Fixed seating criterion: Design capacity. "':i-:i.'-.-:!i!i!!::..
~.:iiiii:::..... (c) pub'l~::~.l.e~;'areas (shops) where the exit opens directly to an exit
(b) Public spaces wlr.hout fixed seating: One person for each 1 :~:?'Y'?'.%!i!~:La(..,~ess corrlar~i::~'ora mall area (if it is considered a tJedestrian way),
m 2 ( 1 0 f t )2 of gross de_k
C
a r e a a n d 0.65 m 2 ( 7 f t )2 of n e t deck area. %. ~.~....t..tl#/'common
:::'::- "~::~:":::':':~:'~- ~::
path of travel does not exceed 30
--
m (98.4 fl) o r i-f
The occupant load of any open mezzanine or balcony shall be :-'~. .~"""i~t~i:~ihroughout by an automatic sprinkler system in accordance with
a d d e d to dae deck below for the purpose of determining egi.t~i.:'.'~i~::::.. :~i::.:rY-2.2.g'.: ~'+:'
capacity. ~#'P:"":%i!ii "%
....#~ ]::ii~" ~".i~.8.~:~.3.2 All accommodation spaces wida an occupant load greater
(c) Staterooms and office areas: Design capacity......:~.:':::%?:iiii ~...... ~i?:"-~:.-::.. % ~iflian 500 shall be provided wid~ at least d t r e e separate means of
"%i~i::~::#:" "::~i~i~::i~iii~i.'.:.~egress. .:': Public spaces wida an occupancy greater daan 1000 shall
(d) Public sales (shops) areas: O n e person p...e..r.:...e.~.ch3 ~iii.~:.3.2 ":"*: have at least four separate means of egress.
ft ~) of gross deck area. ....:!#:~:::::::i'~iiiiiiiii~i!.::, x%ii!!~!::...:.:.,.-~:-
":':" "~":':':"':':" ":':':':':':':" 8-2.3.3 Mezzanines having an occupant load not greater than 30
(e) Bleachers, pews, and od~er bench-t~iiaieating: O ~ i ~ i p e r ~ " shall be permitted to be served by a single means of egress and
per 45 linear cm (18 in.). such means of egress shall be permitted to lead to tile deck below.

(f) For a space witla mixed occupant load fac:~::t.hat.:(~:~ntain 8-2.3.4 Mezzanines having an occupant load greater tllan 30, but
flexible arrangements, the arrangement that w o u l ~ : : ~ t h e highest not more than 60, shall have at least two remote means of egress,
occupancy load, shall apply. <:y" ~" but both such means of egress shall be permitted to lead to the
deck below.
8-1.4.2 Occupant load shall be permitted to be increased above
that permitted by 8-1.4.1 if the necessary aisles and exits are 8-2.3.5 Mezzanines having an occupant load greater than 60 shall
provided. To increase d~e occupancy load, a diagram indicating have means of egress provided as for a separate deck.
placement of equipment, aisles, exits, a n d seating shall be provided
to, and approved by, the audmrity having jurisdiction prior to any 8-2.4 Travel DLstance to Exits. Exits sball be arranged so flint file
increase in occupancy load. In areas not greater t h a n 7 5 0 m (.8073 total lengtll of travel from any point to reach an exit shall not
£
) tlae occupant load shall not exceed 1 person in each 0.5 m z (5.5 exceed 30 m (98.4 ft).
~.2 ). In areas greater than 7a0
~
m 2 (8073 ft"2) die occupant load shall
not exceed 1 person in 0.65 m 2 ( 7 ft2). Exception: In sprinklered occupancies, travel distance to an exit shall
not exceed 45 m (14 Z 6 f l ).
8-2 Means o f Egress Requirements.
8-2.5 Emergency Lighting. Emergency lighting shall be provided in
8-2.1 General. All means of egress shall be in accordance with accordance widl Section 5-9.
Chapter 5 and tiffs section.
8-2.6 Marking o f Means o f Egress. Means of egress shall have signs
8-2.2 Means o f E g r e ~ Components. in accordance with Section 5-10.
8-2.2.1 General. C o m p o n e n t s of means of egress shall be limited 8-3 Protection.
to the types described in 8-2.2.2 d/rough 8-2.2.9.
8-3.1 Protection of Miscellaneous Openings in Fire Barriers. All
8-2.2.2 Doors. Doors shall comply wida 5-2.1. penetrations shall be protected in accordance wida 6-2.3.7.
Penetrations dlrough fire barriers of corridors for die purposes of
8-2.2.3 Ramps. Ramps shall cmnply witll 5-2.5. balancing air flow for die HVAC systems shall be permitted,
provided dley meet the requirements for tlae Exception to 6-2.3.6.
Exception: Ramps serving onl3 stages or nonpublic areas and ramped
aisles shall be permitted to have a stope not steeper than 1 in 8. Exception No. 1: Ducting installed in connection with air handling
systems that service accommodation occupancies and that utilize
passageways as part of their "return air" system shall not be required to
137
 N F P A 301 ~ A98 R O C (Reprinted f r o m F97 R O P )

meet the fire resistance rating of the connecting barrier if it meets the Table 9-1.3 Medical, Health Care, and Child Care
following requirements: Separation
Space Requirement
(a) The duct peenetration of the barrier shall be installed low, such that High-risk a c c o m m o d a t i o n B-15
no portion of the ductaJort¢ is higher than 50 cm (I 9. 7 in.) above the deck Medium-risk a c c o m m o d a t i o n B-15
(b) The cross-sectional area of the penetration does not exceed 0.05 m e Low-risk and sprink[ered a c c o m m o d a t i o n B-0
(o.54 fl ~) Medical, h e a h h care, and child care B-0
Service A-60
(c) The duct does not provide a direct connection between the ElectricM and control spaces A-0
originating compartment and the passageway; i.e., the duct terminates in Low-risk en~{ineerin~{ ,and machinery A-0
a utili~ space adjoining both the passageway and originating Medium-risk enbfineerin ~ and machiner~ A-60
compartment High-risk engineerin~ and machinery A-60
Stora~ge A-60
(d) The duct is permitted by Chapters 8 through 19 Car~o spaces and bunker fltel hanks A-60
Exception No. 2: Vertical ventilation ducts which service cargo or main Onen deck A-0
machinery spaces which pass through acc~ommodations or safeO areas Helicopter platform A-60
shall be insulated to the applicable division requirements for 1.8 m (6 d ) Voids, cofferdams, ballast tanks, a n d double
beyond the division. bottoms A-0

8-3.2 Interior Finish. Interior finish shall comply with Section 6-3. 9-2 Means of Egress Requirements.

8-3.3 Detection, Alarm, and Communication Systems. 9-2.1 General. Every aisle, passageway, corridor, exit discharge,
exit location, and access shall be m accordance with Chapter 5.
8-3.3.1 All accommod~ttion spaces slmll be provided with a manual
alarm system in accordance with Section 7-1. 9-2.2 Means of Components.

8-3.3.2 All overnight accommodation spaces shall be p r o v i d e d with 9-2.2.1 Compo.j ~means o f egress shall be limited to the
a smoke detection system in accordance with Section 7-1 that types d esc ri b.::~.~:! 1.2 through 9-2.2.8.
additionally provides an audible alarm at the actuated device.
9-22.2. ~ g with 5-2.1 shall be permitted.
.~?.?::.::~::::
8-3.3.3 Smoke detectors shall be installed in all stairways,
corridors, and means of egress within accommodation spaces. ~"permitted on patient-sleeping area
Consideration shall be given to the installation of special purpose
smoke detectors within ventilation ducting.
Exc~t~i:.:No~"l: Key locking devices that restrict access to the berth from
8-3.3.4 Occupant notification shall be by means of voice the paJ~"".~...ay~...., and that are operable only by staff from the corridor side
a n n o u n c e m e n t s , initiated by a person in a central control station. shall be/~'~..~.2 Such devices shall not restrict egress from the berth.
:.'...:~.. !F
:"~:.2 ~ors
. ~ o r s not in a required means of egress shall be
Chapter 9 Medical, Health Care, and Child Care Spaces . ~ i + ~ { ~ ; ' t o be subject to locking.
.-'-- .#
9-1 General Requirements. This chapter covers the rc 9-2.2.2.$ Doors widfin a required means of egress shall not be
for medical, healdl care, and child care spaces. Medi! ~ . ~ i p p e d with a latch or lock that requires the use of a tool or key
care, and child care spaces are dlose used for treatr~..g;/ i.~'~?omfile egress side.
persons suffering from physical incapacitation or of'/zh
9-2.2.2.4 Horizontal sliding doors, as peimitted by 5-2.1.10, that
9-1.1 Application. Medical, health care, and are n o t automatic-closing shall be limited to a single leaf and shall
shall comply with this chapter. .,::-.J have a latch or other mech,'mism that will ensure that doors ~ l l
not r e b o u n d into a partially open position if forcefully d o s e d in an
9-1.2 Definitions. emergency.

Hospital. A vessel or part of a vessel used on ~": 9-2.2.2.5 T h e m i n i m u m clear width for doors leading from
the medical, obstetrical, or surgical care of four sleeping areas; diagnostic and treatment areas, such as X-ray,
inpatients. surg/~h/, or physical therapy; and nursery areas shall be 1 m (3.3 ft).

9-1.3 Minimum Construction/Separation Requirements. (See
6-2.1) Medical, health care, and dfild care spaces shall be
separated from adjoining spaces by bulkheads and decks dmt are
constructed in accordance with Table 9-1.3.
9-1.4 Occupant Load. The occupant load for which means of
egress shall be provided for arty deck shall be the m a x i m u m
n u m b e r of persons intended to occupy that deck but n o t less than
one person for each 11 m (118.4 ft2 ) of gross deck area in health-
care sleeping areas for health care a n d medical care, and 3 m ~
(32.3 ft 2) for child care. Gross deck areas shall be measured within
the exterior vessel bulkheads with no deductions. ( See Chapter 3.)
Exception No. 1: Doors that are located so as not to be subject to use by
any health-care occupant shall be not less than 0.8 m (26 in.) in clear
width.
Exception No. 2: Doors in exit stair enclosures shall be not less than .8
m (26 in.) in clear width.
Exception No. 3: Where a pair of doors is provided, at least one of the
doors shall provide a minimum. 8-m (26-in.) clear width opening, and a
rabbet, bevel, or astragal shall be provided at the meeting edge. The
inactive leaf shall have an automatic flush bolt to provide positive
latching.

9-2.2.3 Level means of egress c o m p o n e n t s shall have a m i n i m u m

0.5 cm (0.2 in.) width per person served.

9-2.3 Egress Capacity. Egress capacity for c o m p o n e n t s of means of

egress shall be b a s e d o n the following:

Level Components
Stairway Width and Ramps Width
(cm per person) (cm per person)
Use [in. per person] [in. per person]
Medical a n d
health care 1.0 [0.4] 0.5 [0.2]

9-2.4 Means of Egress Arrangement.

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 N F P A 301 ~ A98 R O C (Reprinted f r o m F97 R O P )

9-2.4.1 At least two exit accesses of t h e types described in 9-2.2.2,
remotely located f r o m each other, shall be provided.
Exception: A single exit access shall be permitted for medical, health
care, and child care spaces with occupant load not exceeding five
persons.
9-2.4.2 At least o n e exit access from each separate occupancy shall
be o n e of die following:
(a) A door to a n e m b a r k a t i o n area, or an area of refuge, or
(b) A door to a stair, or
9-2.6 Emergency Lighting.
9-2.6.1 E m e r g e n c y lighting shall be provided in accordance with
Section 5-9.
9-2.6.2 Vessels e q u i p p e d with or in which patients require die use
of life-support systems shall have illumination of die required exit
a n d directional signs supplied by die life safety b r a n c h of die
electrical system as described in NFPA 09, Standard for Health Care
Facilities.
Exception: Self-luminous exit signs us permitted by Exception No. 2 to
5-10.3.3.

(c) A d o o r to a s m o k e p r o o f enclosure, or 9-3 Protection.

(d) A d o o r leading to a ramp, or 9-3.1 Interior Finish. Interior finish shall comply with Section 6 3 .

(e) A d o o r to an exit passageway. 9-3.2 Detection, Alarm, and Communication Systems.

Any hospital area no! m e e t i n g dlese r e q u i r e m e n t s shall be 9-$.2.1 Medical, heald~ care, a n d child care spaces shall be
considered part o f an .adjoining occupancy. Egress shall n o t provided with a fire a l a r m system in accordance with Section 7-1.
require return d l r o u g h t h e c o m p a r t m e n t of fire origin•
9-3.2.2 Initiation. Initiation o f die r e q u i r e d fire alarm systems
9-2.4.3 At least two exit accesses of die types described in 9-2.2.2 shall be by m a n u a l m e a n s in a c c o r d a n c e with %1.2 a n d by m e a n s
shall be accessible f r o m each c o m p a r t m e n t . Egress shall be of any r e q u i r e d sprinkler system, water flow alarms, detection
p e r m i t t e d d l r o u g h adjacent c o m p a r m a e n t ( s ) b u t shall n o t require devices, or detectio~ systems.
return d l r o u g h die c o m p a r t m e n t of fire origin. .~,:~::.-.':~,...
Excoptwn: Fire...~rm ~.ll stations mpattent sleeping areas shall not be
9-2.4.4 Every habitable area shall have an exit access d o o r leading
. . . .
required at ex~::..~eated at all nurses' control stations or other
. ~<:.-.- ~::" ~::: , • • •
directly to an exit access c o r n d o r , conm
tuous~;.U
.en~a.t. ~.~:.~ . . . . ~...~.fff location,, provided such pu. ll stattons are.
mstble a ~ "~.~.ttnuo~i'::.accesstble and that travel distances required by
Exception No. 1: I f throe is an exit door opening directly outside the 7-1.2..l..:i~'~¢,exceeddi~ii~:.. ,,~
vessel or to an area of r,~tge. .:.,.:.:.!Y" . "~" t :"~?':
9;.~3 N~...t!fica ion. ~,-':',":"
Exception No. 2: Patient sleeping areas shall be permitted to have an ~i-".:':".:~i.".:~., ..~i~i.(~:'..::..
intervening area i f the intervening area is not used as an exit access for 9-3.~:]:.~'~'c:'~pant N o t i f i c a t i o n . O c c u p a n t notification shall be
more than right patient sleeping areas, accom'~d automatically in a c c o r d a n c e with Section 7-1.
~!~!:-::....... "::~,&
Exczption No. 3: Special nursing suites shall be permitted to have one
• • . .'~.•
::~.i!~!~feption: "~?:t/eu of audible alarm signals, visible alarm-indicating
*~q:.:-:.~..:.~., • •.. . . . .

tntervenlntr
• . o area
. . where
-- the .arran~'ement
o • allows ~for dzrect and constant ~:k "~:~r*c.es
~::, ¢.~all be bermttted to be used In critical care areas.
~.':'~:~:::::::.:..:~"
visual supervision to nursing personnet. ':~ .+:~:;:"""-"::':~:~$.:.'-':"
..::<.:.~:.. "~i!!~.:.:'.:~.~-3.2.~'~'~ E m e r g e n c y Forces Notification. Crew notification shall
Exception No. 4: For areas other than patients' slee~ing a ~ i i ~i~be a c c o m p l i s h e d in a c c o r d a n c e with Section 7-1•
more ad'ac,'nt~j areas sha,ll be permitted to intervene =n ac~or.z:;~ ~'nce wi'.~.~:..::v "i~i-'
:':f'~'.5..::.
.,:.- . . . .
9-2.4.Z x..~':~'.'..'~i~, ~:-...:::::.,. "~..-.::...';~.~=3.2.3.$ Alarm A n n u n c m t m n . A l a r m a n n u n c m t l o n shall be
"~ "q:,'.'i'i!i~:,...'~'" -~ ~-'.:~iii~'.:'.:'i$-::::(~
"provided in accordance with Section 7-1.
9-2.4.5 Any patient sleeping area, or any suite of m g r e d i ~ : : . m ~ "'::':'~'~"
(1000 ft ~) dlat includes patient sleeping a r e a s ~ . . ¢ , at I ' ~ ? : , .,:~. 9-3.2.4 Emergency Control. O p e r a t i o n of a n y activating device in
two exit access doors remotely located from:.....:~ch o~:...-:., "~:~::" t h e required fire alarm system shall be a r r a n g e d to accomplish
•:$%::. %::i".'.-'ii~- . # : : " automatically an~ control functions to be p e r f o r m e d by that device
9-2.4.6 A n y suite of berths dlat complies~;:~t~::i$.l.ae r e q u i r d ' ~ e n t s of in a c c o r d a n c e w~th 7-1.1.4.
9-2.5 shall be p e r m i t t e d to be subdivided wid'tii::~.~.lass p a ~ t i o n s .
"':.?:!-!-&,.:.:.:..:.:, ~.,.:.-:~" 9-3.2.5 Detection. Detection systems, where required, shall be
9-2.4.7 Suites of berd~s, o t h e r dlan patient sleepii~.::i~.~is, shall be installed in a c c o r d a n c e with Section 7-1.
permitted to have o n e intervening ,area, if fl~e travel!.~tgtance within
die a r e a to t h e exit access d o o r is n o t greater dlan ~0 m (100 ft), 9-3.3 E x t i n g u i s h m e n t R e q u i r e m e n t s .
a n d shall be permitted to have two intervening areas where the
travel distance within the area to die exit access d o o r is n o t greater 9-3.3.1 Medical, health care, a n d child care shall be protected
dlan 15 m (50 ft). t h r o u g h o u t by an approved, supervised a u t o m a t i c sprinkler system
installed in accordance with Section 7-2.
9-2.4.8 Every corridor serving medical, h e a l t h care, a n d child care
spaces shall provide access to at least two exits without passing 9-3.3.2 Portable fire extinguishers shall be provided in all health
t h r o u g h any intervening areas or spaces. care o c c u p a n c i e s in accordance with Section 7-2.

9-2.5 Travel Distance to Exits. 9-4 Vessel Services.

9-2.5.1 Travel distance shall be m e a s u r e d in accordance with 9-4.1 Power for alarms, e m e r g e n c y c o m m u n i c a t i o n s systems, a n d
Section 5-6. die iUumination of generator-set locations shall be in accordance
witll die life safety b r a n c h r e q u i r e m e n t s of NFPA 99, Standard for
(a) T h e travel distarace between a n y door required za ,an exit Health Care Facilities.
access ,and an exit shall n o t exceed 45 m (150 ft).
9-4.2 Any health care o c c u p a n c y that normally utilizes life-support
(b) T h e travel distance between any p o i n t in a berth a n d an exit devices shall have electrical systems d e s i g n e d a n d installed in
shall n o t exceed 60 m (200 ft). a c c o r d a n c e with NFPA 99, Standard for Health Care Facilities.

(c) T h e travel dist,ance between ,any point in a health care Excz~ption: This requirement shall not app O to a facility that uses life-
sleeping area a n d a n exit access d o o r in that area shall n o t exceed support equipment for emergency purposes on O.
15 m (50 ft).

(d) T h e travel distance between any p o i n t in a suite of sleeping

berth, as p e r m i t t e d by 9-2.5, a n d an exit access door of dlat suite Chapter 10 Service Areas
shall n o t exceed 30 m (100 ft) ,and shall m e e t die r e q u i r e m e n t s of
(b) above. 10-1 General R e q u i r e m e n t s . This c h a p t e r covers tile r e q u i r e m e n t s
for service areas.
139
 N F P A 301 - - A98 R O C (Reprinted f r o m F97 R O P )

10-1.1 Application. Service spaces shall comply with dais chapter. 10-3.3 Extinguishing Requirements.
10-1.2" Subclagsification of Occupancies. 10-3.3.1 Galley Extinguishing Requirements. An automatic fire
extinguishing system complying widl UL 300, Standard for Safety Fire
High risk - - any space containing heat producing appliances Testing of Fire Extinguishing Systems for Protection of Restaurant
capable of producing temperatures that exceed 120°C (248°F). Cooking Areas, shall b e installed to protect all parts of die range,
cooking appliances, plenum, and ducts. Commercial cooking
10-1.2 Protection Schemes. equipment shall be installed in accordance witil NFPA 96, Standard
for Ventilation Control and Fire Protection of Commercial Cooking
Separation Separation Operations.
Required Required
Low-Risk High-Risk 10-3.3.2 Portable Extinguishers. Portable extinguishers shall be
Service Service installed in accordance with 7-2.10.
High-risk
accommodation A-0 A-60
Medium-risk Chapter 11 Electrical and Control Spaces
accommodation B-15 A-0
Low-risk accommodation A-0
I1-1 General Requirements. This chapter covers d~e requirements
B-O for electrical and control spaces.
Medical, healfll care, and
child care A-0 A-60 11-1.1 Application. Electrical and control spaces shall comply
High-risk service A-0 C with this chapter.
Electrical and control B-O A-0
Engineering and 11-1.2 Special Definitions.
machinery A-O A-0
High-risk engineering and 11-1.3 Protection S.chemes.
machinery A-0 A-60 A!iiii':-,:
::::5"'"'??~i:~.
Hi~h-risk stora~:e A-0 A-0 Separation
Low-risk storage C A-0 ,:.-':~'~i~i!~::. Required
Cargo spaces and bunker High-risk:~!~ ico~q ' ~ a t i o n A-60
fi~el tanks A-0 A-0 M e d i u . ~ i ~ ~:i.ac c o ~i~i~.d ati o n A-0
Open deck C A-0 L0w.di'gk "~:~"6m modat~!ii:: "::::: o B-O
Helicoptel platform A-0 A-0 M..¢~ical~ii~ealth care, ~ child care A-0
Voids, cot !erdams (3 A-0 : i~t[~-'~..J1 S]~i!~..I~/1C e A- 0
EleS~.'."~.'f aft'8 control C'
10-1.3 Occupant Load. Occupant load shall not be required to be E n ~ : i n ~ g and machinery A-0
applied to service spaces. Sufficient egress capacity shall be .~:::'~..:::.. Hi~h-risR::i~ ~ieerin~ and m a c h i n e ~ A-60
provided in accordance widl Section 5-3. ii!~[~Kh-risk ~ rage A-0
10-2 Means of Egress Requirements. ~.1: :I~ t ioI lJria1.].11
ge If
A-0
::'~ar~:~::~paces and bunker fuel tanks A-0
10-2.1 General. AH means of egress shall be in a c c o r d a ~ : : ~ i ~ Ope~" deck A-0
Chapter 5 and this section. ~::iiii'.'." "~iiii[ ---"hh~.icopter p [afform A-60
i:'Votds, cofferdams C
10-2.2 Means of Egress Components, "::::" "::':'iiii~ii!i!~:~!i#~::"::":':iiiiiiii!iiiiii!i~i
Exception No. I: Where redundant controls are provided, separation
10-2.2.1 General. Components of means of e . ~ be':it~$.e.d.,.~ from high-risk engineering and machinery spaces shall be permitted to be
to dm types described it, 10-2.2.2. ..::~!.e::" ' "::iiliiiiiiiik ""~!i~;~::" reduced to A-O.
10-2.2.2 Doors. Doors shall comply w i t ~ i : : ~ . -~i!!iii!i. ":':" Exception No. 2: Where permitted by Chapters 17 through 19, wheelhouse
separation from open decks shall be permitted to be reduced.
10-2.3 Number of Exit Accesses. Multiple exif:~i~.e,sses.:~$t~all not
be required. "%iiiiiii::ii!.-'
"~::"
. 11-1.4 Occupant load. Occupant load shall not be required to be
.:::::."
applied to electrical and control spaces. Sufficient egress capacity
Exception: High-risk service spaces greater than 1.5 m~;::"shallhave at shall be provided in accordance with Section 5-3.
least two exit accesses.
11-2 Means of Egress Requirements.
10-2.4 Arrangement of Means of Egress.
11-2.1 General. All means of egress shall be in accordance widl
10-2.4.1 Where multiple exit accesses are required, exit accesses Chapter 5 and fills section.
shall be located remotely from each other and shall be arranged to
minimize d~e possibility that d~ey might be blocked by any 11-2.2 Means of Egress Components.
emergency.
11-2.2.1 Components of means of egress shall be limited to tile
10-2.4.2 Means of egress shall be permitted through types described in 11-2.2.2
accommodations spaces.
11-2.2.2 Doors shall comply widl 5-2.1.
10-2.5 Emergency Lighting. Emergency lighting shall be provided
in accordance with Section 5-9. 11-2.3 Means of Egress Arrangement.
10-3 Protection. 11-2.3.1 Multiple exit accesses shall not be required.
10-3.1 Interior Finish. Interior finish shall comply wld~ 6-3.3. 11-2.3.2 Means of egress shall be permitted dlrough adjacent
spaces of any type.
10-3.2 Detection, Alarm, and Communication Systems.
11-2.4 Emergency Lighting. Emergency lighting shall be provided
10-3.2.1 All service spaces shall be provided witl~ a manual alarm in accordance wldl Section 5-9.
system in accordance with Section 7-1.
10-3.2.2 All service spaces shall be provided wid~ heat detection in 11-3 Protection.
accordance with Section 7-1.
11-3.1 Interior Finish. Interior finish shall comply wida 6-3.3.
Exception: Service spaces which are provided with an automatic
sprinkler system complying with 7-2.2. 11-3.2 Detection, Alarm, and Communication Systems.
140
 N F P A 301 ~ A98 R O C ( R e p r i n t e d f r o m F97 R O P )

Exception: In engineering and machinery space occupancies and in

11-3.2.1 All m a n n e d electrical and control spaces shall be
provided with a manual alarm system in accordance with Section 7-
1.
11-3.2.2 All electrical and control spaces shall be provided with
smoke detection in accordance wida Section 7-1.
11-3.3 Extinguishing requirements. Portable extinguishers shall be
provided in accordance with %2.10.
storage occupancies, the clear distance between intermediate rails
measured at right angles to the rails shall not exceed 50 cm (I 9. 7 in.).
12-2.2.4 Escape Trunks.
12-2.2.4.1 Where required, escape trunks shall be separated fi-om
die machinery space by m i n i m u m A-60 divisions; they shall be
provided with emergency lighting complying with Section 5-9 and
with self-closing doors complying with 5-2.17 to allow protected
egress from the machinery space.

