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 LEARN ABOUT THE FEATURES

ABOUT YOU
Start each unit by
talking about you, your
life and the unit topic
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PREPARE TO WRITE ,.~~~ -::=:.-
l~arn useful tiPS to help
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check your writing ::::::..;=--:-...-

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EXAM TASKS

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PREPARE TO SPEAK -:::.-
Learn useful words and
phrases lor effective
communication

VIDEO
Watch Interviews
with teen.-.gers
llkc you

r
 CULTURE
Learn about the culture or
English-speaking countries
and the wider world

VIDEO
Watch interesting
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documentaries about ·.~:::- _,,,,

the culture topics ::.:.:~..:.•:::··

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LIFE SKILLS
Develop important skills
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that you can use in your
daily life
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Work together to create
something fun and expand
you r learning
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REVIEW
Check your progress

E·-.·- --·-- -----~----

 c::1$ 4 Read the descriptions and choose t he correct
02
Ci adjectives. Then listen and check.
1 I thmk Lucas ,s really polite / careless. For
instance, when he wants to borrow something,

llt Ifj :jijf,j;r■

11
Desvribing people
·-------------
he a1ways says please.
2 My brother's called ,\Ifie. He takes my things
without asking. He thinks he's funny / polite,

l@.li) 1 Look at the photos and listen to three people

but he doesn't make me laugh!
3 Grace is very miserable / friendly. I see her every

© 01
tal king about .someone in t heir family. Who is
each speaker describing?
morning on her way to school. She alwitys says
hello. r-::'\)
U
I brother dad sister mum
4 Alfie talks a lot .. like his mum! He's someti mes
bit co nfident / careless with homework. I try to
encourage him to check it, but he doesn~t alw~
Lucas is describing his .. . dolt. 0
2 Alfie is describing his .. . s Grace is a great friend . She's always smiling, and
3 Grace is describing her .. . she's never miserable / polite. She really makes
me laugh.

0 2 Add the words to the table.

~ attr-active bald blonde curly
6 Lucas knows what he's good at, so he's quite a
careless / confident boy. He can a lso be quite
a lazy person though. His room i s always really
dark elderly fair good-looki ng untidy!
handsome middle-aged pretty
straight teenage
in his/her (early/ late) twenties/thirties 0 Match t he adjectives to their opposites in Exercise 4.

careful cheerful rude serious

shy unfriendly
Age
Looks attractive
Hair
6 Which adjectives in Exercises 4 and S describe you?

7 Work i n pairs. Describe someone you both know.

3 Describe someone in the photos. Can your partner Describe w hat t hey look like and w hat k ind of
guess who it is? person they are. Can your partner guess who it is?

Hc:s a tecna c bo and he's good~lookin . She's got straight hair and she's vc confident.

Is it Alfie? Is it Ana?

f UNIT1

1 Read the information about part o f a school
website. Discuss the questions.
1 Have you got something similar in your school?
2 What do you think of tho idea?
BRYANS HIGH SCHOOL
Would you like to m~t other students at
Bryans High School w ho share your hobbies
and interests? It's easy with all.about.me.
Read the three profiles again. Write the correct
name.
1 ____ is interested in doing a job related
to his/her hobby.
l is looking forward to learning a new
activity.
3 ____ is learning a new skill with help from
a relative.
4 ____ agrees with other people about his/her
personality.
5 ____ would like to go to another country.
6 ____ might get a prize soon.
5 Match the highlighted words and phrases in

Clid: l:wJl and croate ar1 account.

A Lucas's and Grace's profiles with the meanings.
~1
Post .., photo and your profile - tell
everyone about you. your interests and
your' plMS.
Read ~bout oth er students and clk:k on
'Connet.1' to make new fn ends.
be involved in an activity, with other people
2 become better
3 someone with no brothers or sisters
4 write computer programs
5 be very interested in something
6 able to stay calm and not get angry, especially
when something takes a long time

l
0 Three students have posted information on
a/I.about.me. Read the profiles below and ignore
any gaps. Match each person to one interest.
TALKING POINTS
Who would you most like to spend time w ith -
going to the cinema fashion
Alfie, Lucas or Grace? Why?
technology fitness Is it i mportant to have the same interests as
your friends? Why? f Why not?
3
0 •
Now read Alfie's profile again. Write ONE word
for each gap.

My name~ Alfie. I live with my

Hi everyone. I'm Lucas. I live
with my parents. my s•ster and
my two b rothers. Some o f my
classmates think I'm quite serious,
bul I don't ~gree. I'm j ust a bit
shy, and I'm quite indepondont.
My main intcrost outside of school
is computers and gaming. But
I'm not j ust a gamer. Right now,
I'm ta ng pa!\' in a competition
for young game desigrn'!rs. So at
weekends, I'm learning to f Ode
with my aunt. She's a professiooal
ced ar. She's also a <eally patient
teacher- I'm findll,g
ceding impossible
at the moment!
my mum a,'KJ dad. I'm an
01)ly child - so no brothers o<
sisters. My friends and family
say I'm a cheerful person. And
they're righ t. I think there's always
something to smile about! In my
free time, frn ,ntovarious typical
teenc'!lge hobbies, but my Favourite
is sport. I'm in tha school hockey
and football tc.ams. And this year
I'm having tennis lessons, I'm really
aking progress, I d,ink. In a fe-,.,1
months, I'm going on a kayaking
trip w ith my cousin. We'vP.
never done it before
but wt/ra really
excited.
mum, dad and sister, M elissa.
right opposite th e school. I'm
quite friendly and funny, but I
1_ _ _ _ be q uite serious at times,
too. One 1 _ _ ___ my b iggest
interests is film: thrilletS, dr."lmil,
sdenoo fiction - I don't mind. 1liko
watching 3 • - - - · all. OnG day, I
think I'd like to work 4_ _ _ _ film.
This year, I want to visit a film
sn1dio. There's$ near
London ..vhere ail;ightHarry Potter
hims were made. M y dream is
, ___ fly m I lollywood
and see a stu<lio there.

