TORTS AND DAMAGES

BY ATTY. MA. NINNA ROEM A. BONSOL

I. Article 2176 (Elements, Coverage, Tests)

E. M. WRIGHT vs. MANILA ELECTRIC R.R. & LIGHT CO., G.R. No. L-7760, October 1, 1914

DY TEBAND TRADING, INC. v. CHING, ET. AL., G.R. No. 161803, 04 February 2008

JARCO MARKETING CORPORATION v. COURT OF APPEALS, G.R. No. 129792, 21 December 1999

TOMAS BERNAL and FORTUNATA ENVERSO, vs. J. V. HOUSE and TACLOBAN ELECTRIC and ICE
PLANT, LTD., G.R. No. L-30741, January 30, 1930

AMADO PICART vs. FRANK SMITH, JR., G.R. No. L-12219, March 15, 1918

FAR EAST BANK AND TRUST COMP. vs. COURT OF APPEALS, ET. AL., G.R. No. 108164, February 23, 1995

KHRISTINE REGINO vs. PANGASINAN COLLEGES OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, et al. G.R. No.
156109, November 18, 2004

SUPREME TRANSLINER, INC. v. COURT OF APPEALS, G.R. No. 125356, 21 November 2001

DANGWA TRANSPORTATION CO., INC. v. COURT OF APPEALS, G.R. No. 95582, 07 October 1991

II. Article 2178

LEANDRO CARILLO, vs. PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES, G.R. No. 86890, January 21, 1994

PETER PAUL PATRICK LUCAS, FATIMA GLADYS LUCAS, ABBEYGAIL LUCAS AND GILLIAN LUCAS vs.
DR. PROSPERO MA. C. TUAÑO, G.R. No. 178763, April 21, 2009

EDGAR O. PEREA, complainant, vs. ATTY. RUBEN ALMADRO, A.C. No. 5246, March 20, 2003

EQUITABLE BANKING CORPORATION v. SPECIAL STEEL PRODUCTS, INC. And AUGUSTO L. PARDO,
G.R. No. 175350, 13 June 2012

PHILIPPINE NATIONAL BANK, Petitioner, vs. F.F. CRUZ AND CO., INC., G.R. No. 173259, July 25, 2011

III. Article 2179

LA MALLORCA and PAMPANGA BUS COMPANY vs. VALENTIN DE JESUS, MANOLO TOLENTINO and
COURT OF APPEALS, G.R. No. L-21486, May 14, 1966

RAMOS v. C.O.L REALTY CORPORATION, G.R. No. 184905, 28 August 2009

LAMBERT v. HEIRS OF CASTILLON, G.R. No. 160709, 23 February 2005

MERCURY DRUG CORPORATION v. SEBASTIAN M. BAKING, G.R. No. 156037, 25 May 2007
 SALUD VILLANUEVA VDA. DE BATACLAN and the minors NORMA LUZVIMINDA, ELENITA, OSCAR
and ALFREDO BATACLAN, represented by their Natural guardian, SALUD VILLANUEVA VDA. DE BATACLAN
vs. MARIANO MEDINA, G.R. No. L-10126, October 22, 1957

PROSPERO SABIDO and ASER LAGUNDA vs. CARLOS CUSTODIO, BELEN MAKABUHAY CUSTODIO
and THE HONORABLE COURT OF APPEALS, G.R. No. L-21512, August 31, 1966

MANILA ELECTRIC COMPANY vs. SOTERO REMOQUILLO, in his own behalf and as guardian of the
minors MANUEL, BENJAMIN, NESTOR, MILAGROS, CORAZON, CLEMENTE and AURORA, all surnamed
MAGNO, SALUD MAGNO, and the COURT OF APPEALS (Second Division), G.R. No. L-8328, May 18, 1956

MERCEDES M. TEAGUE vs. ELENA FERNANDEZ, et al., G.R. No. L-29745, June 4, 1973

RAMON K. ILUSORIO, petitioner, vs. HON. COURT OF APPEALS, and THE MANILA BANKING
CORPORATION, G.R. No. 139130, November 27, 2002

IV. Articles 2183 to 2194 (Special Liability)

ANONUEVO v. COURT OF APPEALS, G.R. No. 130003, 20 October 2004 (Article 2185)