Chapter 12 Engineering and Machinery Spaces Exception: Escape trunks that are 5 m (16.4fl) or less in height shall be
permitted to be reduced to a minimum A-O division.
12-1 General Requirements.
12-2.2.4.2 Self-closing doors or hatches shall be provided at each
12-1.1" Application. "Ihe requirements of this chapter apply to escape trunk egress.
machinery spaces of high, medium, and low risk.
Exception: Escape trunks egressing to weather.
12-1.2" Special Definitions:
12-2.2.5 Shaft Tunnels. Shaft tunnels shall be permitted to serve as
Manned Space. A space that is normally occupied. an egress route.

U n m a n n e d Space. A space that is occasionally occupied. 12-2.3 Means o f Egress Arrangement.

12-1.3 Minimum Construction Separation Requirements. 12-2.3.1 All machinery spaces shall be provided with a m i n i m u m
of two separated m.~:,a.nsof egress.
Low-Risk H igh-Risk ~':::'::::::::..
Machinery Machinery Exception No, 1;::#::L'o'w'::~k machinery spaces.
Spaces S paces ~-i:::'i':-ii.:?.:..
High-risk a c c o m m o d a t i o n A-60 A-60 Exception N..~i:'-'2:"::~'~anned machineo_ spaces that open directly to
Medimn-risk a c c o m m o d a t i o n A-O A-lilY weather or...ii~::i.,exit d ~ . .
•..::i!::!i!::i::!i~::,'%: -::i!i!i!~!.......
Low-risk a c c o m m o d a t i o n B-(} A-0 12-2.$i.~" E x ~ shall be"i~,~"~d remotely from each other and at
Medical, h e a h h care, and child A-60 le~:.'one:~lall not reqt~i~e passage through a water-tight d o o r
c~are A-0
-:-. .::::::::::::.. .:-:i:i:.:.?&..
Service A-0 A-60 1 2 - 2 . : ~ i i : i ~ i i t e trunks shall be provided at the following locations:
Electrical and control A-O A-0 '::iiiii::::::::!!!
....
Low-risk engineering a~ad •-'i!!!:i........ (a) Ev~:~::i~hae control room located wltltin the fire resistive
machinery C' A-0 ":~iiiiiiiiiiiiiii::~::~).ndaries:~:flle machinery space
High-risk engineering and
machinery A-0 A-0 "!iii~: ..::-~i~];'i':::!:.~i%elowest deck of the machinery space
Stora~ge A-O A -0,.:':i~i~-i!ii!i:i:: "!~ii-i"::"
,.. g;:"
Cargo spaces and bunker fuel ..::~# :~iiii: :iiii, (.9) Each high-risk machinery space shall be provided with an
tanks A-0 ..::~.-..0 j!il ... ":::i~pe trunk
O p e n deck C ~:::- ~ ....... ~:~:::l:iiiiii~:::::,)ii:,.:~i~::
Helicopter platform A-60 A-fi~:::!:i:i I "::':i'i~-]':':::Exception: Escape trunks shall not be required for machinery spaces
Voids C' ..................::.:...A_0"-IIIII::II:~::..j ....... where the vertical distance from the lower level of the space to the weather
.....::.........:!5.5.:!5- .... ":;::]:!::.::.!...:.::.'-i:- deck or exit access is less than 5 m (16.4 fly.
12-1.4 Classification o f Occupancy. (see ~:~.} '::':~iiiiiiii!.
•::i::"~::i:i:i:i:~::.. ::::::::, '.':":'::" 12-3 Protection.
(a) Low risk - - Con,=~ins low-risk fuelis) ~?:::,~,o r e a d y ~ u r c e of 12-3.1 High-risk machinery spaces shall be protected with one of
gn tion present. "%%j:"..:::: tile following systems in accordance with Chapter 7:
(b) High risk i Contains high-risk fuel(s) with ,':i:i!~'hrce of (a) Gaseous total-flooding system
ignition present. "~:"
(by Water-utist system protecting the entire space
12-2 Means o f Egres,s R~lulrements.
12-3.2 Energy Sources.
12-2.1 General. All means of egress shall be in accordance with
Chapter 5 a n d dais section. 12-3.2.1 Machinery space fire protection systems shall be provided
with two sources of electrical power.
12-2.2 Means o f Egr~,~s Components.
12-3.2.2" For all vessels, at least one source of power for fire
12-2.2.1 Means of egress c o m p o n e n t s shall be limited to the types protection systems shall be provided from outside the protected
described in 12-2.2.2 fllrough 12-2.2.6 space.
12-2.2.2" Doors. Doors shall comply with 5-2.1. Exception: Machinery spaces not exceeding 120 m s (423Z8J~ ).
Exception No. 1: Water-tight doors and weather-tight doors need not 12-3.2.3 Wiring and switchgear for fire protection system pumps
comply with the construdion requirements of Chapter 5. and controls shall be such that fire damage in the protected space
will not impair the system.
Exception No. 2: Doors .shall be ptwraitted to have a minimum width of
700 mm (28 in.). 12-3.5 Hydrants.
12-2.2.3 Stairs. 12-3.3.1 Hydrants shaU be located witltin or outside the machinery
12-2.2.3.1 Service stalls and ladders complying wifla 5-2.7 shall be space such that all areas of the space can be reached by at least two
permitted. hose lines. The closest hose line shall not exceed 25 meters and
the second hose line shall be provided from the same deck.
12-2.2.3.2 Fire escape ladders complying witla 5-2.8 and alternating
tread devices complying wifla 5-2.9 shall be permitted as a Exception: As otherwise provided by Chapters 17 through 1 9,
secondary means of egress.
12-5.3.2 Hydrants witlfin flae machinery space ,and dlose
immediately outside the protected space shall be capable of
141
 N F P A 301 ~ A98 R O C (Reprinted f r o m F97 R O P )
providing low-expansion AFFF or other suitable foam for 30 (a) Immediately outside the machinery space and adjacent to the
minutes at rated flow from any two hydrants. fixed fire extinguishing system actuation controls
Exception: As otherwise provided by Chapters 17 through 19. (b) On the bridge deck in an area accessible to all officers
12-3.4 Fire Alarm Detection. All machiner,/spaces shall be fitted 12-6.$ Splash guards to avoid oil spray or oil leakages onto hot
with automatic fire detectors that initiates visual and audible alarms surfaces or into machinery air intakes shall be prowded for the
in the machinery space, machinery control room, the bridge, and following:
central control station.
(a) Strainers for pressurized oil systems
Exception: h~ periodicall"~ unattended machineo, spaces, the fire-detection
~stem may be so designdt and the detectors so positioned as to rapidly (b) Fuel injection pumps
detect the onset of fire in any part of those spaces and under an~t normal
conditions of operation of the machinery and variations of ventilation as (c) Pressurized oil lines
required by the possible range of ambient temperatures.
12-6.4" Fuel injector pipelines operating in excess of 10 bar (145
12-3.5" Emergency Escape Breathing Device (EEBD), The psi) shall be double-walled with arrangements provided for an
minimum n u m b e r of National Institutes for Occupational Safety alarm to be given in case of leakage.
and Health (NIOSH) approved EEBDs provided shall be the
greater of the following: Exception: Machine 0 operating below 375 k W (500 HP).
(a) Twice the watch manning 12-7 Ventilation Systems. Machinery space ventilation systems
shall be provided with remote shut-down controls located as
(b) The maximum n u m b e r of personnel expected to be working follows:
in file space at ,any given time
(a) Immediately outside the machinery space and adjacent to the
Exception: EEBDs shall not be required in engineering and machinery fixed fire-extinguisb.J.'ng system actuation controls.
spaces where the travel distance does not exceeds 15 m (49.2fl).
(b) On the b~
h~e":~k in an area accessible to all officers.
12-4 Vessel Services.
12-8 Hot ~fa:~
12-4.1 Emergency Lighting. All of file following areas shall be
provided with emergency lighting: 12-8.1
suff...~s sh~t" be
t manifolds, flues, and other hot
ch that the exposed surfaces do not
(a) Manned spaces oo~" an i ~ i t i o n r sprayed or spilled oils.
(b) Escape routes not exceed 150°C(302°F).
(c) Areas housing fire-extinguishing equipment and damage- . 12-9
control equipment
:-I-~::.:...W~.~fe a water-mist extinguishing system is installed in high-
12-4.2 Low-Location Lighting. Low-location lighting shall be ~'~nery spaces to satisfy the requirements of 12-3.1, one of
provided in manned high-risk machinery spaces. ~..:.~.:: q.he foJlCSwingsystems shall be installed to protect the bilges:
12-5 Compartmentation. -'-':'::" .-:~) ow-expansion foam
..::i:i:-..x.
•::~'::"::-:'~:~:~::'. ~?.'::3.:'!i:'!i'i~.~
12-5.1 There shall be no access between cargo p u n ~ r~i~:~'~'d"'~'~
i~:'(b) High-expansion foam
(c) Water mist
other machinery spaces. .-:E':'i~::.:i!':::, " •
12-9.2 Bilge plating shall be solid for walkways to escape routes.
12-5.2" There shall be no doors between b.j~"l~:'-'risk~ . ~ . n e ~ l :::~'::
spaces, engine casings, or fidley areas, and~;!flllefollowiri'~i~pes ...~ 12-10" Incinerator Spaces. Incinerator spaces shall be provided
with remote shut-down controls located immediately outside the
machinery space and adjacent to the fixed fire-extinguishing system
spaces:
(a) Passenger egress stairs , : i iiiiiiiii::j
"::ii ;::.. actuation controls.

(b) Public spaces ,~iiiii~-:i~" 12-11 Portable ExtinguLshers. Approved portable multipurpose
dry-chemical fire extinguishers shall be provided in all macltinery
(c) Embarkation areas spaces, in accordance with Chapter 7.
(d) Refilge areas
Chapter 13 Storage Spaces
(e) Passenger muster stations
13-1 General Requirements.
(f) Bridge
13-1.1 Application. Storage spaces shall comply with this chapter.
(g) Radio room
13-1.2 Subclasslflcatlon of Occupancies.
(h) Emergency generator space
A high-risk storage space contains ltigh-risk fuels or flammable
(i) Cabin areas for passengers aerosols. It is dedicated for trash storage or contains pyroteclmics
or explosives.
(j) Fan rooms serving spaces other than the machinery space
Exception No. 1: Alcohol in containers not exceeding 10 l (2.64 gal).
Exception: As otherwise provided by Chapters 17 through 19.
Exception No. 2: Flammable liquids and aerosols stored in containers in
12-6 Pressurized Oil Systems. accordance with NFPA 30, Flammable and Combustible Liquids Code.
12-6.1 Flexible fuel and lubricating oil lines operating above 10 bar 13-1.3 Protection Schemes.
(145 psi) shall be provided wid~ double-wall tubing and fittings in
accordance wifla SOLAS Chapter 1I-2, Regulation 15. Separation Separation
Required Required
12-6.2 Pressurized oil systems shall be provided with remote shut- Low-Risk High-Risk
down controls located ,as follows: Storage Storage
Hi~b-risk accommodation B-15 A-60

142
 NFPA 301 -- A98 ROC (Reprinted from F97 ROP)

Medium-risk accommodation B-0 A-60 14-1.1 Application. Cargo spaces and fuel tanks shall comply witii
Low-risk accommodation C A-0 this chapter.
Medical, health care, and
child care B-0 A-0 14-1.2 Special Definitions.
Hi~h-risk service C A-0
Restricted Access Spaces.* Spaces that are not normally occupied
Electrical and control B-0 A-0 by the crew during tile course of normal working or watchstanding
]~ngineerin~ and machinery C A-0 but dlat may be periodically checked during the course of their
High-risk engineering and rounds.
machinery C A-0
Hi~:h-risk storage A-0 A-0 14-1.3 Protection Schemes. Car,~o spaces and fl~el hanks shall be
Low-risk storage C A-0 separated from all spaces by mimmum A-0 construction.
Cargo spaces and bunker fi~el
ranks A-0 A-0 Exception: Where otherwise provided by Chapters 17 through 19.
,,,.Open deck C A-0
14-1.4 Occupant Load. Occupant load shall not be applied to
Helicopter platform A-0 A-0
cargo spaces and fuel tanks.
Voids, cofferdams A-0 A-0
14-2 Means of Egress Requirements.
13-1.4 Occupant Load. Occupant load shall not be applied to
storage spaces. 14-2.1 Means of egress shall be in accordance wifll Chapter 5 and
this section.
13-2 Means of Egress Requirements.
14-2.2 Means of egress from restricted access cargo spaces and fuel
13-2.1 General. All means of egress shall be in accordance witil tanks shall not be required to comply widl Chapter 5.
Chapter 5 and this section.
Exc~Otion: Where r~$ired by Chapters 17 through 19.
13-2.2 Means of Egress Components. . 6iii~'~.~i~.: . . . . .
14-3 Protectm~~'Prot'~.~on shall be provided m accordance widl
13-2.2.1 General. Components of means of egress shall be limited CAlapters 17.~:.a':'=~ 19.
to tile types described in 13-2.2.2 tiwough 13-2.2.3. . ~'!.,:::::::.
:.~
' ilili "::'-"~ii~:-i:..-.::.::::
13-2.2.2 Doors. Doors shall comply with 5-2.1. ~ i ~ "::~ter 15 Open Decks
13-2.2.$ Ramps. Ranws shall comply with 5-2.5. l~!~Ge~! Require~ts. This chapter covers the requirements
13-2.3 Means of Egress Arrangement, ":~i?i.:-~!~i-'.' " . .
15-1.1 "~!!ca~on. Open decks shah comply w~th tins chapter.
13-2.3.1 M,l~ple exit ,~ccesses sha, not be reqnired from sto=ge ::~::.--O5-1.2~ Pr~':o.~i
spaces. Schemes.
":~:." - .~:i~i~.i~:::.,:,,. ~::.
13-2.3.2 Means of egress shall be permitted tiirough adjacent "-"-""~!~'
" [-::!~iY-'::%:~
: "':':': ":"':':":':;';""~ I SeparatiOn I
spaces of any type. - • -
13-2.4 Travel Distance to Exits. Exits s
total length of travel from any point to 1
exceed 40 m (131 ft).

13-2.5 Emergency Lighting. Emergenc1

in accordance witll Section 5-9 in storag
(538.2 ftz).
13-3 Protection.

13-3.1 Interior Finish. Interior finish s

15-3.2 Detection, Alarm, and Commur

storage spaces shall be provided with a
accordance with Section 7-1.

Exception: Where otherwise provided by Ch~pu~7~ J ~ ..... ~g,~ ~ i.

13-3.$ Extinguishing Requirements. High-risk storage spaces sh,all
be fitted with a fixedautomatic fire protection system in
accordance with Sectien 7-2.
13-4 Special Provisions for High-Risk Fuels Storage.
13-4.1 The provisions of Sections 13-1 through 13-3 shall be met
except as modified by 13-5.2 tilrough 13-5.3.
13-4.2 Storage of high-risk fuels shall be in sealed, shatterproof
containers. Shelves and storage fixtures shall prevent severe
movement of containers widl tile normal motion of tile vessel.
13-4.3 Electrical equipment in high-risk filels storage shall be
installed in accordance with Article 500, NFPA 70, National
Electrical Code.
Chapter 1,1 Cargo Spaces and Fuel Tanks
14-1 General Requirements. This chapter covers the requirements
for cargo spaces and tirol tanks.
15-1.3 Occupant Load. The occupant permitted on any open deck
shall be determined on file basis of file following occupant load
facto rs:
(a) Fixed seating: design capacity
(b) Bleachers, pews, and other bench-type seating: one person
per 45 linear cm (18 in.)
(c) Open aregs: one person for each 1 m e (10 fC) of gross deck
area ,and 0.65 m e (7 fC) of net area
Exception: Occupant load shall not be required to be applied to open deck
areas which are not intended to normally be occupied.
15-1.4 Storage of Cargo. Open decks intended for tile carriage of
cargo shall also meet the requirements of Chapter 14.
15-1.5 Temporary Storage. Open decks intended for the
temporary storage of ship's stores shall comply with Section 15-3.
15-2 Means of Egress Requirements. All means of egress shall be
in accordance with Chapter 5 and this section.

143
 N F P A 301 - - A98 R O C (Reprinted from F97 ROP)

Exception: Means of egress shall be permitted to be entire~ by exterior 16-3.3 Communications. Communication capability shall be
stairways and open decks. available between dae bridge, fire-fighting foam control stations,
hangar, and d~e helicopter deck.
15-3 Special Considerations for ()pen Decks Intended for Storage
of Ship's Stores.
Chapter 17 Towing Vessels
15-3.1 Storage are,'ts shall not impede means of egress.
17-1 General Requirements.
15-3.2 Storage areas shall be capal)le of being reached by two fire-
hose streams. 17-1.1 Application. This chapter shall apply to all towing vessels
greater allan 375 kW (500 HP).
15-3.3 Deck lmuse construction adjacent to storage area shall be
at least A-0. 17-1.2 Occupant Load. Occupant load shall not be required to be
applied to towing vessels.
153.4 Storage area shall he designed wifla provisions for spill or
leak containment. 17-2 Means of Egress. Chapter 5 shall not apply to towing vessels.

15-3.5 Storage area shall be provided, remote from dae vessel 17-3 Protection. (No requirements.)
superstructure, with permanent means for fastening or lashing
containers to vessel. 17-4 Accommodations Spaces. Chapter 8 shall not apply to towing
vessels. Accommodations spaces on towing vessels shall comply
with this section.
Chapter 16 ltellcopter Decks
17-4.1 Separation. Accommodations spaces shall be separated
16-1" General Requirements. This chapter covers the from enganeering and machinery spaces and from fuel tanks with at
requirements for helicopter decks. least A-0 barriers.
16-1.1 Application. Helicopter decks shall comply with this 17-4.2 Detection,:.::ii~j.la.gle-station smoke detectors complying with
chapter. UL 217, Single a~d ~;[~iple Station Smoke Detectors, shall be
provided in ~ i g ~ : c o m m o d a t i o n s space.
16-1.2 Protection Schemes.
17-5 M e . d i ~ H e ~ i ! ] ~ . re, and Child Care Spaces. Chapter 9
Separation
Required
High-risk accommodation A-60 l Spaces. C pter 10 shaU not apply to towing vessels.
Medium-risk accommodation A-60
Low-risk accommodation A-60
i7-7:':i!~:~t and Control Spaces. Chapter 11 shall not apply to
towi ng':-~:eis.
Medieval, health care, and child care A-60
Hi~h-risk service A-0 ":~;i:4-.7-8 E n g i ~ . ~]'ng and Machinery Spaces. Chapter 12 shall not
Electrical and control A-0 $. "~.-':.*..o t.Q.~ng vessels. Engineering and machinery spaces on
Engineerin~ and machinery A-60 $~ . ~ ¢ ~ e l s shall comply widl dais section.
High-risk en~ineerin~ and machinery A-f0 .f?;"Y?~'
....:-~:::~::,..
???i
High-risk stora~:e A-O.I::;V "~:~ili ::~!i,17-8.1" Separation. Engineering and machinery spaces shall be
Low-risk storage "~i~arated from accommodations spaces widl at least A-0 barriers.
(.;argo spaces and bunker tirol tanks :"~iii!~.-'::~:::i~'~:"17-8.2Detection. Smoke or heat detectors complying with 7-1.3
(3)en deck C '%%. "::":":':~:: shaU be provided in all engineering and machinery spaces. Means
H elicopter platform .-::..':i~-:~iiiiiii~i3!~./.A "":!!i~i!::~ii~:: shall be provided such flint detector actlvadon is indicated on the
Voids cofferdams ..:l#. . . . . ~! .~::, "::;~i~~-':"~: bridge.
.!:!- ,,.!.,.:!.:.:. :.~
..:~,~:::::>. "~;:'..'~:: ..--.-:.
16-1.3 Occupant Load. Occupant load':Rl[f~-'~;.~otbe recl{'~.'~edto be 17-8,$ Fire Protection Systems and Equipment. All engine rooms
applied to helicopter decks. ':%.'!~;::. ~ ~" shall b e p r o v i d e d wida a fixed suppression system complying with
%~i~!:..::, .~: Section 7-2.
16-2 Means of Egress Requirements. Means of ~ . , 4 ~ a l l be in
accordance wida Chapter 5 and this section. .~i::::'" 17-8.4 Fuel Systems.
16-2.1 Means of Egress Components. Means of egress components 17-8,4.1 Portable Fuel Systems. Portable fuel systems shall not be
shall be limited to dm types described in 16-2.1.1 darough 16-2.1.2, permitted.
16-2.1.1 Stairs. Steel stairs complying wida 5-2.2 shall be permitted. Exception: Where used for portable bilge pumps, portable tanks and fuel
lines meeting ABYC H-25, Portable Containers for Flammable Liquids,
16-2.1.2 Service Stairs and Ladders. Service stairs ,and ladders shall be permitted.
complying wida 5-2.7 shall be permitted.
17-8.4.2 Fuel Restrictions, Fuel for main propulsion and ship's
16-2.2. Each helicopter deck shall have two means of egress. service generators shall not have a flash point less dmn 43°C
(110°F).
16-3 Protection.
17-8.4.3 Pressurized Oil Systems. Pressurized oil systems shall
16-3.1 Extinguishing Requiremenm. comply wida Section 12-6.
16-3.1.1 Each helicopter deck and hangar shall be fitted with eid~er 17-9 Storage Spaces. Chapter 13 shall not apply to towing vessels.
a foam system complying wida 7-2.1.1 or 7-2.5. Hydrants for
manual application of foam shall be accessible from each of dae 17-10 Fuel Tanks. Chapter 14 shall not apply to towing vessels.
means of egress required by 16-2.1. Integral fuel tanks shall comply widl dais section.
16-3.1.2 In addition to the extinguishers required by 7-2.10, an 17-10.1 Each fuel tank shall be fitted with a vent pipe connected to
additional two BC 20 and two A 10 BC 20 extinguishers shall be the highest point of the tank which terminates in a 3.14 radiant
provided. (180 degree) bend on a wead~er deck and which is fitted with a
flame screen.
16-3.2 Drainage. Each helicopter deck shall have drainage
facilities which prevent d~e collection of liquids and prevent liquids 17-10.2 The net cross sectional area of the vent pipe required by
from dripping on other parts of the ship. Drainage shall be 17-10.1 shall be 300 mmt (0.465 in.~).
overboard.

