AFRICA IDENT TSC 12 THE OLDEST CONTINENT | Before you read, think of what you know about Africa How many African countries can you name? Arca is the oldest inhabited continent. For most of the history of mankind ica had no counties and was inhabited i by tribal groups, each with their own language and culture Most of ica was colonised by European counties. Britain, | France. Belgium, Spain, Portugal. Germany and Italy all 2 db: Se Counties were ‘created’ by these colonial powers, who ‘ignored ancient tba lands and groups Arica i the second-largest continent after Asia and is home to $00 milion people. ts landscape varies from the desert tothe jungle and from the coast to the grassiands o the savannah. Some pats at rch in resource have been stripped of al they had too Read the deseri | Boverned parts of Africa. Many of Alrica’s independent jedi 2 The human ace fi test aman sss aia Te osstanetsinemont | Sobor to 160,00 ye ls 7 re of homo sapiens, OF © Central Attica is home to aa re ‘Petes of mountain gona tha numberof tone too and Seis, but they aon fey the bones of buffaloes and hippos. (aplured by poachers. Gonlassac” torts lle fr er men med and was abet make also stolen t : 0 be sold ilegally 19 fements from stone and sass Private wild a » fe parks and zoos, ientist think that man fist oils are an important pa Scienti hiopia and then économy in countres ea of te Gergen Eheiaad en cram counties suchas } roughout the wot ganda, Rwanda and Conga I migrated through atic tours an 2 they tourists and d film-makers fom _| allover the wort f TRUE OR False> Gols can be tay Using an BUH how to speak language and basic sounds O tue O false the descript |, iptions below. Match the pictures to Forty milion Alficans were sold as slaves and sent to America and the ‘West Indies to work on plantations. Many ofthe slaves left from Cape Coast in Grana, and Gore island just off the coast of Senegal. The slaves were usually chained together and many had a5 kg metal ball attached to their fet or neck Although slavery officially ended ov 150 years ago, millions of people, many of whom are Africans. are stl kept as slaves throughout the word According to UNICEF up to 15 million Nigerian children are working in save-tke conditions away from their families. ‘August 23d is the UN International Day for Remembering the Slave Tade to www.worldaround.ce to download your Stop Slavery stickers.4 Thousands of tuts come to th Serengeti National Park in Ta ns Every year to see the migra ion of wdebees. Mion witeeee thee a caled gry eee feuney scr the pan November as they move heya asians tote woods serie The at is also home to a wide | ‘ange of animals includin | han. hres nda | ORL; Serengeti comes pl of nomadic farmers. and atte palers) word Siringitu’, which a" eas the ce whee ove on oe Many African countries are torn apart by fighting. More than 200,000 people have been killed and 2 milion people ae displaced because of the current conflict in Darfur in Suan. The confit tated when eels attacked government targets saying the mainly ‘rab government discriminated against black Alricans inthe region. Mary people say what is happening in Darfur is genocide asthe government ae trying to drive out black Alricans. Genocide has occurred in Rwanda, Burundi and Congo in recent years cara) to wowed for moe (UH, Sar Se arcane €e One ofthe biggest problems Every year millions of | ine in ic “The main reason for fait sn kills the crops and leaves both the people sey Br animals without fod ot water. Another caso is at Tan” enough money | Ne i cent a they do ot hve enough MON) aa eed ation. In Africa, 34% of people suffer ft | ty oe the pol = 20 yn tn geoph edt ep ou! bay healthy). in Altica is famine people risk dying of hunger. drought (lack of water). whiel RD UTS TALK * Form groups of five or six students and choose one ofthe subjects above Find out more about it and prepare a short lesson (10 minutes) for the rest ofthe class. Use the information you discover to create a poster on the subject. 3 ([ Another serious problem US in Africa is that of child } N25 ‘was a highly trainer killer. Now she lives in Denmark. and campaigns to help child soldiers. Read and listen to this extract from her book, Child Soldier: Fighting for my Life He tok me outo the parade and asked me my name | old him my name ad he count pronounce ian then | looked down and he sid to me, ‘Look at me! You, wth your small Chinese ees ooked at him and then he sid, ‘China | left ight, China ft iht “Iwas the only one with nickname. There were others | with names of Sui’, ‘Chuck Noni, Rambo, Strike Commande, and you fel with tat rame tat you can kl | the entre bataon alone We were told thatthe gun was cur mother was our end, was our eveything”lazy ele Ae KEYWORDS Ecce os TRUTH AND RECONCILIATION 2 RO the text. Do you think people who commit ‘© crimes should be let go? Why/Why not? Discuss with a partner (ne ofthe ways in which South Arica has ted to come to texms withthe legacy of apartheid is though the Truth and Reconciliation Commission. The Commision was subttled Healing our Fast, and it gave people on both sides a chance to tak about what had happened during apartheid and ranted amnesty to anyone who confessed to violent crimes Most people age that it was important for South Africans but many believe that those who had committed crimes should nat have been lt go. (fig U8 Northern ireland for more about the importance ED = of reconciliation (page 62). 