2nd Year Last Night

2nd year unit 7

The present continuous
Form àèçÓjÖ]
Subject ØÂ^Ê + (am/is/are ) + v+ing
- Ali is watching TV. - They are playing football.
- I am revising my lessons

Negative îËßÖ]
Subject ØÂ^Ê + (am/is/are )not + v+ing
Samia isn’t studying now.
We aren't eating at the moment.

Passive ÙçãrÛ×Öîßf¹]
Object ÙçÃ˹] + (am/is/are) + being + PP.
My car is being washed now.
The questions are being answered at the moment by the
students.
ÝøÓÖ]kÎæá÷]p‚€îjÖ]Ù^ÃÊøÖ I M
Now – today – tonight – at the moment – look –
listen – still
Ali is watching TV. now
At the moment Soha is studying English.
¼ÏÊÝ^è÷]å„âp‚€Ù^ÃÊ_ I N
I am studying hard these days.
Dp‚vjŠÚØÃÊEî•^¹]îÊp‚¬àÓèá÷]p‚¬ØÃÊ I O
Young people are using the mobiles a lot these days.
ØfÏjŠ¹]îÊp‚€îÓÖ^géiÖ]îjÖ]Ù^ÃÊøÖ I P
Ahmed booked the ticket. He is travelling to London next
Sunday.
Mr Guirguis 1 Second Term
 2nd Year Last Night
æ]nÒp‚¬ØÃÊàÂfÃj×Öalways^Ûñ]íÛ×ÒÄÚÝ‚~jŠè I Q
àè†}øÖÐ×Î…‚’Úæ]sˆÚáçÓè
Ali is always asking a lot of questions and that makes me
angry.
Why is Huda always playing loud music? That annoys me too
much.
íjÎöÚæ]ì’ÎíéßÚ‡ìËÖp‚€îjÖ]ï]íjÎö¹]Ù^ÃÊøÖ I R
I'm working in a restaurant during the summer holiday only.

å„âstativeDíé¿v×Ö]Kíje^nÖ]EíÖ^£]Ù^ÃÊ]îÛŠiÙ^ÃÊ÷]àÚíÂçÛ¥Õ^ßâàÓÖ
 ì†ÛjŠ¹]íßÚ‡÷]ÄÚîi`i÷Ù^ÃÊ÷]
ì†ÛjŠ¹]íßÚ‡÷]ÄÚîi`i÷Ù^ÃÊ_
notice ‫يالحظ‬ believe ‫يعتقد‬ remember ‫يتذكر‬
like ‫يحب‬ desire ‫يرغب‬ measure ‫يقيس‬
hate ‫يكره‬ appear ‫يظھر‬ disbelieve ‫ال يعتقد‬
dislike ‫يكره‬ cost ‫يكلف‬ belong to ‫يخص‬
trust ‫يثق فى‬ equal ‫يساوي‬ understand ‫يفھم‬
know ‫يعرف‬ owe ‫يدين بــ‬ recognize ‫يتعرف على‬
mind ‫يمانع‬ own ‫يملك‬ consider ‫يعتبر‬
find ‫يجد‬ possess ‫يملك‬ contain ‫يحتوى على‬
wish ‫يتمنى‬ doubt ‫يشك‬ hope ‫يتمنى‬
matter ‫يؤثر‬/‫يھم‬ fit ‫يناسب‬/‫يالئم‬ need ‫يحتاج‬
stop ‫يتوقف‬ suspect ‫يشك‬ want ‫يريد‬
forget ‫ينسى‬ suppose ‫يفترض‬ prefer ‫يفضل‬
finish ‫ينھى‬ fear ‫يخاف‬ seem ‫يبدو‬
imagine ‫يتخيل‬ miss ‫يفتقد‬ sound ‫يبدو‬
join ‫يلتحق بــ‬ suit ‫يناسب‬/‫يالئم‬ mean ‫يعنى‬
start ‫يبدأ‬ surprise ‫يفاجىء‬ realize ‫يدرك‬

Mr Guirguis 2 Second Term

2nd Year Last Night
°ÃÚîßòì†ÛjŠ¹]íßÚ‡÷]ÄÚîi`i÷Ù^ÃÊ_
ï^Âì†ÛjŠ¹]íßÚ‡÷]ÄÚîi`è†}÷]îßù]æ
‫ثابت‬ ‫ﻣستمر‬
have ‫يملك‬ ‫يأخذ‬/‫يأكل‬/‫يتناول‬
taste ‫يعطى طعم‬ ‫يتذوق‬
smell ‫يعطى رائحة‬ ‫يشم‬
feel ‫يعتقد‬ ‫يتحسس‬/ ‫يشعر‬
see ‫يرى‬ ‫يقابل‬/‫يزور‬
think ‫يعتقد‬/‫يظن‬ ‫يفكر‬
look ‫يبدو‬ ‫ينظر‬
weigh ‫يعطى وزن‬ ‫يزن‬
I have a nice car now
I'm having lunch now
This soup tastes salty now
Ali is tasting the soup now.

The future Tenses

1- The Future simple ¼éŠfÖ]ØfÏjŠ¹]
Sub. ØÂ^ËÖ] + will / shall + inf.
Shall ‫( فقط‬We – I ) ‫يأتى قبلھا الضميرين‬
Will ‫يأتى قبلھا أى ضمير أو أسم‬

Will – shall + not = won't ‫سوف ال‬
Will / shall = 'll

¼éŠfÖ]ØfÏjŠ¹]l^Ú]‚~j‰]The
¼éŠfÖ]ØfÏjŠ¹]l^Ú]‚~j‰]The future simple usage
1- Future prediction D†}_ðîæ_“~E EðçfßjÖ]
†}_ðîæ_“~EðçfßjÖ]

Mr Guirguis 3 Second Term

2nd Year Last Night
- Soha will come early next Sunday
- It will rain tomorrow

2- Future facts DàŠÖ]ØnÚ Eíé×fÏjŠ¹]Ðñ^Ï£]

DàŠÖ]ØnÚE
àŠÖ]ØnÚEíé×fÏjŠ¹]Ðñ^Ï£]
- Samia will be 17 next Friday

3- Future promises íé×fÏjŠ¹]çÂçÖ]

- I promise I'll email you when I have any news
- I'll get you a present if you pass the exams

suggest |]Î÷]
4- offers šæ†ÃÖ] - requests l^fתÖ] - suggest
- will I make you tea?
- Will you lend me a pen?
- Will / Shall we go to the cinema?

