Experiment 4: Driven Damped Harmonic

.Oscillations
Al Harith Hashil Al-Farsi
ID: 128031

:Abstract
The aim of this experiment is to determine the resonant frequency of oscillator. That
will be in three methods, first one by observing the damped oscillations of disc
directly. Second method by use the disc moment of inertia and torsional spring
constant. Third method, take from resonance curve of the forced oscillations and
.phase difference between varying driving frequencies

:Introduction
The oscillation system have a different type of oscillation. Frist is called damped
harmonic oscillation whose amplitude decrees exponentially with time. Second, is the
.undamped harmonic oscillation which mean the amplitude is constant with time

:Theory
We want in this experiment to measure the frequency by using three method in
oscillating system whose contains two spring connected to a disc, where the disk will
.oscillate as torsion pendulum

:Then we calculate the rotational inertia of disk by using

1
I = M R2 ( 1 )
2
M : the mass of disc R : radius of disc

: And by using torque of disc we can determine the spring constant

τ =rF
:We can calculate the Period T in torsion pendulum by

T =2 π
√ I
k
(2)

:Then the frequency

f ₒ=
1
2π √ k
I
(3)

.Where k is spring constant and I is rotational inertia

: And F = mg the disk will turn by angel , then we calculate the k constant by
τ rmg
k= = ( 4)
θ θ
And in this experiment we get from the graph of torque versus angel (in radian)

:We defined the phase difference φ between the driver and disc by
∆t
φ=2 π ( 5)
T
: Examine the dependance of phase difference on driving frequency ω
When ω → 0
−1
φ=tan ( 0 )=0

ω ° = When ω

−1 π
φ=tan (∞ ¿)= ¿
2

∞ = When ω
−1
φ=tan ( ∞ ) =π

:Procedure
 In first part we will use

:Data
:Part 1
Trial Period(T ± ∆ T )s Frequency(f ± ∆ f )Hz Angular speed ω (rad /s )
number
1 ±0.02 2.00 ±0.005 0.50 0.03 ± 3.14
2 ±0.01 2.01 ±0.002 0.49 0.01 ± 3.07
3 ±0.02 1.99 ±0.005 0.50 0.03 ± 3.14
4 ±0.02 1.98 ±0.005 0.51 0.03 ± 3.20
5 ±0.02 2.02 ±0.005 0.49 0.03 ± 3.07

:Calculation
:Part 1
22.90+ 22.98
t 1= =22.94 s
2
30.98+ 30.88
t 1= =30.93 s
2
22.90−22.98
∆ t 1= =0.04 s
2
30.98−30.88
∆ t 2= =0.05 s
2
: Calculate the period
 t 2−t 1 30.93−22.94
T= = =1.99 s
number of oscillation (n) 4
∆ t 2 + ∆t 1 0.05+0.04
∆T= = =0.02 s
number of oscillation( n) 4

: Calculate the frequency

∆T
∆f= 2
T
1
f=
T
1
f ° 1= =0.50 Hz
2.00
0.02
∆ f 1= =0.005 Hz
2.002

ω=2 πf
ω 1=2 π ( 0.5 ) =3.14 rad / s

∆ ω=2 π ∆ f
rad
∆ ω=2 π ( 0.005 )=0.03
s

:Average frequency
0.5+0.49+ 0.5+0.51+0.49
f avg= =0.5 Hz
5

√
N
1
σ= ∑ (f −f )2
N i=1 1 avg

σ=
√ 1
5
2
(0.5−0.5)2+ …+ ( 0.49−0.5 ) =0.005 Hz

σ 0.005
∆ f avg = = =0.002 Hz
√5 √5
f avg ± ∆ f avg =( 0.500 ±0.002 ) Hz
:Graph 1
.Angular speed versus time

: Part 2
.Determine the spring constant
We use different masses in this part and attached them on spring gradually and record
the result of oscillating. Then plot graph of angular position versus time , and from the
.graph we can get data to calculate spring constant
Mass Angel(deg) Angel(rad) Torque (Nm)
10 0.3 ± 61.0 0.005 ± 1.065 0.00049 ± 0.00151
20 0.3 ± 137.0 0.005 ± 2.391 0.00094 ± 0.00303
40 0.3 ± 273.0 0.005 ± 4.765 0.00196 ± 0.00607
60 0.3 ± 382 0.005 ± 6.667 0.00294 ± 0.00911
80 0.3 ± 533 0.005 ± 9.303 0.00392 ± 0.01215

:Calculation
Error of angel in degree estimated to be 0.3

: To change angel from degree to radian

π
θr =θdegree ×
180
 π
θr 1=61.0 × =1.065 rad
180
: Error of angel in radian
π
∆ θ r=∆ θdegree ×
180
π
∆ θ r=0.03 × =0.005 rad
180

Diameter of pully D = (31 ± 0.025) mm

D 31
Radius of pully r = = = 15.5 mm
2 2
∆ D 0.025
∆r= = =0.0125 mm
2 2

: Torque
τ =mgr

τ =( 10 ×10 ) ( 9.8 ) ( 15.5 ×10 )=0.00148 Nm

−3 −3

: Error of Torque
∆ τ=mg ∆ θr

∆ τ 1=( 10 ×10−3 ) ( 9.8 )( 0.005 )=0.00049 Nm

:Plot 2
Torque versus Angel
: From graph

The relation τ =θκ the slope of graph represent the K (spring constant)

κ=( 0.0 0 1 32± 0.00 37 8 ) Nm/rad

:Part 3
From the plot 1 we take the slope with give us the spring constant and the find inertia
.to get the period and the frequency

Diameter of disc D =( 96.10 ± 0.05) mm

Error of the radius ∆R = ∆D / 2 = 0.05 / 2 = 0.03 mm
Radius of disc R = ( 48.05 ± 0.03) mm
Mass of disc M = (120.9 ± 0.05) g
:Inertia
1 2
I= M R
2
1 2
I = ( 120.9 ×10−3 ) ( 48.0 5 ×10−3 ) =0.00014 Kg . m2
2
:Error of inertia

1
∆ I = M R2 (
2
∆M 2
M √
) + 4(
∆R 2
R
)

√
2 2
1 0.05 0.03
∆ I = (120.9× 10−3 )(48. 05 ×10−3 ) ( ) +4 ( )
2 120.9 ×10
−3
48.05 ×10
−3

∆ I =0.00 018 Kg . m2

T =2 π
√ I
κ
=2 π
√
0.00014
0.0 0132
=2.05 s

Δ I + √3 Δ k= ( 0.00018 ) + √
π π I π π 0.00014
∆T= ( 0.00378 )
√ κI 2 √ ( 0.00132 )( 0.00014 ) 3
2
κ ( 0.00132 )
Δ T =4.25 s
1 1
f= = =0.5 Hz
T 2.05
∆T 4.2
∆f= 2
= 2
=0.9 Hz
T (2.05)
f =( 0.5 ± 0.9 ) Hz
 : Part 4
:Data
High frequency Resonance frequency Low frequency

T(s) ∆t(s) Ꝋ (rad) T(s) ∆t(s) Ꝋ (rad) T(s) ∆t(s) Ꝋ

(rad)
High 0.19
damping
Low
damping

∅ calculation :
=T
∆ T =¿

∆ t=¿
2π
∅= =¿
T