MARGARITA AFIALDA v. BASILIO & FRANCISCO HISOLE, G.R. No. L-2075, 29 November 1949

J.H. CHAPMAN v. JAMES UNDERWOOD, G.R. No. L-9010, 28 March 1914

MARCIAL CAEDO, et al. v. YU KHE THAI & RAFAEL BERNARDO, G.R. No. L-20392, 18 December
1968

FGU INSURANCE CORPORATION v. COURT OF APPEALS, et al., G.R. No. 118889, 23 March 1998

SOFIA GUILLANG v. RODOLFO BEDANIA & RODOLFO DE SILVA, G.R. No. 162987, 21 May 2009

CITY OF MANILA v. GENARO TEOTICO & COURT OF APPEALS, G.R. No. L-23052, 29 January 1968

JOSE DINGCONG v. HALIM KANAAN, et al., G.R. No. L-47033, 25 April 1941

COCA-COLA BOTTLERS PHILS., INC. v. COURT OF APPEALS & LYDIA GERONIMO, G.R. No. 110295, 18
October 1993

V. Principal Defenses in Actions Based on Negligence

EMERGENCY RULE

HEDY GAN y YU v. THE HONORABLE COURT OF APPEALS and the PEOPLE OF THE
PHILIPPINES, G.R. No. L-44264, 19 September 1988

MARIKINA AUTO LINE TRANSPORT CORP. v. PEOPLE, G.R. No. 152040, 31 March 2006

GEORGE MCKEE and ARACELI KOH MCKEE v. IAC, JAIME TAYAG and ROSALINDA MANALO,
G.R. No. L-68102, 16 July 1992.

ASSUMPTION OF RISK & VOLENTI NON FIT INJURIA NEQUES DOLUS

 VICENTE CALALAS, v. COURT OF APPEALS, ELIZA JUJEURCHE SUNGA and FRANCISCO SALVA, G.R.
No. 122039, 31 May 2000.

ABROGAR v. COSMOS BOTTLING COMPANY AND INTERGAMES, INC., G.R. No. 164749, 15 March
2017.

CONTRIBUTORY NEGLIGENCE

M. H., RAKES v. THE ATLANTIC, GULF AND PACIFIC COMPANY, G.R. No. 1719, 23 January 1907.

MUTUAL NEGLIGENCE

JUAN BERNARDO v. M. B. LEGASPI, G.R. No. 9308, 23 December 1914.

FORTUITOUS EVENT / FORCE MAJEURE

SCHMITZ TRANSPORT & BROKERAGE CORPORATION v. TRANSPORT VENTURE, INC., et al., G.R.
No. 150255, 22 April 2005

YOBIDO v. COURT OF APPEALS, G.R. No. 113003, 17 October 1997

LAST CLEAR CHANCE

See GEORGE MCKEE and ARACELI KOH MCKEE v. IAC, JAIME TAYAG and ROSALINDA MANALO, G.R.
No. L-68102, 16 July 1992.

ACHEVARA v. RAMOS, G.R. No. 175172, 29 September 2009

LBC AIR CARGO, INC. v. COURT OF APPEALS, G.R. No. 101683, 23 February 1995

BUSTAMENTE v. COURT OF APPEALS, G.R. No. 89880, 06 February 1991

PHOENIX CONSTRUCTION, INC. and ARMANDO U. CARBONEL

v. THE INTERMEDIATE APPELLATE COURT and LEONARDO DIONISIO, G.R. No. L-65295, 10 March 1987.

PHILIPPINE BANK OF COMMERCE, now absorbed by PHILIPPINE COMMERCIAL INTERNATIONAL

BANK, ROGELIO LACSON, DIGNA DE LEON, MARIA ANGELITA PASCUAL, et al., vs. THE COURT OF
APPEALS, ROMMEL'S MARKETING CORP., represented by ROMEO LIPANA, its President & General Manager,
G.R. No. 97626, 14 March 1997.

