NEW YORK SCHOOL/ SCIENCE DEPARTMENT

TEACHERS’ NAMES: LINA ARÉVALO AND GERMAN

QUIÑONEZ 8TH GRADE/ CHEMISTRY
LAB: ORGANIC FUNCTIONAL GROUP ANALYSIS

NAMES:Nicolas Diaz, Lucas Vanoy, Juanita Ortiz y Catalina González

CLASS: DATE: April 22

OBJECTIVES AND BACKGROUND

This experiment will introduce you to some of the more common functional groups of organic chemistry.The
functional group is that portion of the molecule that undergoes a structural change during a chemical reaction. The
functional groups that will be studied in this experiment are carboxylic acid, amines aldehyde, ketone, alcohols, and
alkenes.
You will learn chemical tests that will allow you to distinguish one functional group from another. You will use the
chemical tests to identify the functionality of an unknown organic compound. In addition, you will use a water solubility
test to determine whether your organic compound is of high or low formula weight.

You should create a Research Question that: how can we identify the different functional groups through different
experiments with reactants in a experiment

States a problem/ research question and identifies the relevant variables. The topic of the investigation is identified,
and a relevant and fully focused research question is clearly described.
[Phrased in a similar format to “What is the effect of the IV upon the DV in XXXX?”]

The chemical tests you will perform make up a sequence of experiments designed to determine the absence of or
suggest the presence of a particular functional group. In the first part of this lab practice you must create the
background information. The background information provided for the investigation is entirely appropriate
and relevant and enhances the understanding of the context of the investigation using at least two
investigation sources: three paragraphs max.
Chemistry 1st term: minimum 1 sources must be cited in the introduction (You could use
https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Organic_Chemistry/Supplemental_Modules_(Organic_Chemistry)/Al
c ohols/Reactivity_of_Alcohols to start)

Variables:
Variables (Independent, dependent, discuss) Likely impact upon the investigation
control, uncontrolet

Independent variable •.The variable of independent are the alcohols [Explain

[Describe the independent variable] how changing this variable would affect the
dependent variable]
Dependent variable •The variable of dependent is the reactive of the substances
[Describe the dependent variable] [Explain why the chosen variable is a good measure
to answer the research question]

Control variables ● The variable of Controls are the one that remains the
[What variables need to be kept constant same the amount of a chemical [Discuss how and
to ensure a fair test?] why these variables might impact the data
collected]

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Safety, Ethical and environmental considerations: One disadvantage of these alcohols is the greater production of
water vapor, which warms the atmosphere, and a lower quantity of sulfates, which cool it down, for which they
would contribute to a greater extent to causing the "greenhouse effect".We can minimize this when we leave the
residues of the experiment in a jar and do not notice them directly in the sewer.

[Comment on possible hazards, environmental, ethical and social impacts of the work, and say how they
will deal with to minimise the impact]
[State the final biological or chemical Disposal]
Safety data sheets
Recycled materials (sustainable)
Simulations – database

PROCEDURE
The following procedures are to be carried out first on samples of known compounds so that positive responses for
each test can be observed. When you feel confident that you can recognize a positive test for each procedure, obtain
an unknown from your instructor. Substitute your unknown for the known compound in each test. Use the flow diagram
on page 8 to follow your progress in identifying the functionality and molecular weight (high or low) of your unknown.
In test tube #2, place 2 mL of

Materials isopropanol In test tube #3, place 2 mL

of hexane

Test tubes 18
0.1 g of metallic sodium is added to each test tube
Tongues
and the reaction is observed.
Glass beaker 600 mL
Tripod
ID OF ALCOHOLS IN ACID MEDIUM.
Heating plate
Rack
The tubes are marked with the numbers 1 and 2.

Start by heating water in a 600 mL beaker. ID

In test tube #1, place 2 mL of methanol

OF ALCOHOLS WITH METALLIC SODIUM.

In test tube #2, place 2 mL of isopropanol.

Mark the tubes from 1 to 3

In test tube #1, add 1 mL of permanganate
solution. In test tube #2, add 1 mL of
In test tube #1, place 2 mL of methanol
 permanganate solution. In test tube #2, place 2 mL of
isopropanol

In test tube #1, add 1 mL of sulfuric

acid. In test tube #2, add 1 mL of In test tube #1, add 1 mL of permanganate
sulfuric acid. solution. In test tube #2, add 1 mL of permanganate
solution. In test tube #1, add 1 mL of NaOH

Observe the reaction. solution. In test tube #2, add 1 mL of NaOH

solution. ALDEHYDE ID WITH FEHLING

ID OF ALCOHOLS IN BASIC MEDIUM. The REAGENT

tubes are marked with the numbers 1 and 2.

Label 5 test tubes with the numbers 1 to 5.

In test tube #1, place 2 mL of methanol

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In test tube #1, place 2 mL of Methanol. In test In test tube #1, place 2 mL of Methanol. In
tube #2, place 2 mL of acetic aldehyde. In test test tube #2, place 2 mL of acetic aldehyde
tube #3, place 2 mL of acetone. In test tube
#4, place 2 mL of sucrose solution. In test
In test tube #1, add 5 drops of Tollen's reagent.
tube #5, place 2 mL of glucose solution.
In test tube #1, add 5 drops of Tollen's reagent.

In test tube #1, add 2 mL of Fehling's

observe the changes.
reagent. In test tube #2, add 2 mL of
Fehling's reagent. In test tube #3, add 2 mL
ID OF KETONES
of Fehling's reagent. In test tube #4, add 2
mL of Fehling's reagent. In test tube #5, add
Label 2 test tubes with the numbers 1 to 2.
2 mL of Fehling's reagent.