5- Quick decisions îÊå„éËßiæåƒ^¡]Üjè…]†ÏÖ]E

îÊå„éËßiæåƒ^¡]Üjè…]†ÏÖ]EíÃ膊Ö]l]…]†ÏÖ]
EíÃ膊Ö]l]…]†ÏÖ]
DkÎçÖ]‹ËÞ
DkÎçÖ]‹ËÞ
- The doll bell is ringing, I'll open it

6- Threatening †è„vjÖ]
- I'll punish you if you come late again

7- If ( first condition ) ±æ÷]íÖ^£] If

- If you sleep early, you will get up early

8- Complete offer DíÚ‚¤]Üè‚Ïi EØÚ^ÓÖ]š†ÃÖ]

DíÚ‚¤]Üè‚ÏiE
íÚ‚¤]Üè‚ÏiEØÚ^ÓÖ]š†ÃÖ]
- I'll open the door for you
- I'll carry the bag for you

Mr Guirguis 4 Second Term

2nd Year Last Night
9- Key words àÚˆÖ]]„âî×ÂíÖ]‚Ö]l^Û×ÓÖ]
àÚˆÖ]]„âî×ÂíÖ]‚Ö]l^Û×ÓÖ]
Promise ‫ يوعد‬/expect ‫ يتوقع‬/ predict ‫ يتنبأ‬/ hope ‫يتمنى‬
/think – believe ‫يعتقد‬
Be sure ‫ ﻣتأكد‬/ be afraid ‫خائف‬
Perhaps ‫ ربما‬/ certainly ‫ بالتأكيد‬/ probably ‫ ﻣحتمل‬/ possibly
‫ ﻣمكن‬/definite‫اكيد‬
/definite
I'm sure, Ali will get high marks
I expect that our team will win the match.

10- Some conjunctions ¼e]æ†Ö]˜Ãe

10-
After Present Simple /
As soon as Present perfect Future
When/once
When/once ‫ ﻣضارع بسيط‬/ ‫ﻣضارع تام‬ Simple
‫ﻣستقبل بسيط‬
After Adel finishes work, he will go to the club
As soon as I drink this tea, I'll do to bed
When Soha has cooked the food, She will wash the dishes
Future After Present Simple /
Simple<
Simple< As soon as Present perfect
¼éŠe<ØfÏjŠÚ< When/once ¼éŠe<Å…^–Ú<K<<Ý^i<Å…^–Ú<
¼éŠe<ØfÏjŠÚ<
Mona will watch TV, after she studies English
Tamer will clean his room as soon as he has finished
drawing
I will phone you when I do all my homework
Simple<
Future Simple< Before Present Simple
¼éŠe<ØfÏjŠÚ By the time Present perfect
if<
Won't + if< <Å…^–Ú<K<<Ý^i<Å…^–Ú
¼éŠe<
¼éŠe<

Mr Guirguis 5 Second Term

2nd Year Last Night
Ali won't talk to you before you call him
Simple<
Future Simple< till Present Simple /
¼éŠe<ØfÏjŠÚ<
¼éŠe<ØfÏjŠÚ< until Present perfect
íè^ÇÖ<K<îju< ¼éŠe<Å…^–Ú<K<<Ý^i<Å…^–Ú<
I'll watch TV until you come
Soha won't eat till her sister comes
Evidence Future ØéÖ‚Ö]<ØfÏjŠÚ<
Subj. ØÂ^Ê + (am/is/are) + going to + inf.
1- Prediction when there is a good reason /
evidence
Øéցæ_‚éqgf‰çqæ‚ßÂðçfßjÖ]
- There are dark clouds in the sky, it is going to rain
- The road is very crowded we are going to arrive late.

2- plans ¼éŞ~jÖ]K K¼Ş¤]

¼éŞ~jÖ]K¼Ş¤]
- We are going to get a new car soon
- I'm going to play football nrxt Sunday

3- Intentions l^uçÛŞÖ]K
l^uçÛŞÖ]KíéßÚ÷]
KíéßÚ÷]K
íéßÚ÷]KÍ‚]KíéßÖ]
KÍ‚]K
Í‚]KíéßÖ]
- I'm going to be a doctor
- We are going to travel to America and stay there

4- Warning †è„vjÖ]
- Look this tree is going to fall
- Be careful! a car is going to hit you

5- Key words ( decide – intend – plan )

I decided that I'm going to travel abroad

Mr Guirguis 6 Second Term

2nd Year Last Night

The Future continues †ÛjŠ¹]ØfÏjŠ¹]

subject ‫ فاعل‬+ will / may + be + -ing
We use the future continuous to talk about actions that
will be in progress at a time in the future.
ØfÏjŠ¹]îÊ^ÚìËÖ†ÛjŠèÍç‰ØÃÊàÂp‚vj×Ö†ÛjŠ¹]ØfÏjŠ¹]Ý‚~jŠÞ
 ØÃËÖ]]„âpæ‚£íéßÚ‡ìÊæ]°ÃÚkÎ恂©ì^ÂæI
At / for / this time next ……./ from …. To …..
- I can't visit you because I will be doing my
homework this evening.
- I'll be eating lunch at 7 o'clock in the morning
tomorrow.
- Sami will be playing football for 3 hours next
Sunday.
- Huda will be cleaning the house from 5 o'clock to 7
o'clock next Monday
áçÓÞ^Ú‚ßÂmayÝ‚~jŠÞ
Use may if you are not certain: áçÓÞ^Ú‚ß ݂~jŠÞ
àè‚Ò`jÚÆ
Not sure – perhaps – possible – not certain ….
I'm not sure that Samia may be studying English
tomorrow at 4 o'clock

The future perfect Ý^jÖ]<ØfÏjŠ¹]<

(subject ‫ فاعل‬+ will have + P.P.)
We use the future perfect to predict something that will be
finished by a particular time in the future:
‫نستخدم المستقبل التام للتنبوء بفعل سوف يتم ) ينتھى ( فى وقت محدد فى‬
‫المستقبل‬
By – before – by the time + ‫زمن او فترة زمنية‬

Mr Guirguis 7 Second Term

2nd Year Last Night
By the end of next year, the government will have built
a new school in the village.
Samy will have travelled to London before next Sunday.

The present continuous †ÛjŠ¹]Å…^–¹]

Subject ‫ الفاعل‬+ am/is/are + v+ing
We use the present continuous for arrangements:
( ‫يستخدم للتعبير عن االفعال التى يتم الترتيب لھا ) ترتيب مسبق و مقصود‬
- The basketball team are playing two games next week.
- Soha bought a cake and drinks, she is having a party
tomorrow.
- Sami booked the ticket, he is traveling abroad.
We use it to express
express actions that will happen in the near
future for a period of a day as a maximum
‫يستخدم للتعبيير عن فعل سوف يحدث فى المستقبل القريب خالل اليوم كحد اقصى‬
- Today – tonight – this evening – tomorrow – in two
hours….
- Sami is leaving to London this evening
- They are coming in two hours

The present Simple ¼éŠfÖ]Å…^–¹]

We use the present simple for events or a timetable:
 íje^nÖ]‚éÂ]çÛ×Ö
- The train leaves at six o'clock tomorrow.
- The match starts at 3 o'clock next Sunday.