144
 N F P A 301 - - A98 R O C (Reprinted f r o m F97 R O P )
Exception: Where provisions are made to fill a tank under pressure, the
net cross sectional area of the vent pipe shall bepermitted to be reduced to
not less than the net cross sectional area of the fill pipe.
17-10.3 Fuel Piping.
17-10.3.1 Fuel piping shall be seamless; shall be made of steel,
copper-nickel, m m e a l e d copper, or nickel-copper; and shall have a
wall thickness of at least 0.9 m m (0.035 in.)
Exception No. 1: Alumin'um piping shall be permitted on aluminum
vessels i f it is installed outside the machinery space and is at least 2.4
mm (0.095 in.) thickness (schedule 80).
Exception No. 2: Nonmetallic flexible hose is permitted if it meets the
following conditions:
(a) Not used in lengdts exceeding 0.8 m (2.6 ft)
(b) Installed in a visihle location
(c) Does not penetrme any water-tight bulkheads
(d) Fabricated with an inner tube and a cover of synthetic rulaber
reinforced with a wire braid
(e) Fitted with corros,ion-resistant compression fittings
(f) Installed wid~ two clamps which do not rely on spring tension
at each end of the bose. if d~e hose is intended to be secured with
clamps
17-10.3.2 A fuel line subject to internal head pressure from fuel in
the tank shall be fitted with a positive shutoff valve which is
operable from ontside the machinery space.
17-11 O p e n Decks. Chapter 15 shall not apply to towing vessels.
17-12 Helicopter Decks. Chapter 16 shall not apply to towing
vessels.
17-13 Vegsel Services.
17-13.2 Fire Protection Sy, tems and Equlpmen,.
..:.:...,
17-13.2.1 Fire Pumps, Fire Mains, Hydrants, and H~i.F.::.ire ~:.".":'i:~':'~"-:~:~::.%::~!'::"
pumps, fire mains, hydrants, and hose shall comply 'iqitff:~..ti~y '':~::~'...-#~" 18-2.1.4 During its swing, any door into a means of egress shaU
section. .......
..::¢~.!g':!:~:~i::iiii~iiii~i.:, "::'%!?:::ii::,....::::.
17-13.2.1.1 Fire Pumps. A fire p u m p capab...~"of s n ~ : ~ ! ~ g the':t~.~:"
highest outlets at a flow rate not less than..::~ Ipm (80 ~ )
pressure not less than 350 kPa (50 psi) ~~]~::~.provided:~ii:...'~
':q~ii!!!::..
17-13.2.1.2 Fire Main and Hydrants. A fire m;i]~!i~~d h ..~i"ants
shall be installed such that all portions of die v e s ~ ! " b e
widl a single length of hose. %:i":"
.::.::--
17-13.2.1.3 Fire Hose. A fire hose and nozzle meeting 7-2.3.3 and
shall be provided for each hydrant.
17-13.2.2 Portable Fire Extinguishers. Portable fire extinguishers
shall be provided in accordance with Table 17-13.2.2.
Table 17-13.2.2
17-13.3.1 Towing vessels of greater dmn 3000 kW (2238 hp) shall
b e e q u i p p e d with two sets of fire-fighter protective clothing meeting
7-3.1.
17-13.3.2 Towing vessels of greater than 3000 kW (2238 lap) shall
be e q u i p p e d widl two sets of self-contained breathing apparatus
meeting 7-3.2.
Chapter 18 Cargo and Tank Vessels
18-1 General Requirements.
18-1.1" Application. This section shall apply to all vessels fl~at
carry cargo.
18-1.2 Referenced Regulations. In addition to this section, fine
following shall be complied widh where applicable:
(a) International Convention for Safety of Life at Sea, 1974, as
,amended (SOLAS)
(b) International Code for the Construction and Equipment of Ships
Caro ing Chemicals in Bulk (IBC)
(c) Code for the Construction and Equipment of Ships Carrying
Dangerous Chemicals in Bulk (BCH)
(d) International Gas Carrier Code (IGC)
(e) Gas Carrier Code
(f) International Safety Guide for Oil Tankers and Terminals
(ISGOTT) (4da Ediuon)
18-1.3 Occupant Load. Occupant load shall be in accordance
with Chapters 8 t h r o u g h 16.
18-2 Means o f Egre.s.s. Means of egress shall only be required to
comply wifla C h a ~ . : : . a s specified in dais section.
:::':!:" -,-@
18-2.1 Meang.:~i~gress Components. Means of egress c o m p o n e n t s
shall be l i ~ d i : ~ e . types described in 19-2.2.1 flarough 19-2.2.6.
18-2.1 .~.t.-:iiii~.:d.'~ra s s ~ : . ~ A n c l u d i n g fine door opening, frame,
doo~.'."~d'nd
.~¢. . ri':~:izess~
a J ' y h a ~ .ii ~' e I used as a c o m p o n e n t in a means
ot~:~ress "~h,all conform~.t~ dae general reqnirements of Section 5-1
~:i~i!~'9....d~ecial requirements of dais subsection. Such an
asse'~i~|i~:~::be designated as a door.
•"-?.:.::::.. 18-2.1.2 ":~.~..::.dOor that is required to serve as an exit shall be
"~'ii!:.ii~:.2~$i.::.*..i.~igneda~:-~onstructed so d~at the way of exit travel ~s obvious
•'-iii.:':":~i~:~.%! ~:~
%#1:8-2.1..~;' Doors shall swing in the direction of egress travel where
in an enclosnre or wi, ere serving a hlghh d contents
:.:.:. ":.~:,~..ga.
g,
:.
"%-.~iiii~:. ":"::-':::~ leave unobstructed at least one half o f die required widda of an
aisle, passageway, or landing. When fully open, dae door shall not
project more than 15 cm (5.9 in.) into the required width of an
at:.~:" aisle, passageway, or landing. Doors shall not open immediately
onto a stair without a landing. T h e landing shall have a width at
iiii~: least equal to dae width of fine door. (See 5-2.2.3)
reached 18-2.1.5 Water-Tight Doors. Water-tight doors in a means of egress
shall be dae quick-acting or power-operated type.
18-2.1.6 Exit Door Hardware. A latch or odaer fastening device on
a door shall be provided with a lever, handle, panic bar, or odler
simple type of releasing device dlat has an obvious method of
operation (under all lighting conditions). The releasing
mechanism for any latch shall be located not more than 120 cm
(47.2 in.) above fine finished floor. Doors shall be capable of
being o p e n e d with no more than one releasing operation.
Exception: Egress doors from individual staterooms shall be permitted to
be provided with devices that require not more than one additional
releasing operation, such as a night latch, dead bolt, or security chain,
provided such device is operable from the inside without the use of a key
or tool and is mounted at a height not to exceed 120 cm (47.2 in.) above
the finished floor.
18-2.2 Stairs.
18-2.2.1 General. Stairs, eidler interior or exterior, used as a
c o m p o n e n t in the me,'ms of egress shall conform to the general
requirements of Section 5-1 and to the special requirements of this
subsection.
18-2.2.2 Types o f Stairs.
18-2.2.2.1 Dimensional Criteria. Stairs shall be in accordance wida
the following table:
Table 18-2.2.2.1 Stairs
145
 NFPA 301 ~ A98 R O C (Reprinted from F97 ROP)

Minimum width clear of all 90 cm (35.4 in.)

obstructions, except projections 18-2.5.3 T h e appropriate design m e d m d shall be any system that
n o t exceeding 10 cm (3.9 in.) at meets file performance level stipulated in 5-2.3.2. The s m o k e p r o o f
or below handrail height on each enclosure shall be permitted to be created by using natural
side ventilation, by using mechanical ventilation incorporating a
Maximum height of risers 20 cm (7.9 in.) vestibule, or by pressurizing die enclosure.
Minimum hei,ght of risers 10 cm (3.9 in.)
18-2.5.4 Enclosure. A s m o k e p r o o f enclosure shall be enclosed by
Minimum net tread d e p t h 24 cm (9.4 in.) fire barriers. Where a vestibule is used, it shall be wit:in the
Minimum headroom 205 cm (80.7 in.) enclosure and shall be considered part of die smokeproof
Maximum height between landings 3.5 m (11.5 ft) enclosure. Vestibules shall have a m i n i m u m dimension of 110 cm
Landing (see 5-2.2.3 and 5-2.1.4.3) (43.5 in.) in width and 185 cm (72.8 in.) in the direction of travel.

18-2.2.2.2 Tread Slope. Tread slope shall not exceed 2.0 e m / m 18-2.5.5 Discharge. Every s m o k e p r o o f enclosure shall open to an
(0.24 in./ft) (a slope of 1 in 50). adjacent s m o k e p r o o f enclosure, an open deck having direct access
to a embarkation area, or an exit access or exit. Such exit
18-2.2.2.3 Riser Height and Net Tread Depth. Riser height shall passageways shall be without openings other than the entrance
be measured as the vertical distance between tread nosings. Tread from the s m o k e p r o o f enclosure and the door to tile open deck, or
deptll shall be measured horizontally between the vertieal planes of embarkation area. The exit passageway shall be separated from the
die foremost projection of adjacent treads and at a right angle to remainder of tim vessel by fire barriers having A-Class fire-
the tread's leading edge but shall not include beveled or r o u n d e d resistance ratings.
tread surfaces flint slope more than 20 degrees (a slope of 1 in
2.75). At tread nosings, such beveling or r o u n d l n g s h a l l not 18-2.5.6 Access. Access sllall be by way of a vestibule, an exit, an
exceed 1.5 cm (0.6 in.) in horizontal dimension. T h e total tread exit access, stair enclosure, or by way o f an open deck.
shall not be less than 25 cm (9.8 in.).
Exception: Smokeproof enclosures consisting of a pressurized stair
18-2.2.2.4 T h e r e shall be no variation exceeding 0.5 cm (0.2 in.) in enclosure complying te.ith 5-2.3.9.
die depth o f adjacent treads or in tile height o f adjacent rtsers and ::.:~!}i!~.%.
die tolerance between file largest and smallest riser or between
" the 18-2.6 Door C.l.~ers. :':'"~'~:> ~.'he acuvauon
" " of an automatic closing d evice
largest and smallest tread shall not exceed 1.0 cm (0.4 in.) in any on any door " ~ . s m o k e p r o o f enclosure shall activate all oilier
flight, automatic ~sin~.-'~..vi.'ces on doors in the s m o k e p r o o f enclosure.
.,:, " % -.-.%:-:-~.::
18-2.3 Guards and Handrails. 18-2.7 J ~ c y L ~ g . , . ~ . , A l l s m o k e p r o o f enclosures and
vesti...~i]es s[i~ll be pro~*.~:"with emergency lighting powered by
18-2.3.1 Guards. Means of egress such as stairs, landings, tl~e:'.-!~tand~.:: power syst~d~" (5-2.3.12).
passageways, deck openings, ramps, aisles, galleries, or mezzanines ~-'ii~:::~':~..:'i~::, ...iiiiiiii'-:::. "
dlat are more allan 75 cm (29.5 in.) above the deck below sball be 18-2~.~'~ii.'~..~iiJ'~'[it Ventilation. Smokeproof enclosures using natural
provided widl guards to prevent falls over tile open side. ventil~.::..,:.hall comply wifll file following:
•~!::,,. %'~ii~..'.:..::-:;~
18-2.3.2 Handrails. Each stair or ramp with a slope exceeding 1 in :~!i~'~ii:::'~!.'.:::,(a)Tile ~ " r w a y s into dm smoke tower shall be protected witil
12 shall have handrails on bodl sides. In addition, handrails shall % "'r:~:.'i~.~..~9.v...~ fire door assembly having a Class-A fire protection
be provided witlfin 75 cm (29.5 in.) of all portions of die required % ~'6:6~:""
egress widdl of stairs. T h e required egress widtil shall be a.[~.::the %5i~'~:: g~"~
natural path of travel. Stairs shall have a handrail on at I . ~ " ~ i ~ ! : %. (b) "Doors shall be designed to minimize all leakage and shall be
side. (See also 5-2.2.4.5.) .:-~" "!~i~i!: ~..~...ff-closing or shaU be automatic self-closing by actuation of a
,:~:'.-.::.. ~:..:, %~i.~noke detector.
18-2.3.3 Required guards and handrails shall contin{te f~i~l-.I.~::~ulP:~ii:-..'!:~l~"
length of each flight of stairs. At turns of stairs, inside h a n ' ~ i l z ":"*:":" 18-2.9 Exit Corridors.
shall be continuous between flights at landin.g:.~i~i~;":"~ii~i~..'::~i::,. "::i~iiii!i..-..::...,.::...:.
...4U "::'~':'-:~!'!::. "%~"" 18-2.9.1 General. Exit corridors shall conform to the general
18-2.4 llandrail Details. .::--:.':~i'::, "::i~!~. .:~d.~:" requirements of Section 5-1 and to file special requirements of dais
<:::":~ii~!~i~::.. '~-~.-".'j. s t : b s e c t i o n.
(a) Handrails on stairs sb:dl be n o t less th~:t~i::~.-5,cm (3~j::g in.)
nor more tilan 95cm (37.4 in.) above the surf~:.i~..the...~ead, 18-2.9.2 Enclosure. An exit corridor shall be separated from odler
measured vertically to die top o f the rail from the':]~.:.~:~g edge of parts of die vessel by B-Class division.
dae tread. <i~ii~::"
18-2.9.3 Stair Discharge. An exit corridor d~at serves as a discharge
Exception No. 1 to (a): Required handrails that form part of a guard from a stair enclosure shall have the same fire-resistance rating and
shall be permitted to have a maximum height of 105 cm (41.5 in.) o p e n i n g protective fire protection rating as that required for the
measured vertical0 to the top of the rail from the leading edge of the stair enclosure.
tread.
18-2.10 Service Ladders.
Exception No. 2 to (a): Additional handrails that are lower or higher
than the main handrail shall be permitted. 18-2.10.1 General. Service stairs and ladders are designed to be
used for egress from areas by able-bodied crew.
(b) Handrails shall provide a clearance of at least 4 cm (1.6 in.)
between tile handrail ,and die bulkhead to which it is fastened. 18-2.10.2 Dimensional Criteria. Service stairs and ladders shall
comply widl dm requirements o f Table 18-2.10.2.
(c) Handrail ends shall be returned to die bulkhead or deck or
shall terminate at newel posts. Table 18-2.10.2
Stair R e q u i r e m e n t s Dimensions
(d) Handrails that are not continuous between fligbts shall Minimum width 70 cm (27.5 in.)
extend horizontally, at the required height, at least 30 cm (12 in.) Minimum horizontal dimension of
beyond t h e top riser and continue to slope for a depth of one tread landing{ or platform 70 em (27.5 in.)
beyond dm bottom riser where a guard or bulkhead exists.
Maximum riser height 30 cm (11.8 in.)
18-2.5 S m o k e p r o o f Enclosures. Minimum net tread depdl 17 cm (6.7 in.)
Minimum total tread d e p t h 25 cm (9.8 in.)
18-2.5.1 Where s m o k e p r o o f enclosures are required by other Hand rail height 85 cm to 95 cm
sections of dlis Code, they shall comply with 5-2.3. 33.5 in. to 37.5 in. 1
Minimum head room .0 m (6.6 ft)
18-2.5.2 A s m o k e p r o o f enclosure shall be an enclosure designed Spiral stairs As permitted by 5-2.2.2.7
so that the m o v e m e n t o f products of combustion produced by a
fire occurring in any part of the vessel into die s m o k e p r o o f
enclosure shall be limited.
146
 N F P A 301 ~ A98 R O C (Reprinted f r o m F97 R O P )
18-2.10.3 Restrictions. The lowest rung o f any ladder shall be not
more allan 30 cm (11.8 in.) ahove the level of the surface beneadl
it.
18-2.11 Vertical Ladders.
18-2.11.1 General. Vertical ladders shall be permitted to be used
for access or means of escape as provided by Chapters 17 d l r o u g h
19.
18-2.11.2 Construction and Installation. Vertical ladders shall be
constructed of steel.
18-2.11.3 Mounting Requirements. Each ladder used as a means
of escape shall be m o u n t e d at least 18 cm (7 in.) from die nearest
p e r m a n e n t object in back of die ladder.
18-2.11.4 Design o f Rungs. Rungs shall be as follows:
(a) At least 40.5 cm (16 in.) in widdl
(b) Not more dian 30.5 cm (12 in.) apart and uniformly spaced
for die lengd~ of die ladder with at least 11 cm (4.5 in.) clearance
above each rung
18-2.11.5 Deck Scuttles. When a deck scuttle serves as a means of
escape, it shall not be less daan 45.5 cm (18 in.) in diameter and
shall be fitted widl a quick acting release and a holdback device to
hold die scutde in an open position.
18-2.12 Alternating Tread Devices.
18-2.12.1 Alternating tread devices complying widl 5-2.10.2 shall be
permitted to be used o,aly as follows:
(a) To provide access to unoccupied upper-deck areas
(b) To provide a second means of egress from spaces subject to
occupancy only by able-bodied crew
18-2.12.2 Alternating wend devices shall comply witll the following:
(a) Handrails shall be provided on both sides o f alterna~..-.:.:.
tread devices in accordance with 5-2.2,4.5. ..,:.¢~i:,~'
,:.:'~::,!!:".::i':-~
(b) The clear width between haxldrails shall be )a ~ , l l t T l ~::....:,~i
cm (17.7 in.) and shall not exceed 60 cm (23.6 in. f~."::,,
eadroom silall dOt he less 2 m
".::f4-.'::::::-
(d) T h e angle of die device shall be b e ~ $ n 50 and 6~.~egr~:".~
to horizontal. ~!~
.....
(e) The height of die riser shall not exceed c~ (9
(f) Treads shall have a m i n i m u m projected t r e a d~':::':"':'!"pdl
j~ of 15 cm
(5.9 in.), measured in accordance with 5-2.2, widl':~ach tread
providing 25 cm (9.8 in.) of d e p t h including tread overlap.
(g) A m i n i m u m distance of 15 cm (5.9 in.) shall be provided
between die stair handrail and any other object.
(h) Tile initial tread of die stair shall begin at die sa/ne elevation
as the platform, landing, or deck surface.
(i) The alternating treads shall n o t be laterally separated by more
dlan 5 cm (2 in.).
(j) The occupant lo:d served shall n o t be more than dlree.
18-3 Protection.
18-3.1 Protection o f Vertical Openings. Any vertical o p e n i n g sllall
be enclosed in accordance with 6-2.4.
18-3.2 Passageways. Passageways shall be constructed in
accordance wid~ 5-1.35.
18-3.3 Exterior boundaries of superstructures and deckhouses
enclosing accommodation and including auy overhanging decks
fllat s u p p o r t such a c c o m m o d a t i o n shall be insulated to A-60 for
die whole of tile portions which face die cargo area and on d~e
outward sides for a distance of 3 m (9.8 ft) from the end boundary
facing die cargo area. In d~e case o f die sides o f daose
superstructures and deckhouses, such insulation shall be carried as
high as is d e e m e d necessary by the audlority having jurisdiction.
18-4 Accommodation Spaces. A c c o m m o d a t i o n spaces shall be in
accordance widl Chapter 8 and dais section.
18-4.1" Isolation from Cargo Tanks. O n all tank vessels, all
accommodation spaces shall normally be positioned aft of all
cargo tanks, slop tanks, and spaces wlfich isolate cargo or slop
tanks from machinery spaces.
18-4.1.2 Accommodation spaces shall not be situated above cargo
spaces.
Exception: RO/RO vessels and open-deck cargo spaces.
18-4.2" Isolation from Deck Spills. O n tank vessels, a means shall
be provided to keep deck spills away from rite accommodation and
service areas.
18-4.$ Openings. In tank vessels, access doors, air inlets, and
openings to accommodation spaces shall n o t face the cargo area.
They shall be located on die transverse bulkhead n o t facing tile
cargo area or on die outboard side of die superstructure or
deckhouse at a distance of at least 4 percent of die length of die
ship but not less daan $ m (9.8 ft) from die end of fine
superstructure or cldlonse facing die cargo area. This distance
simll not be requ.:i ~':..~ exceed 5 m (16.4 It).
18-4.4 W i n d ~ i t Sidescuttles. Windows a n d sidescuttles facing
die cargo ~ the sides o f die superstructures and
deckhm~dtil ~i~imits specified above shall be o f die fixed,
;i~:.~.Bdows and sidescuttles in file first tier
on fl.,/~.~"maifi~~tle ck all'~tted with inside covers of steel or odler
e .%:~let~-i:materi
~:::..
• -:::.:~,.%..:::, .,.':.~:.:~::..
Medical spaces shall be in accordance with
Service spaces shall be in accordance widl
~i~':"18-7 ..]~l'ectrical
- and Control Spaces. Electrical and control spaces
~i.shaU
:::,:x.~::. he in accordance widi Calapter 11.
:ji-'];~-8 Engineering and Machinery Spaces. Engineering and
machinery spaces shall be in accordance with Chapter 12.
18-9 Storage Spaces. Storage spaces shall be in accordance with
- - Chapter 13.
E~cception: Automatic actuation slutll not be permitted for carbon dioxide
extinguishing systems protecting manned higlvtisk storage spaces,
.).
18-10 Cargo Spaces and Fuel Tanks. Cargo spaces and fuel tanks
shall be in accordance witlT Chapter 14 and dfis section.
18-10.1 Requirements for Tank Vessels.
18-10.1.1 Inert Gas System. Tankers carrying crude oil, oil odler
allan crnde, or any products wifli a flash point less daan 60°C
(140°F) shall be fitted with an inert gas system.
18-10.1.2" Vessels carrying crude oil and other petroleum products
wifli a flash point less than 60°C (140°F) shall be fitted with a deck
foam system in accordance widl 7-2. Vessels carrying chemical
cargoes having a flash point less tlaan 60°C (146°F) shall be
provided wifll a deck foam system in accordance with 7-2. The type
of foam required for chemical cargoes and the application rates
shall be as provided in the IBC Code.
18-10.2 Requirements for Cargo Vessels,
18-10.2.1 General. A fire protection system meeting tile
requirements of Section 7-2 shall be installed in all cargo spaces.
Ex ~, tion. No . 1". Carg.o ~paces
. intended sole0 for the carriage of ore,
coa~, gram, unseasoned t~mber, or any cargo in Emergevwy Schedules
(EroS) B2, B3, B4, B5, B6, BT, B9, BIO, B12, or B14 as defined in the
IMO, International Maritime Dangero~ Goods Code.
Exception No. 2: Spaces intended solel3 for the carriage of liquids or
gases.
147
 N F P A 301 ~ A98 R O C (Reprinted f r o m F97 R O P )
18-10.2.2 Protection o f Vehicle Spaces. Vehicle spaces shall be 18-13.2.2.4 Fire Main and H),drants. A fire main a n d hydrants
~rotected wida a fire-protection system m e e d n g Section 7-2.
ortable foam e q u i p m e n t or foam hydrzmts meeting the
complying wifla 7-3.2.3 and Table 18-13.2.3 shall be installed.

requirements of 7-2.8 shall be available on each vehicle deck. 18-13.2.2.5 Fire Hose. Fire hose meeting %2.3.3 and Table
18-13.2.2 shall be provided.
Exception: Vehicle spaces which wouM meet the criteria for open decks.
18-13.2.3 Portable Fire Extinguishers. All fire extinguishers shall
18-11 Open Decks. O p e n decks shall be in accordance with be as specified in %2.14 and provided in accordance with
Chapter 15. classification society rules.

