1.

Differentiate the TAE and the TBE buffer.

- TAE and TBE buffer differentiate in their composition. TAE buffer contains tris base, glacial acetic
acid and EDTA and it is ideal for separating larger fragments, cloning and DNA extraction from a gel.
TBE buffer in the other hand contains tris bae, boric acid, EDTA and it is ideal for resolving small
fragments and longer runs. TAE buffer gives better resolution of fragments greater than 4000 base
pair. TBE buffer gives better resolution of fragments of 100-3000 base pairs.
2. What does the dye indicate in Gel electrophoresis process?
- The dye in the Gel electrophoresis process is there to indicate how far the DNA has travelled
throughout the process and it also serves as a marker so that we will not lose the DNA on the other
side of the gel.
3. What are the two types of Dyes used
- There are two types of loading dyes that are usually used, the blue and orange dyes. Blue dyes are
xylene cyanole and bromphenol blue and for the orange dye is the Orange G. Xylene cyanole runs at
4000 base pairs in a 1% gel but this may vary depending on the gel concentration. For bromphenol
blue, it runs at 300 base pair in a 1% gel and it is smaller in size than xylene cyanole. And for the
Orange G it runs at 50 base pairs.
4. What type of dye is used if you are expecting 200-400 bae pairs 
- If you are expecting a 200 – 400 base pairs you should use xylene cyanole which is a larger dye
and it will not obscure your product like bromphenol blue that will run as the same pace as your
product.
5. Discuss the importance of using a UV protector when observing the DNA result
- Eye ware or UV protector is important when we are observing the ethidium bromide stained DNA.
Wearing this prevents harmful effect of UV light to our eyes emitted by UV light box.