Mr Guirguis 8 Second Term

 2nd Year Last Night
l^Ë’Ö]<îÊ<íÞ…^Ϲ]
<V<־_<
íË’Ö]<‹ËÞ<îÊ<°jÂçÛ¥<æ]<°ßm]<°e<íÞ…^Ϲ]<V
íË’Ö]<‹ËÞ<îÊ<°jÂçÛ¥<æ]<°ßm]<°e<íÞ…^Ϲ]<V<÷æ_
Adj+er than
- Ali is older Than John
- Mona is younger than Samia
< <ier<±]<^ç©<^ßÞ^Ê<y <h<íéãjßÚ<íË’Ö]<kÞ^Ò<]ƒ]
Easy – easier happy – happier heavy – heavier
- The last month exam is easier than this exam.
-
<á^Ò<çÖ<E}÷]<͆£]<ØfÎ<Õ†vjÚ<͆<<îãjßi<íË’Ö]<kÞ^Ò<]ƒ]
< <er<Ù]<íÊ^•]<ØfÎ<}÷]<͆£]<ÌÂ^–Þ<D<Õ†vjÚ<}÷]<ØfÎ<î×Ö]<͆£]
Fat – fatter thin – thinner

<^ãÚ]‚~j‰]<‚ßÂ<”^}<ØӍ<^<æ<ìƒ^ŽÖ]<l^Ë’Ö]<˜Ãe<Õ^ßâ
< <ì‚Â^ÏÖ]<å„â<ÄÚ
< <
good < <‚éq better àŠu_KØ–Ê_
bad ðîé‰ worse _ç‰_
little Øé×Î less ØÎ_
much nÒ more †nÒ_
many ‚è‚Â more †nÒ_
far ‚éÃe farther/further ‚Ãe_
- Soha is better than Huda in writing
- Tamer is the worse than Hani in English
<er<Ìé–Þ<÷<†nÒ]<æ]<°ÃŞÏÚ<àÚ<áçÓji<ï]<í×èç<íË’Ö]<kÞ^Ò<çÖ
< <íË’Ö]<ØfÎ<more <Ìé–Þ<àÓÖ
- Soha is more beautiful than Mona.

Mr Guirguis 9 Second Term

2nd Year Last Night
- Mobile phones are more expensive than watches.
<Å]çÞ]<ØÒ<ØfÎ<îi`i<æ<less<Ý‚~jŠÞ<l^Ë’Ö]<°e<цËÖ]<Ø×ÏÞ<àèˆè^Â<çÖ
< <<more<æ]<er <Ý‚~jŠÞ÷<^ßâ<æ<ì’Î<æ]<í×èç<l^Ë’Ö]
- Samia is less tall than Huda ( less tallerX )
- Mona is less beautiful than Sandy.<<
adj ‫ الصفة‬+er
more + ‫صفة طويلة‬ than
less + ‫الصفة‬
- Samia is taller than Huda
- Tigers are more dangerous than dogs
- My mobile is more expensive than yours

<]‚q<Ùç_<ÙçÏÞ<àèˆè^Â<îßÃè<l^Ë’Ö]<°e<цËÖ]<æˆÞ<àèˆè^Â<^ßÒ<]ƒ]
< <JJ
Much/a lot / far adj ‫ الصفة‬+er
rather/even more + ‫صفة طويلة‬ than
A bit/a less + ‫الصفة‬
little/slightly
- This house is much taller than that mine
- Mona is a bit more beautiful than Soha
- Huda is a little less fat than Samia

the more/less/ ---er ……… the more/less/

---er ……
............... ‫ كلما‬.................. ‫كلما‬
- The more you waste your time, the less marks you get
…………. is the ( ….er / more / less ….. ) of
two …..
- Huda is the taller of the two sisters
Mr Guirguis 10 Second Term
2nd Year Last Night

< <superlative<íÂçÛ¥<æ<‚u]æ<°e<íÞ…^Ϲ]<V<^éÞ^m
The adj+est
- Hani is the tallest student at school.
- Huda is the youngest girl I have ever seen.
< <iest<±]<^ç©<^ßÞ^Ê<y <h<íéãjßÚ<íË’Ö]<kÞ^Ò<]ƒ]
Easy – easiest happy – happiest
heavy – heaviest
- Today's Exam is the easiest exam I have
ever had.
<͆£]<á^Ò<çÖ<E}÷]<͆£]<ØfÎ<Õ†vjÚ<͆<<îãjßi<íË’Ö]<kÞ^Ò<]ƒ]
< <est<Ù]<íÊ^•]<ØfÎ<}÷]<͆£]<ÌÂ^–Þ<D<Õ†vjÚ<}÷]<ØfÎ<î×Ö]
Fat – fattest thin – thinnest
<å„â<ÄÚ<^ãÚ]‚~j‰]<‚ßÂ<”^}<ØӍ<^<æ<ìƒ^ŽÖ]<l^Ë’Ö]<˜Ãe<Õ^ßâ
< <ì‚Â^ÏÖ]
good < <‚éq the best àŠuù]KØ–Êù]
bad ðîé‰ the worst _ç‰ù]
little Øé×Î the least ØÎù]
much nÒ the most †nÒù]
many ‚è‚Â the most †nÒù]
far ‚éÃe the farthest/furthest ‚Ãeù]
- Soha is the best student of her friends
- Tamer is worst worker in the factory
<est<Ìé–Þ<÷<†nÒ]<æ]<°ÃŞÏÚ<àÚ<áçÓji<ï]<í×èç<íË’Ö]<kÞ^Ò<çÖ
< <íË’Ö]<ØfÎ<the most <Ìé–Þ<àÓÖ
- Samia is the most beautiful girl in the club.
- Lions are the most dangerous animals in the forest.