18-12 Helicopter Decks. Helicopter decks shall be in accordance 18-13.2.4 Spare Charges. Charges for 100 p e r c e n t of all
wifla Chapter 16. extinguishers that are capable of on-board recharging shall be
provided.
18-13 Vessel Services.
Exception No. 1: Where the extinguishers cannot be recharged aboard the
18-13.1 Fire Detection and Alarm. A fire detection and ,alarm vessel, I 0 percent additional extinguishers shall be maintained.
system complying wida Section 7-1 shall be installed in all
a c c o m m o d a t i o n spaces, cargo holds, service spaces, mad means of Exception No. 2: For periodically unattended engine rooms, the number
egress. of duplicate extinguishers required shall be equal to the number of
extinguishers on the most remote engine room level.
18-13.2 Fire Protection Systems and Equipment.
18-13.2.5 Portable Foam Applicators. A portable foam applicator
18-13.2.1 Sprinkler Systems. Where required, sprinkler systems unit shall consist of an air-foam nozzle of an inductor-type capable
shall comply with 7-2.2. of being connected to the fire main by a fire hose, togedaer vath a
portable tank containing at least 20 L (5.3 gal)of foam-making
18-13.2.2 Fire Pumps, Fire Mains, Hydrants, and Hose. liquid and one spare tank. The nozzle shall be capable of
producing effectwe f o a m suitable for extinguishing an oil fire at the
18-13.2.2.1 General. Fire-main hydi'ants complying with Section rate o f at least 1 . 5 . ~ m i n (396 gpm). T h e r e shall be at least 2 of
7-2 and Table 18-13.2.2 shall be provided, these units in e~:[~ f ~ space in each boiler room and in any
space in w h i ~ z ' t of file oil fuel installation is situated.
Table 18-13.2.2 ..!::.:"-ii:' "::/!i~iii~.:.~::. .
Vessel Length [ Hydrant, Hose, I tlydrant, Hose, 18-13.3 , ~ i : . . ~ g h t f ~ i ~ l o t h i n g and Eqmpment.
I and Nozzle Size [ and Nozzle Size /:~:~:i:~'.:i~::..'::~. ":.:~i~ii::..-:.i::
i Imml (in ~ I fmm~ fin ~ 1 8 - 1 ~ : 1 T~;b sets of fi'~'~@hter protective clothing meeting 7-3.1
~m~ I (ft~ I " Exterior "" I " Interior '~ sl:t~|t"be lJ~.~vided. Two::.~i'izl'~'ditionalsets o f fire-fighter protective
0-'20" [ 0-65".6" I 1 B-V I 1 B-V ¢ i ~ . . g . . s~]~i~be provided for each 1 0 0 m (328 ft) ofvessel length.
I I Extinguisher I Extin~3fisher , , , ,?:!~i!~2i~ , " ,. . . . . . . . . .
Off ¢ltl
~.~ -- t,~
I t'~ " 9,-~,. I .~ . • v I ~ ~ ~ ~ 1/9-13.3"~',~:'-'.::::~
".:::::::::.:,
corresooncung n u m b e r ot selt-contmnect nreaualng
I O ."3
, O --
" O ~,) ",q I ~,O i r a m I ,1 . 9" I qw m m [ ,1 . -,~ ¢.-':......
: app,aratus::~7-~g3Jtag .-
~-3.2 shall be pro~nded for each fire-fighter
80
, .5 130 21524 4~fifi
] .... ", - " "" I 115 65ram 2~
] "5 I 4 0 m m I 5 l,~ "~ii~i~i~::~i~::~gotective "~i~['ting set as required by 18-13.3.1.
1:~o + I qzo.,~ + i ". mm I z., [ 65 m m I 2- ":i!!:"':::~:~i~.-':'i~ii~.~i~i~::--::.: if'
~:~ii: l - ~ ] ~ - ~ e n t i l a t i o n Systems. Ventilation systems shall comply wid~
Ex c e p tion.. Where 65 mm (2. . 5 in . ) hose is required . , two 40 mm(&{: ram)
~.:+:.:.~-=::::.:-. "i~:-~ii~ectic~::'~7.4
,::.:::.. ,~. .
hose connected to a w~e_ fi~tttng shall be permitted. ::..:::.::":"'::::::::::..:..::::::: "~::-:::.
.:::'~.'.::~ "% "ii!!:.1i~t3.5Elevators, Escalators, and Dumbwaiters. Where installed,
18-13.2.2.2 Placement. Hydrants shall be located so.:~.ach..~$:::,... :~..,::::":..-~levators,escalators, and dumbwaiters shall comply wida Section
of dae ship that is accessible by the crew can be react~ied:~.~,.:$~l~-~i::-~:'!::::....-'i-i • "%7.
23-m (75-ft) length o f hose . . . . . . ::~.:.:::, "~':::':~:J'~:~::~

18-13.2.2.3 Fire Pumps. ..::!f:::.........:"~:.~i-i:?.:, "::~#~: Chapter 19 Passenger Vessels

18-13.2.2.3.1 Capacity o f Fire Pumps. F . ~ i ~ the r e q t ~ l fi~:~ 19-1 General Requirements.

p m n p s lodger than any emergency pump) sfi:~i~tave a c a ~ c i t y not
less than 80 p e r c e n t of the total required capac"r'~i~videcI~y the
minimrt.~mnumber of required fire pumps but, i r i ' : : ~ i ~ g e , not less
than 2:~ m / h r (110 gpm); and each such p u m p s h ~ q n any event,
be capable of delivering at least two required jets o~'water 50 psi
($44.75 kPa) at the hydraulically most remote point. These fire
p u m p s shall be capable o f supplying the fire-main system u n d e r dae
required conditions. Where more pumps than the m i n i m u m of
required pumps are installed, the capacity of the additional pumps
shall he to the satisfaction of the authority having jurisdiction.
18-13.2.2.3.2 N u m b e r o f Fire Pumps. Ships shall be provided wifll
at least two i n d e p e n d e n d y driven fire pumps.
18-13.2.2.3.3 Multiple-Use Pumps. Sanitary, ballast, bilge, or
general service pumps may be accepted as fire pumps, provided
flint they are not used for p u m p i n g oil.
18-13.2.2.3.4 Arrangement of Fire Pumps. Fire pumps shall be
located such d~at in dae event of a fire in any one c o m p a r t m e n t all
dae fire pumps will not be put out of action.
Exception: This shall be permitted to be accomplished by. a fixed
independently driven emergency pump that shall be capable of supplying
two j a s of wawr at not less than 40 percent of the total cz~paci0 of the
required pumps and supplying the minimum required pressure of the fire
pumps required for the vessel.
18-13.2.2.3.5 Isolation Valves. Isolation valves shall be fitted in the
fire main at poop front in a protected position and on die tank
deck at i n t e r ~ l s of n o t more than 40 m (131.2 ft) to preserve the
integrity of the fire main system in case of fire or explosion.
19-1.1 Application. This chapter shall apply to all vessels that carry
more than'six passengers. Portions of vessels that are primarily
intended for anofl~er service that also carry passengers (i.e., a cargo
vessel wida passenger accommodations for more than six people)
shall comply with dais chapter.
19-1.1.1 Group I, I1, and III Passenger Vessels. Group I, II, and
Ill passenger vessels shall comply wifll Sections 19-1 through 19-15
19-1.1.2 Group Ilia and IV Passenger Vessels. Group Ilia and IV
passenger vessels shall comply widl Sections 19-1, 19-15 and 19-14
of this section. Group IV passenger vessels shall also comply wida
Section 19-15 of dais section.
19-1.2 Definitions.
High S p e e d Vessels. A craft capable of a maximum speed, in
meters per second (knots) equal to or exceeding die following:
(a) m / s >_ 3.7 x displacement ('1667) (knots > 7.4 x displacement(
(b) displacement in m ~ or long tons.
Passenger. An individual carried on a vessel who is not one o f flae
following: (a) an owner, a representative of dae owner, a charterer,
or a representative of a charterer; (h) die vessel's master; or, (c) a
m e m b e r o f dae vessel's crew who is paid for on board services.
Overnight Accommodations. A c c o m m o d a t i o n space for use by
passengers that has one or more berths, including beds or bunks,
for passengers.

148
 NFPA 301 -- A98 ROC (Reprinted from F97 ROP)

19-1.3 Subclassiflcatinn of Passenger Vessels.

Category Number of Day Overnight Passengers

(e) Each revolving door shah have a conforming side-hlnged
swinging door in the same wall as the revolving door and within 3
1I > 1000- 3000 150- 300 m (9.8 ft) of the revolving door.
Ill > 150" l(k}O >50--150
llla >150 <450 ~50 19-2.3.1.2 Revolving doors shall be permitted as a component in a
IV <150 ~50 means of egress under the following conditions:
(a) Revolving doors shall not be given credit for more than 50
19-1.3.1 Group I Passenger Veasels. Group I passenger vessels are percent of the required egress capacity.
those vessels that operate with more than 3000 day-passengers or
carrying more than 300 overnight-passengers. (b) Each revolving door shall be credited with no more than 50
persons capacity.
19-1.$.2 Group II Passenger Vessels. Group II passenger vessels
are those vessels that operate with more than 1000 day-passengers Exception to (b): Ra, olving doors with a mluiraum 2.5 ra (8.2 d )
or carrying more than 150 overnight-passengers. diameter shall be permitted egress capacit$ baud on the clear opening
wldth
19-1.8.8 Group Ill Passenger Vessels. Group III passenger vessels
are thnse vessels that operate with more than 150 day-passengers or (c) Revolvin~ doors shall be capable of being collapsed into a
carrying more than 50 overnight-passengers. book-fold posiuon when a force that sl~dl not be required to
exceed 57!~N (130.9 lbf) is applied to wings within 7.5 cm (3 in.)
19-1.$.4" Group Illa Passenger Vessels. Group Ilia passenger of the outer edge.
vessels are those high-speed vessels th~it operate with no more than
450 day-passengers or carrying no more than 50 overnight- 19-2.$.2 Doors in Folding Partitions. Where permanently mounted
passengers no further than 4 hours from a harbor of safe refuge. folding or movabl~ge3sd'tions are used to divide a room into
smaller spaces, ~ g door or open doorway shall be
19-1.3.5 G r o u p l V Passenger Vessels. Group D/passenger vessels
are those vessels that operate with no more than 150 day-pa~engers
or carrying no more than 50 0vernight-passengem space is provided with at least two means
criteria of 5-5.1.3, the swinging door in
19-1.4 Occupant Load. Occupant load shall be in accordance the rr ~ ana one such means of ~ n ~
with Chapters 8 through 16. ! with a horizontal sliding door wrapyng
19-2 Means of Egress. Means of egress shall comply with Chapter 5
and this section. 19-2.4~-Stairs shaH comply with 5-2.2.
19-2.1 Construction Limitations. Where the boundary of an egre~ 1~19-2.4.1 ~ Stairs. Curved stairs shall be permitted as a
component is adjacent to weather deck or vessel side shell, only C ~ l ~ f l . ~ p . o n e n ~ a means of egress provided the minimum depth of
shall be required. " ~ ~ m (9.8 in.) at a point 30 cm (11.8 in.) from the
~#~trr. o ' t ~ e n d of the tread, and the smallest radius is not less than
19-2.2 Changes in Level of Means of Egress. T h e e l e v a t i o ~ e
deck surfaces on both sides of a door shall not vary by qi~Ore
50 nun (2 in.). The elevation shall be maintained onJjji~th sidelIJ~bf ]~192.4.2 Spiral Stairs. Spiral stairs shall be permitted as a
the door opening for a distance at least equal to the.~
widest leaf. Sills at door openings slmII not exceed 15 ~ omponen-t in a means of egress as provided by 5-2.2.3.7.
in height. ~ 19-2.5 Ramps. Every ramp used as a component in a means of
egress shall comply with 5-2.5.
Exception No. I: Doors required to have si ~.
flooding or load-line requirements. 19-2.6 Number of Exits.
Exception No. 2: For dec& that Imve sheer net#f~.oer, "mum 19-2.6.1 A minimum of two exits, remotely located in accordance
elevation changes shall be 75 r a m (3.0 in.). ~ # ~ with 5-5.1.4, slmll be accessible from all spaces.
19-2.3 Doors. Doors shall comply with 5-2.1 Y 19-2.6.2" Access to at least one of the required exits from areas
normally accessible to passengers and crew accommodation spaces
19-2.3.1 Revolving Doors. shall be independent of water-tight doors.
19-2.$.1.1 All revolving doors shall comply with the following: 19-2.6.3 Dead-end corridors not exceeding 7 m (20 ft) in length
shall be permitted.
(a) Revolving doors shall be capable of being collapsed into a
book-fold position. Exception.. Dead-end corridors shall not be permitted on Group I
passenger vessels.
(b) When in the book-fold position, the parallel egress paths
formed shall provide an aggregate width of 90 cm (35.4 in.). 19-2.6.4 Common path of travel s|~dl not exceed 25 meters.
(c) Revolving doors shall not be used within 3 m (9.8 ft) of the 19-2.7 Horizontal Exits.
foot of or top of stairs or escalators. Under all conditions, there
shall be a dispersal area acceptable to the authority having 19-2.7.1 Application. Horizontal exits shah be permitted as
jurisdiction between the stairs or escalators and the revolving door. provided by5-2.4 and this section.
(d) The revolutions per minute (rpm) of revolving doors shall 19-2.7.2 Horizontal exits need only be G' if the separation is
not exceed the following: between low-risk accommodation spaces.
Power Driven-Type i Manual-Type 19-2.8 Travel Distance to Exits. Travel distance to exits shall not
Speed Control- Speed Control exceed 50 m (164 ft).
Inside Diameter trpm) (rpm)
2.0 m ~6.6 ft) ll 12 19-2.9 Areas of Refuge. Areas of refuge shah meet the
2.1 m 16.9 ft/ 10 11 requirements of 5-2.I0 and this section.
2.3 m (7.5 ft 9 II
2.4 m (7.9 ft~ 9 l0 19-2.9.1 At least two areas of refuge tlmt meet the requirements of
5-2.11 shall be provided, each with enough net area to provide .$
~.6 m (8.5 ft) 8 9 m/sq[ (3.2 ft/sq) for each person to be accommodated on the
2.7 m (8.9 ft) 8 9 vessel.
149
 N F P A 301 - - A98 R O C (Reprinted f r o m F97 R O P )
19-2.9.2 A-60 boundaries and smokeproof enclosures shall not be
required when the space is bounded by voids, iow-dsk spaces,
weather or when adjacent spaces are protected by an approved,
fixed fire-extinguishing system. Only such fire barrier division shall
be required as is specified by Table 8-1.5.
19-2.10 General Requirements for Aisles and Aisle Accessways.
19-2.10.1 The width of aisle accessways and aisles shall provide
sufficient egress capacity for the number of persons accommodated
by the catchment area served by the aisle accessway or aisle in
accordance with 8-2.3.1. Where aisle accessways or ,aisles converge
to form a single path of egress travel, tim required egress capacity
of that path shallnot be less than the combined required capacity
of the converging aisle accessways and aisles.
19-2.10.2 Ti~ose portions of aisle accessways and aisles where
egress is possible m either direction shall be uniform in required
width.
19-2.10.3 Where non_fixed seating is located between a table and an
aisle accessway or aisle, tile measurement of required clear widdl
of tl~e aisle accessway or aisle shall be made to a line 50 o n (19.7
in.) away from the edge of the table. The 50 cm distance shall be
measured perpendicular to the edge of the table.
19-2.10.4 The minimum required clear width of an aisle accessway
within areas with fixed table locations shall be ~0 cm (11.8 in.).
The path of travel from any seat shall not exceed 10 m (32.8 ft) to
file closest aisle or exit.
19-2.10.5" Aisle accessways between rows of theater-t)tpe seating
shall have a dear width of not less titan 30 cm (11.8 m.) and a
maximum travel distance to an aisle or an exit of no more than 10
m (32.8 ft).
19-2.10.6 The minimum clear widtil of aisles shall be stffficient to
provide egress capacity in accordance with 8-2.3.1 but shall be not
less than 50 cm (19.7 in.).
19-2.10.7 Aisle Stairs and Ramps.
19-2.10.7.1 Aisles having a gradient steeper than 1 in 20,..~. $ ~f~...{!
steeper tllan 1 in 8, shall consist of a ramp. Aisles havi~" ~.~
.
gradient .
steeper than . 1 m 8 shall
. . of an msle ~ ~o
consist
i~#" " ~
19-2.10.7.2 Aisle stairs shall conform to the follo~.o~. ~'~:.~
(a) Ti, ere shall be no variation excee n ,
depth of adjacent treads. ~...~.Ai~!.
~-- "%2~.~.~!.
(b, reads shai, be amin mum 28 cm
(c) Riser heights shall be a minimnm 10 cm (g::.~.~"an.d a
maximum of 22 cm (8.7 in.) and shall be uniform ~'-¢gvidtin 0.5 cm
(0.2 in.) between adjacent risers.
19-2.10.8 Aisle Handrails. Ramped aisles having a gradient
exceeding 1 in 12 and aisle stairs shall be provided with handrails
at one side or along the centerline.
19-2.11 Discharge from Exits. Exit discharge shall comply with
Section 5-7.
19-2.12 Illumination of Means of Eb~ress. Means of egress shall be
illuminated in accordance with Sectaon 5-8.
19-2.13 Emergency Lighting. Emergency lighting shall be provided
in accordance with Section 5-9.
19-2.14 Marking of Means of Egress. Means of egress shall have
signs in accordance wld~ Section 5-10.
19-3 Protection.
19-3.1 Protection of Vertical Openings. Any vertical opening shall
be enclosed or protected in accordance with 6-2.4.
19-3.1.1 Galleries. Galleries complying widl the following shall be
permitted:
(a) The entire deck area of the communicating space is op.en
and unobstructed such that a fire in any part of dae space vail be
readily obvious to the occupants of the space prior to the time it
becomes a hazard to tllem.
(b) Each level of the space containing the gallery shall have two
independent means of egress.
(c) The communicating space shall be protected throughout by
an approved, automatic sprinkler system in accordance witil 7-2.2.
(d) Egress capacity is sufficient to provide for all the occupants
of all levels within the communicating space to simultaneously
egress the communicating space by considering it as single deck
area in determining tim required egress capacity.
(e) No horizontal dimension between opposite edges of the deck
opening shall be less than 6 m (20 ft), a n d o p e n i n g shall have a
minimum 100 m ~ (1000 fC) unobstructed area.
Exception to (e)*: Smaller openings are acceptable, if proteaed b3 the
metlwds detailed in NFPA 13, Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler
Syston~.
19-3.1.2 Atriums. An atrium shall be permitted, provided the
following conditions are met:
(a) No horizontal dimension between opposite edges of an)' deck
opening shall be less than 6 m (20 it), a n d t h e unobstructed
opening shall be # ~ i m u m of 100 m ~ (1000 f t ' ) .
Exception to r ~ : ~ r i . . ~ ana ep=es ~ a~ la~es~ dea ho~ a gross
oOening ~"~':~ot ~ l . . h a n 20 percent of the gross area of the largest
tha~,~ p ¢ ~ i "ofthe be~5.,~f the vessel or 6 ra (20 fl), whichever is
(b)' be required at eadl level of the atrium.
Exits Iv' enclosed from the atrium in accordance
with
w ramps shall be permitted to be unenclosed within
The occupancy(ies) of the space shall meet the
cations for classification as low or medium risk. ( See
(e) Tile entire atrium and spaces opening directly into the
atrium shall be protected throughout by an approved, supervised
automatic sprinkler system in accordance with Section 7-2.
-
Exception to (e): Where the ceiling of the atrium is more than 17 ra (55
t ) above the lowest deck, the authori 0 having jurisdiction shall be
permitted to allow the omission of sprinklers at the top of the atrium.
(t') Tim entire atrium and spaces opening directly into the atrium
shall be protected throughout by an approved smoke-detection
system in accordance with Section %1.
Exception to (J)- On vessels with no overnight accommodations, smoke
detectors may be omitter
(g) An engineered smoke-control system complying with 74.15
shall be provided.
(11) ff a mechanical system is installed to meet tlae requirements
of (g) above, tlae mechanical system shall be independendy
activated by each of the following:
1. Approved smoke detectors located to detect smoke above the
highest floor deck level of the atrium and at return air intakes from
the atrium
2. The required automatic sprinkler system
3. Manual controls that are readily accessible to the fire-party
personnel
19-3.2 Mezzanines.
19-3.2.1 Where utilized, mezzanines shall be in accordance with
6-2.5.
19-3.2.2 Stairs or ramps shall be permitted to be unenclosed
between balconies or mezzanines and the main accommodation
150
 NFPA 301 ~ A98 R O C (Reprinted f r o m F97 R O P )

areas located below the balcony or mezzanine, provided tile

balcony or mezzanine is open to the main accommodation area. Exception No. 2: Vehicle spaces that are accessible to passengers shall
not be protected with a carbon dioxide extinguishing system.
19-3.3 Vessel Construction.
19-10.3 O n Group III passenger vessels separation of fuel tanks
19-3.3.1 The hull, superstructure, structural bulkheads, decks, and from open decks shall be permitted to be r e d u c e d to C' Class.
deckhouses shall be constructed o f noncombustible material.
19-11 O p e n Decks. O p e n decks shall be in accordance wida
19-3.3.2 Main-load carrying structures of aluminum construction Chapter 15.
shall be arranged to distribnte load such that there shall be no
collapse of fine construction of the hull and superstructure when it 19-12 Helicopter Decks. Helicopter decks shall be in accordance
is exposed to fire for d m appropriate fire protection time. with Chapter 16.
Insolation shall be provided such that file temperature o f file core
o f file maindoad carrying structure does n o t rise more titan 200°C 19-13 Vessel Services.
(392°F) above flae ambient temperature (wilen subjected to dae
standard fire test) in accordance widl die times specified in file 19-13.1 Fire Detection and Alarm. A fire detection and alarm
separation requirements of Chapters 8 dlrough 16. A Class equals system complying with Section 7-1 shall be installed to protect all
60 minutes, B Class equals 30 minutes, and C Class equals 0 accommockations and service spaces a n d all means of egress.
minutes.
Exception: On vessels with no overnight accommodations,
19~g.3.3 Tile hull, superstrncture, ,arid deck houses shall be accommodations spaces that may be assumed to be noemalO occupied need
subdivided by fire barriers as prescribed by Chapters 8 through 16 only to be served by a manual alarm system.
and 6-2.3.
19-13.2 Fire Protection Systems and E q u i p m e n t .
19-4 Accommodation Spaces.
19-13.2.1 Sprinkler Systems. Where installed, sprinkler systems
19-4.1 Furniture and Furnishings. shall comply with 7=2.2.