CANLAS v. COURT OF APPEALS, G.R. No. 112160, 28 February 2000

DUE DILIGENCE

PILAPIL v. COURT OF APPEALS, G.R. No. 52159, 22 December 1989

FORTUNE EXPRESS, INC. v. COURT OF APPEALS, G.R. No. 119756, 18 March 1999

DAMNUM ABSQUE INJURIA

 SPS.CRISTINO and BRIGIDA CUSTODIO & SPS.LITO and MARIA CRISTINA SANTOS v. CA and HEIRS
OF PACIFICO C. MABASA, G.R. No. 116100, 9 February 1996.

BACOLOD-MURCIA MILLING CO., INC. v. FIRST FARMERS MILLING CO., INC., ETC.; RAMON NOLAN
in his capacity as Administrator of the Sugar Quota Administration, ET AL.; PHILIPPINE NATIONAL BANK and
NATIONAL INVESTMENT AND DEVELOPMENT CORPORATION, G.R. No. L-29041, 24 March 1981.

PRESCRIPTION

Article 1146, New Civil Code.

SPOUSES FERRER v. VICENTE ERICTA, G.R. No. L-41767, 23 August 1978

RES IPSA LOQUITUR

D.M. CONSUNJI, INC. v. COURT OF APPEALS, G.R. No. 137873, 20 April 2001

THE SPOUSES AFRICA v. CALTEX (PHIL.), INC., MATEO BOQUIREN and THE COURT OF APPEALS,
G.R. No. L-12986, 31 March 1966.

VI. Article 2180 in relation to Article 2176

LIBI v. INTERMEDIATE APPELLATE COURT, G.R. No. 70890, 18 September 1992

AMADORA v. COURT OF APPEALS, G.R. No. L-47745, 15 April 1988

METRO MANILA TRANSIT CORPORATION v. COURT OF APPEALS, G.R. No. 116617, 16 November
1998

REAL v. BELO, G.R. No. 156224, 26 January 2007

CASTILEX INDUSTRIAL CORPORATION v. VICENTE VASQUEZ, JR., ET. AL., G.R. No. 132266,
21 December 1999

ROSENDO C. CARTICIANO and ZACARIAS A. CARTICIANO v. MARIO NUVAL, G.R. No. 138054, 28
September 2000

GREENSTAR EXPRESS, INC., et. al. v. UNIVERSAL ROBINA CORPORATION, et. al., G.R. No.
205090, 17 October 2016

UNIVERSAL AQUARIUS, INC., ET. AL. v. Q.C. HUMAN RESOURCES MANAGEMENT CORPORATION,
G.R. NO. 155990, 12 September 2007

ST. MARY’S ACADEMY v. CARPITANOS, ET. AL., G.R. No. 143363, 06 February 2002

TAMARGO v. COURT OF APPEALS, G.R. No. 85044, 3 June 1992

ELCANO v. HILL, G.R. No. L-24803, 26 May 1977

CAPILI v. CARDAÑA, G.R. No. 157906, 2 November 2006

MERRITT v. GOVERNMENT OF PHILIPPINE ISLANDS, G.R. No. L-11154, 21 March 1916

 LIGHT RAIL TRANSIT AUTHORITY v. NAVIDAD, G.R. No. 145804, 06 February 2003

PESTANO, ET. AL. v. SPOUSES SUMAYANG, G.R. No. 139875, 4 December 2000

VII. Liabilities of Hospitals, Banks, and Other Corporations in Quasi-delict

PROFESSIONAL SERVICES, INC. v. AGANA, G.R. No. 126297, 11 February 2008

NOGALES v. CAPITOL MEDICAL CENTER, G.R. No. 142625, 19 December 2006

SANGGACALA v. NATIONAL POWER CORPORATION, G.R. No. 209538, 07 July 2021 (Environmental
Tort in relation to Damnum Absque Injuria)

See PHILIPPINE BANK OF COMMERCE, et al., v. COURT OF APPEALS, G.R. No. 97626, 14 March 1997.