Mr Guirguis 11 Second Term

2nd Year Last Night
The …….. est
‫'الملكية‬s most + ‫صفة طويلة‬
‫ضمائر الملكية‬ least + ‫صفة‬
- Huda is the tallest girl at school
- The lion is the most dangerous animal in the forest
- Samia is the least intelligent girl at school
- That is his most important file
<ï<æ<ì‚Â^ÏÖ^e<Ú<ÜãËÖ^e<^ã×vße<ض<îÊ<å<ÝøÓÖ]<ØÒ<‚Ãe<àÓÖ
< <jÒ<àè…^³<Ø<<îréje
- To get high marks you should do exercises more
and more
<V<^nÖ^m<
íË’Ö]<‹ËÞ<îÊ<°jÂçÛ¥<æ]<°ßm]<ïæ^Ši<V
íË’Ö]<‹ËÞ<îÊ<°jÂçÛ¥<æ]<°ßm]<ïæ^Ši<V<^nÖ^m
<íË‘ + as
as + adj<íË‘
- Ali is as young as Hani.
- Soha is as beautiful as Mona.
- Lions are as dangerous as tigers.
<íË‘ + as
so+ adj<íË‘
- Ali is so young as Hani.
- Soha is so beautiful as Mona.
- Lions are so dangerous as tigers.
The same + n. <܉] + as/of
- Ali is the same age as Hani
- Soha is the same beauty of Mona.
- Lions are the same danger as tigers.
< <í×Û¢]<àÚ<}÷]<ðˆ¢]<îÊ<the same<Ä–Þ<á]<àÓµ
- Ali and Hani are the same age.
- Soha and Mona are the same beauty.
- <

Mr Guirguis 12 Second Term

2nd Year Last Night

The Past simple ‫الماضى البسيط‬

Verb + ed
Play – played watch – watched

There are some irregular verbs ‫توجد بعض االفعال الغير منتظمة‬
Go – went run – ran take – took

In the negative we use ‫فى حالة النفى نستخدم‬

Subject + didn't + inf.
Heba didn't wash her face last Sunday
 did+infÝ‚~jŠÞÙ]öŠÖ]íÖ^uîÊÔÖ„Òæ
- What did you buy yesterday?
- Did Samy phone you?
• We use the past simple to refer to actions which
started and finished in the past, often with a time or
date:
æ]è…^i^ãÃÚÄ–Þ^fÖ^Ææî•^¹]îÊkãjÞ]æl_‚ep]‚u]±]ì…^øÖ¼éŠfÖ]î•^¹]Ý‚~jŠè
 î•^¹]îÊØÃËÖ]pæ‚ukÎæ
Yesterday–last … – ago–in the past–once– in + ‫تاريخ قديم‬
- She visited London in 2001
- I was in Alex two months ago
- Huda bought a new mobile last week
• We can also use the past simple to refer to one event
followed by another in the past:
ØÃÊE속^fÚ†}]ØÃÊäÃfjèØÃÊKp‚u±]ì…^øÖ¼éŠfÖ]î•^¹]Ý‚~jŠÞá]ÄéŞjŠÞ
 D†}÷]î×ÂîßfÚ
- When he had an idea, he wrote a short story
- When he felt a pain, he saw a doctor
• We also use the past simple to describe past habits:
 î•^¹]îÊke]çnÖ]æÐñ^Ï£]ÔÖ„Òæî•^¹]îÊì…†Ój¹]Ù^ÃÊ÷]æl]^ÃÖ]Ì‘çÖ
I always ate breakfast before I went to school

Mr Guirguis 13 Second Term

2nd Year Last Night
I played football everyday when I was young
Subject ‫ فاعل‬+ used to + inf
 á÷]äßÂÌÎçiäßÓÖæî•^¹]îÊ°ÃÚØÃËeÝ^éÏÖ]îׁ^jÂ_
- I used to get up early when I was young but now I
get up late.
Subject ‫ فاعل‬+ didn't use to + inf.
Subject ‫ فاعل‬+ never + used to + inf.
 Däéׁ^jÃÚá÷]xf‘]æEá]^jÃè
- I didn't use to get up early
- I never used to eat meat
Subject ‫ فاعل‬+ ( am – is – are - get ) + used to + v + ing
 äeÝçÏèÙ]‡÷æ^ÚØÃÊî×Â]^jÃÚá^Ò
Sami is used to playing football
Soha gets used to doing exercises daily

PassiveÙçãrÛ×Öîßf¹]¼éŠfÖ]î•^¹]
The Past Simple PassiveÙçãrÛ×Öîßf¹]¼éŠfÖ]î•^¹]
Object ‫ مفعول به‬+ ( was / were ) +
P.P.
- The house was cleaned yesterday
- The cars were mended last Friday
 íÇé’Ö]‹ËßeáçÓèÙçãrÛ×Öîßf¹]îÊÙ]öŠÖ]
- Was my car washed?
- Where were the box found?

The Past Perfect ‫א אم‬

Subject ‫ فاعل‬+ had + P.P.
• We use the past perfect to talk about the earlier of
two actions in the past. The later action is in the past
simple:

Mr Guirguis 14 Second Term

2nd Year Last Night
Ùæ÷]Dp‚£]EØÃËÖ]áçÓéÊî•^¹]îÊ^m‚u°×ÃÊàÂp‚vjÖ]‚ßÂÝ^jÖ]î•^¹]Ý‚~jŠÞ
J¼éŠeî•^ÚîÞ^nÖ]Dp‚£]EØÃËÖ]æÝ^iî•^Ú
- I had finished my work before I took a break.
The Past Perfect passive ÙçãrÛ×Öîßf¹]
ÙçãrÛ×Öîßf¹]Ý^jÖ]î•^¹]
Object ‫ مفعول به‬+ had been + P.P.
- My homework had been finished before I took a break
 ì‚Â^ÏÖ]å„âÄÚ¼e]æ…ì‚‚qçiæ
After / As soon as Past Perfect Past simple
Because ‫ماضى تام‬ ‫ماضى بسيط‬
It wasn't until
It was only when
Past simple after Past Perfect
‫ماضى بسيط‬ as soon as ‫ماضى تام‬
because
- After I had arrived home, I phoned Ali
- The government provided the new schools with
computer as soon as it had built them
- We weren't hungry because we had already eaten.
- It wasn't until I had painted my room, I bought new
furniture.
- It was only when Soha had cooked all the food, she
cleaned the house

Before ‫قبل‬ Past simple Past Perfect

By the time ‫ماضى بسيط‬ ‫ماضى تام‬
Past Perfect ‫ماضى‬ Before Past simple
‫تام‬ by the time ‫ماضى بسيط‬
- Before the teacher explained the new lesson, he had
revised the previous one