19-4.1.1 Furniture installed in medium- ,and Io~risk 19-13.2.1.1 On:.~.~i'otqS:::t- passenger vessels, an automatic sprinkler
accommodation spaces shall meet UL 1056 Fire Test of Upholstered system c o m p [ ~ i . . ~ t h 7-2.2 or a water-mist system complying with
Furniture. 7-2.4 shall , ~ ~"ms~ . L ~ . to protect all accommodation spaces, and
an a u t o m a ~ : s p r i n ~ i : . ~ s t e m complying with 7-2.2 shall be
Exception: Case furniture constructed entirely of neneombustible install~;~i~::~i~tect a ~ ¢ ~ ' . g e spaces.
materials, with a maximum 3mm (0.12 in.) thickness combustible veneer, ~:.~::."*" ~.x:- "-~'..-~
may be incorporated with coverings that meet the requirements of 6-3.3. 1~.2.1:'.~-:: On Group .U":~md III passenger vessels, overnight
~ o ~ 9 n spaces shall be s p d n k l e r e d in accordance widl 7-
19-4.1.2 Furniture installed in high-risk accommodation spaces 2.2 ~ii~i~i~c'i~:&d wifll a water-mist system in accordance with 7-2.4.
shall n o t be restricted. "~"-i~i~i~i~:~.
• •
•"::':::::..... Exception%~c...d.Pam-
"~:~:~:~:~x-.. ":;:::::::::::~
or low-risk overnight accommodation spaces on
19-4.1.3 Mattress and bedding com p onents sball com ply wld~ 16 :..-.:<,,::::.-::...,Grou,:..:
~::::: .......... p 11I [~i,L~;¢enger vessels.
CFR 1632, Standard for the Flammabilit~ of Mattresses and Mattress "~.~;.. "<'4;~i:5:~i'i'-5:~'......
.~: ~:"
Pads, and contains no polyurefllane foam. % . . ~ g l ~ i ~ F i r e Pumps, Fire Mains, Hydrants, and Hose.
. . . . . ~::::::~-'.-::.~:'!~ ~:.'.' ., • , •
Exce#aon: Bed&ng meeting UL 1895, Fire Test of Mattresse.s.~::~ ":':S~:~:.~ :~:i,19-13.2.2.1 Fire Pumps. Power driven fire pumps c o m p l ~ n g w~fla
-- .:~" "!ff ~ . ~ 3 and Table 19-13.2.2.1 shall be installed-. - -
• • •
19-4.2 Interior Finish. ~:~:Y::.:?-x 2:.
¢ . . . . . .~ ~$~"
,...,..,.:.:...:.:.:, .,...:.:.:.:.:~::.:,. .~: .:,x-::
•,':~:':.~::.:::S:" "-.-:~i!~!~:!~#~ Table 19-13.2.2.1
19-4.2.1 Intermrfimshw~dlamaxamumflames~..r.....g..,.3.dofT-~f-"..'~a "'<" vo~ ITvna M l a a a f l T ; m M'. f~ .... ;~
maximum smoke-developed raung of 450 shali:~':ta.~tted~t~!::.:::..x ~r lh,---s ~ , - _ r -~
sprmklered accommocLauon areas. ..::::?" ~'~'.~?... ":!~ii.::.,S:" ~ ~ P ~
-- .::~:~:" ":$~::::~x &¢¢" • o o~ra
• ~'~ . . . . ~.~i.::.'~: -¢':" !I 2 600
19.4.2.2 T h e total area of combusuble fA'ce=:~, m o l d m ~ and III 9 400
decorations ' including- veneers ' shall
•
n o t exc~i:-~0
• "':":':':'.
perce~t ~':-"
of file ,..
I i I a
=Y ,~ t~A )
total bulkhead and overhead area m dilly sprmI/,tgg~.d .:.~-y IV 1 200
a c c o m m o d a t i o n spaces. "::~!!~!!!!!:"":':":~:" tro G
"%ii!!::" Excep " n No. 1: On ,roup IV passenger vessels that are loss titan 20 m
19-5 Medical, ttealth Care, and Child Care Soace~ VMedical (65 . 6 fit) m
' l e n gt h or that are vehwle
" flerrws
" , the reqtared
" ca. p act"ty shall
healda care, a n d child care occupancies shall be in " accordance " be P ermitted to be reduced to 40 lpra.
with Chapter 0.
Exception No. 2: On Croup III passenger vessels the fire pump shall not
19-6 Service Spaces. Service ,areas sh,MI be in accordance wifll be required to be located in separate spacy~ or be provided with a separate
Chapter 10. sourc~ of power.

19-7 Electrical and Control Spaces. Electrical and control spaces Exception No. 3: On Group II passenger vessels the fire pump shall not
shall be in accordance widl Chapter 11. be required to be located in separate spaces i f the space containing the
pump is protected with a fire protection system in accordance with Section
1 9 - 8 Engineering and Machinery Spaces• Engineering and 7-2.
machinery spaces shall be in accorckmce with Chapter 12.
19-13.2.2.2 Fire Main and Hydrants.
19-9 Storage Spaces. Storage spaces shall be in accorcLance with
Chapter 13. 19-13.2.2.2.1 On all passenger vessels, 40 mm (1.5 in.) fire main
and hydrants shall be installed.
19-10 Cargo Spaces and Fuel Tanks. C~trgo spaces and filel tanks
shall comply widl Chapter 14 and fltis section. 19-13.2.2.2.2 Hydrants shall be provided such that any part o f file
vessel, except void spaces, can be reached using a single 23 m (75
19-10.1 C~argo spaces, other than vehicle spaces, shall be protected ft) length of fire hose.
in accordance with Section 18-10.
19-13.2.2.2.3 All vessels shall be equipped with a shoreside
19-10.2 Vehicle spaces shall be protected widl a fire protection connection.
system meeting Section 7-2. Portable foam e q u i p m e n t or foam
hydrants meeting the reqoirements of 7-2.8 shall be available on 19-13.2.2.3 Fire Hose. Fire hose meeting 7-2.3.3 and Table
each vehicle deck. 19-13.2.2.2 shall be provided.

Exception No. 1: Vehicle spaces which would meet the criteria for open 19-13.2.3 Portable F'we Extinguishers. Portable fire extinguishers
decks. shall be installed in accordance with 7-2.12 and dlis section.

151
 N F P A 301 I
19-13.2.3.1 Group I Passenger Vessels. Portable fire extinguishers
shall be provided in accordance wid~ Section 4 / 9 of d~e American
Bureau of Shipping (ABS) steel vessel rules.
19-13.2.3.2 Group II Passenger Vessels. Port.able fire extinguishers
shaU be provided in accordance with Table 19-13.2.3.
19-13.2.3.3 Group III Passenger Vessels. Portable fire
extinguishers shall be provided in accordance with Table 19-13•2•3.
19-13.2.3.4 Group lIla Passenger Vessels. Portable fire
extinguishers shall be provided in accordance wida Table 19-13.2.3.
19-13.2.3.5 Group IV Passenger Vessels. Portable fire
extinguishers shall be provided in accordance wid~ Table 19-13.2.3.
Table 19-13.2.3
Space No. Required
Control space I for each space
Engineering and
machinery spaces 1 for each space
Cargo spaces used for
vehicles 1 for every 10 vehicles
Accommodations 1 for each 250 square
meters
Service Spaces 1 for each space
19-13.3 Fire-Fighting Clothing and Equipment.
19-13.3.1 Requirements for Group I and II Passenger Vessels.
19-13.3.1.1 A minimum of two sets of fire-fighter protective
clodfing meeting 7-3.1 shall be provided. Three additional sets of
fire-fighters' protective clodfing meeting 7-3.1 shall be provided for
each 40 m (131.2 ft) of vessel lengd~. The required fire-fighters'
protective clodfing shall be stowed in widely separated
compartments.
19-13.3.1.2 A minimum of two sets of self-contained breadfing
apparatus meeting 7-3.2 shall be provided. Three additional sets of
self-contained breathing apparatus meeting 7-3.2 shall b e ~ d
for each 40 m (131.2 ft) o f vessel lengd~. Tile required ~
contained breaflfing apparatus shall be stowed in wld~.separa~:d
c o m p a r nn e n ts. --:'<~:~.
: '.":~:~::- ..'::::'--':':-:':,-
19-13.3.1.3 On Group I passenger vessels, a self.z..c..o.otaine~:~"
breaflfing apparatus recharging station meeti~.'-"~3"~:~..laJ! I ~;:..~.~
provaded. ,#.
....~,:.::'~:,
".~..-?.
":::'i:'~.':'~::
19-13.3.2 ~ u ~ m e n t s for Gro.p m, ~ii:~i~ iv Va~g~r
Vessels Without Overnight Accommodations.:i~ii~e-figbti~
clotting and equipment shall not be required.%~i:':-~., ..:.-ii~....
19-13.4 Ventilation Systems. Ventilation systems":~l[f~:"/:omply wid~
Section 7-4. ~::"
19-13.5 Elevators, Escalators, and Dumbwaiters. Where installed,
elevators, escalators, and dumbwaiters shall comply wid~ Section
7-5.
19-14 Group IIIa and IV Passenger Vessels.
19-14.1 Occupant Load. Occupant load shall be determined in
accordance wida 8-1.6.1.
19-14.2 Materials of Construction. When fiber reinforced plastic
(FRP) is used, fl~e requirements of this section apply• The ASTM
E-84, Standard Test Method for Surface Burning Characteristica of
Building Materials, flame-spread rating shall not exceed 25.
Exception: The A S T M E-84 flame-spread rating may not exc*ed 100 for
Group I V vessels.
19-14.3 Machinery Spaces. All machinery spaces shall be
separated from accommodations, and electrical and control spaces
by bulkheads ,and decks of minimum A-30 integrity in Group HIa
vessels and B-0 integrity in Group IV vessels•
19-14.4 Overnight Accommodations. The vessel shall not have
overnight accommodations•
Exception: Overnight accommodations ma~ be permitted in Group llIa
vessels with combu.~tible barriers as prescribed in 6-2.3 provided -the
barriers meet the performance criteria of the protection required.
A98 R O C (Reprinted from F97 ROP)
19-14.5 Protection of Accommodation Spaces. Accommodation
spaces in Group IIIa vessels shall be fully sprinklered in
accordance with NFPA 13, Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler
Systems•
19-14o6" Means of Egress.
Exception: Group IIIa vessels are required to have two areas of safe
refuge, at least one protected area of safe refuge and one area of safe
refuge open to the weather, suitably protected from other spaces.
19-15 Group IV Passenger Vessels.
1 9-15.1 General Requirements.
19-15.1.1 Chapters 5 dlrough 16 shall not apply to Group IV
passenger vessels, except as specified in this section.
19-15.1.2 Occupant load shall be determined in accordance wifl~
8-1.6.1.
19-15.2" Means of Egress.
19-15.2.1 Doors. Doors shall be a m i n i m u m 860 m m (34 in.) in
widdl. Doors shall meet file swing and force to open requirements
of 5-2.1.4.
Exception.. Doo~.~es~it~e only to crew shall be permitted to be reduced
to a rainlrnum,,~]?~ ram (28 in.) in width.
,,~#'" ~ :
19-15.~.~..~ ~.~l~ali SL] meet d~e ~nimum ~Umensional
criteri;~ . 2 . 1 . "~i~z.-~...,<~
~
1~i~"i'2.$%~adders. W I ~ permitted as a component in a means of
e ~ a ~@....r shall cumply wifl~ file dimensional criteria of 5-2.8.
19-151"2~iii'""~Oeck ~Scutfles. Deck scuttles shall be permitted as a
means ,,,o ~ . - ' p r o v i d e d flley are a minimum 450 mm (18 in.) in
-~,.dth or ~ e r and are fitted with a quick-acting release and a
i~:9-15~g Capacity of Means of Egress. Egress capacity shall be in
~]i~15.2.6 Number of Exits.
19-15.2.6.1 A minimum of two exits, remotely located in
accordance with 5-5.1.4, silall be accessible from all spaces•
?. Exception: A single means of egress shall be acceptable frorn a s#ace less
than 30 m 2 (323fl z ) in gross deck area where the fiollowing ppa "lies'.
(a) The means of egress is located as far from roaching 0 spaces and
fuel tanks as possible
(b) There is no stove, heater, or other source of fire in the space
(c) I f from an accommodations space, it does not include a deck scuttle
or vertical ladder
19-15.2.6.2 Access to at least one of dae required exits shall be
independent of water-tight doors.
19-15.2.6.3 A ladder leading to a deck scuttle shall be permitted as
not more daan one of die required means of egress where the
following applies:
(a) It is accessible only to crew, or
(b) it is fitted on a vessel not more than 20 m (65.6 ft) in length.
19-15.2.6.4 A window shall be permitted as not more daan one of
d~e required means of egress where the following applies:
(a) It is fitted on a vessel not more than 20 m (65.6 ft) in length.
(b) It does not lead direcdy overboard.
(c) It can be easily opened or is designed to be kicked or pushed
out.
(d) It is marked in accordance wida Section 5-10.
152
 NFPA 301 - - A98 R O C (Reprinted from F97 ROP)
19-15.2.6.5 Dead-end corridors exceeding 7 m (20 It) in length
shall n o t be permitted•
19-15.2.6.6 Means of egress shall be marked in accordance with
Section 5-10.
19-15.$ Accommodations Spaces. Accommodations spaces shall
be separated from machinery spaces and fuel tanks by a m i n i m n m
C' Class boundary.
19-15.4 Medical, Health (:are, and Child Care Spaces.
requirements.)
19-15.5 Service Spaces.
19-15.5.1 All surfaces within 1 m (3.3 It) of cooking appliances
shall meet ASTM E-84, Standard Test Method for Surface Burning
Characteristics of Building Materials, with a flame-spread rating not
exceeding 75.
19-15.5.2 Curtains, draperies, or free-hanging fabrics shall not be
fitted within 1 m (3.~ fi) of cooking or heating appliances.
19-15.6 Electrical and Control Spaces. (No requirements.)
19-15.7 Engineering and Machinery Spaces.
19-15.7.1 Dry exhaust systems on vessels o f wooden or composite
construcuon shall comply vada ABYC P-l, Ins allaaon of Exhaust
" " t "
Systems for Propulsion and Auxiliary Engines.
19-15.7.2 Fuel lines ,and hose shall be located as far as possible
from heat sources.
19-15.8 Storage S p a c e . Paint, high-risk filels, and flammable
aerosols shall be stored in containers in accordance with NFPA 30,
Flammable and Combustible Liquids Code, a n d NFPA 30B, Codefor the
Manufacture and Storag~ of Aerosol Products.
Exception: Alcohol in containers not exceeding 10 l (2•6 gal).
- ":i:i.."~:~.?i:::::~:i::.:~.
19-15.9 Cargo Spaces :rod Fuel Tanks. (No requirements.)
.~..:..:!:~:.::~.
19-15.10 O p e n Decks. (No requirements.) .,.:~
.-:.'#::"
19-15.11 Helicopter Decks. (No requirements.) .:..#~i!~i~!~:.., 2~i~.~.:.:~!i::~.%~i"~if'ater-Based Fire Protection Systems, 1995 editibn.
. . . . ~i.".:~:~ . "~!.~.
19-15.12 Matermls o f Construction. When fibeLr...e,t.n.force~uc ""
(FRP) is used, the requirements o f this sectiq.~;-:~-'-"[i~'...~9.ply. %~i!i'.-:'.:..~•~,
e.":Y ":'*~-'.;
Exception: FRP using resin meeting ASTM.~..'.'.~.4., Standa~ii~t ~ [ i o d
for Surface Burning Characteristic~ of Buib~KCi'~.?..~aterials,W~.~.a flame~
spread rating not exceeding 100. "::'~!~i!~!::, :ii~
19-15.12.1 All service spaces shall be enclosed'::~:':.~..bulk~:~ads and
decks meeting m i n i m u m B-15 integrity. %iii!i!~:~i#
':'"
"..:.~.:~:-'
Exception: service spaces which do not c~ntain an~ co$~'ing equipment
with a surface temperature exceeding 120"C (248°F).
19-15.12.2 Electrical e q u i p m e n t including switch boards shall be
separated from fuel and water sources.
19-15.12.3 A fire-detection system meeting Section 7-1 shall be
installed to protect all accommodations, service, and storage
spaces and all voids drlt contain surfaces which may exceed a
surface temperature o f 120°C (248°F).
19-15.12.4 All filrnishings in accommodations spaces shall meet 8-
3.2.
19-15.12.5 All machinery spaces shall be separated from
accommodations, electrical, and control spaces by bulkheads and
decks of m i n i m u m B-0 integrity.
19-15.12.6 The vessel shall not have overnight accommodations.
19-15.12.7 Gasoline shall not be used for die propulsion
machinery.
Exception: Outboard engines shall be permitted to be powered by gasoline
provided the fitd is stored in an open area aft.
19-15.12.8 The vessel shall not carry high-risk or low-risk fuels or
combnstible materials as cargo.
19-15.12.9 Internal combustion exhausts, boiler and galley uptakes,
a n d similar sources of ignition shall be kept d e a r and suitably
insulated from combustible material.
Chapter 20 Referenced Pubfieations
20-1 T h e following documents or portions t h e r e o f are referenced
within this code as mandatory requirements and shall be
considered part o f the requirements o f this code. The edition
(No indicated for each referenced mandatory d o c u m e n t is the current
edition as of d~e date of the NFPA issuance o f this code. Some of
these mandatory documents might also be referenced in this code
for specific informational purposes and, therefore, are also listed
in Appendix C.
20-1.1 NFPA Publications. National Fire Protection Association, 1
Batter3nnarch Park, P.O. Box 9101, Quincy, MA 02269-1901.
NFPA 10, Standard for Portable Fire Extinguishers, 1994 edition.
NFPA 11, Standard for Low-Expansion Foam, 1994 edition.
NFPA 11A, Standard for Medium- and High-Expansion Foam Systems,
1994 edition.
NFPA 12, Standard. on Carbon Dioxide Extinguishing Systems, 1993
edition• .~:.:..
,~:2"-:".
"~':"~. "~
"~::::':~
NFPA 13, S....~: ~ . r:$::.:::.~:..
• •
. ~ for the Installation of sprinkler Systems, 1996
edttaon. ~'i!! ~:~-'.~::..
,.:~ ":::~:.~:. "::i~ii~i~i'.-~..
NFP.A.~i.~bmdarc{':~i~e J.a~staUation of Deluge Foam-Water
Sp4~"~ qd'~Foam-W~'i~'ay Systems, 1995 edition.
~ii.". %- .si-i;"
c . i ! ~ . 17#...~ndard for'Dry Chemical Extinguishing Systems, 1994
edit~ii~i~:" "-.i~
"¢~i'.'.i.'.:~..
..... NFPA l : ~ d a r d
".-'.'~:i:: for Wet Chemical Extinguishing Systems, 1994
"~:-.:~::~.~:..~l.ition. %~:.~;'
g@"
"?-'k ~'::!:~:i:i:.':::::~:/::~...:._-~
"
% ..~!::-~; Standard for Water Tanks for Private Fire Protection, 1996
%~i~ditiqJ~Y
:::.~.ii,
'~-'-:~'." ~'~i-":'::::.~PA 25, Standard [or the Inspection, Testing, and Maintenance of
. . . . .
NFPA 30, Flammabloand Combustible L~quids Code, 1996 ed~taon.
%i~":: NFPA 30B, Codefor the Manufacture and Storage of Aerosol Products,
1994 edition.
NFPA 70, National Electrical Code, 1996 edition.
NFPA 72, National Fire Alarm Code, 1996 edition.
NFPA 80, Standard for Fire Doors and Fire Windows, 1995 edition.
NFPA 90A, Standard for the Installation of Air Conditioning and
Ventilating S3steras, 1996 edition•
NFPA 96, Standard for Ventilation Control and Fire Protection of
Commercial Cooking Operations, 1994 edition.
NFPA 99, Standard for Health Care Fadlities, 1996 edition.
NFPA 101, Life Safety Code, 1997 edition.
NFPA 253, Standard Method of Test for Critical Radiant Flux.of Floor
Covering Systems Using a Radiant Heat Energ~ Source, 1995.
NFPA 255, Standard Method of Test of Surface Burning
Characteristics of Building Materials, 1996 edition.
NFPA 257, Standard on Fire Test for Window and Glass Block
Assemblies, 1996 edition.
NFPA 302, Fire Protection Standard for Pleasure and Commercial
Motor Craft, 1994 edition.
NFPA 750, Standard on Water Mist Fire Protection Systems, 1996
edition.
NFPA 1964, Standard for Spray Nozzles (Shutoff and Tip), 1993
edition•
153
 N F P A 301 - - A98 R O C (Reprinted f r o m F97 R O P )

NFPA 1971, Standard on Protective Ensemble for Structural Fire IMO Assembly Resolution Publications.
Fighting, 1997 edition.
A653 (16), Recommendation on improved Fire Test Procedures for
NFPA 1981, Standard on Open-Circuit Self-Contained Breathing Surface Flammability of Bulkhead, Ceiling, and Deck Finish Materials.
Apparatus for Fire Fighters, 1992 edition.
A472, Improved Recommendation on Test Method for Qualifying
NFPA 2001, Standard on Clean Agent Fire Extinguishing Systems, Marine Construction Materials as Non-combustible.
1996 edition.
A687(17), Recommendation on Fire Test Procedures for Ignitability of
Other Publications. Primary Deck Coverings.
ABS Publications. American Bureau of Shipping, 2 World Trade A760
Center, 106da Floor, New York, NY 10048.
A754(18), Recommendation of Fire Resistance Test for "A, " "B, " and
Rules for Building and Classing Steel Vessels, Part 4 "F" Class Divisions.
ABYC Publications. American Boat & Yacht A757
H-25, Standards a~ut Recommended Practicesfor Small Craft - Portable FP39/WP4, Annex 1: InteKm Standard for Measuring Smoke and
Containers for Flammable Liquids. Toxic Products of Combustion.
P-l, "Installation of Exhaust Systems for Propulsion and Auxiliary International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code.
Engines.
I S G O T r Publications.
ANSI Publications. Aanerican National Standards Institnte, 11
West 42nd Street, NewYork, NY 10036. International Safe~.C~ Tankers and Terminals.
ANSI A14.3, Safety Codefor Fixed Ladders. ISO Publicatio..~."
ASME Publications, American Society of Mechani~l Engineers, Fir~t-~,..~{..,.~ ~ , ~ g Materials - NoreCombustibility Test, 1990.
345 East 47th Street, New YorK. NY 10017. .

171 f i ~ i ~ w " M a~
Ma~.:..y.:::petermmatton of Calorific Potential.
ASME A17.1, Safety Codefor Elevators and Escalators.
, D ~......
i n a t i o n of~O]~tical
Density b3 a Single Chamber Test.
ASME A17.2, Inspectors' Manual for Eleveators and Escalators.
837(~ii~#"~stanee Tests -Elements of Building Construction.
ASTM Publications. American Society for Testing and Materials,
100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. mac u.s. Co t Guard Na ga ou S, Ve el
ASTM F1384, Standard Test Method for Fire Test of Marine Joiner • ,:...
"-':.~:i:i.'..~:~.?..~:..
Doors. .~-~i?,.":~2di'de to Structural Fire Protection Aboard Merchant Vessels.
~¢-;f¢;Sr~-'-.~
....