♦+Mliiif
ALL ABOUT ME
 GRAMMAR Present simple and continuous o '5 Complete the sentences with the positive
or negative form of the verbs in Exercise 5.
Sometimes more than one answer is possible.

0 1 Match the examples to the rules.

1 Right now, I'm taking part in a competition for
young game designers.
O My uncle 9)Vf'S three cars.
1 Ruby's very friendly. We really
2 I
her.
how old he is. He looks about 14.
2 In a few months, I'm going on a kayaking trip 3 What _____ this word ___ _?
1;11ith my cousin. 4 I'm feeling miserable today. 1 _ _ _ _ cold
3 My friends and family say I'm a cheerful person. weather.
4 This term, I'm having tennis lessons.
s I live with my parents.

We use the present simple to talk about:

0 7
s You're speaking too quickly and I _____ you.
Choose t he correct form of t he verbs.
(;) 1 We have/ 're having problems with the
a facts. computers at the moment.
b something that happens regularly. 2 I need J'm needing some new shoes.
3 t write i 'm writing to you about a trip we are
We use the present continuous for.
planning in November.
c something that is happening right now or
4 Tonight she goes/ 's going to the cinema with
around now.
some friends.
d temporary situations.
s This term I have I 'm having some extra maths
e future plans.
lessons.
6 I never forget / 'm never forgetting my homework.
)) GRAMMAR REFERENCE AND PRACTICE PAGE tall 8 >> Work with a partner. Turn to page 120.
2
0 Complete the sentences with the present simple
or continuous form of the verbs in brackets.
l I ____ (get) home at five o'clock every day.
VOCABULARY Prefixes: un-, in-, im--
2 Mum _ _ _ (work) late this week.
3 Look at Dan. He _____ (not concentrate).
4 __ you ____ (do) anything interesting next ~
/0 1 Read the examples. Then write the opposites of
(ID the adjectives, 1-12.
weekend?
5 She _____ (play) the guitar and the piano.
I m finding cod,ng 1mposs,bl e at the moment!
6 He always _ _ (go) swimming on Saturdays. Lucas's room is always really untidy.
I'm quite independent.
Look at Exercises 1 and 2. Are these time words
and phrases used with the present simple (PS) or
present continuous (PC)?
1 kind
4 expensive
7 visible
2 friendly
s known
8 healthy
3 patient
6 polite
9 well
0
at the moment / right now
never, sometimes, always
PC 10 fair 11 lucky 12 correct
Agree with these sentences. Use an adjective from
©
every day/week/year Exercise 1 or its opposite.
this month/term/week
later, tomorrow, tonight o A: I didn't recognise any of the actors in that film.
on Saturdays, at weekends B: They were all . unknmvr> , I think.
next week/weekend/ month 1 A: Dad never waits /or me!
B: You're right. He's very ______•
4 Write six sentences about you. Use the time words
2 A: Mum's still in bed!
and phrases in Exerdse 3.
B: I know. She's feeling really ___ .
3 A: It's important to wear bright clothing on a
Right now, I'm having on English /esso,1. bike at night.
B: Yes, you need to be _____ to drivers.
5 Read the information about t he verbs. Check the 4 A; We have to be home at 10.30. That's so early!
meaning of the verbs you don't know. B: Yeah. It's realty ____.
We don't use some verbs in continuous forms.
s A: I can't believe you found your phone!
B: I know. I'm so ____
These verbs are catted stative verbs and include:
6 A: The last question in the homework was hard !
l>e/ieve, hote. know, like, love, mean, need, own,
B: Yes! I got the same answer as you, but Mrs
prefer, uncferstancl, I•1anr.
Thomas said it was
I don't understand this question.
NOT fm-not undersumding this question. 3 }} Work with a partner. Turn to page 120,

f UNIT1
 An online profile

1 Read the two online profiles. Which person is most like you? Why?

-----,--,~~-::-=-=-::---:-.:. : :-=-==-=-= I' m Tom, but my online nome is Snowy- my hoir

is very blonde! I'm Brilish, but I'm ljying in the
USA right now beoouse my parents ore working
here. I go to Corson High School in Boston.
I think I'm quite intelligent ond very, friendly.
Some people d isogree, of course' I'm really into
music ond I ploy the guitar. I ~ every day
and l'm starting to write my own songs. You con
heor a lew of them online.

My name's Felicity, but everyone calls me Flic. I'm

Vogue
from Australio. My hobbies o re fashion, fashion
and fashion - especially from !he 1970s and 80s.
AG! 16 Oh, and I o lso love music. I'm learning to ploy the
Q COUIUR'I drums at the moment. They're really loud.
Au!ttrolia

•
Ill
MEMBEIISIN(E March 2018

NUMBEIIOFPOSII 349
I'm fairly con~deot, but sometimes I'm a bif coreless
with my school work. My friends soy I'm cheerfvl
and friendly but I know thot I con sometimes be
impatient. I'm trying lo change!