Mr Guirguis 15 Second Term

2nd Year Last Night
- Samia had cooked the food by the time she cleaned
the house.
 afterÝ]‚~j‰]æîßÃÚ‹ËÞ^before that íÛ×ÒI
- I studied hard, before that, I had watched a film
Ý‚~jŠÞ‚ÎæÙæ÷]p‚£]àÂéfÃj×ÖÝ^jÖ]î•^¹]Ý‚~jŠÞ^ßÞ]îâæ]‚qíÚ^âí¿uøÚ
î×Ö]íq^£]æÝ^iî•^ÚîÏfiÙæ÷]k×’uî×Ö]íq^£]á]Üã¹]‹e^âÆæ]íÏe^ŠÖ]¼e]æ†Ö]
 ¼éŠeî•^ÚîÏfi^â‚Ãek×’u
- Although Ali had done all theb homework, the
punished him
Past Simple / or till Past perfect
negative until Ý^i<î•^Ú
‫ﻣاضى بسيط ﻣثبت او ﻣنفى‬
- Huda didn't sleep until her father had arrived home
- Huda refused to sleep until her father had arrived
<æ_<<didn't + inf <áç{{Ói<‚{{ÏÊ<í{{Ë×j§<î{{•^¹]<î{{Ê<î{{ËßÖ]<Èé{{‘
<áç{Óè<î{ËßÖ]<^ßãÊ<passive <í×Û¢]<áçÓi<‚Î<æ]<couldn't + inf
< <<wasn't / weren't + PP
- Shady couldn't sleep until he had finished all his
homework
- The homework wasn't completed until Soha had
had dinner

When Past Simple ‫ ﻣاضى بسيط‬Past perfect Ý^i<î•^Ú

When
When Past perfect Ý^i<î•^Ú Past Simple ‫ﻣاضى بسيط‬
<Ø{’u<î{×Ö]<Ø{ÃËÖ]<á]<çâ<цËÖ]<àÓÖ<ï^Â<°ßÚˆÖ]<^â‚Ãe<when <á]<ÀuøÞ
< <past perfect <Ý^i<î•^Ú<áçÓéâ<Ùæ÷]
- When Soha had finished her work, she went back
home
- When Soha went home, she had finished her work.

When Past Simple ‫ ﻣاضى بسيط‬Past Simple<¼éŠe<î•^Ú

Simple<¼éŠe<î•^Ú
Mr Guirguis 16 Second Term
2nd Year Last Night
< <°jÖ^u<îÊ<when <ÄÚ<past simple<¼éŠe<î•^Ú<°ßÚˆÖ]<Ý‚~jŠÞ
habit in the past<î•^¹]<îÊ<ì^Â<àÂ<Ãi<ØÛ¢]<kÞ^Ò<]ƒ]
- When John was five, he visited his grandma
every Friday.
<í{×èç<í{éßÚ‡<ìËÖ<‚jÚ]<ï„Ö]<Ùæ÷]<ØÃËÖ]<ð^ßm]<p‚u<‚Î<îÞ^nÖ]<ØÃËÖ]<á^Ò<]ƒ]
l]ç߉<æ]<…çã
- When Marina was in primary school, she won a
drawing prize
After ‫بعد‬ V+ing <ØÂ^Ê<áæ‚e Past Simple ‫ﻣاضى بسيط‬
On ‫ بمجرد ان‬/ ‫بعد‬ V+ing <ØÂ^Ê<áæ‚e Past Simple ‫ﻣاضى بسيط‬
Before ‫قبل‬ V+ing <ØÂ^Ê<áæ‚e Past perfect Ý^i<î•^Ú
- After going to school, it started to rain
- On dropping the cup, it broke into small pieces
- Before studying, I had drunk orange juice.
<°e<îßÚ‡<Ñ…^Ê<Õ^ßâ<áçÓè<÷<^Ú‚ßÂ<Ý‚~jŠi<ì^Âon <á]<±^jÖ]<цËÖ]<ÀuøÞ
< <<äçω<†r²<†ŠÓi]<hçÓÖ]<á]<ØnÚ<°×ÃËÖ]<pæ‚u
Having ‫ بعد‬P.P ØÂ^Ê<áæ‚e<kÖ^i<Ì膒i Past Simple‫ﻣاضى بسيط‬
- Having done the homework, I went for a walk

No sooner had + sub <ØÂ^Ê+P.P.

<ØÂ^Ê+P.P. Past Simple
than
‫بعد‬ ‫ﻣاضى بسيط‬
Hardly ‫بعد‬ <ØÂ^Ê+P.P. when Past Simple
had + sub <ØÂ^Ê+P.P.
‫ﻣاضى بسيط‬
<ØÂ^Ê+P.P. when Past Simple
Scarcely ‫ بعد‬had + sub <ØÂ^Ê+P.P.
‫ﻣاضى بسيط‬
- No sooner had the minister visited our town than
he decided to build a bridge there.
- Hardly had the minister visited our town when he
decided to build a bridge there.
- Scarcely had they played the match when they
went back home to have rest.

Mr Guirguis 17 Second Term

2nd Year Last Night
<ØÂ^Ê<
<ØÂ^Ê<+ had<
had< P.P. than
no sooner +P.P. Past Simple
‫ﻣاضى بسيط‬
<ØÂ^Ê<
<ØÂ^Ê<+ had<
had< hardly +P.P
P.P. when Past Simple
‫ﻣاضى بسيط‬
<ØÂ^Ê<
<ØÂ^Ê<+ had<
had< scarcely + P.P when Past Simple
‫ﻣاضى بسيط‬
- The minister had no sooner visited our town than
he decided to build a bridge there.
- The minister had hardly visited our town when he
decided to build a bridge there.
- They had scarcely played the match when they
went back home to have rest.<<

Mr Guirguis 18 Second Term

2nd Year Last Night

Mr Guirguis 19 Second Term

2nd Year Last Night

Mr Guirguis 20 Second Term

2nd Year Last Night

Mr Guirguis 21 Second Term

2nd Year Last Night

Mr Guirguis 22 Second Term

2nd Year Last Night

Mr Guirguis 23 Second Term

2nd Year Last Night

The Adjective íË’Ö]

< <܉÷]<Ì’i<íÛ×Ò<îâ<íË’Ö]
D<îe†ÃÖ]<géi†i<‹ÓÂ<å<æ<E<Íç‘ç¹]<ØfÎ<íË’Ö]<Ä–Þ<IM
<ì‚è‚q<ì…^é‰ new car <<í×é¶<kße<<<<<<<<<<<a beautiful girl<<
<ì‚è‚q<ì…^é‰a
<
D<s-es-ies<^<Ä–Þ<÷<E<ÄÛŸ<÷<íèˆéר÷]<íÇ×Ö]<îÊ<íË’Ö]<IN
<]ƒ]<ðî<Ä–Þ<÷<æ<†ËÚ<܉]<^â‚Ãe<ð^q<]ƒ]<íË’Ö]<ØfÎ<a – an <Ä–Þ<IO
‚Ãè<÷<æ]<Ķ<^â‚Ãe<ð^q
<‚è‚q<h^jÒ new book<ì‚è‚q<gjÒ<<<<<<<<<<<<new books
<‚è‚q<h^jÒa
<Äjº<Ü×éÊ interesting film<<<<íÃjº<ÝøÊ]<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<
<Äjº<Ü×éÊan
interesting films<<