See PHILIPPINE NATIONAL BANK, v. F.F. CRUZ AND CO., INC., G.R. No2. 173259, July 25, 2011

VIII. Interplay of Culpa Aquiliana, Culpa Criminal, Culpa Contractual, and Prejudicial Questions

DE LEON BROKERAGE CO., INC. v. COURT OF APPEALS, G.R. No. L-15247, 28 February 1962

RAFAEL REYES TRUCKING CORPORATION v. PEOPLE, G.R. No. 129029, 03 April 2000

CALANG v. PEOPLE, G.R. No. 190696, 03 August 2010

L.G. FOODS CORPORATION, ET. AL. v. PAGAPONG-AGRAVIADOR, G.R. No. 158995, 26 September
2006

DMPI EMPLOYEES CREDIT COOPERATIVE, INC., (DMPI-ECCI) v. VELEZ, ET. AL., G.R. No. 129282, 29
November 2001

CASUPANAN, ET. AL. v. LAROYA, G.R. No. 145391, 26 August 2002

CEREZO v. TUAZON, G.R. No. 141538, 23 March 2004

RODRIGUEZ v. PONFERRADA, G.R. Nos. 155531-34, 29 July 2005

HYATT INDUSTRIAL v. ASIA DYNAMICS ELECTRIX CORP., G.R. No. 163597, 29 July 2005

SAFEGUARD SECURITY AGENCY, INC., et. al. v. TANGCO, et. al., G.R. No. 165732, 14 December 2006

PHILIPPINE RABBIT BUS LINES, INC. v. PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES, G.R. No. 147703, 14 April 2004

GEORGE MANANTAN v. COURT OF APPEALS, et. al., G.R. No. 107125, 29 January 2001

SANCHEZ v. FAR EST BANK AND TRUST COMPANY, G.R. No. 155309, 15 November 2005

MANLILIC, et. al. v. CALAUNAN, G.R. No. 150157, 25 January 2007

YAP v. PARAS, et. al., G.R. No. 101236, 30 January 1992

 RTC JUDGE TAMIN v. COURT OF APPEALS, et. al., G.R. No. 97477, 8 May 1992

SPOUSES YU v. PHILIPPINE COMMERCIAL INTERNATIONAL BANK, G.R. No. 147902, 17 March 2006

MARABELLA-BOBIS v. BOBIS, G.R. No. 138509, 31 July 2000

BANTOTO, et. al. v. BOBIS, et. al., G.R. No. L-18966, 22 November 1966

YONAHA v. COURT OF APPEALS, et. al., G.R. No. 112346, 29 March 1996

FABRE, JR. v. COURT OF APPEALS, G.R. No. 111127, 26 July 1996

IX. Human Relations (Article 19-36, New Civil Code)

ARTICLES 19, 20, and 21

VELAYO, IN HIS CAPACITY AS ASSIGNEE OF THE INSOLVENT COMMERCIAL AIR LINES, INC. v.
MANALOTO, ET AL. v. VELOSO III, G.R. No. 171365, 06 October 2010

HERMOSISISMA v. COURT OF APPEALS, ET. AL., G.R. NO. L-14628, 30 September 1960 (breach of
promise to marry)

WASSMER v. VELEZ, G.R. No. L-20089, 26 December 1964

BAKSH v. COURT OF APPEALS, G.R. No. 97366, 19 February 1993

PONCE v. LEGASPI and COURT OF APPEALS, G.R. No. 79184, 06 May 1992 (malicious prosecution)

VILLANUEVA v. ROSQUETA, G.R. No. 180764, 19 January 2010

ARTICLES 22 and 23

SECURITY BANK & TRUST COMPANY, ET. AL. v. COURT OF APPEALS, et. al., G.R. No. 117009, 11
October 1995

REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES v. LACAP, ET. AL., G.R. No. 158253, 02 March 2007

ELPIDIO UY, doing business under the name and style EDISON DEVELOPMENT & CONSTRUCTION v.
PUBLIC ESTATES AUTHORITY, ET. AL., G.R. No. 147925, 08 June 2009

LOCSIN II v. MEKENI FOOD CORPORATION, G.R. No. 192105, 09 December 2013

ARTICLE 24

CRUZ v. NLRC, POEA, ET. AL., G.R. No. 98273, 28 October 1991

ARTICLE 25

“When the rich indulge in thoughtless extravagance or display during a period of acute public want or
emergency, they may unwittingly kindle the flame on unrest in the hearts of the poor who thereby become more
keenly conscious of their privation and poverty and who may rise against the obvious inequality.” (Tolentino, I
Civil Code of the Philippines, 1990)