Read the Prepare to write box. Which phrases do Look at the highlighted adverbs in the profiles. (";:\)
Tom and Felicity use: in their profiles? Add them to the table. \:_)
Make adjectives Make adjectives
PREPARE TO WRITE weaker stronger
An online profile quire
In an online profile:
• introduce yourself': I'm ... , My name's ... , S Complete the sentences fo r you.
I 'm from .
• say what kind of person you are: (I think) 1 I'm very... 4 My friends say I'm ...
I'm very/quite ... , My friends say I'm ... ,
2 I'm fairly... s I think I can be
1con sometimes be ...
3 Sometimes I'm quite. .. a bit ...
• talk about your hobbies and interests: 6 Make notes for your online profile. Use the ideas
I'm interested in ... , I'm (really) into ..• , to help you.
My hobbies are ..
• say what you're learning at the moment: my name hobbies and interests
At the moment I'm ... , Right now I'm ... , facts about me things I'm learning at
, what I'm like the moment
Write your online profile.

0 3 Look at the underlined verbs in the profiles.

What verb form do Tom and Flic use for:
1 their likes and dislikes, and things they do
Use the plan and phrases in the
Prepare co wrice box.
Use adverbs to make adjectives
regularly? stronger and weaker.
2 things they're doing at the moment? Write about 80 words.
Remember to check your
spelling and grammar.

ALL ABOUT ME - ,
 ABOUT YOU
0 0 01 Watch the video and then
answer the questions.
What are you wearing today?
What fashions do you like?
Which colours or clothes look good
on you?

VOCABULARY Clothes: adjectives

Look at the photos. Who are the people

and what are they wearing? Then listen
and check.
listen to an interview with three
teenagers. Are they talking about:
a what's fashionable at the moment?
b what clothes they might buy?

(o
~
t.J& 3
c what they like wearing?

Read the questions. Then listen again

" ,!!\ and write A {Ashley), M {Molly) or
,.., L(Luke).
/ / ' \.
\J
1 Whose clothes are comfortable?
2 Whose jeans are skinny?
3 Who is wearing something brand new?
CD
0 4 Who doesn't wear smart clothes?
s Who isn't interested in trendy clothes?
6 Who is very well-dressed today?

0 4 Match the adjectives to their opposites in

I!':,, Exercise 3. How many adjectives can you
'iii' match to each photo?

b;ld1y-(lfessed casual
loose-fitting second-hand
uncomfortable unfashionable

bad/y.drcssod well dressed

5 Discuss the questions.

1 What do you like wearing? What types
of clothing do you never wear? Why?
2 Oo you generally prefer smart or casual
clothes? Why?
3 How important is it for you to wear
trendy clothes?

f UNIT2 •
 It started with the 1954 song Rock Around
rhe Clock by Bill Haley and the Comets.
Although lh• older generalion didn't
understand rod 'n'roll, teenagers fell in love
with it straight away. It was a new sound -
lively and exciting - and with It came new
fashions in,dothing, Young men wore smart
suits with skinny ties, like the popular singers
Buddy Holly and Elvis Presley. Young women
liked gfoups such as The Supremes, and they
wore loose•fitting skirts which looked great
when they danced.
In the 1960s, rock bands like The Rolling
Sto<1es became symbols of thegrowing
youth culture. Young women wore very
, short 'mini skirts' - the older generation was
shocked! The mid· 1960s to 1he mid•70s
was the hippie erd, Young hippies were
interested in peace and love, and they
listened to The Beatles, Dusty Springfield
and Joni Mitchell. Men and women alike
7 had long hair and wore flowery clothing
i and sandals.
• ~ The punk musk of the late 70s was loud and
angry, and the hendsmatched lhe musk.
Punks wanted to shock people.
1 How many bands and singers from the last century can you
name? Read the article quickly. Does it mention any of t hem?
Read the article again. Choose t he correct answers.
1 Before the 1950s, teenagers
A didn~t listen to music very much.
B listened to the same music as adults.
2 In the 1950s, teenage boys
A joined rock 'n' roll bands.
B wore clothes similar to the pop stars.
3 In the 1960s,
A fashions shocked some people.
B hippies wore mini skirts.
4 Punks in the late 70s
A wore colourlut clothing.
B didnit wear brand new clothes.
s Hi p hop si ngers of the 1990s liked
A wearing jewellery.
B wearing smart suits.
6 Nowadays, people
A get their fashion ideas from YouTubers.
B wear similar clothing to Taylor Swift and Ed Sheeran.
They dressed in second-hand dothes, which
they often co,e,to look more individual. and
their hairstyles were coloorhJl and m~S'-)·
Teenagers were into bands like The Clash and
singers like Debbie Harry and Patti Smith. In
lho 1980s, long curty hair and bright colours
v1Ere trendy, and people listened to Midlael
Jackson, Madonna and U2.
By the 1990s., teens wece In love with the Jook'
artd sound of singers llke- lkill\ey Spears. 11was
al5-0 the decade of'boy bands' and 'girl bands'
- the Backstreet Bo)'S a.nd the Spice Girlswere
'top of the pops: Black Amelie.an music called
hip hop became popular internalionally.
Hip hop stars wore tracksuits, gold rings and
necklaces,.and they sang about having money
<md driving expensive cars.
Today, people are interested in the styles
of their favourite YouTubers and tunes
by superstar DJs like Calvin Hatris.
Holtywood actors or bestselling singers
such asTaylor Swift and Ed Sheeran
are also popular.There are dozens of
genres of rock and dance music and.
thanks to the intemet, music and
dothing fashions are here today
and gone tomorrow.
OJ Match the!h]ghlighted words in
the article to the meanings.
1 fashions or styles
2 pulled something in order to break it
3 untidy or dirty
4 young people in general
s someone's appearance
6 what people wear in general
TALKINGPOINTS
Why do young people like to dress
differently from their parents and
grandparents?
Why do you think people choose to
dress l ike music stars?
INFASHION ~
 GRAMMAR Past simple Make questions about last weekend.
o w hat/you / do / last weekend?