< <VíéÖ^jÖ]<Ù^ÃÊ÷]<‚Ãe<íË’Ö]<îi`i<I< P
Be, look <æ‚fè,
<æ‚fè smell ܎è,
܎è sound æ‚fè,
æ‚fè feel †ÃŽè,
†ÃŽè taste
Ñæ„jè seem æ‚fè , appear †ã¿è , become <xf’è,
Ñæ„jè, <xf’è get
xf’è stay Ø¿èK<îÏfè, [[
xf’è,
She is tall He seems tired They feel
sad

< <VØnÚ<(n)<܉]<^â‚Ãe<îi`è<÷<íéÖ^jÖ]<l^Ë’Ö]<˜Ãe
afraid < <Ìñ^} alone ‚éuæ ashamed áør}
alike< <äe^ŽjÚ pleased …æ†ŠÚ asleep Üñ^Þ
alive îu glad ‚éÉ awake ÀÏéjŠÚ
He is afraid They felt glad
she was asleep
< <

< <ÄÛ¢]<îßÃÚ<îŞÃi<^ãÞ^Ê<l^Ë’Ö]<˜Ãe<ØfÎ<the <íÊ^•]<‚ßÂ

Mr Guirguis 24 Second Term
2nd Year Last Night
The old ð^éßÆ÷] the poor ð]†ÏËÖ] the disabled °Î^ù]
܉÷]Ì‘çÖíË’Ö]Ý‚~jŠi
 
 l^Ë’Ö]àÚá^ÂçÞÕ^ßâ
good – bad – tall – fat – dangerous íè^ÃÖ]l^Ë’Ö]V÷æ]
 ….
 ܉÷]æ]ØÃËÖ]àÚíÏjŽ¹]l^Ë’Ö]V^éÞ^m
ØÃËÖ]æ܉÷]àÂ^âˆé³Ö]íéÖ^jÖ]Ä^Ϲ]‚u`eíéãjßÚíË’Ö]áçÓi^Úì^Â
: ͆¿Ö]æ
(Y , ful , less ,en ,able , ible , ive ,ous , ish ,al , ic
, ate , ent ,ary, Ory ,ed , ant , ing )
:- ÔÖƒî×Âí×nÚù]àÚæ
( primary ,successful , careless , golden ,
considerable ,sensitive ,dangerous , selfish ,
environmental , economic , compassionate )
 
Verb+ ing íË’Ö]æ]ØÃËÖ]†’Úæ]K
íË’Ö]æ]ØÃËÖ]†’Úæ]KØÃËÖ^eÜñ^ÏÖ]
KØÃËÖ^eÜñ^ÏÖ]K
ØÃËÖ^eÜñ^ÏÖ]KØÂ^ËÖ]܉]àÂÃiíË‘áçÓi
KØÂ^ËÖ]܉]àÂÃiíË‘áçÓi

I watched an interesting film.DíÃj¹]…‚’ÚEÄjº

The lion is very frightening.DÍç¤]…‚’ÚEÌé§

Verb + ed ØÃËÖ]äé×ÂÄÏèï„Ö]ï_–äeÙçÃ˹]îßÃÚîŞÃjeíË‘áçÓè
ØÃËÖ]äé×ÂÄÏèï„Ö]ï_ äeÙçÃ˹]îßÃÚîŞÃjeíË‘áçÓè
I was interested yesterday while watching a
ÄjÛjŠÚ
film.ÄjÛjŠÚ
The young boy was very frightened when he saw
Ìñ^}
the wild dog.Ìñ^}
 

 l^Ë’Ö]àÚá^ÂçÞÕ^ßâ
very / extremely^ã×fÎÄ•çè Regularíè^Âl^Ë‘ IM

Mr Guirguis 25 Second Term

2nd Year Last Night
Ä–ÞØe very / extremely^ã×fÎÄ•çè÷ExtremeíèçÎl^Ë‘ IN
absolutely/ completely
 íè^Âl^Ë‘ Very/  íèçÎl^Ë‘ absolutely/
 Regular extremely Extreme completely
 g•^Æ angry  ]‚qg•^Æ furious
 ðî‰ bad  ]‚qðî‰ awful
 fÒ big/large  Ü~• Huge/enormous
 Ðâ†Ú tired  삎eÐâ†Ú exhausted
 Ìñ^} frightened  hçÂ†Ú terrified
 ‚éÉ happy  ]‚q‚éÉ delighted
 ðîq^ËjÚ surprised  ]‚qðîq^ËjÚ amazed
 …^e cold  ‚ÛrjÚ freezing
 …„Î dirty  ]‚q…„Î filthy
 ‚éq good  ‡^jº excellent
 Ç‘ small  ]‚qÇ‘ tiny
 Øé¶ pretty  hø} gorgeous
 xéfÎ ugly  ]‚qxéfÎ hideous
 gÂ†Ú scary  ]‚qgÂ†Ú terrifying
 Äjº interesting  ]‚qÄjº fascinating
 ^ß߉fÒ old  ]‚qÜè‚Î ancient
 á^Âçq hungry  ^Âçqlçµ starving
 à}^‰ hot  î×Çè boiling
 Øèç long  ]‚qØèç endless
 †â^Ú clever  îÒƒ brilliant
 ï^ÂÆ unusual  ±^é} incredible
 
 
Mr Guirguis 26 Second Term
 2nd Year Last Night
 í×Û¢]îÊíË’Ö]Ý]‚~j‰]àÒ^Ú_
:- ÔÖƒÙ^nÚæä×fÎêi`iæ܉÷]Ì‘çi^Ûñ]íË’Ö] ( Noun ) -܉÷]ØfÎI V÷æ]

Before the noun which is described by the

adjective
e.g. He will face a dangerous problem .
< <e.g. We are going to watch an interesting film .
< <VíÚ^â<l^¿uøÚ<ì‚Â<^ßâ<‚¨<æ
†ËÚ<܉]<Ì’i<îjÖ]<íË’Ö]<ØfÎ<a-an<Ä–Þ I< M
We use a-an before the adjective which
describes a singular noun
a-an<Í„©<‚Ãè<÷<æ]<Ķ<íË’Ö]<‚Ãe<ð^q<]ƒ] I< N
- He will face dangerous problems.
- We have drunk delicious juice.
D͆ÃÚàÓÖE‚Ãè÷–Ķ–†ËÚ܉]^â‚Ãeî×Ö]íË’Ö]ØfÎtheÝ]‚~j‰]àÓµ I O
- Hani broke the new mobile which he bought
last week.
- The delicious food he ate yesterday was
made by my mother.
îÏfiØeÄÛ¢]Ì‘æ‚ßÂs-es-ies^ãjè^ãÞîÊÄ–Þ÷îßÃè–ÄÛŸ÷íË’Ö] I P
Jîâ^ÛÒ
- She is a good girl.
- They are good girls.
:- íéÖ^jÖ]êâæ( v. to be ) ‚ÃeI V^éÞ^m
( be, am , is ,are , was ,were , been, being, been )
- It is wonderful .
- They are important .