In test tube #1, place 1 mL of acetone. In test

Heat all test tubes in a water bath for 3 min.
tube #2, place 1 mL of acetic aldehyde.

After 3 minutes, place all the test tubes in the rack

In test tube #1, place 1 mL of distilled water.
and observe the changes. In test tube #2, place 1 mL of distilled water.

ID OF ALDEHYDES WITH TOLLENS REAGENT In test tube #1, place lugol until persistent coloration.
In test tube #2, place lugol until a persistent
Label 2 test tubes with the numbers 1 to 2. coloration.
 observe the changes.
ID OF ACIDS WITH pH INDICATOR.
The tubes are marked with the numbers 1 and 2.
In test tube #1, place 1 mL of acetic acid.
In test tube #2, place 1 mL of methanol.
Using an indicator paper, measure the pH of the
solution in test tube #1 and compare it to the scale
on the indicator paper container.
Using an indicator paper, measure the pH of the
solution in test tube #2 and compare it to the scale
on the indicator paper container.
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solution of Br2 in dichloromethane (CH2Cl2). An
alkene will rapidly decolorize at least ten drops
Report Sheet: Experiment 1
Test 1. ID OF ALCOHOLS IN ACID MEDIUM.
Known compound tested: methanol,isopropanol,
hexane
Observations: it changes the color it was purple
and them it changes to brown
Chemical equation: methanol CH3OH
iso propanol C3H8O
hexano C₆H₁₄
Test 2, OF ALCOHOLS WITH METALLIC SODIUM.
Known compound tested: Methanol, isopropanol,
metallic sodium
Observations: In the first tube, it starts to make
bubbles, smoke, and it starts to get hot, the rock
In test tube #1, place 1 mL of saturated sodium
bicarbonate solution.
In test tube #2, place 1 mL of saturated sodium
bicarbonate solution.
Using indicator paper, measure the pH of the final
solution in test tube #1.
Using indicator paper, measure the pH of the final
solution in test tube #2.
Take note of the change
DECOLORIZATION OF BROMINE: DIAGNOSIS OF
ALKENE.
Known compound to be tested:
cyclohexene. Place two drops of the known
compound in a dry test tube. Add dropwise
a1%
starts to thin out. In the second, there are small
quantities of bubbles, smoke, and the tube
fogged up. And in the third one, the rock didn't
thin up and there were small quantities of
bubbles.
Chemical equation: methanol CH3OH
iso propanol C3H8O
Test 3.ID OF ACIDS WITH pH INDICATOR.
kown compound tested: ethanol
Observations:1 test tube blue with white
2 test tube blue with yellow
3 test tube with blue transparent
4 test tube blue
5 test tube blue dark
1 no change
 2 green below transparent above Known compound tested:

3blue below transparent above Observations:

4 light green Chemical equation:
5 transforms to green

And so on.
of the bromine solution. Record your results for
chemical equation:
each compound tested.

Test 4.
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Conclusions:
 Chemical Test Observations Conclusions

Test 1 color change to brown (from purple in conclusion it change the color
to brown) tube 1 smells like and in tube 1 still smell like alcohol
alcohol. tube 2 is more brown

Test 2 In the first tube ,it starts to make all the tubes makes bubbles but
bubbles,smoke and start to the different is that in one the
heat.the stone dissolves.in the stone dissolves and the others the
second,make bubbles but few, it stone don't dissolves
smokes, the tube fogged up. in the
third the stone was not diluted,
smoke come out and it make few
bubbles

Test 3 1st: blue and white all the tubes change it color and
2:blue going to yellow in all the tubes colors were
3rd: transparent blue different
4th: blue
5th: dark blue

Test 4 1st : brown the color was the only change

2 : dark purple that we can see

Test 5

Test 6

Test 7

Evaluation, improvements and next steps:

In this case, it can be said that the experiment reagents were expired and that they could not grasp the
functions of each chemical very well,the faults of the implements are not complete in each station, and
the lack of the order of each implement. Such limitations of the data and method are discussed and
provide evidence of a clear understanding of the methodological issues involved in establishing the
conclusion.

It is necessary to improve the materials of each season, not have expired ingredients, have all the
implements where they are.[Suggest specific, measurable improvements for the method, if no
improvements are necessary state that instead]
[If improvements refer to a change of equipment the correct name and size should be included in the
description of the improvement]

[Suggest next steps and extensions based upon the conclusion:

If the level of support is strong look to extend the investigation, possibly look at different independent
 variables
If the level of support is weak look to repeat the investigation, possibly modify the method, change the
way the dependent variable is measured or collect more data, carry out more repeats]

Bibliography:
[Cite all references using APA rules]
https://www.grammarly.com/ (optional)

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Self Evaluation:

Complete the following chart with a cross for all which apply. By the end, in the column called “total score”, sum
up all your “x”.
Student I I I I have I see the I I have Total
comprehe brough participat participat importance comprehe taken score
nd the t my ed in all ed in de of nd the notes in
experime own the developme understandi conclusio my
nt lab experiments nt of the ng the ns that notebo
complete security lab reactivity of have ok
ly materia report organic arisen along
ls compounds from the the
comple experiment term
te

Catalin x x x x x 5
a
Gonzál
ez
Martíne
z

lucas x x x x x x 6
vanoy
castro

Juanita x x x x x x 6
Ortiz
Blanco

Nicolas x x x x x x 6
Andrés
Díaz
Romer
o
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