0 1 Read the examples and complete the r ules with words

from the box.
1 They listened to the same kind of music.
What did you do lost weekend?
O you/ go/ shopping?
o,d you go shopping?
1 w hich friends/ you/ meel?
2 They didn't understand rock 'n' roll. 2 you/ play/ any sports?
3 What did they wear? 3 what/ watch / on TV?

I did -dor-ed I 6
4 you/ go/ to bed late?

In pairs, ask and answer the questions in

Exercise 5.
We use the past simple to talk about finished past actions A: What did you do lost weekend?
and states. B: We went to London.
a Regular verbs end with __ ___ In the affirmative, but
A: Did you go shopping?
a lo t of common verbs are irregular.
B: Yes, we did. / No, we didn't.
b We form oegativesentences with ____ + infinitive.
c We form questions with _ ___ + infinitive.
VOCABULARY Adverbs
)) GRAMMAR REFERENCE AND PRACTICE PAGE 139
we can form adverbs from adjectives.
0 2
@
Choose the correct words.
1 I choose<// chose some new shoes for the party.
2 I heord I heored the new Harry Styles single.
What are the adjective forms of the
adverbs in t he examples?
1 Hip hop became popular
3 My sister and I enjoyed/ enjoicd shopping last Saturday. internationally.
4 Oid you get I got any new clothes? 2 He shouted at us angrily.
5 He read/ red the lyrics of the songs before he sung/ sang 3 You need to work hard.
them.
6 I didn't met / meet your friends at the concert.
7 When did you go I went shopping?
(0 .l. Complete the table with adverbs from the
~ adjectives in the box.
8 We planned I planed to go to a concert in Hyde Park but
they cancelled it . 8" ,6tii,g bad careful early
fost good healthy heavy
Complete the sentences about you. Use the past simple
honest lazy lucky polite
positive or negative form of the verbs.
quick rude serious
__ (wear) jeans yesterday.
©
iI
2 I ____ (get) clothes for my last birthday.
0 3 My parents _ _ _ (buy) the clothes I'm wearing.
4 My family and I _ _ _ (watch) TV last night.
+-ly y+ -ily Irregular
adverbs
5 My best friend ____ (text) me this morning. amazingly
6 We (go) shopping last weekend.
Complete the sentences with adverbs
7 I (have) a music lesson last week.
formed from the adjectives.
8 (see) my friends last weekend.
1 The sisters were chatting · - - -

0 4 Complete t he conversation with the

past simple form of the verbs.
A: Hey, w here
1
(you / get) that
T-shirt? It 's really cool!
B: My brother 2 _ _ _ (give) it to me for
4t
c2_,
.~
,

~~
\
(happy).
l She was late, so she was walking
(fast).
3 You mustn't talk
cinema.
___ (loud) in the

4 My grandma is old. She walks quite

my birthday.
_____ (slow).
A: I really like it. Where ' -- - - (he / find) it?
B: Well, he'____ (not find) it exactly. He '- - - - s What did he say? He's tal king very
______ (quiet).
{design) it.
A: Really? How •- - - - (he/ do) that? 6 I'm studying _____ (hard) for the
B: He ' ___ (use) this app called UTme, on his phone. exam.
7 He plays the piano really ___ _
He' (take) a photo and then added the colours
and the w riti ng. He ' (show) me the app. It's (good).
really cool. 8 Alana won the tennis match ___ _
A: Wow! I ·' _______ (not know) you could do that. Can you (easy).
show me the app?
4 }) Work with a partner. Turn to page 120.

f UNIT2
 [_ J
1 Look at the photo. What do you know about
The Beatles? What are they wearing in this photo?

Talking about yourseH

1 Discuss the questions.

1 Do you enjoy shopping for clothes? Why?/
Listen to a conversation between Sara and her Why not?
grandma. What does Sara's grandma talk about? 2 Who do you usually go shopping with?

o l.
3 What do you usually buy?

Choose the correct words to make questions.

1 What clothes do you like/ you like wearing?
2 How often you buy I do you buy new clothes?
3 Where do you usually/ you do usually buy
your clothes?

910 3
4 How much ore/ do you spend on clothes?

Listen to Harry answering the questions in

Exercise 2 and make notes on his answers.

a herfavourite band from the 1970s

c:J&
IO
4 Listen again to Harry answering the questions
and complete Harry's sentences. Listen again and
b music and fashion in the 1960s
c women's clothes fashions in the 1960s " check.

Listen to the first half of the conversation again.

