TEOPIZ, MARK JOVAN JR.

SAS 25
1. What is a research instrument?
Research instruments serve as measurement tools or devices used to collect needed data or information
and facilitate observations and measurement of research variables, consistent with the purpose of the
study and are an integral component of any nursing research study.
2. What is a questionnaire?
Questionnaire is a self-directing instrument structured with questions and indicators for the respondent
to react. It is a paper and pencil approach in which the participants are asked to answer a set of printed
questions. Questionnaire is the most frequently used clerical research instrument to gather needed data
from the respondents pertinent to the purpose of the study. Questionnaire measures information levels,
opinions, attitudes, beliefs, ideas, feelings and perceptual assessment of the respondents regarding the
variables of the study. This also include factual information on the demographic profile of the
respondents such as age, sex, civil status, educational level and income, among others.
3. What are the types of questionnaire?
Free Response Questions or Open-ended or Unstructured Questionnaire and Closed- ended or
Structured Questionnaire
4. How does a researcher formulate a questionnaire?
a. Review your Objectives, Problem and Sub-problems.
b. The questionnaire needs to be adapted to your study population
c. Avoid ambiguous questions (the meaning can be interpreted differently by different people)
d. Avoid double-barreled questions (Multiple concepts in one question)
e. Avoid using negative words like “not”
CHECK FOR UNDERSTANDING
Short Quiz. Students will be instructed to write TRUE if the statement is correct and FALSE if the

statement is incorrect.. (10 points)

1. An interview guide is prepared prior to the unstructured interview.
ANSWER: FALSE
2. Visual analogue scale can be used to measure objective experiences of the respondents such as
anxiety.
ANSWER: FALSE
3. A brief descriptions of a toddler‟s reaction when a medication is given by a nurse dressed up like an
astronaut is a called a vignette.
ANSWER: TRUE
4. A retrospective self-report is found out to be the least accurate among all self- report data.
ANSWER: TRUE
5. A happy-sad scale is considered a graphic rating scale.
ANSWER: TRUE
6. A Likert scale is consists of several declarative items that express a viewpoint on a topic.
ANSWER: TRUE
7. Respondents‟ answers may be influenced by the interviewer‟s behaviour in an interview.
ANSWER: TRUE
8. Verbal and non-verbal behavior of respondents can be observed in a scale.
ANSWER: TRUE
9. Scales are devices designed to assign a numeric score to people to place them on a continuum with
respect to attributes being measured.
ANSWER: TRUE
10. In Q sort, participants are presented with a set of cards on which words or phrases are written.
ANSWER: TRUE