Executive Post Graduate Diploma in Management

Term : 1

Subject:OBHRM

FACULTY: DR. RAMESH M SWAMY

Alliance University: Executive PGDM
Chapter 3
Personality,

Dr. Ramesh M Swamy

Variables Influencing
Individual Behavior
The Person
• skills & abilities
• personality
• perception
• attribution
• attitudes
• values
• ethics
Variables Influencing
Individual Behavior
The Person
• skills & abilities The Environment
• personality • organization
• perception • work group
• attribution • job
• attitudes • personal life
• values
• ethics
Variables Influencing
Individual Behavior
The Person
• skills & abilities The Environment
• personality • organization
• perception • work group
• attribution • job
• attitudes • personal life
• values
• ethics

Behavior
Interactional Psychology
Approach
The Person
• skills & abilities The Environment
• personality • organization
• perception • work group
• attribution • job
• attitudes • personal life
• values
• ethics

Behavior

B = f(P,E)
Definition of Personality

Personality - A relatively stable set of

characteristics that influences an
individual’s behavior
Personality Theories

Trait Theory - understand individuals by breaking

down behavior patterns into observable traits
Psychodynamic Theory - emphasizes the
unconscious determinants of behavior
Humanistic Theory - emphasizes individual
growth and improvement
Integrative Approach - describes personality as
a composite of an individual’s psychological
processes
Big Five Personality Traits

Extraversion Gregarious, assertive,

sociable
Agreeableness Cooperative, warm,
agreeable
Conscientiousness Hardworking, organized,
dependable
Emotional stability Calm, self-confidant,
cool
Openness to Creative, curious,
Experience cultured

Sources: P.T. Costa and R. R. McCrae, The NEO_PI Personality Inventory (Odessa, FL: Psychological Assessment
Resources, 1992) and J.F. Salgado, “The Five Factor Model of Personality and Job Performance in the European
Community,” Journal of Applied Psychology, 82 (1997): 30-43.)
Personality Characteristics
in Organizations
Locus of Control
Internal External
People and
I control what
circumstances control
happens to me!
my fate!
 Personality Characteristics
in Organizations
Self-Efficacy - belief and expectations about one’s
ability to accomplish a specific task effectively
Sources of self-efficacy
 Prior experiences
 Behavior models (observing success)
 Persuasion
 Assessment of current physical & emotional
capabilities
Personality Characteristics
in Organizations
Self - Esteem
Feelings of Self Worth

Success tends Failure tends

to increase to decrease
self-esteem self-esteem
Personality Characteristics
in Organizations
Self - Monitoring
Behavior based on cues from people & situations
 High self monitors  Low self monitors
 flexible: adjust  act from internal
behavior according states rather than
from situational cues
to the situation and
the behavior of  show consistency
others  less likely to respond
 can appear to work group norms
or supervisory
unpredictable & feedback
inconsistent
Personality Characteristics
in Organizations
Positive Affect - An individual’s
tendency to accentuate the
positive aspects of oneself, other
people, and the world in general
Negative Affect - An individual’s
tendency to accentuate the
negative aspects of oneself, other
people, and the world in general
Personality Characteristics
in Organizations
A strong
situation can
overwhelm the effects
of individual personalities
by providing strong cues
for appropriate
behavior
Personality Characteristics
in Organizations

Strong
personalities
will dominate
in a weak
situation
How is Personality Measured?

Projective Test - elicits an individual’s response to

abstract stimuli
Behavioral Measures - personality assessments that
involve observing an individual’s behavior in a
controlled situation
Self-Report Questionnaire - assessment involving an
individual’s responses to questions
Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) - instrument
measuring Jung’s theory of individual differences.
Myers-Briggs Type Indicator

 Based on Carl Jung’s work

 People are fundamentally different
 People are fundamentally alike
 People have preference combinations for
extraversion/introversion, perception,
judgment
 Briggs& Myers developed the MBTI to
understand individual differences
MBTI Preferences

Preferences Represents

Extraversion Introversion How one

re-energizes
Sensing Intuiting How one gathers
information
Thinking Feeling How one makes
decisions
Judging Perceiving How one orients to the
outer world
CASE STUDY DISCUSSED

1.Ela R Bhatt –The Gentle Revolutinary

2. Not your Stereotypical CEO