IQ 1 I ____ jeans always look good.
2 I don't go shopping ____ .·
~ 3 Choose the correct answers. 3 I _____ shopping in department stores

01 People watched f didn't watch colour TV in the because the clothes are too expensive.
4 I
((\
spend more when I get money form'\,=--'

o
1950S.
2 Sara's grandma listened to/ didn't listen to pop bifthday.
music in the 1960s. c:)& S Read th~ Prepare to speak box. Then listen again.
J Sara's grandma watched The Beatles play IA.~ .,
on 1V / ot a concert ~ Which phrases does Harry use?
4 Sara's dad I grandma still plays The Beatles'
Abbey Road album.
Lislen to the second half of the conversation Talking about you.-.elf
again. Complete the sentences. listen again and When you answer questions:
check. use the present simple and adverbsof
frequency to talk about habits: I usuolly
beards blue dresses hair jacket I always ... , I often .
jeans loose-fitting neckl aces tights • add reasons for your answer: because .
• talk about your likes and dislikes: I /Ike .. ,
l Grandma's _ _ __ jacket matches Sara's 1don'llike ... , t reolly like •..
• give your opinion: I think ... , Idon't think ...
2 Girls wore shoft ____ and colourful
in the 1960s.
3 By the end of the 1960s, the fashion for men
was for long and colourful,
clothes. 6 Ask and answer the questions in Exercise 2.
4 Grandma made her own • Use phrases from the Prepare to speak box.

IN FASHION
 1 Discuss the que stions.
Unrted Kingdom?
1 What four countnes are part ol the
nalities or tho ~ lour countries?
2 What are the natio
tho ~ countnes? Do you
3 How do you think people dress rn
the United Kingdom?
know ol any traditional clot hrs from

0 2 Read the text. Match photos A- 0 to

countries In the UK.
-r===...,•

Eng and ha,n·1 go, a n,110n,I loll<

COStt.f'nO, but s.orno pcop lo .-,-e,
,
0nft nf tt,,. mn:u t·.~<1111n,,n 11-.m-. ot
"' ~1,,e Lh( 111 ho l t Tne--e •• ,pe<ial dolhes lo, nd uon, I
.,.~

"'~ •
n.m y Vi,Jrs,ous, but the fllo:i l f,m1 ou1
v ti--, lulu. clll I 811 ..-.V. •l
IP\lf"'!'ll'l IU(t, 81 MotM , d!il.,C
~ ~Ofl 'Hdit n<:.M S~an WP.V
ng

© co,l..md on ,pecii;JI
Sco:t .i- -
occu1ons rrdd1t onal
"'-&de w.•h ,.,. ,,..,, ... of
~n: an, ~-hen ,s ~ f.ihnc w,th W'll"t!
c.al .,nd
m.'lr y d ~el'lWlt ~h "'91-, but they
Iyo c..ly ha'< ! wt IQ o• bl.c l
trou se·~ O<b •~ff Soo<1 ~~
~o nt. aJ Jlf'ICS _, d ••re nt t"(' ,r. Mvr y at-so .~ ..., hdti c1'ld ~or t ;ac~et
Sco:t, h farr,I es h-'!ve a 111rtan w11h 1he,,. called w,1i1stcObtS. '""'11h bin .
c;~ lpl0 il1 co ours At t'W ~
I of th • co ~, r~ c: rhht mov~whcn
k Its, S<-ot.rJ1 men uwi.ll sm If
'f \\.le,11 41 11><,y d>N:e h. qu le 'P"'"c.;1•1
b.>g col cd • SfX l""" ,o <"") I mo<> CY aro
1top d-,n cng ti
person.al ,tcl'T" , . Scomsh wom ,-:n wear In No a ~ I o: ,1--d t ~ hof".al lr sh
, ta~a ll<irt w :h • blouse,
doth on t~• ,1;cl1lders U · ed • shaw
fhP-y ~ , al-so '1/./PM tcl"\8 ..,
and•,,,,,.,
d'f"S \.6-
l Q vory p >pu!ur :,,,d ,J,e
, odw l foe lhur
typkally we.,•
P.4i"f
shot t
d•
cw1
d-vs s
..-s
•r<t.:
;o
')
-.al
V\loo
ey
:y"

a
wn
"" ,pec10
dllld yll'h.
luc 14'
et,rn we
t~ei rf9" t qu,ck',1 • d.. y ~ som
<ioll y wl,e n 11,e - " '-
r,glm on ,i, , legs esp,,
, Na somo WOtnCf"' wc-a:r a =oi ly .,.,. , '"'p ie c:km >el
11 cold Men IV'd boys
cradit,Of'al CO~IUmf.'i ()"'I i-1 port a"t ed
co S:""f' dan v sui:fl as tA«-k tnxa er1
• _,
ca,;. "• 9 a" , Dai-Id$ [My. on <du u-lw l .a<k..t
l 1,t Milrrh. On tho'l.. '4)4"'' al day, .
~ dreu ~ lh
r-~wt y "T ,Na,

o red ~h.)wl t>'t'CI' :l-,011' shoulde,1

t-" m.: !ho.. ·.OS1 ll'll.,S UOf part c,i
l!!O co~tomo ha :JII, bl.a J hot It
,..s t..,_~ "M6 'A:S thtt
Ml"1n wnrP , 1n !hf' o,11•,• \\/~l•.h
m,-n

► •'W t c: · pP< cO!'t• rrre" -·•

fn,t1vt1l'I. b v t they otte r wear old
, IOI'> "1t:r -..ers ... edb ree: hes.

11 Cll.TUIIE
0 3 Are the sentences true or false? Correct the false
s entences.
1 The kilt is tradttionally a clothing item for Scottish men.
Read the Usefvl language phrases.
Complete them with the words in the box.