ASTM F1626, Standard Practicefor Preparing Shipboard F~ ~ l ~ ! S O L ~ Publications. Safety of Life at Sea.
Plans" .4:~!"..
,..:~.!.:~..'.:: ~:Chapter 11-2, Regulation 15, International Convention for Safety of Life
ASTM E-84, Standard Test Method for Surface Burni~ig ~ ~ t ' ~ ' ~ ,~', at Sea, 1974, and its Protocol of 1978: Articles, Annex, and Certificate
of BuiMing Materials, 1995. .::..:i~ii.:.:i:".'~!!~!~!!:::::. ~"'::i!i':::.... Consolidated Edition, 1992.
ASTM E-II9, Standard Test Methods for Fir~#ests ~ " ~ . ~g " UL Publications. Underwriters Laboratories Inc., 333 Pfingsten
Construction and Materials, 1995. ~!~.:.-"~. "::'~i~ii.::: Road, Nordabrook, IL 60062.
ASTM E-648, Standard Test Methods f o r ~ : . . R a d i a n t ~.,.x of"Floor
Covering Systems Using a Radiant Heat Energ~ "~..~'~.ce, 1995.~i~? UL 555S, Standard for Safety Leakage Rated Dampers for Use in Smoke
Control Systems, 1993.
ASTM E-662, Standard Test Method for Specific O ~ ! : . . . ~ t y of
Smoke Generated by. Solid Materials, 1995. ~i!.~i'i::" Standard for Safety number 19.
ASTM E-1317, Standard Test Method for Flammabili 0 of Marine UL 217, Single and Multiple Station Smoke Detectors, 1993.
Surface Finishes, 1996.
UL 300, Standard for Safety Fire Testing of Fire Extinguishing Systems
BCH Publications. for Protection of Restaurant Cooking Areas, 1996.
Code for the Construction and Equipment of Ships Carrying Chemicals UL 1056, Fire Test of Upholstered Furniture, 1989.
in Bulk.
UL1895, Fire Test of Mattresses, 1995.
International Safety Guide for Oil Tankers and Terminals, 4th Edition.
U.S. Government Publications. U.S. Government Printing Office,
Compressed Gas A.~aoclatlon Publications. Washington, DC 20402.
Commodit~ Specifw~ztionsfor Air, G-7.1, 1989. Title 16, Code of Federal Regulat/ons, Part 16.
IBC Publications. Title 46, Code of Fedaral Regulations, Parts 56 and 110-11~.
International Code for the Construction and Equipment of Ships Title 49, Code of Federal Regulations, Part 173.
Carrying Clwmicals in Bulk.
IGC Publications. Appendix A Explanatory M a t e r i a l
International Gas Carrier Code A-I Fundamental requirements applicable to all vessels are found
Gas Carrier Code in Chapter 1 dwough 7. These fundamental requirements are
modified as applicable for any type of space in Chapters 8 dwough
IEEE Publications. 16. The reqmrements in Chapters 1 flarough 16 are modified as
applicable for any given vessel type in Chapters 17 through 19. For
Standard 45, Recommended Practic~for Electric Installations of example, a passenger vessel would follow dae requirements of
Shipboard, 1988. Chapters 1 darough 16 and Chapter 19.
154
 N F P A 301 ~ A98 R O C (Reprinted f r o m F97 R O P )

Common Path o f Travel. A c o m m o n pada o f travel exists where a

A-l-6.1 The intention of dais d o c u m e n t is dmt the requirements be space is arranged so that occupants widfin flint space are able to
applied in daeir entirety. travel in only one direction to reach any o f dte exits or to reach tile
point at which dae occupants have dae choice o f two padas of travel
,4,-3-2 Definitions. to remote exits. Figure A-5-1.2(a) is an example of a c o m m o n
pada o f travel.
Authority Having Jurisdiction. The phrase "audaority having
jurisdiction" is used in NFPA d o c u m e n t s in a broad manner, since !
jurisdictions and approval agencies vary, ,as do daeir I t I I
responsibilities. Where public safety is primary, the audlority
having jurisdiction may be a federal, state, local, or od~er regional r
d e p a r t m e n t or individual such as a fire chief; fire marshal; chief of
a fire prevention bureau, labor department, or he,ald~ department;
building official; electrical inspector; or od~ers having statutory
aufliority. For insurance purposes, an insurance inspection
department, rating bureau, or odaer insurance company
representative may be the m~tiaority having jurisdiction. In many ~g x)
!
circumstances, the property owner or his or her designated agent
assumes dae role of dae authority having jurisdiction; at government
installations, dae c o m m a n d i n ~ officer or deparunent.al official may / " I ®
be dae audaority havingjurisdmdon.

Combustible Material. This is intended to apply to construction

materials, decorations, mad fl~rnishings. F i ~ r e A-5-1.2(a) Common paths of travel. Theportion of the
exit accegs travel for which an occupant is steeredin one direction
Fire-Rated Glazing• "l-he glass may or may not be wire reinforced. only without the option of traveling in another independent
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . direction toward a,~::exit is common path of travel. Common
I steel, l l l e means ator laentatymg nstea e q m p m e n t may vary xor paths o f travel a ~ ' ~ [ ~ ated by the dashed lines
each organization c o n c e r n e d with product evaluation; some .~:.~.:~ ~ "
organizations do not • recognize .
eou p. m e. n t as
. q .
listed
.
unless it is also . . . . . . .J~Xil~:::::...:.~,
Horizontal
:i'~'~.-::. .n o r.l z o n. u t l . . e.x i [ . s.n o u.l o . .n o t . D. e . c o n. I u s.e o . W l U l
labeled. The authority h a w n g j u n s d l c t l o n should nuhze tlae system e--ess t b r o t ~ h d~ ~:'~" Horizontal exits -rovide - r o t e c t i o n a-ainst
employed by tbe listing: organization to identify a listed product, serious~.".~"~.~ a l o n ~ r i o d of time in addition to providing
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . i m m e . . ~ ' [ ' ~ : : - ] ~ . t c ~ e c t i o n " ~ o k e . Horizontal exits are similar in
~-,t-,.o .Lzm e e n g m e e r m g / m a c n m e r y c?n.trot space ts mcatea m c o r ~ : ~ t to ~ a i n verticM.~hes but do not have restrictions on
--o
--------ea~ndine°tr]°S°lmated
from the engine room, ,t ts treated as part of the ~:,.:l::R~:~i'::."~:..:~'r
-- ,:-,.~-.'-:
!.$:.~,..e> A-5-1.2(1~ is an example of a horizontal exit.

"~iii~ii~.~:...... "::':':iiiii+.
''III Hor o t a l e x t - - - '

.X":i:..i.i~'~!ii!:::..
.......... :%i.:!!~"
."%: .f'~, I/ I
/ ,

":'::@':::~:, #":*: [ ~ HorizontAl exit

"%%:::#:" I ~ ~_/either direction

L /
A-60 is generally required for horizontal exits, but may be modified as
allowedby chapters 17-19

Figure A-5-1.2(b) Horizontal exit. A-60 is generally required for

horizontal exits, but may be modified as allowed by Chapters 17
through 19.
Means o f Egress. Means of egress is intended to be synonymous
with means of escape.

155
 N F P A 301 m A98 R O C (Reprinted f r o m F97 R O P )

A-5-2.1.2 Door clear widda diagram. A-5-2.2.2.3

Clear width //////////~,~

t Bulkhead [ ~ t "1 Bulkhead t
With tread
slope to
frontt

Horizontal
Riser Height= A + B

"///,~ ~/'/////////////////////~B ..~

Figure A-5-2.2.2.3(a) Riser m e a s u r e m e n t with tread slope to front.

Door
/////////'~
J
With tread ~.
Figure A-5-2.1.2 Clear door width. slope to .~. A Riser Height = A - B
backk ~ .~..
A-5-2.1.4.3
.,.,...:...~ Horizontal

:~.~:~,: ~'~
<, '+#:,'k "+~-::..
.:~::#:!::::+::Y.-,":.* ~'."~i~:£-;:..;*-:
;~-j~. . . . . + "*~I."7
I open ..:::.;~i
:::-,.:" ~' ~+k.. >.~.';.
~ , ~ A-j~.~.~.S(b)~ r ,.~uremeut with t r ~ slope to back.
]. ,Max 15 cm "%i~'::...:U''':~;

Tread "
~i r < E,, ~ii:'~;:;%iii~i~.........
!~:~2*'il depth

Vlax 15 cm ~::"'"::i::.:ijiiil~ ":'iii, .

/
/
"~.~.~:: ".~;~'::-

Figure A-5-2.1.4.3 Door swing into a ~ h a t

..:Jswing
Figure A-5-2.2.2.3(c) T r e a d depth.

within a recessed pocket of the corridor so as not .~:"protrude into Tread Measurements:

!
the required corridor width provide the best arrangement for clear
lassage through an exit access corridor. Doors that swing 180
egrees to come to rest against a bulkhead and do not extend into //"//////////,'~/, Tread depth
m o r e than 15 cm (5.9 in.) of required corridor width provide an
acceptable arrangement. A d o o r swinging 90 degrees to come to
rest in the path o f travel is considered as not encroaching Curvature or ~. Stable support
excessively on the exit access corridor width if not more than 15
slope here can available here
cm (5.9 in.) of the required width of the corridor remains
further reduce
trea~hh
obstructed: Any d o o r swinging into the corridor must leave
unobstructed during its entire swing at least one half of the
required corridor width.
A-5-2.2.2.1 Stair design should avoid a rise of l-to-1 ratio.

Figure A-5-2.2.2.3(d) T r e a d m e a s u r e m e n t with stable support at

leading edge.

156
 N F P A 301 - - A 9 8 R O C ( R e p r i n t e d f r o m F97 R O P )

Carpeted Stair: A-5-2.2.6.2

"! F ~ Treaddepth '

0
r- . . . . . .
Projection interferes
~ ~ with descending foot
lOft (3 m)', \
I//I ] [ii~l~ Unstable
I ~i!~ stepping
I
I
I
l

Figure A-5-2.2.2.3(e) Tread measurement with unstable stepping

surface at leading edge.

~5-2.2.4.5

Min. 12 in. (30.5 cm)

required by 5-2.2.4.5(ee- - ~

~ ( 8 6 cm) '
I to 38 in Ig6 ~ii~ "-~'~ - - OpenT/lgswithin this area must be c \ v -hour protect,
•... %~!::.. ~:.. :~:.
// + .m~.:" Openings withinthis area must be protectedfor
.....~i~..
"::~- .:-':~:: 1 Hour if < 3 decksserved
f ~,~-~ -- ~L-- Min. 4 in. (10.2 cm) ~--:.:!~:::.:,.. ..::!~- 1z\× Hour if > 3 decks served
..~.-#1"gu~.~5-2,2.6.2 Protectioa of outside stairs -- Fire resistance
;~ratin~for the bulkhead o f the 10-ft (3-m) extension is a minimum

-h'
~-~--One thread depth where
411
~ "::~$~:~:::':':
•!~.~f.4 hr. Fire resistance rating for the bulkheads within the short
ii~i~shed lines is based on the n u m b e r o f decks served by the
g~outslde stair, the same as for interior stairs.
a guard or wall existss .............. ":~'.'.'~.
A-5-2.9

l
Min. 1 1/2 in. (3.8 cm)
required by 5-2.2.4.5(b)

I -- This turi required

by 5-2.2.4.3

This or similar
, , , required by

One thread depth where t+ 1

C" -I
'
a guard or wall exists
as requiredby 5-2.2.4.5(e)) Figure A-5-2.9 Alternating tread devices.
Plan view (return stair)
Figure A-5-2.2.4.5 Handrail detaiis.

157
 NFPA 301 m A98 R O C (Reprinted from F97 ROP)

A-5-5.1.4
4
~\ /I
~1 I
A
\ I
\1

R°°m°rarl
//~oo~
/ a ~/I /
g
/
i /\
I /
ii ~I
i
(
Minimum distance = one-half of diagonal
~~.~.~....:..~ ;~"
.::!.!.,. . . . . :%,

Figure A-5-5.1.4(a) Remoteness and half diagonal rule.

A-5-5.1.4 (c).

Room "A"

Diagonal ol the
area served
Lease area
~-1/2 d minimum
- _ -'~
\ '7,
~oID

o7~
"0¢=

E~
6~ ,,Lo
,,, o
Figure A-5-5.1.4(b) Communicating openings, whether protected
or not, between the stair enclosures°

Lease space

Figure A-5-5.1.4(d).

158
 N F P A 301 i A98 R O C (Reprinted f r o m F97 R O P )
Ocato ~e~
(tan i= sc~e)
Figure A-5-5.1.4 (e).
~5-5.1.5
I Note: Figure not drawn , '
t
to scale
|
Figure A-~5.1.5 Scissor stairs. Two entwined stairways sharing the
same enclosing bulkheads are called scissor stairs. To be
considered separate exits the stairs must be completely separated
from each other. In effect, each stair's enclosure must consist of a
fire resistance rated tube entwined around the other much llke the
form of a helix. This results in space and cost savings by
~etween
ermitting the stairs to share the common enclosing bulkheads
them and the remainder of the building. With this
arrangement, two independent escape paths are created, similar to
that provided by two independent stair enclosures positioned some
distance from each other. Note the continuity of all bulkheads,
providing a complete separation at all points, the arrows designate
the direction of egress travel.
A-6-2.3.4 An example of an acceptable protective device may be a
steel shutter operated by a fusible link.
159
~6-2.4.4
Roof
8
i
7
i
6
m
5
I I
A B 4 C D
i
3
-- I
Floor I I E
I
~-2,.~4 Slffffts that do not run full height of building
~ t be capoed by floors or ceilings.
A-7. ~::7 s p a s fire-detection, alarm, and communication
syst~ ¢.~. as f i r ~ t g . ~ t l o n systems and equipment required
for ~"vessels.s. ~ ' e v e r ~ possible, reference has been made
ppriate NFP~*codes and standards provided flaey
;~;~.eapplicataons. Odlerwise, reference has been made
to ~i~ate SOLAS or CFR regulation. When die
NFPA code or standard is revised to address die
M~i.*application, it is planned to delete references to
;'f=~i:~" This can be accomplished eidler by remote starting of
ne o~dle main fire pumps widl remote starting from the
navigating bridge, engineering operating station, or fire control
g # o n , if any or permanent pressurizatmn of die fire-main system
$~ one of die mmn fire pumps, except where machinery space ts
continuously attended.
A-7-3-2.1 Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) Compressor
and Refill Station.
High pressure (4500 psi) SCBA provide additional breadfing time
over tile low pressure units a n d / o r afford file user weight savings°
On larger vessels, die operator may very likely need high pressure
units to meet file entrance/exit time demands placed upon die fire
fighters.
Where SCBA recharge systems are installed onboard a vessel or
where SCBAs can be readily recharged at a suitable recharge facility
shoreside, shipboard fire-fighting evaluations should emphasize tile
actual donning and use of SCBAs, consumption of SCBA air, and
recharging of tile cylinders. During training, to prevent exhausting
,all readily accessible and dilly charged breadling apparatuses,
dlereby reducing a ship's actual fire-fighting readiness, a ship
should maintain at least 75 percent of file ship's total units in a fully
charged and r~-ady state. Following completion of die training,
priority should be placed on getting file ship back to 100 percent
breadling apparatus capability.
NFPA, ANSI, OSHA, and die Compressed Gas Association
(CGA) provide additional maintenance, sizing, quality standards,
and air-test criteria for breadling ,air quality recharge equipment.
Alfllough die CGA requires a minimum air quality of Grade D for
such equipment, SCBA recharge systems should meet at least CGA
Grade-E mr quality wifll less allan 25-PPM water vapor. Grade-D air
is acceptable, but requiring Grade-E air will provide an air quality
margin for d~e operator. The water-vapor limit is required to
eliminate water-vapor condensing and freezing in die SCBA
regulator when die SCBA is u s e d i n cold weadler. Compressor air
samples should be taken on a quarterly basis in accordance widi
manufacUlrers' procedures and should be provided to a qualified
air test laboratory to check for proper air quality. Additional air
analysis is req~.fired following major overhaul modifications or
extensive repmrs to dae breaflfing air system.
 NFPA 301 - - A98 ROC (Reprinted from F97 ROP)
Routine maintenance of the SCBA compressor recharge system is
essenti,al to ensure proper operation of the equipment and to
ensure proper air quality is maintained. Special attention should
be given to die condition, level, and type of lubricating oil;
purification cartridge shelf/usable life; condition of air quality
monitoring equipment; and drainage of the condensate reservoir.
Only use lubrication oils specifically approved for the compressor.
Operation of the compressor in high-ambient air conditions
(90°17) decreases performance and accelerates wear and should be
avoided. Consult the mannfacturer's technical manual for
maintenance and overhanl practices and periodicity. An active
servicing program shonld be implemented to prevent excessive oil
carry-over and carbon dioxide (CO) generation.
A-7-4 Ventilation Guidance for Certain Spaces.
Dedicated Exhaust Required to Weather. Independent exhaust-
duct runs are generally required for spaces containing toxic,
noxious, or potentially explosive fumes - - such as battery rooms,
paint lockers, film rooms, ,and toilets - - or where a high fire hazard
exists such as the galley. Where dedicated exhaust runs are
required, alley should lead directly to the weather. Weather exhaust
terminals for this ducting should be located to prevent the
ssibility of recirculating exhausted air back into the vessel.
~l lere common exhaust ducting is considered, the design of the
exhaust system should consider the spaces being served and the
possibility of contaminated air migrating back into those spaces
due to failure of any required exhanst fans.
Medical Spaces. Ventilating systems servicing medical spaces
should be installed in accordance with NFPA 99, Standard for
Health Care Facilities.
Incinerator Space. The ventilation system for an incinerator space
should be a permanent, positive-pressure type and the pressure m
the space should be kept greater than the operating pressure of the
incinerator. The ventilation system for ,an incinerator blower space
should be permanent, positive-pressure type and be independent of
all other ventilation systems. It should provide a pressure greater ,
than the pressure widain the incinerator and provide at least 20 air
changes per hour based on the gross volume of the incinerator
blower space.
Battery Storage Areas. Battery rooms are to be v e n t i l a t ~ @
accumulation of f l ~ m a b l e gas. Natural ventilation ~ be "~"
employed if ducts are run directly from die top of d~.~.f"~...e.ry ~ !
to weadler. If naulral ventilation is impractical, meEharBk.':~i#~" "::i~
exhaust ventilation is to be provided with fan intagI it the't~!-gf
the room. Openings for air intake are to be p.r#~ ~........ !~i~a~rti]:~i~t'i:>-
foor. Fans are to be of tile nonsparKing ~ : : ~ q d , ] ~
completely changing the air in the batteff.~:~.9.m in ot"~i~e d~~"2
minutes. The fan should be interlocked@~ii~.~, cl rgin~::~ystem
and always operate during charging. '%iil:: ~i~"
Where battery lockers are installed, they are to ' ~ ~l~ated,4~'if
practical, similar to a battery room by a duct lead f ~ the top of
the locker to o~en air or to all exhaust ventilation i ~ct leading to
file wead~er. The duct should terminate not less than 0.9 m (3 ft)
above tile top of die locker in machinery spaces and similar well-
ventilated compartments. Louvers or equalare to be provided near
the bottom of the room or locker for entrance of air. Deck boxes
are to be provided wid~ a duct from the top of die box terminating
at least 1.2 m (4 It) above in a goose neck or other device to
prevent entrance of water. Holes for air inlet are to be provided on
at least two opposite sides of the box. The entire deck box,
including openings, is to be wead~er tighL Small battery boxes
require only openings near the top to peru]it escape of gas.
Compartments Containing Gasoline, [or fuel having a flash point
of 43.$°C (I10°F) or lower] Machinery, or Fuel Tanks. Such
spaces should maintain a negative pressure by means of a natural
supply and mechanical exhatist ventilation system. Where
mechanical exhaust systems are required, design of the system
should assure that adequate air changes are provided per
minimum requirements per Table A-7-4.
Table A-7-4
Size of Spaces in Cubic Meters
(cubic feet) Minutes per Air Change
3
< 14.2 m
(<500 fts) 2
14.2 m 3 - 28.3 m 3
1501 ft3 - I000 ft31 3
28.3 m 3 - 42.5 m 3
(1001 ft 3 - 1500 ft3) 4
3
> 42.5 m
(>1500 ft 3) 5
Electrical equipment within such spaces should be explosion
proof and nonsparking as appropriate for such equipment in
accordance widl 46 CFR I 1I. Purged and pressurized systems in
accordance with NFPA 496, Standard for Purged and Pressurized
Enclosures for Electric Equipnwnt, may also be used where explosion
proof installations are required. (See Section 7-9for Electrical Power
ystans.) Exhaust blower motors should beinstalled exterior to tile
ucting. Exhaust blower switches should be located outside of
such spaces and inEfrlocked with engine ignition switches to allow
a minimum of o ~ p l e t e space air change in the space prior to
engine smrtinN~iert"~plicable. A red warning sign should be
posted at t h ~ l . stating file same. Ventilation ducting should
conform t o . ~ e t ' ~ n g minimum criteria=
+. t.'~ -~
(a) ~ l ~ air vel:~t~..'~t-ducting less than 610 m/rain (2000
ft/~:$ :::" ":"@~
"~.~-
d ~~. i. ! Di~sions.:~..
:~.
~:~.
"i.... not g ~ a t e r than twice that of any oilier system
(c ~ . ~ t ~ l a s s boundary construction requirements as a
minir~"
(d) ICo~i~:!"" ": d of nonferrous or galvanized ferrous metal and
~:..q~C...=gas-tigh end to end
~ * : ~ " "r~ as possible to prevent air pockets
!~!.~i~:l~" ~ ' r e l y supported.
i~" (g) ,~irovided with cowls or scoops having a free area not less
~ t h a n twice die required duct size and, accounting for any screens at
~ s entrance, have no dampers and be open at all times
~.~:"
Where engines and fuel tanks are not in closed compartments, at
least one ventilation duct should be installed in the fore part of the
.,!:.-'.':.,,¢-
, vessel and one in tile after part of the vessel whereby both ducts
of '~:$~'-':~'~ should have cowl or scoops. Supply and exhanst duct opening
should not be located where tile natural flow of air is unduly
obstructed or adjacent to possible sources of vapor ignition, nor
should they be so located that exhaust air may be taken into the
supply vents.
Hazmat Ventilation Requirements. Ventilation requirements for
the stowage of hazardous materials (HAZMAT) stores is covered
under 46 CFR Subchapter N Part 147.
Machinery Spaces. Mechanical ventilating systems for machinery
spaces should be in accordance with SOLAS II-2, Regulation 15.
Pump Rooms. Cargo oil or liquefied flammable gas (LFG) pump
rooms are to have a mechanical ventilating system capable of
providing at least 20 ,air changes/hour based on the gross volume
of the pump room. Tile system is to have mechanical exhaust,
natural or mechanical supply, and ducting near the deck of the
compartment as requiredto effectively purge all areas of the pump
room. Where forced supply ventilation is fitted, the system should
be installed so as to avoid turbulence in the pump room. Fan
motors are to be located outside the pump room and exterior to
the ventilation ducts. Fans are to be nonsparking construction.
Provision is to be made for immediate shutdown of the fan motors
upon release of the fire-extinguishing systems. Refer to 46 CFR
Subchapter O, ABS, Rules for Building and Classing Steel Vessels,
Section 4/5.149.6, and ABS Section 4/5.151.6 for additional
requirements for cargo pump rooms.
Refrigeration Machinery Spaces. Refrigeration machinery spaces
are to be effectively ventilated. Ammonia refrigerating machines
are to be placed in compartments clear of the propelling
machinery and so arranged that any leakage of ammonia fumes can
escape to the open air.
Cargo Spaces.
160
 N F P A 301 - - A98 R O C (Reprinted f r o m F97 R O P )
(a) Break Bulk. Those portions of die cargo hold suitable for
carrying dry cargo, including hatch trunks and dry cargo deep
tanks, should be mechanically ventilated with independent systems
for each cargo hold. The supply air should be distributed from one
end of die hold and exhausted at the opposite, assuring uniform
air distribution without dead air pockets.
(b) Refrigerated Cargo Spaces. Refrigerated cargo spaces
should be provided with a mechanical fresh air supply system and
natural foul air exhaust system. Tile fan should have 50 percent
speed reduction with local and remote manual control. Manual
volume-control dampers should be provided for each system in
accessible locations.
(c) RoRo Cargo Spaces. The vent system for enclosed spaces
intended for the carriage of motor vehicles with fuel in their tanks
for self propulsion is to be independent from all other vent systems
and is to be capable of being controlled from a position outside
tile space. Six air charges/hour are required based on the empty
volume of the space serviced. Fans are to be nonsparking; inlets
for exhanst ducts are to be located within 450 mm (17.75 in.)
above the vehicle deck. Tile oudet is to be located in a safe area,
having regard to the sources of ignition near fire oudet. Emergency
shutdown arrangements are required to permit rapid shutdown
and closure of vent system in case of fire. Indication of loss-of-
space ventilation should be provided on the navigation bridge.
(d) Spaces Where Fueled Vehlcles Operate or Are Specially
Sulted for Vehicles. Areas below the weather deck should be
provided with continuous positive-pressure ventilation at each level
on which vehicles are transported; tile quantity of vent air should
be at least 0.3 mS/min per m ~ of deck surface area (1 ftS/min per
1~~ of deck area); ,air stratification and pocketing should not be
permitted; and an al,'um should be installed in a normally manned
space indicating loss of space ventilation. Spaces exposed to
carbon monoxide or where other h,'tzardous vapors from operating
vehicles or other equipment may accumulate should have adequate
ventilation to remove barmfifl vapors ~ l d maintain concentration ~..-'.:'~....
levels less than file s,xfe levels estab ished for workers. C~arbon
monoxide concentrauons m file holds and intermediate decks
where oersons are workintt sbould be maintained less than 50 parts '.% .,::7-::"~"::;:.'.::::.#":'.i~i
per miilion (0.005 percent'") as a time-weighted average, an.6.:::~:~:i:i:':-:..
persons should be removed from the space if tile concen*~'~'~::i~.i-:
exceeds 75 parts per raiUion (0.0075 percent). When ~essary!ili!!~
portable blowers of adequate size and location shol.....~ii~::.l.lse~::::,.. % ~-:'~"
,. x(~#.:....!!:.....~..~:..-:-~.....:::..!?...#"A-7-6 Certain electrical equipment is required to be listed by
Magazines and Ammunition Storage. Magazine...,Sp..,.a.cesa~:i~iii~::."
normally provided with blowout ventilation a ~ ; ~ . . t o lii~j~L....,.
temperature levels to 37°C (100°F). Depen.d..~lqton d ~ : : ~ e oie'::~ii~i;~:"
materials carried ,and space configuratio.n.~i~.-~;.triousven~'~:t.ion:£~i.'::"
system requirements may apply. '-"*"%i~.'..'~::.. ~..]'-:.~i.
"%!!~!i~::.. ~i~:
Requirements for magazine a n d / o r ammunit~:8~iSt.ora~:'spaces
should be in accordarme with 46 CFR 146 and 46~:?~:f34,
applicable to weapons and explosives to be transpo.'~l as cargo by
auxiliary and amphihlous ships and NAVSEA Tecl'/~]ical Manual
0938-LP-018-0010; Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning Design
Criteria Manual for Surface Ships of the U.S. Nay3.
Laboratories. Ventilating systems in laboratories using chemicals
should be installed in accordance with NFPA 45, Standard on Fire
Protection for Laboratories Using Chemicals. Power ventilation units
should have minimum characteristics of 46 CFR 194.15-5.
Duet Keels. A mechanical ventilation system capable of providing
at least 8 air changes/hour based on tile gross volume of file spaces
is to be provided. The system is to have mechanical exhaust,
natural or mechanical supply, and ducting as required to effectively
purge the space and all connecting access trunks.
Voids and Cofferdams. Voids and cofferdams on tank vessels
should be equipped with a gooseneck ventilator and flame arrestor.
A-7-4.1 For consistency and guidance only, ventilation
requirements for the remaining spaces have been obtained from
other maritime related HVAC design documents and should be
referred to when detailed system design is being accomplished.
The American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-
Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) design guidelines and The
Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers (SNA_ME)
Technical and Research Bulletin No. 4-16 should be used as a
guide when designing a vessel's heating, ventilation, and air
conditioning (HVAC) systems in terms of heating, cooling,
dehumidification, and other design requirements. ASTM F 1005,
161
Standard Practicefor HVAC Duct Shapes; Identification and Description
Design Configuration, should be used as guidance when
~e termining HVAC duct shapes, identification, description, and
related criteria.
A-7-4.3.1 Tile American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-
Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) design guidelines and The
Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers (SNAME)
Technical and Research Bulletin No. 4-16 should be used as a
guide when designing vessel heating, ventilation, and air
conditioning (HVAC) systems in terms of heating, cooling,
dehumidification, and other design requirements. ASTM F 1005,
Standard Practicefor HVAC Duct Shapes; Identification and Description
of Design Configuratior~ should be used as guidance when
determining HVAC duct shapes, identification, description, and
related criteria.
A-7-4.3.2 Magazine spaces are usually provided with blowout
ventilation and cooled to limit temperature levels to 37°C (100°F).
Dependent on the type of materials carried and space
configurations, various ventilation-system requirements may apply.
A-7-4.8 Tile preferred smoke removal systems ,are dedicated,
independent exhaust systems capable of removing smoke from
specific spaces. Consideration should be given to the design
concepts of NFPA 92A, Recommended Practicefor Smoke-Control
Systems, and NFPA .~.2B, Guide for Smoke Management Systems in
Malls, Atria, and ~ . A r e a s . Tile system should be designed to
allow operatio~.~i~ a r~'~ote location either at the main fire-control
station or at .~i~.~@lge while maintaining local operation. Sizing
of a s m o k % ~ t r a ~ system is based on tile entire free-air volume
within tl~.g ~tectd~i~.a.ce(s) being exhausted in at a minimum of
10 mi~ii~."~Jess. (~/~.'~r...v..g,ntilatlon systems can be used to
pro~i~ flfis""~,apability~ i : l e d safeguards are installed to ensure
tllg::!~nok~iigemoval per~"lhnance as noted above. When the vessel's
~i~g v~I.,3tion fans are used to remove smoke the following
critd~-~!'~'t~'~ met:
"".'~..-:.
.. (a) Sys'~-::.c...C~ntrolsare provided to allow for rapid operation
~.:!i':'. ":::~":~
~i: "-'--'-::'(.'~i:-:::~e~'t~features and local operauons are clearly marked
;"
'::~i"i#.~"(c) , ~ h a u s t smoke is direcdy to the weather
':!i~.
~i!:".:'~:.:~) Smoke removal capacity is equal to dedicated system
"-:-.x-:'," Underwriters Laboratory, I n c . (UL); Factory Mutual Research
Corporation (FMRC), Canadian Standards Association (CSA)
TP127; or another independent laboratory recognized by the AHJ.
A-8-1.4.1 For a space with mixed occupancies where several load
factor criterion apply, the load factor for the entire space can be
determined by using each criteria separately.
.4,-10-1.2Tile ltigh-risk service subclassification is not intended to
apply to cbafing dishes or warming trays used in buffet food-service
applications.
A-12-1.1 The following are examples of engineering and machinery
spaces:
Spaces containing pipes, hose, or processing equipment handling
pressurized flammable or combustible liquids or gases including
fuel oil, lubrication oil, hydraulic oil, or ammonia; internal
combustion engines: boiler rooms; motor rooms; incinerator
rooms.
A-12-1.2 Manned spaces are normally occupied by crew or others.
Unmanned spaces are not normally occupied while a vessel is
underway or in port. However, they are at times occupied and the
occasional manning of the space may correspond to maintenance,
inspection, response to abnormal condition alarms, or other
situations.
A-12-2.2 Passenger vessels complying with recent SOL/US provisions
will be fitted with semi-water-tight doors in some areas immediately
above the margin line.
A-12-3.2.2 Fire-extinguishing systems may utilize compressed gas,
electric pumps, diesel pumps, or other means to convey the fire-
extingatishing agent to the protected space. When electric pumps
are used, fliey may be provided wiflr power from dre ship's service
generators. These generators, their wiring, or associated
switchgear will likely be disabled by a fire or by associated fuel and
 N F P A 301 ~ A98 R O C (Reprinted f r o m F97 R O P )