3 (J) Listen to these people talking about life in South Arica now that apartheid has ended. ‘What has changed and what is still the same? same Different APARTHEID WORLD OF WORDS 1 Read the text. In your own words explain what the 4 When many people think of term apartheid means. South Africa they think of ‘Apartheid was the sytem of government in South Arica Nelson Mandela. Write a profile from 1948 to 1994. Apartheid was a system of racial of Mandela, illustreting it with segregation and meant that blacks and whites had to lve pictures or drawings. separately and go to different schools and shops. Black people had to live in certain pre-determined areas and could not vote, People were classified according to their race and mixed-race marriages were not permitted. Black people were deprived of a decent education, jab opportunities, healthcare and lving standards. Apartheid officially ended in 1994, ‘when South Africa held democratic elections and Nelson to www.worldaround.ce to find out more about Nelson Mandela. Read this extract from Nothing's Minds ie Nobd eran aa eco he ANTES chnpetymente ff ‘became the first black President of South Africa. 7! Afrika. In it the poet describes : Die pontylnewnderehfoa bude hes sSucterkeo | SEMESB Sa oe ese ase TRUE OR FALSE? and the soft labouring of my lungs, determined to be African tue Ci False om, to www.worldaround.ce to read the complete oem.STEVE BIKO 5 Read the text. Invent headings for paragraphs (1) to (4) (1) Stephen Bantu Biko was born in 1946 in King William’ “Town in South Africa. He became interested in anti apartheid politics at an early age. He enrolled in medical college and became involved inthe National Union of South African Students, He formed the South Altican Students Organisation in 1968, which provided legal and medical help to black people. In 1972 he became president (ofthe Black People's Convention, which raised awareness about civil rights and anti-apartheid issues (2) Biko was expelled from medical school and ‘banned’ by the apartheid government, The ban meant he could not leave his home town, nor make speeches in public. It was also forbidden to talk about him or mention his name. (3) Steve Biko was arested in 1977 and died from head injures while he was in prison. Intialy the police said he had died because of a hunger strike. They then said he had fallen and hit his head, Five policemen were accused of kiling Steve Biko, but they were released (4) Throughout his short life Biko encouraged black people to take control oftheir own destinies. He stessed the need for blacks to fight both mental and physical oppression. He dreamt of a South Alfica where blacks and whites could live together: “No race passeses the monopoly of beauty inteligence and force, and | wish for room for all of us in South Aca RO vers TAK Steve Biko said itis better to die for an idea that wil lve than to live or an idea that will de Do you agre? Divide the class into two groups. one for and cone against the idea. Debate the issue using examples from reali (You can look through World Around for ideas.) A rts 6 FG) steetita i the ali L Se subject of the film Src this song, Biko. Read and listen to the song. eee oa Biko ‘September ‘77 Pain vee aaa When I try to slep at night 1 can only dream in red The outside world is black and white With only one colour dead h Biko, Biko, because Biko (Oh Biko, Biko, because Biko Yihla Moja, Yihla Moja = The man is dead You can blow out a candle But you cant blow outa fire ‘Once the flames begin to catch ‘The wind will blow it higher ‘Oh Biko, Biko, because Biko Yihla Moja, Yinla Moja ~ The man is dead ‘And the eyes of the world are ‘watching now ‘watching now ‘What does “you can blow out a candle but you can blow out a fire” mean? What do you think is the message of this song? {WE the US for more about racial segregation and civil rights (page 68). Can you think of other places in the word where people are sill segregated or choose to live separately? With a partner discuss reasons why segregation exists. Together ‘write ways we can stop it. EE 123CStiesernee iee) AFRICA ISSUES eee eee 12 | AIDS | Read the texts, then answer the questions in Your World below. Aids kills 6.000 people every day in Arica, | Mote people die in Aca from Aids than because of ‘war or famine. Up to 3 out of every 5 people in Sub-Saharan Arica are HIV positive, More than 25 million Aficans are suffering from HIV or Aids, and over 95% of Aids ‘orphans (children whose parents have died from Ads) are from Africa WHAT IS AIDS? In 1981 a group of doctors in New York noticed a very aggressive form of cancer. The cancer was normally present in old people. but this time the affected people were young homosexual men. At the same time, other gay men in the US began suffering from rare lung infections. Doctors soon noticed that all the men had serious problems with thie immune systems. They were the first patents in the West to be diagnosed with Aids, a weakening of the immune system by human immunordeficiency virus, or HIV. People with HIV, and later Aids. lose the ability to fight diseases and viruses as ther bodies’ defence systems become permanently damaged. 