2 A sporran is a cloth that woman wear on their shoulders. collar costumes custom
3 Welsh men and women wear tall black hats for special dark decorations occasions
events,
4 Breeches are trousers that some men wear to festivals.
s There's an official costume for all Morris dancers in
England.
6 Irish women must wear tights when they do step Talking about traditional clothes
dancing. 1 People wear traditional .
2 This is a very important
4 Match the highlighted words In the text to the meanings.
in my country.
materi al for making clothes l They wP.ar · - - ___ blue trou~f!rs.

0~ very exciting to see and watch

special days or moments
4 normal habits in a culture
4 The coat's got lots of gold _ _ _ _ .
S ror important . _ -• _ the
(Beefeaters) wear {the state dress
5 things or objects uniform).
6 shows for an audience 6 There's a big at the top
or the coat.
S Look at the guards in the photos. What are they wearing?
Where do you think they work?

0
0 ~ PROJECT jffll!l!IJif
Create a poster about traditional clothes
where you live. Use the questions below
to help you.

'(&--::
06
c:J'l>
1
Listen to a presentation about the Beefeaters. Match the
names of the uniforms to the photos.
1 state dress uniform
• What festival s do people celebrate
whe,e you live?
• Do people wear special clothes on
~ 2 undress uniform those occasions?
• What do those clothes look like? Are
t3i> 7 Listen again and answer the questions. they popular?
" 1 VI/here can tourists usually s.e-e Beefeaters? • Arc there any unusual uniforms where

0
(&:2 How long ago were the Beefeaters established?
~ 3 Why are these special guards called Beefeaters?
4 When do the Beefeaters wear the two uniforms?
you live?
• Who wears those uniforms? What do
they look like?
s What colours are these parts or the state dress uniform? Present your poster to the class.
a collar
b stockings
c bonnet
 ABOUT YOU
0 0 03 Watch the video and then answer the questions.
When did you learn to walk and talk?
How old were you when you learned to swim?
What are the most important events in a person's life?

VOCABULARY Life events

0 ~
1 Match six of the phrases to the photos.

be born get a degree get a driving licence get a job retire get married go to university
have children leave home leave school move home start school vote

2 Put the l ife events in Exercise 1 in order. There is more than one possible answer. Then compare your answers.

3 Read the quiz. Which four events in Exercise 1 are not mentioned in the questions?

Around the world: ~

In En~d. children usually start school v"""1 they are
m ~
11;1 In almost an European countries, leave
DD 4 0 5 Ill s a:. homebefore
ll men. womoo
_
a
•
women, men
lriW In Belgium and Germ.any, students cannot leave school
a before they are ·-·- - -. 1':11 In the UK, children of _ ____ are allowed to
D O Iii 1:.11
0. 14 16 1s

1:'11 Insome states in theUSA, the youngest age you can gel adrilling
gel a part-lime job.
rJ ani age a 130< over 13 16oro-,>ee
mil licaooo is ____. SJ1 In ____, the average age at whleh women
D 14 Ill 16 13 11 . . and men get married is 33.
In England, around. _ % o1young people go to university.
D Span a India 13 Japan
II About 6% of these students leave university before the end of
their course and don't get a degree.
ll:tl
11!11
In Brazil you can vote in elections from the age
of •
0 33 0 43 13 53 D 16 a 1s 13 21

0 ~ 4-=-=--=-==---=-=-=---===-~ =====----:€ --©.. ·-.

Listen and choose Charlie's answers to the quiz. -
IQ S))
~ .
In pairs, choose your answers to the quiz. Then check your answers on page 120.
Oid you get more points than Charlie?
1
I
\--f-.,,,. I

6 Look at the events in Exercise l again. Make six sentences with I want to.... \ I
I wont to leave home before I'm 25. I want to retire before I'm 40!

7 Discuss the questions.

1 When can you leave school in your countl)r? 5 Is it important to go to university an d get a degree?
2 At what age can you get a job? Why? f Why not?
3 How old do you have to be to get a driving licence? 6 Wh ich o f your rel atives have retired?
4 What do you think Is the best age to get married?

F UNITS
 01:m::m Evs,ything Is so different from when I was a teenager.
Technology is the greatest change. I had a computer but only for
gamos, reallt. And I remember my dad's first mobile phone in :.he car
- it was huge! But the internet and smartphones changed teenag-e
lrfe forever. we wrote letters: they are texting each other all day. We
bought a fe\-'\' CDs ev~ month; they've got almost every song in the
word - ma tiny device in then µocket! When we moved home, we
often llt.tver S<iw ord friend$ agaio. Now IL'$ 8i11iple lo stay 111 contact
with anyol'1e. anywhere. To me, leenage ne locks mor&exc·hng than
it was.
Not averyth.inq is posrtiVe, of course. I don't think teenag8l"S now are
as healthy as we were in the past. They don't do enough exercise
Without technology, we were more active and spent a lot of our free
OufllJYes. technology makes our lives easier and is
now essential for entertainment and school. But it
bn»gs problems too - the worst are awful th ngs like
bullying on social media ...
My probl~m i~ tha1 teenagA hfA i~ too bu~y now.
On weekdays, as well as n ormal lessons, theta am
clubs at lunchtimes. Then after school on Mondays
I have Spanish lessons. trumpet on Wednesda~IS
and our band practises on Fridays. And weekends
are just not long enough! On Saturday there's yoga
club and on Sunday we o ften see relatives. Then

U'link that often our parent5

didn't have any Idea
whe(e we \Vere!
n.......
time outside, Roads were safer, of course, but 1\'s unbelievable. to

~
.....,,
r ,,
there·s homework, o f course. S01nel!mes I'm
exhausted on Sunday evenings!
The future will be harder for us, too. And I get
w orried about that. l\,!y friends and I fool the mosl
important th·ng 1s to get a good degree - or
we won't be able to leave home and get a job.
And that means we h ave to get good marks in
everything now. It's stressful.