Mr Guirguis 27 Second Term

 2nd Year Last Night
<í×Û¢]<»<íéŠéñ…<Ù^ÃÊ_<lð^q (is, are) á_<ÀuøÞ<°Ö^n¹]<àè„â<»
< <:<äË‘<Ä–Þ<^ßâ<^â‚Ãe<†}a<ØÃÊ<ë_<‚qçè<÷<äÞ]<ë_
< <:-<Ù^ÃÊù]<˜Ãe<‚ÃeI< ^nÖ^m
remain < <îÏfè< <taste < <ÜÃ<îŞÃè< <feel < <†ÃŽè< <look æ‚fè
keep < <îÏfè< <smell < <ívñ]…<îŞÃè< <become < <xf’è< <seem < <æ‚fè
stay < <<oÓµKîÏfè< <appear < <†ã¿è< <sound æ‚fè
e.g. My friend seems helpless .
< <e.g. It tastes delicious .
< <xf‘]<<become ò<Ù^ÃÊù]<å„â<Ý‚~jŠi<^Ú‚ßÂ<VÙ^ÃÊù]‚Ãe<
< <grow /turn/get/go/fall/come/run
Ex.Grow tall /go mad / fall ill / come true / run low

( Adverb):Ù^£]
The adverb describes the verb and sometimes
the adjective
íË’Ö]<^Þ^éu]<æ]<ØÃËÖ]<Ì’è<Ù^£]
The adverb: (Adj + ly = adv )
Quick-quickly dangerous – dangerously
< <careful - carefully,
<<

 ØÃËÖ]Ì’éÖØÃËÖ]ØfÎæ]‚Ãe
- The rain fell heavily yesterday.
- Sami quickly answered the test.<<
 í×Û¢]íè^ãÞîÊ
The teacher entered our class nervously.
DØÃË×Ö<oÖ^nÖ]<Ì膒jÖ]<E<ínÖ^nÖ]<íÖ^£]<»<ØÃËÖ]<ØfÎ3
 PP Ù]æv.to be °e^Ú

Mr Guirguis 28 Second Term

2nd Year Last Night
The house was completely damaged by the
earthquake.
Hani is badly talking to his friend
íË’Ö]<ØfÎ
e.g. This man is continuously nervous.
íב^ËÖ]^â‚ÃeæØÛ¢]íè]‚e»
Interestingly, Suddenly, Fortunately, Unfortunately ,
Actually, Luckily, Unluckily, Surprisingly, undoubtedly,
Personally ,Obviously……
e.g. Luckily, Samer was able to solve the
mathematical problem .
Prepared by:-

< <Adverb<Ù^£^e<í‘^}<íÚ^â<l^¿uøÚ
1- Good – well
Our teacher explained the lesson well
 lyÙ]íÊ^•]ØfÎi ±]^ç©^ßÞ^Êy híéãjßÚíË’Ö]kÞ^Ò]ƒ]
Happy – happily easy – easily
lyíÊ^•]áæ‚eÙ^£]‹ËÞîâíË’Ö]áçÓi‚Îí‘^}l÷^uÕ^ßâ
Hard ‫بصعوبة‬/‫بجد‬/‫صعب‬/‫ جاد‬early ‫بطريقة مبكرة‬/‫مبكرا‬
late ‫فى وقت متأخر‬/‫ متأخر‬daily ‫يوميا‬/‫يومى‬
long ‫لفترة طويلة‬/‫ طويل‬weekly ‫اسبوعيا‬/‫اسبوعى‬
low ‫بانخفاض‬/‫ منخفض‬monthly ‫شھريا‬/‫شھرى‬
nearby ‫بقرب‬/‫ مجاور‬yearly ‫سنويا‬/‫سنوى‬
Fast ‫بسرعة‬/‫ سريع‬high ‫بارتفاع‬/‫مرتفع‬
I watch the daily seriesØŠ×ŠÚ ØŠ×ŠÚ
I watch the series daily
He had a lot of hard work.
He had worked hard.

Mr Guirguis 29 Second Term

 2nd Year Last Night
 ^ãÃÚÝ‚~jŠÞlyhíéãß¹]l^Ë’Ö]
fatherly ‫ أبوى‬brotherly ‫ أخوى‬lonely ‫وحيدا‬
lovely ‫رائع‬/‫ محبوب‬friendly ‫طيب‬/‫ ودود‬unlikely ‫من غير المحتمل‬
motherly ‫ تابع لالمومة‬likely ‫من الحتمل‬
‫و ھنا يتم تحويلھا الى حال عن طريق القاعدة التالية‬
In a/an ……………… way/manner
- Our teacher is friendly - He treats us in a friendly way.
Adverbs of place í×Û¢]íè^ãÞîÊæ]ØÃËÖ]‚Ãeîi`i^Ú]á^Ó¹]î×ÂíÖ]‚Ö]Í憿Ö]
here ‫ھنا‬ between ‫بين‬ down ‫اسفل‬
there ‫ھناك‬ in ‫فى‬ downstairs ‫الدور االسفل‬
under ‫تحت‬ out ‫خارج‬ back ‫للخلف‬
below ‫اسفل‬ up ‫اعلى‬ backwards ‫للخلف‬
above ‫فوق‬/‫أعلى‬ upstairs ‫الدور اللى فوق‬ outside ‫خارج‬
around ‫حول‬ near ‫بالقرب من‬ inside ‫داخل‬
nearby ‫بالقرب من‬ far ‫بعيد‬ about ‫حول‬
towards ‫فى اتجاه‬/‫نحو‬ abroad ‫خارج البالد‬ ahead ‫لالمام‬

The children are playing outside.

The glass shattered and the pieces flew everywhere.

They drove south/southward on the highway.