124 Most researchers agree that HIV came from chimpanzees who had a similar disease. People who are HIV-positive do not automatically have Als, although many contract the disease within ten yeas. Currently thee is no cure for Aids, but there are drugs that can slow down the virus. HIV is transmitted through body fluid: when people have sex, when mothers feed their children, during blood transfusions or when needles ae shated, It is not transmitted by ordinary social contact (touching, kissing or sharing glasses etc) 2 What does your immune system do? Tick (/) below. Ca It makes your muscles stronger 1b Ithelps fight illness and disease. De Ithelps you grow. WHAT CAN BE DONE? ‘The UN says that early testing can help stop the spread of HIV and Aids in Africa. it also says that educating young people about the disease is fundamental to www.worldaround.cc for more about the UN and HIV and Aids. > ert terviews. What reasons do ive for the spread of Aids? ax =e b RP vers TAK ‘Which one do you agree with more? Discuss with 2 partner and explain why. Think about the following questions. What issues are involved? Try and come up with reasons why each situation should or should not happen. Share your answers withthe cass. 1 What is the point of being tested if there is no cure for HIV? 2 Should people with Aids be identified in the community? AED.FRIDA’S STORY 4 Read the text. Imagine how she feels at the various stages of her life. Frida isan orphan living atthe Anglican Childers Project, Lusaka Zambia, The Anglican Children’s Project i funded by UNICEE "When | was litle my mother didn't have a jb, so my uncle took me in and sent me to schoal, but before my second igade he ded. I was then passed onto my mothers sister. But my auntie couldn't afford to send me and her own children to school, so | stayed at home and did the housework 'Not long after! had maved in, auntie got very sick and died. ‘as too much for me to bear. | moved back in with my mum again "Mum had no job and was often sick, so we had no money. Alter awhile she became worse and had to stay in bed all day. No relatives helped us. A chutch group brought us some food when they visited. but the food never lasted very long, so | used to go out to beg for food or money. (One night my mother got much worse so I called a cousin, She came then got usa tax and tod the diver to take us tothe hospital, But she wouldn't come with me because she was scared she would catch whatever my mother had, | got nto the car and held my mother close. She died before we got tothe hospital. | was 8 years od, confused and alone. fet ke everyone | loved kept leaving me. eat much later that my mum knew she was dying and had asked the church to take me to an orphanage when she ded. She did't want me to be alone agin, | gues. Because of her | want to become a lawyer when | grow up. | want to fight forthe rights of people with HIV, because it seems that people with Ads have no right to love or cae | think something needs to be done about that ‘My life has changed. | know that Aids is out ther: | have seen and lived with it. f | could speak to the world, | would thank those people that have helped children like me. Because of them | have thee meals a safe, warm place to sleep, an education, and mast of all have people around me that love and car for me. | am very ‘thankful for that WORLD OF WORDS 5 Rewrite Frida’s story using the third person singular. Describe what happened in her past, what she is doi and what she wants to do in the future. |h Lombia over 110,000 children (under 17) have been orphaned by Aids cae Have you ever felt “confused and alone”? Think about a time you were lonely or unsure about what to do. How did you feel? What had happened? Try and write a shor. poem describing your feelings. How did you resolve the situation? Le RP cers TAK ‘What do you want to do when you grow up? Talk about it with a partner. Discuss what you know about the job, and what qualifications you will need (if any). Find out more about the job. and listen to AVES Gia I "25. this poem written by a teenager, Alex Michaels, about Aids. Do the activity below. } Aids Its there when you are. you can't see it, but it can see you. you can't touch it butt can touch you, you can't stop it but it can stop you. you can't hear it but it can hear you, you cart sme it but it can smell you, you can't kilt but it can kill you. AIDS. Now write your poem about Aids. Find metaphors cr similes that describe the disease. crm According to the UN, Aids isthe top cause of death in ‘Arica and the fourth cause of death in the worl. 125