I think rny parents' teenage yea,s were more

relaxed 1han O<n'S are today

Read the article quickly. Who thinks teenage life ...

~ 1 1 is better now? 2 was better in the past?

Read the article again. Choose the correct answers.

~ 2
01 When Simon was a teenager,
A his dad owned a computer and a mobile phone.
B he owned a computer.
C he played games on his dad's phone.
2 Simon thinks that be fore the internet
A teenagers spent a lot of money on music.
B it was hard to stay friends with people you didn't see. Match the highlighted words in the
C teenagers enjoyed writing letters. text to the meanings.
3 Why does Simon think that teenagers spent a lot of time outside? 1 difficult to think is true
A because th eir parents weren't worried about them 2 calm and not busy
B because the roads weren't as dangerous 3 very tired
C because phones and computers didn't exist 4 very bad
4 Emily thinks that teenagers s very small
A need technology for their sch ool work. 6 very big
B shouldn't use social media.
C aren't as happy as they were.
s During the week, Emily
TALKING POINTS
A has extra music and langu age lessons. How was your parents' teenage life
B never has time for lunch. different from yours?
c doesn't do any sport. What problems can modern life
bring for teenagers?
6 Why docs Emily think she has to go to university?
A because h er friends want to go
B because jobs will be harder to find in the future
c because she always gets good marks at school
MY WAY OF LIFE
 GRAMMAR Comparatives and superlatives not as ... as

0 1 Complete the table with the correct comparative

and superlative adjectives. Check your answers in
O4 Read the example and choose the correct option.
Teenagers aren't as healthy as they were in the
the article on page 21.
past. (= they were healthier in tho past)
Adjective I Comparative l Superlative
We use not os ... as to say that people or things
one-syllable adjectives are the some/ not the same.
big , bigger the biggest
great greater ))GRAMMAR REFERENCE AND PRACTICE PAGE 140
safe the safest
two-syllabl e adjectives with •Y S Compare the people and things with not as ... as.
easy I' ]
the easi; ; - - Use the adjectives in the box or your own ideas.
other two-syllable and longer adjectives
important I more importa~
I comfortable hard old serious untidy

irregular adjectives O English / maths English isn't os hard as maths.

good the best 1 children/ adults
2 you/ your best friend
bad worse • 3 your dad i your mum
far further the furthest you/ one of your relatives

0~
4

0 2 Read the examples. Then complete the rules with

comparative and superlative.
1 Teenage life looks more exciting than it was.
8
Correct the mistake in each sentence.
1
2
They live in a house bigger than us.
My mum is more relaxed that my dad.
2 Technology is the greatest change. 3 Coffee is the more popular drink in the UK.
4 This area is more quiet than the city centre.
We often use: 5 My most happiest time was when I lived abroad.
a i/1011 after _____ adjectives. 6 I'm not as taller as you.
b tile before _____ adjectives.

Complete the facts with the comparative or VOCABULARY too, enough, not enough
-Q
•---~-:::=:=-lI o
.f rac-.~' \:_)
superlative form of the adjectives. Remember to ----
usethanorthe. (& "'.': 1 Read the examples and choose the correct
~ G) options. Then match the rules to t he sentences'<"
\ • _ 1 Weekends are Just not long enough! ~
L::..::,:;;..,;;;...~-_, 2 They don't do enough exercise.
I ____ (old)worrn,n in theworld lived until she 3 Teenage life is too busy now.
was122. a We use too before/ after adjectives or adverbs to
mean ~more than is necessary, possible, etc.'.
l heuniversitywith _ _ (large) number of
I -, student5, over four million, isin Odhi, India.
b We use enough before / ofler adjectives or
adverbs to mean 'as much as is necessary'.

a l heaverage US teenage boyis4 kg _ _ _ (heavy}

hewas 25 years ago.
c We use enough before / ofter nouns.
Write replies. Use too or enough and the words in
;I. Research1<1ys that Norway is (happy)
country in the worldand al10 one of _ _ __ (good)
brackets. Be careful with the position of enough,
1 A: Did you buy the trainers?
rountries for children to grow up in. B: i'lo. They weren't ___ (big). They felt
___ (tight),

I Homes in HongKong, China, are now ____

(ex~ nsive) in any other city in theworld.
2 A: Why didn't you do the homework?
B: I didn't have _____ (time) and I was

1 ---·
___ (tired).
(young) ageat which peoplecan votein 3 A: Are you getting a new laptop?
Scotland is16. 8: Yes. Mine is (slow) and it hasn't got
l henorthof Englandlsgeneially ____ (cheap) lhe (memory}.
7 south ofEngland. 3 >) Turn to page 120.

f UNITS
 An informal email (1)

0 1 Read the email Jamal received from his friend Mark and the notes he made. What did Jamal do recently?