ARTICLE 26

TENCHAVEZ v. ESCANO, G.R. No. L-19671, 29 November 1965

ARTICLE 27

JAVELLANA, ET. AL., v. TAYO, G.R. No. L-18919, 29 December 1962

ARTICLE 28

E. SPINNER & COMPANY v. NEUSS HESSLEIN CORPORATION, G.R. No. L-31380, 13 January 1980

ARTICLE 32

VINZONS-CHATO v. FORTUNE TOBACCO-CORPORATION, G.R. No. 141309, 19 June 2007

ARTICLE 29, 30, 31, 33, 34, 35, 36

See VIII. Interplay of Culpa Aquiliana, Culpa Criminal, Culpa Contractual, and Prejudicial
Questions

LIBEL

FILIPINAS BROADCASTING NETWORK, INC. v. AGO MEDICAL AND EDUCATIONAL CENTER-

BICOL CHRISTIAN COLLEGE MEDICINE, G.R. No. 141994, 17 January 2005

X. Damages (Articles 2195-2235)

SPOUSES ONG v. COURT OF APPEALS, ET. AL., G.R. No. 117103, 21 January 1999

AIR FRANCE v. COURT OF APPEALS, ET. AL., G.R. No. 76093, 21 March 1989

DIÑO v. JARDINES, G.R. No. 145871, 31 January 2006

DICHOSO v. COURT OF APPEALS, ET. AL., G.R. No. 55613, 10 December 1990

PHILIPPINE AIR LINES v. MIANO, G.R. No. 106664, 08 March 1995

DEVELOPMENT BANK OF THE PHILIPPINES v. COURT OF APPEALS, ET. AL., G.R. No. 118342, 05
January 1998.
 PNOC SHIPPING AND TRASNPORT CORPORATION v. COURT OF APPEALS, ET. AL., G.R. No. 107518,
08 October 1998

RADIO COMMUNICATIONS OF THE PHILIPPINES, INC. v. COURT OF APPEALS, G.R. No. 79578, 13
March 1991.

GELUZ v. COURT OF APPEALS, G.R. No. L-16439, 20 July 1961.

EASTERN SHIPPING LINES, INC. v. COURT OF APPEALS, ET. AL., G.R. No. 97412, 12 July 1994

NACAR v. GALLERY FRAMES, G.R. No. 189871, 13 August 2013

ESTORES v. SPOUSES SUPANGAN, G.R. No. 175139, 18 April 2012

FRANCISCO v. CO, G.R. No. 151339, 31 January 2006.

MARIKINA AUTO LINE TRANSPORT CORPORATIONS, ET. AL. v. PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES, G.R.
No. 152040, 31 March 2006

MAGBANUA v. JUNSAY, G.R. No. 132659, 12 February 2007

CITY TRUST BANKING CORPORATION v. VILLANUEVA, G.R. No. 141011, 19 July 2001

RAMOS v. COURT OF APPEALS and DELOS SANTOS MEDICAL CENTER, ET. AL., G.R. No. 124354, 29
December 1999

INDUSTRIAL INSURANCE COMPANY v. BONDAD, G.R. No. 136722, 12 April 2000

PESTANO, ET. AL. v. SPOUSES SUMAYANG, G.R. No. 139875, 04 December 2000

VILLANUEVA, ET. AL. v. SPOUSES SALVADOR, G.R. No. 139436, 25 January 2006

MORRIS, ET. AL. v. COURT OF APPEALS and SCANDINAVIAN AIRLINES SYSTEM, G.R. No. 127957, 21
February 2001

FILIPINAS BROADCASTING NETWORK, INC. v. AGO MEDICAL AND EDUCATIONAL CENTER-BICOL

CHRISTIAN COLLEGE OF MEDICINE, G.R. No. 141994, 17 January 2005

EXPERT TRRAVEL & TOURS, INC. v. COURT OF APPEALS, G.R. No. 130030, 25 June 1999

FRANCISCO v. FERRER, JR., ET. AL., G.R. No. 142029, 28 February 2001

CALALAS v. COURT OF APPEALS, ET. AL., G.R. No. 122039, 31 May 2000

See PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES v. JUGUETA, G.R. No. 202124, 05 April 2016