lube oil shutdowns assodated with a fire. Therefore, primary (f) The deck-foam system is not intended to provide
sources of electrical or sbaft power from within the protected space extinguishment, suppression, or to control casualties resulting
are inherently unreliable. Compressed gas stored within d~e from explosions or collisions
protected space is subject to fire impingement. In order to ensure
dlat a machinery space fire, directly below large numbers of (g) The deck-foam system should be robust and arranged to
passengers or on a tank vessel, does not expand and become a widastand die effects of weadaer, vibration, corrosion, strain, and
major loss of life incident or major marine environmental disaster, impact
redundant sources of power from outside the machinery space are
required. A-19-1.3.4 The Group Ilia passenger vessel grouping is based on
identifying a vessel type daat would be used as an IMO Category-A
A-12-3.5 Maclfinery spaces should be provided wida emergency Craft ( IMO International Code of Safety for High Speed Craft, 1.4• 10).
escape breadfing devices (EEBDs) for use by die crew in die event Tiffs separate classification allows for flae high si)eed nature and
of a fire for die purpose of escape. EEBDs should be accessible limited route of operation of file craft, and the hght weight
along egress routes and watcb stations (control stations, lower construction flint may be combustible (fiberglass, fiber reinforced
engine room, generator flat, etc.). plastic (FRP), composite) or combinations of combustible and
noncombustible construction. Classification as Group IIIa
A-12-5.2 Openings between macltinery spaces or machinery space passenger vessel would be at d~e discretion of d~e designer.
casings have traditionally been an avenue for smoke or fire to
spread into d~e vessel. Of particular note are cases where openings A-19-2.6.2 Normally accessible areas may include accommodation
allowed smoke to fill passenger stairs and, in one case (in 1995), spaces; medical, heaitll care, and child care spaces; and service
doors between die engine casing and die deck with officers spaces.
quarters allowed smoke to end,anger tl~e lives of, and hmnper the
response of, ship officers responsible for mitigation of the fire A-19-2.10.5 LSC Diagram for aisle accessways and clear widtla
incident. (handbook).
A-12-6.4 Fuel injectors operate at high pressure and are capable of
creating atomized fi~el sprays if they rupture.
A-12-10 Incinerator spaces present a variety of hazards including
possible combinations of oil-fired burners, gas-fired burners, trash
fires, and deep-seated fires.
A-14-1.2 Examples of restricted access spaces are cargo holds, fuel Aisle 36 in. %:~i~i~)i::...~# Aisle 55 in.
tanks, and cargo tanks. . . .(91 . crn) ~ ( 1 4 0 em) . .
A TI ntent a ~ "'~ VI " M AIsle 74 in
-16-1 ~e i of the cl~"pter is to apply only to helicopter ~ : ~ ~ ,,~ (188 era)"
decks designed for routine use. It is not'intended to apply to open ~ ~ If i ql i,~.
deck areas, which would only be used in emergency situations. [[ | I I1 ~
These emergency applications need not comply with tile provisions ~..'.~.... ~ ~ [ ~ l( ~_ ]1
of dais chapter. ~ [ ]
~, :~"'~i:::.:::'%'-':::-:-... .~:"
A-18-1.1 l t ,.s t l ~ e l•n t.e n t o f d u. s c l l a p t e. r t o o n l y. l n c l u d e o c e a n - g o m g :~k~ ~:- z::.% ,.'v."'+"
+::-:,s.~' ~' :i*".~' ):!::~.
:":~¢:~':~:i::'"#:" ~ (
cargo and tank sh,ps . . . . . :.~.'......
: "~'.-:::;.~:" ...¢v ~ ~ J
..::.:.5::~:.::~:.'.-'.:::'::. ':.::i:: " /P"-'~I
A-18-4.1 Where cofferdams, cargo pumprooms, oilfne..JE~,Junker;-:.:~" ~:.5 "~:.::~ ~..::::~+...., I,,.I,.._..~
tanks, or ballast tanks can be isolated from a c c o m m . . . . ~ n s ~ : . % ~-~'~" v
and an equivalent standard can demonstrate dmt a s ~ t a g '•_-: [ ' ~ [ l ~ @ . :"~$:-' ~ " .:-~-" Fire,re z~. . A-19-9 . . 10 5ta~
~ • Seatiuot~ at tables abuttino ~ an aisle •
a deck or bulkhead would not permit the entry o ~ or f ( :~~-~:.=:5: ""
from die cargo tanks into die accommodado~.:t..:..[..:~.is ":"~!.~ ¢:.... ,
requirement may be waived by allowing ac¢.6~:tmod~#.pace'~ii~ '~" I Table ]
be positioned f o r ~ d of cargo t~mks, s l o ~ k s , and s ~ s d~: I-- <12 ft (3.7 m) - - ~ ~ <12 ft (3.7 m) ~1
isolate cargo or slop tanks from machirr~l-~,"" e s . %. ; : "~i~'~....~.::2 I ~ H , . . . ~ ~
A-18-4.2 Tiffs may be accomplished by provisi6~.!~a p ~ a n e n t
continuous coaming of a suitable height extendid~i~L~,~" side to ~.'`.:~!:!~?.!~!~;.~.~..~;.:~.~i?~....~..~.~.~.....~.~.$.~.$.~.~.~...:~..~$~$~9~s~<$~!:~*~s!$!~:~:~
--~
side. Special consideration shall be given to tile a r ~ ' g e m e n t s I I~
associated wid~ stem loading, vS" [ Table ]-> 12 in.
30.5
A-18-10.1.2 Deck-foam systems should provide die following cm)
minimum performance:
F i g u r e A - 1 9 - 2 . 1 0 . 5 ( b ) A i s l e a e c e s s w a y width > 12 in. (30.5 c m ) with
(a) Extinguish deck spill fires and maintain a foam blanket after i n c r e a s e d s p a c i n g o f 0.5 in. ( 1 . $ c m ) f o r e a c h a d d i t i o n a l 12 in.
die fire while hot metal cools (30.5 c m ) o f a i s l e a c c e s s w a y b e y o n d initial 12 ft (3.7 m ) f r o m
c e n t e r o f s e a t f u r t h e s t f r o m a n aisle.
(b) Control or suppress cargo manifold fires
A-19-3.1.1 [Exception to (e)] This requires a draft stop extending
(ca Suppress or control tank fires involving a portion of the cargo down below the ceiling into the lower space 46 cm (18 in.) deep
area assuming that the top of tlae tank(s) witlfin the design area are surrounding the opening and automatic sprinklers fitted at not
open to weather and the trajectory of the foam is not obstructed more than 1.8 m (6 ft) intervals around die perimeter.
(d) Provideprotection for the crew while arrangements are being A-19-14.6 A fundamental difference between means of egress for
made to abandon ship Group Ilia passenger vessels a n d Group I, II, and Ill passenger
vessels is daat safe refuge is not required for passengers. Egress is
(e) During ligbtering operations, the deck-fomn system should considered to be directly into life-saving appliances.
protect tile exposed vessel from fires on an adjacent ship while
preparations are made to get die exposed vessel under way A-19-15.2 A fundamental difference between means of egress for
Group IV passenger vessels and Group l, II, and IIl passenger
vessels is dlat safe refiJge is not required for passengers. Egress is
considered to be directly into life-saving appliances.

162
 NFPA 301 - - A98 R O C (Reprinted from F97 ROP)
Appendix B Equivalency and Marine Safety Assessment
Table of Contents
1. Introduction
2. Definitions
$. Methodology
4. Novel Design Features and Code Deviations
4-1.1 General
4-2.1 Novel Vessel Design
4-2.2 Code Deviations ~ Systems
4-2.~ Code Deviations I Components
4-2.4 Code Deviations - - Materials
5. Hazard Analysis Techniques and Sample Work Forms
6. Selection of Hazard Analysis Technique
7. Inputs to Hazard Analysis
%1.1 Databases and Standards
%1.2 Testing and Research Results
%1.~ Casualty Investigations
7-1.4 Calculations
7-2 Vessel Physical Data
7-3 Vessel/System Design and Operation Assumptions
7-4 Vessel/System Operating Conditions
8. Hazard Analysis
9. Evaluation for Equivalency
9-1.1 Determination of file Initial Hazardous Event
9-1.2 Probability of Ignition
9-1.~ Fire Growth/Explosion Hazard Potential
9-1.4 Consequence of Event
10. Documentation of Equivalence
Section I ~ Introduction.
B-I.1 The main method of assuring fire and life safety of a vessel is
by adherence to good design, coupled with the use of recognized
construction techniques and materials, followed by regular
inspection and maintenance. Design, construction, and materials
criteria are set out in the codes. Prescriptive codes have the
advantages of applying to a hroad segment of the marine industry,
being familiar to the design community, relying on established
design methods, and being more easily enforced. In many cases,
however, greater design flexibility is required, or specific fire
protection requiremenm should be developed for a specific
application not considered by the code.
B-I.2 This appendix is intended to allow the vessel, ~r al~g~
operator to comply with the Co&for S a f ~ to L/~jfi
Merchant V~sds, NFPA $01, while accommodati
vessel or incorporating new or transfer
approach used is to demonstrate the ae
alternative through the development of a ~cl
case. Tlds appendix provides a standar, ~ k~
framework timt may be used to estimate i f f e ~ e q u y environmental damage . means the loss of more than 25 percent of
performance of a vessel that incorporate dil ectlon
systems or features than those required in NFPA ddressed
in 1-5, Equivalency Concepts. It builds on the lay8 ~reseriptive
terms of the basic document to create a risk assess : option that
can accommodate yet undefined innovations, new or transferred
technology, different materials, or nonstandard arrangements.
B-I.$ This ability to demonstrate code equivalence in performance
or attainment of relative levels of safety makes the code a dynamic
document with a built-tu mechanism to adopt the latest in
technology and readily incorporate it in the prescriptive code for
accepted use. It permits the assessment of the proper role of
various new fire- and explosion-protection technologies prior to
their consideration by the full technical committee and NFPA
membership. It has the added benefit of freeing tile authorities
having jurisdiction from tile necessity of developing alternatives,
creating extensive lists of reservations, or developing their own
ec)uivalency process. The ability to focus these forces of innovation
vathin the code-setting framework insures the code will remain
durable and useful even beyond current forecasts of future
technology for the marine industry.
B-1.4 The general goals of NFPA 301 as stated in 2-1,
Fundamentals, in regards to the protection of life, property, and
the environment should be maintained and should be used as the
underlying precept agaimt which any equivalency decisions are
based. The goals of this appendix are to protect passengers and
crew from loss of life, mimmize the loss of property, and minimize
the impact on the environment from any fire on beard slfip.
B-I.,~ The hazard analysis techniques incorporated in this
appendix are recognized as effecuve tools used in the nudear
163
power and chemical process industries and will provide the
equivalency_ determination procem with structure, recognition, and
credlbifity. Two methods are used by the designer in supporting a
proposed equivalency; the inductive method and the deductive
method.
WI.5.1 The inductive method of :malysis is based on prediction
from observable dat~ This type of analysis tells what can happen,
not how problems are caused. Single thread anal~is methods
consider the effects of failures of an operation from the standpoint
of their components, the failure in a particular operating state, and
the effects of the components failure on the q~tem. The following
are inductive analysis methods: single thread analysis, preliminary
hazard analysis, failure modes and effect anal~is, system hazard
analysis, product hazard analysis, hazard and operability analysis,
and what-if analysis.
B-I~.2 Deductive analysis involves . .~ l a t i n g a possible failure
state of the overall system and identifying those component states
that may contribute to its occurrence. This method examines how
the undesired events can occur. The fault tree analysis is an
example of this method.
g l . 6 Wlfile an increase in fire protection to that provided by the
requirements put forth in NFPA 301 may be required, a reduction
in requirements should only be permitted by the authority having
jurisdiction . a f t e r e m ~ consideration and a determination that
certain reqmr not applicable.
WI.7 The e ~ t ~ n of the fire and explosion safety performance
of a vessel ~ . u l ~ e d on an overall understanding of the
interrel~pelgups mUl~ e n the many aspects of a vessel's design
~ims~ s~o~ ii~tion system. Passive and active fire
wlfi~:l~on ~ considered in file evaluation of
c~ent~or impact q0~ew technology.
Is. Hazardous materials are those that are
~atible, designated a hazardous substance
0 of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act,
ms material under Section 104 of the
Transportation Control Act, or IMDG Code or
[ff~mcapacitmtom Incapacitation of a crewmember means the
crewmember is unable to perform his or her duties.
Incapacitation of a passenger means the passenger requires
hospitalization.
Major Envlroumenud Damage. For vessels with a combined cargo
and bunker oil capacity of greater than 10,000 barrels, major
tile total cargo and f~el oll capacity, o r the loss of the vessel.
For a vessel carrying hazardous materials in bulk, major
environmental damage means the release of the fuHowing:
(a) Any quantity of Category-A pollutant;
(b) More than 300 1 (79.2 gad) of any Category-B pollutant;
(c) More than 500 1 (152 gad) of any C.~a~gory-C pollutant; or
(d) More than 750 I (198.1 gal) of any Category-D pollutant.
For a vessel carrying packaged dangerous cargoes, major
environmental damage meam the release of any of the above
quantities on board the vessel or into the water.
Major Property Damage. Damage in excess orS100,000.
d~b~r System Damage. Damage that results in the permanent
tug of the maneuvering capability of the vessel or the
permanent disabling of fire protection q~tems or which places the
vessel in immediate danger of sinking.
Minor Environmental Damage. An oil spill of less than 50 barrels.
For vessels carrying hazardous materials in bulk, minor
environmental damage mPmal the release of the following:
(a) Not more than 100 1 (26.4 gad) of any Category-B pollutant;
 NFPA 301 -- A98 ROC (Reprinted from F97 ROP)

(b) Not more than 300 I (79.2 gal) of any Category-C pollutant; 13. Steering gear flat
or 14. Inert gas plant