He walked towards the police station.
< <Ù^u<æ]<íË‘<^â‚Ãe<îi`è<íéÖ^jÖ]<Í憿Ö]
so ً‫ جدا‬quite ‫ الى حدا ما‬definitely ‫ بالتاكيد‬such ‫جدا‬/‫مثل‬
too ً‫ جدا‬rather ‫ الى حدا ما‬extremely ‫ للغاية‬surely ‫بالتأكيد‬
very ً‫ جدا‬almost ‫ غالبا‬certainly ‫ بالتاكيد‬totally ‫تماما‬
fairly ‫ قليال‬entirely ‫ كليا‬completely ‫ تماما‬awfully ‫بطريقة مرعبة‬
slightly ‫ قليال‬partly ‫ جزئيا‬absolutely ‫ تماما‬terribly ‫بفظاعة‬
a little ‫ قليال‬nearly ‫ تقريبا‬incredibly ‫ بشكل مذھل‬hardly ‫قليال‬/‫بالكاد‬
a bit ‫ قليال‬pretty ‫ الى حد ما‬amazingly ‫ بشكل مذھل‬highly ‫بشكل كبير‬
enough ‫كافى‬ really ‫حقا‬
Ali answered the test very well.
It is a very good mobile.
He works extremely accurately.
His answers are extremely accurate.<<

Mr Guirguis 30 Second Term

2nd Year Last Night

Mr Guirguis 31 Second Term

2nd Year Last Night

Mr Guirguis 32 Second Term

2nd Year Last Night

Mr Guirguis 33 Second Term

2nd Year Last Night

Mr Guirguis 34 Second Term

2nd Year Last Night

Mr Guirguis 35 Second Term

2nd Year Last Night

<<

Mr Guirguis 36 Second Term

2nd Year Last Night
íÃÊ^Þ<l^Âç•ç¹<x×’i<íéu^jjÊ]<ض<
‫نضع في الفراغ الموجود في ھذه التعبيرات كلمة او عبارة تمثل‬:

‫الموضوع‬
< <ì‚éq<K<íée^«]<l^Âç•ç¹<l^Ú‚ÏÚ<x×’i<l]fÃiæ<ض

1) We all agree that …………….... is one of the most important things in

our life and has it is vital role nowadays .
< <JÝ^è÷]<å„â<^èçéu<]…æ<äÖæ<^ßi^éu<»<ð^éù]<Üâ_<àÚ<‚u]æ<JJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ<á_<^Ãé¶<ÐËjÞ 

2) We all admit the importance and necessity of …….... in our life.

< <<^ßi^éu<»<JJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ<ì…憕æ<íéÛâ^e<†ÏÞ<^ß×Ò 

3) No wonder if we say that …. has (have) its good and positive effects on
us.
< <J^Ãé¶<^ßé×Â<íée^«]æ<ífé<…^m_<äÖ<JJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ<á_<^ß×Î<]ƒc<grÂ<÷ 

4) We all agree that …. is very necessary and plays an important part in

our life.
< <J<^ßi^éu<»<^Ú^â<]…æ<gÃ×èæ<]‚q<ë…憕<JJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ<á_<ÐËjÞ<^ß×Ò 

5) We should put into consideration that ……………… has (have) become

one of the most important things
things in everyone's life.
<ØÒ<ì^éu<»<ð^é÷]<Üâ_<àÚ<]‚u]æ<xf‘_<‚Î<JJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ<á]<…^fjÂ÷]<»<Ä–Þ<á_<g« 
J“~

<
< <ØÒ^ŽÚæ_<ì…^•<l^Âç•ç¹<l^Ú‚ÏÚ<x×’i<l]fÃiæ<ض
1) I see that ........................... is one of the most dangerous problems
today.
á÷]<løӎ¹]<†Ş}]<‚u]<‚ÃŁè<JJJJJJJJJJJ<á]<ë…]<Þ]
2) In my point of view, ….....is really serious and harmful nowadays.
< <JÝ^è÷]<å„â<…^•æ<Ş}<øÃÊ<çâ<JJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ<놿Þ<íãqæ<àÚ
3) There is no doubt that ………….... is one of the most dangerous
phenomena in our life life and has its bad and negative effects nowadays.
<íòé{ŠÖ]<å…^{m]<ä{Ö<ÔÖ„{Òæ<^{ßi^éu<»<†â]ç{¿Ö]<†{Ş}_<àÚ<ì‚u]æ<êâ<JJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ<á_<äéÊ<ԍ÷<^º
< <J]„â<^ßjÎæ<»<íéf׊Ö]æ

Mr Guirguis 37 Second Term

2nd Year Last Night
4) I think ………………... is one of the worst things in our life. It is our
duty to face it
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‫عא‬
: ‫ثم ننھي الموضوع باحدي ھذه العبارات‬
- Finally , it is quite clear that …….DÅç•ç¹]E ….. Is really……DíË‘E..
- In brief, I think that ……….… is really ………………
- To sum up , one can say that ……… is really ……………
The e-
e-mail
From :‫ البريد االلكترونى للراسل‬the sender e-mail
To : ‫ البريد االلكترونى للمرسل اليه‬the reciever e-mail
Re. : the subject of the e-mail ‫عنوان موضوع االيميل‬
Dear ‫اسم المرسل اليه‬
I'm very happy to write this e-mail to you. I hope you are very well. I'd like
to tell you about ……………….

‫الموضوع‬

I'm waiting for your reply

With best wishes
‫اسم الراسل‬
Learning online
From : HemmatNazmy@yahoo.com
To : NurAhmed@gmail.com
Re : Learning online
Dear Ali,
I'm very happy to write this e-mail to you. I hope you are very well.
I'd like to tell you about online learning. It is one of the most important
subjects today. It is used in most of the world countries today.It is used a
lot during the coronavirus epidemic. It has it pros and cons.
Online Learning has a lot of advantages. It helps students to study at
home during the periods of dangerous problems such as the spread of
diseases. Also it is used during the bad weathers. Students who are ill or
can't move can learn online. If the students are in another country it is
better to learn online. It saves time and effort. Also it saves the money of

Mr Guirguis 38 Second Term

2nd Year Last Night
transport. Some kinds of online learning depends on videoes which can be
watched many times.
On the other hand, there are some disadvantages of online learning. It
isn't interesting as school learning. There is no direct communication with
the teacher. Some students can't concentrate well. Students miss the
social part of school like meeting other friends. Also the teacher can't
exam the students well.
In my opinion online learning is very important in certain time and very
useful if school learning is not available.However, we can't go on without
school learning. Both of them have good and bad sides

I'm waiting for reply

With best wishes
Hani

Mr Guirguis 39 Second Term