(c) Not more than 500 I (132 gal) of any Category-D pollutant. (b) Cargo and Ballast Spaces and Associated Areas:
1. Cargo holds (including refrigerated spaces, Ro-Ro decks,
For a vessel carrying packaged dangerous cargoes, minor etc•) °
environmental damage means the containment of the release of any 2. On deck stowage areas (containers)
of the above quantities on board the vessel or into the water. 3. Cargo tanks
4. Cargo manifolds
Minor Property Damage. Damage amounting to less than $25,000. 5. Cargo control room
6. Ballast tanks
Minor System Damage. Damage which results in a reduction in 7. Pump room
the maneuvering capability of the vessel, partial disabling of fire 8. Compressor and refrigeration rooms
protection systems, minor damage to cargo, or results in the crew
a n d / o r passengers being placed in unhealthy conditions. (c) Passenger Spaces:
1. Passenger staterooms
Minor Injury. An injury whirl1 incapacitates an individual for 2. Passenger lounge areas
more than $ days but less than 7 days. 3. Public areas
4. Dining areas
M i n o r Illness. An illness which incapacitates an individual for 5. Recreation areas (exercises, theaters, gaming, library, etc.)
more than $ days but less than 7 days.
(d) Crew Areas:
Moderate Environmental Damage. An oil spill of more than 50 1. Crew staterooms
barrels hut not more than 2500 barrels. 2. Crew mess areas
3. Galleys
For a vessel carrying hazardous materials in bulk, moderate 4. Storage areas
environmental damage means the release of the following: 5. Navigating sta~on
6. Other r e c r e ~ e a s
(a) More than 10O I (26.4 gal) but not more than 300 I (79.2 gal) 7• Radio rooJff' "!~-
of any Category-B pollutant;
(e)
(b) More than 300 i (79.2 gal) but not more than 500 I (132 gal) 1. Fu~
of any Category-C pollutant; or 2.
(c) More than 500 I (132 gal) but not more than 750 I (198.1 gal)
of any C.ategory-D pollutant.
6• " * ~ ' h 6 ~ es
For a vessel carrying packaged, dangerous cargoes, moderate 7 • ~ , o"'~
, o ms
environmental damage means the release of ,any of the above
quantities on board the vessel into the water. ~.¢.'.~.~.1.1 In ~ l u a t i n g these fire and explosion scenarios, the
, "~..(,.,s~$uld consider tile initiating event, the nature and
Moderate Property Damage. Damage in excess of $25,000 but less . ~ . o n of tile fuel and fire loads, the ignition sources, tl, e
than $100,000. ,.-........, ~$~2pace~ntilation characteristics, the location of occupants, and the
• ~:~.~: %condition of tile structure.
Moderate System Damage. Damage that results m t l g ~
interruption m fine maneuvering capability of the v e , , ~ . ' ~ "~"~: ~g~.l.2 In addition, several fire scenarios can lead to explosions
temporary disabling of fire protection systems for up to ~ ~_~iute~b~ aboard shio. Tile designer, when considering fire scenarios,
should evaJuate whether the fire scenario either causes an
Section 3 -- Assumptions. ..:~'~ ~'~':'~.x, ~% explosion or creates &e conditions for an explosion to occur.
Likewise, many explosion scenarios can lead to fires and the
The following assumptions should be d4¢~":~'~.
~nstrated i~ig
~ epa~ g designer should evaluate these scenarios as well•
the laazard analysis and risk assessment:
Section 5 ~ Methodology.
(a) Tiae sitip's crew is completely familiar wila r~' < ~ :~~ment
of the ship and how to use the fire-fighting equiI ~ ~d systems B-5.1 In order to determine equivalency, a hazard analysis ,and risk
on board. ~: assessment methodology should be used.
(b) Fire protection systems have been serviced and properly B-5.1.1 Hazard analysis examines the possible dangerous events
maintained and thus will be properly closed and remain closed. associated with an activity (identification of hazards) and looks at
the magnitude of the event.
(c) Fire doors and other closures will be properly closed and
remain closed. B-5.1.2 Risk assessment assesses the chance of the event occurring,
examines the consequences of the event, and determines whether
Section 4 -- Fire and Explosion Scenarios.* the outcome can be tolerated. If the outcome cannot be tolerated,
risk assessment requires that action should be taken to either
B-4.1 In conducting the hazard analysis, the designer is reqvired to mitigate the outcome or reduce the likelihood of its occurrence.
consider the impact of several different types of fires or explosion The frequency of occurrence is based on historical data, operating
situations. At a minimum, the designer should consider the effect experience for similar systems and vessels, and expert judgment.
of the novel design or code deviation on fires in the following
locations and d~e events inidating them: B-5.2 The methodology begins with the identification of a code
deviation. Code deviations are as follows:
(a) Machinery Space Fires:
1. Generator (a) Differences in vessel function, design, operation, materials,
2. Main engine (including fi~el/lube oil leaks, scavenge spaces, and maintenance from code requirements
turbo blowers, and uptakes)
3. Crankcase explosion (b) Differences in systems design from code requirements
4. Switchboard
5. Boiler (fired ,and waste heat, including uptakes) (c) The use of components that are alternatives to those in the
6 . Bilge area code or proposed by the designer for purposes other than those
7. Any other areas wl~ere oil is likely to leak accepted by the code
8. Fan rooms
9. Auxiliary machinery space (refrigeration machinery room) B-5.g Once the code deviation has been identified, the most
10. Oil purifier room important part of the equivalency process takes place: determining
11. Workshop the impact of the code deviation on the vessel design and
12. Control room operauon, which systems it has affected, and how the code
164
 N F P A 301 i
deviation (in the case of a system, material, or c o m p o n e n t
deviation) has affected the system itself. This step is essential in
establishing an equivalency to the code. An example would be the
use of an alternative piping material. The designer should
determine whether the melting point of the p r o p o s e d material is
higher or lower than die standard steel used for piping systems.
The designer should also d e t e r m i n e whether the pipe is suitable
for the system pressures.
B-5.4 Smnple forms tbr using each o f the hazard analysis
techniques are attached. T h e designer should select one or more
of the hazard analysis techniques, as appropriate, to study tile code
deviation. In conducting the hazard analysis, die designer should
fully understand tile vessel and its systems. This includes die
physical characteristics o f the vessel :rod the assumptions made in
the vessel's function, design, operation, and maintenance,
including the standards for which it was designed. In supporting
the equivalency proposal, die designer may take advantage o f recent
testing a n d research, relevant data from related technical reports
and standards, casualty investigation reports, and engineering
cal cu lations.
B-5.5 The designer should examine several types of fires and
explosion scenarios identified above mad the events which should
take place for the specific type of fire mad/or explosions to be
initiated.
B-5.6 Tile code deviation equivalency is d e t e r m i n e d by
conducting the hazard analysis a n d risk assessment a n d eliminating
those conditions where the probability o f the event is too great or
the consequences of tile event are unacceptable. A direct
comparison with file design requirements provided by the code is
n o t required. Once die designer is satisfied that the code deviation
meets the acceptance criteria, tile equivalency determination
should be submitted to die authority having jurisdiction for
acceptance.
Section 6 I Novel Design Features and Code Deviations.
B-6.1 General. Whenever the code does not directly address a
particular vessel design or arr~mgement, system or component, a
deviation from the code has occurred. The items considered as
dev ating from the code shon d be fully described so that flxe~..~.~:.:.
following applies:
....#"
(a) Tile extent of the deviation can be deternfined..~.~q~iiiiii~i!'..~...
-:~
,.:::::~.:...-.~. .:.,.':=-~-~-..~.::.:.:.:.-..~.
":~"::"
(b) An analysis o f die degree of s,afety achieved....12~.the p F ~ e d
alternative can be made .-~.:::~i:':'.-'.':.
:~ff:: ....~ : : .
(c) The impact on the code required s~:.~..':'.t.'~..mscan be':~{..'.~,r m ~ d
""::="::!:~!i~!:-
The intent o f die risk a.gsessment is to d e t e r i ~ ! ~ : t h e e f f ~ that an
alternative bas on the safety of life, property, ar~i[l~, m ~ ' h e
environment. When ~ deviation is proposed or i d ~ t ~ ' c l ,
adequate data should be provided to describe wbat~::';different
from dae norm •a n d how it affects the safet , y of the ~ s s e l and its
occupants,
B-6.2 Novel V e s s d Designs. Novel vessel designs are those which
incorporate features not considered in die code or which are not
permitted by current code requirements. Examples of dais include
vessel types (vessel use/fimction, operations, maintenance, or
materials not currently addressed in the code), vessel size, new
c o m p a r t m e n t occupancies, n u m b e r o f passengers, c o m p a r t m e n t
fuel loads, propulsion systems, and operational procedures.
B-6.$ Code Deviations - - Systems. System deviations include
changes in system operating parameters, substitution of systems,
file use of extinguishing systems for other fllan accepted
applications, the use o f new extinguishing media, the designation
o f areas of refitge and evacuation routes, detection systems, the use
o f acceptance o f other than code stmadards for systems.
B-6.3.1 Code Deviations D Components. C o m p o n e n t deviations
include items used for personnel protection, detection system
sensors, valves, c o m p o n e n t design tolerances, substitution of o t h e r
components, safety components, a n d die use of standards for
c o m p o n e n t s other than those addressed by the code.
B-6.$.2 Code Deviations - - Materials. Code deviations of
materials include die materials of construction of tile vessel or of
materials used in fire protection systems and their relevant
properties. These properties include softening point (the point at
which the materials begin to lose their strength), m e l d n g point,
A98 R O C (Reprinted f r o m F97 R O P )
flame propagation rates, heat o f combustion, products of
combustion, susceptibility to corrosion a n d vibration, compatibility
with other materials, etc_
Section 7 - - H a z a r d Analysis T e c h n i q u e s and S a m p l e Work
Forms.
B-7.1 A hazard analysis is a methodical review o f a system to
predict what and how a failure will affect both the c o m p o n e n t parts
as well as the system.
B-7.1.1 The hazard analysis techniques should be conducted by
multi-disciplinary teams that have training in the techniques used
or by a c o m p e t e n t person such as a certified safety professional, a
registered professional engineer (structural, mechanical, or
electrical, as appropriate), certificated marine chemist, naval
arclfitect/marine engineer, a n d crew officers (master and chief
engineer). Familiarity with shipboard systems and arrangements is
essential. The qualifications of t h e person or people conducting
the hazard analysis should be acceptable to the authority having
jurisdiction.
B-7.2 T e c h n i q u e s for Conducting Hazard Analysis.
B-7.2.1 Systems Hazard Analysis. A systems hazard analysis
analyzes systems for laazards and potential failures which could
result in an inciden..t. By eliminating the failures, potentially
injurious or c a t a s ~ t i c events are minimized. (Seeforra.)
$~'~.......:':z~,~
B-7.2.2 F a i l ~ i ~ . d e s and Effects Analysis (FMEA). A FMEA
analyzes s ~ f~ds a n d prioritizes those cridcal failures which
may h a v ~ " ~ . j i o u s ~ : . ~ t on tile safety and reliability of a system. It
identi~?:~..~.~e failui~d~i~.la~.a:lirectiy or indirectly contribute
sign'.ItS.~ . t i ~ b a c c i d e n ~ . - . ~ a e FMEA is a tabulation o f the failure
m..:.~s afi~...:..theireffects~:i~a a vessel or vessel system. The failure
~'~,.:~es~i.~.~s how the system fails. The effect of the failure
m o c t ~ i ~ e i ' ~ h i n e d by dae system's response to dae failure. T h e
FMEA"t~.~.~..fifies c o m p o n e n t s and their functions, the failure m o d e
•$'.:::::,. for t h e s e " ~ . ~ ' n e n t s , the failure effect on o t h e r c o m p o n e n t s and
':~!!:~l..e whole ~ m , and die corrective action to be taken. (Seeforr~)
~. " : ~ . . - : . . . . . . .#'
S~ .~-~-~i:.:~¥~.ult Tree Analysis. A fault tree analysis is a deductive
~!::~-~etho~'used to idendfy die failure and condition combinations
..:.-.j:::::%~: %:whicfi'could result in file occurrence o f a defined critical
%," " ~ i ~ e s i r e d event. Beginning with a postulated undesired outcome,
~'~:-~..-.'q~.~:.~.."-$.-.
~.:Jff~ese
~.-. - .
branched
, .
networks .
of events
.
are logically
.
linked with "and"
"-'~S.'~ and or gates m c o m b m a u o n s necessary to produce the undesired
"~*~.... outcome. These events are presented so that the relationships can
~:!~i~!::, ,:, be visually evaluated. Probabilities may also be assigned, making
"::~'-".... dtis m e t h o d useful in determining quantitative probability of
occurrence. T h e probabilities may be expressed in terms of
%~ Boolean algebra. Fault tree analysis establishes the measures
having the greatest effect on reducing the probability of occurrence
of tile undesired event. Only one outcome can be analyzed on
each tree. (See for'ft.)
B-7 . 2. 4 Event Tree Anal ys is. An event tree . anal ysis is an .inductive
.
m e t h o d used to analyze the pathways leading from the cnucal event
to tile undesired consequence and identify tile barriers in place to
prevent this consequence. The outcomes considered are only
related to the specific cause being analyzed. (See form.)
11-7,2.5 Hazard and Operability Analysis (HAZOP). HAZOP is an
e x t e n d e d and more rigorous version of FMEA that includes
operational factors as well as e q u i p m e n t failure modes. The
technique focuses on possible operational abnormalities from
design conditions using standardized guide words to evaluate
system consequences for these abnormalities. It requires detailed
knowledge of file system involved a n d all its operational variables.
A multi-dlsclplinary team analyzes operating aspects of concern by
systematically applying guide words as a means of deriving process
abnormalities for every system design parameter, such as stress
level, temperature, flow rate, etc. This enables t h e m to discover
how abnormalities from die design intent can occur in equipment,
action, or material and whether the consequences of these
abnormalities can result in a hazard. The results of the analysis are
the team's findings which include identification o f hazards and
r e c o m m e n d a t i o n s for changes in design, procedures, etc. to
improve tile system. (Seeforr~)
B-7.2.6 Preliminary Hazard Analysis. A preliminary hazard
analysis is a qualitative study conducted during the conceptual or
early development phase. This m e t h o d of analysis is used to
identify the hazardous conditions and potential failures which are
evident or which could develop during operations, to determine
165
 N F P A 301 ~ A98 R O C (Reprinted f r o m F97 R O P )
dteir potential effect, and to establish initial design or procedural
requirements to eliminate or control tllese conditions and
~otential accidents. Tltis medlod examines file subsystem or
ruction, die mode, die hazardous elements, the event cansing a
hazardous condition, die hazardous condition, die potential
accident, the effect of riffs accident, die hazard classification of the
accident, and suitable prevention measures. The primary purpose
of die preliminary hazard analysis is to develop a data bank of safety
design requirements for a given system. It serves to verify die
practicability, from a hazard control aspect, of die design concept
and is useful for follow-up to ensure that all hazard conditions
recognized at earlier stages are eliminated or controlled to an
accept.able level. (See form.)
17,-7.2.7 What-lf Study. Tbe what-if method of analysis uses
cbecklists and operational or process flow charts (and diagrams)
to consider events that may deviate from file expected response.
They can include system fault, component f;dlures, env, ronmental
effects, personnel behavior, and any number of conceivable
sitnations. The objective in raising these questions is to challenge
each system component and each operational ,aspect m~d force
analysts to address die sitnation and formulate a reply. What-if
,analysis analyzes die consequences and develops alternatives. It is
the most versatile mad least structured of all die methods. (See
form.)
B-7.2.8 Criticality Analysis. A criticality analysis ewaluates file
danlage potential of faulty or defective components and
subassemblies ,as a fimction of tbeir probability of failure and its
impact on the integrity of the system or sitccessful atmimnent of the
desired goals. It is an ordering or prioritizing teclmique that
provides guidance in determining items tllat require primary
attention. Often die procedures are incorporated into FMEA
studies. Its results are useful, not only in identifying components
requiring more intensive study, but also in identifying those items
that should be closely monitored or specially protected during
manufacturing or throughout tbeir nseflfl life. (See form.)
11-7.2.9 Other Recognized Methodologies. Other risk assessment .::<~::::,... e v a l u a t i o ' i ~ s e
med~odologles acceptable to the authority bavmg.lurlsdicUon may ~i~i~.t.?.:..e.,.mo p e r a ~ , or die hazards and sources of igmtaon may have
be used in determining equivalencies. ( See form.)
Section 8 ~ Selection of Hazard Analysis Technique. ,:.::::i:i:i:::-,
.-'.:#"'~%.':':~!~
B-8.1 HAZOP Analysis may only be used for a true pr~:~ss, k':'i|~'
valid for different levels of examination ranging fro r~....~.~.z...ept\.t.~i.*.~::,... "~!i~:.(.:'~-."~::~b)Underway at full-load draft
detail design. '" "::~ii!!!~!::.,:~.:::..... "~'~i~ii::::#"
.......... "::~:-~::~?::.. "::':;:':~:" (c) Underway at ballast draft
!1-8.2 Tile preliminary hazard ar, alysis may o!#;~fi~::i~..~...!in "%i~:-.::.-,.~.s.::.
conjunction widl other metllods of risk :tss.%#iner~t. "::iii!iiiii~ii..-i:: "%i!~ii- ~:'
B-8.3 The failure mode and effects anal-~i-Ci~;!:~lsefidonl~i-~.4br
looking at hardware issues from die demiled":~l..
::......~onent...:::..'[~vel upo
'::i::':!::::-'.-. .-:::"
B-8.4 The existing hazard identification metbod~]~[.~.'~'~re not
suitable for identifying multiple combination even~i~.{~'lcluding
common mode effects (dependencies between sys~i~ms,
components and operators).
B-8.5 To determine the best analysis type for a given situadon, the
designer should consider the following:
(a) How much and what quality of information is available
(b) How much information is already known
(c) How much time is available before decisions should be
made
(d) How many people are available to ,assist in die analysis
Section 9 ~ Inputs to Hazard Analysis.
11-9.1 Vessel Physical Data. The designer should present a
description of tbe vessel - - including die vessel type, dimensions,
general arrangement, and type of propulsion - - ,as part of die
equivalency proposal submittal. The designer should have access
to the necessary plans including the following: general
arrangement, structure, structural fire protection, piping, electrical,
and ventilation.
For a system deviation, file designer should include a description
of the system and its subsystems, including a history of
performance, components, and operational characteristics [such
as maximum ,allowable working pressure, maximum allowable
working temperature, flow rates, performance standards (e.g.,
optical density for a detection system), discharge rates, etc.].
B-9.2 Vessel/System Design and Operation Assumptions. This
section includes the following:
(a) Relevant safety requirements
(b) Projected hazards and safeguards
(c) Assumed fire-fighting equipment
(d) The minimum n u m b e r of crewmembers fllat should be
available
(e) The maximum n n m b e r of passengers allowed
(0 Restrictions on die nature of die cargoes to be carried
(g) The expected duration between ports
(b) The level of operating experience on odler similar vessels,
etc.
(i) Vessel test, maintenance, and operating procedures required
to be used
This section a l s ~ - ~ o m p a s s e s training required and information
to be provided:::,~..'~:tile':~erator on vessel and system performance.
¢.:~-'.:?~,
B-9.3 V e s s ~ S ~ . Operating Conditions, A clear distinction
should b:$.,:!~e b~:.e..p various likely operational phases which
the v e ~ i ~ . i ~ ' ~ t enc~.'~.'~$L..~ong widl flleir "connected activities."
Coq.ffi~:i~ted -2~tivities a r ~ : ~ s e taking place during tile operational
p [ . ~ w h ~ affect die ~ e l . An example is when shoreside,
.~i'~i-'~xl ~ . o . operations occur while a vessel is loading at dae
t e r 1 1 ~ ] i ~ " c ~ " Each of diese pbases may have different or similar
bazard~!.conditions tllat sbould be considered during die
different machinery systems, or subsystems may
% " " ~ " ~ . g . d . ; ~ a m p l e s of dlese phases of operation include but are
-ii~:.'-. ~ S / ' l ~ . ~ to die following:
:~iii:#:" .~.~!::
!i!-5: (a) "Passenger/cargo loading a n d unloading
~'::':...::~?.-."
(d) Ancbored
(e) Fueling
(f) Operating on different routes
(g) Carriage of different cargoes
(h) Tank cleaning
The operating phases should identify normal and emergency
procedures.
B-9.4 Sources of Information and Input. The inputs to die hazard
analysis discussed below may be used by file designer to support
file selection of file factors for the ignition potential, die fire
growtb/explosion bazard potential, and file consequence of event.
11-9.4.1 Databases and Standards. The designer may use databases
acceptable to file authority havlngjurisdiction, tedmlcal
publications, regulations, codes, and design standards in
developing die proposed equivalency determination.
11-9.4.2 Testing and Research Results. Tile designer may use the
results of applicable researcb or testing to sbow the approach
selected is appropriate and fllat d'm analysis is reasonable.
B-9.4.$ Casualty Investigations. Tile designer may use die facts,
conchtsions, and recommendations of casualty investigations
acceptable to die audlority having jurisdiction to support the risk
assessmenL
B-9.4.4 Engineering Calculations. Tile designer may use
calculations based on established principles of engineering to
support the risk assessment.
166
 N F P A 301 - - A98 R O C ( R e p r i n t e d f r o m F97 R O P )
Section 10 - - Hazard Analysis. Figure B-II.2 DOCUMENTATION OF EQUIVALENCY (NFPA
Form XXX-96)
B-10,1 The hazard analysis is to be carried out using one of die
techniques described in Section 5 above. From: (Authority Having Jurisdiction)
B-10.2 Corrective Mea.~ures. Where the likelihood of fire ignition, To: NFPA 301 Committee Staff Liaison
fire growdl potential, or die consequences of a fire are too great,
the designer should re-examine rite design. The designer can
modify the deviation (i.e., lower dae system pressure, increase die 1. Submitter Information
system flow rate, etc.). Alternatively, die designer should institute
odaer measures to eliminate the hazard or to control the hazard Name
and its consequences. These include hardware-based measures, Address
procedure-based measures, and dae increased reliability of systems.
Hardware measures include extra equipment ,and revised material
specifications, active systems (such as control systems), passive
systems (such as containment systems), and refilge areas. Phone Number
Procedure-based medlods include management arrangements, Fax Number
work methods, and operating procedures. System reliability can be
increased through redund:mcy of systems, ff redundant systems are 2. Description of Novel Design or Code Deviation
used to increase reliability, tile designer should verify dlat
redundant systems will not be made inoperable by die same cattse
of failure (e.g., an additional fire pump whose power is supplied
by fl~e same source ,as fl~e primary fire pumps). The designer
shonld also make clear to the operator flint redundant systems
cannot be compromised by poor maintenance practices. Another
means of increasing system reliability is darough die diversity of
systems, that is, ensuring die same cause of failure will not affect
,'dtemative systems. 3. References tO.::~..¢. Sections Addressed in Equivalency Proposal
11-10.3 Verification by the Authority Having Jurisdiction. The
authority having jurisdiction is responsible for reviewing the
submittal by dae designer, The audaority having jurisdiction is 4. len cy Accepted
responsible for insuring dae procedures outlined in this appendix
have been carried out by dae designer. The responsibility for file
accuracy of dae submittal and dae assnmptions made rests with die
designer.
Section 11 - - Documentation of Equivalence.
B-II.I As noted earlier, one of the purposes of dfis appendix is to
provide a me,'ms of facilitating incorporation of new technology
into NFPA 301. When an audlority having jurisdiction makes file
determination of equivalence, die audlority should convey..fl:.~::.:.. )tance of Equivalency
determination to die committee so flint it may be consld~ff':~iiii[:
future revisions of this standard as an accepted prescri~i.~,e me~':'s
of providing adequate fire safety. ..:~:~."-':~i~::, ::i.'%::.'.::.:.
B-I 1.2 The authority having jurisdiction should coxlvey tl{~!iii~::.
determination of equivalency using die sampl~!-J~::.~'igu'i~'!!.:.'.,,
..::::.. • .q:.::::::::f:~
.~
=====================
B-] 1 .~. ..::::- ~.:::::::::::..::. ".:::::::~."

Signature of Authorized Official

Printed Name and Title of Aufllorized Official
"%i"::"
~s'-: Users Guide
Fundamental requirements applicable to all vessels are found in
Chapters 1 dlrough 7. These fundamental requirements are
modified as applicable for any type of space in Chapters 8 tlirough
16. Tile requirements in (~aapters 8 d,rough 16 only apply witbiu
die respective space. The requirements in Chapters 1 through 16
are modified as appropriate for any given vessel type in Chapters 18
d,rough 19.
Example: For Passenger Vessels Chapters 1 through 16 and
Chapter 19 would apply.

167
 N F P A 301 - - A98 R O C (Reprinted f r o m F97 R O P )
Appendix C Referenced Publications C-1.2.4 C o m p r e s s e d Gas Association Publication.

C-1 The following documents or pordons thereof are referenced Grade E Standard & Air Test Criteria
widfin dfis code for information',d purposes only and ,are dins not
considered part of the requirements of this code unless also listed C-1.2.5 CSA Publication. Canadian Standards Association, 178
in Chapter 20. The edition indicated here for each reference is the Rexdale Blvd., Ontario, Canada, M9W IR3.
current edition as of the date of the NFPA issnance of this code.
C.SA TP127
GI.1 NFPA Publications. National Fire Protection Association, 1
Batterymarch Park, P.O. Box 9101, Quincy, MA 02269-9101. 13-1.2.6 I M O Publication.

NFPA 45, Standard on Fire Protectionfor Laboratories Using IMO International Code of Safe~3for High Speed Craft, 1.4.10
Chemicals, 1996 edition.
C-1.2.7 NAVSEA Publication.
NFPA 92A, Recommended Practicefor Smoke-Control Systems, 1996
edition. NA VSEA Technical Manual 0938-LP-018-0010; Heating, Ventilation
and Air Conditioning Design Criteria Manual for Surface Ships of the
NFPA 92B, Guide for Smoke Management Systems in Malls, Atria, U.S. Navy.
and Large Areas, 1995 edition.
C-1.2.8 SNAME Publication.
NFPA 99, Standard for Health Care Facilities, 1996 edition.
The Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers Technical and
NFPA 101, Life SafeO Code, 1997 edition. Research Bulletin No. 4-16
NFPA 496, Standard for Purged and Pressurized Enclosures for C-1.2.9 SOLAS Publication.
Electrical Equipment, 1995 edition.
SOLAS IX-2, Regu~tion 15.
C-1.2 Other Publications.
G-1.2.10 U . S . . ~ . ~ ' ~ ' e ~ n t Publication. U.S. Government Printing
C-1.2.1 ABS Publication. American Burean of Shipping, 2 World Office, W a s h ~ D C 20402.
Tr,'~le Center, 106th Floor, New York, NY 10048. • ~ "~.:~?.:.. .
Title 4fg. ~ e of F~lRezulaUons, Parts 111,146, 147, and 194.
Rules for Building and Classing Steel Vessels, Part 4. •~..:..:.-. ~.
.J-q:" "" +:':~, "~
"~4-::-!~ ...
~'~:-'.::~. ~4"~
C-I:...~'.'t'I .Fd~eralWater ~ t , on Control Act Sectwn 311(b)
C-1.2.2 ASHRAE Publication. American Society of Heating, ~'-.:::. %: ~..
Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc., 1791 Tullie ~'"i]~'~2
• ~ . . . a r d o ~ Material Transportation Control Act Section 104
Circle N.E., Atlanta, GA 50329-2305.

The American Sode~ of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-conditioning

Engineers Design Guidelines.
C-1,2.3 ASTM Publication. American Society for Testing and
Materials, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA,:~g..8-
2959• .:::;'U""'*::~.::i.::
ASTM F 1005, Standard Practicefor HVAC Duct Sh
Identification and Description of Design Configuration,

168