Hi Jamal,
How's it going? We miss you on the football team - I'm the - - - - - - Say
new captain! con9ro/U/0Cions.
Describe ... - - - Tell me about your new home. What's your room like?
What do you like doing in your free time where you live now? - -- - - explain ...
What's your new school like? Have you got any new friends yet? - - - -- rel/ Mork
Speak soon,
abOlll Simon,
Marl<

0 2 Read Jamal's reply. Does Jamal answer

all of Mark's questions?
0 3 Read the Prepare to write box. Which phrases does Jamal
use to begin and end his email?

Hi Mark,
It's great to hear from you.
Congratulations on becoming captain!
Awesome news!
I love our new house. It's brighter,
bigger and there's a garden. Brighton
isn't as big as Manchester, but there
are )oads of things to do. There's a
eally good football team here. They're
great! l go to watch them play every
weekend with my dad and sister.
q Find six different short forms in Jamal's email.
My school is the largest in Brighton,
but it isn't as modern as Victoria
Park. In ICT, for example, there aren't
enough laptops for everyone. I met
a boy called Simon on my first day.
0 2 How is school? I hope you are getting on well.
He_,§_ into computer games like me.
A guess, he>s my best mat at the
moment!
Speak soon,
~1
Jamal
PREPARE TO WRITE
An informal email (1)
In informal emails:
use an informal phrase to begin your email: I-Ii, .. ,
Hello ... , It's great to hear from you
use short forms: it:S-, he's, I'll
use informal words and expressions: Great!, loads of
things, He's into ... , I guess ...
use an informal phrase to end your email: love,. Writ&
soon, S:>e<1k sooo, See you soon
©
5 Rewrite the sentences using short forms.
1 ~le is really nice and we are good friends.
3 I am getting to know everyone and they are all really
friendly.
4 we have got tickets and we are going to a game together.
6 Match the ll_ighlighted infonnal words and phrases in
ft Jamal's email to the meanings.
1think 3 likes S friend
2 very 4 vcr; good 6 a lot

7 Imagine you have moved to a new town and started a

new school. Read Mark's em ail again and plan your reply.
Use Jamal's notes in Exercise 1 to help you.

8 Write your email to Mark.

• use the phrases and tips in the Prepare to write box.
• Write about 100 words.
• Remember to check your spelling and grammar.

MY WAY OF LIFE ~
 Listen to six interviews and match the sentence
ABOUT YOU halves.
Which sports do you play regularly?
Which sports do you watch? 1 wego a athletics in the summer.
2 Wedo b cycling all the time.
3 I don't play c j ogging quite often.
4 I go d ice hockey.
s My mates and I go e tennis together.
6 We never play f windsurfing on the lake.
VOCABULARY Sports

(o
~
Q)
15
1 Match the photos to some of the sports in the box.
J!P.t\. Then listen and check. Check the meaning of the
0 '3
Add the sports from Exercise l to the table.

do
athlelics
go
dimbjng
play
ice hockey
~ other sports.

What other sports and activities can you think of?

athletics boxing climbing cycling Add them to the table in Exercise 3.
gymnastics ice hockey ice skating
jogging rugby squash surfing ploy baskefbo/1 90 snowboarding
swimming table tennis tennis
Do the quiz in pairs. The answers are all from
volleyball windsurfing
Exercises 1 and 2.

Which nine sports can you do on your own? ©

Which four sports are for two o, four players?

Which three sports a<e tor teams of more than four?

Which five sports do you do on or in water or ice?

In which two sports do you use a racket?

fn which four sports is lhere a net?

Which sport is not in the Olympic Games?

a cycling b table tennis
c ice hockey d squash

What sports do people do In these competlllons?

a Wimbledon b Tour de France
C IAAF World Championships

6 Discuss the questions.

1 What's your favourite sport? Why? When do you
do it?
2 Whal are the most popular sports in your country?
0 1 Read the text quickly and answer the questions.
1 Who zire the new BMXers?
2 0o they like racing or ' freestyle' BMX?

Olivio, oged 15, hos long, brown hoir. She's smart ond
confidant, on.d 1he woy she was smiling showed how much she
loved it. How did she firs1become intecested in BMX? 1 •
Although all the racors were boys, she knew instantly ii ;,;; the_
sport for her. 'It's not harder for girls lo get into the sport,' she
said - anyone con do 11. 'BMX gives you knowledge. When you
come to the trock, you learn something new every doy.·
So whol is o BMX? A BMX is o bike with small wheels and a
low seot. Small wheels actvally 90 foster than big wheels al
speeds of up lo 20 km/h.' _____ These mean tho! o bike
con trovel qvick!), withovl the ,ider using lheir legs too muc;.h. But
there ore no gaors on o BMX, so the fider hos to pedol o lot to
go lost. '
Some BMXers love doing jumps and crozy
stunts - this is called 'freestyle'. Other riders
prefer racing . BMX races ore fost but shofl.
' Both riding styles hove something in
common: ride,. foll off their bikes o lot. Thor,
why they oil wear a helmet, as well os knee
ond elbow goords under their rocing clothes.
Many people think that BMX i& scory or
dangerous, but feor isn't o thought thot goes
throv9h 1hi& BMX loom's mind•-• ______
They don't see the difference belween mole
ond fomole, not while they O(e out on the 1,ock
doing what thoy enjoy the mo&I.

Read the article again. Five sentences have been

removed from the text. For each space choose the
corre,ct sentence. There are three extra sentences Should schools offer the same sports to girls
which you do not need to use. and boys? Or are some sports for boys and
others for girls?
A She laughed because some of the tiders were Do you think there is too much sport on TV?
moving their legs so quickly. Why?/ Why not?
B They usually only last for about 40 seconds.
C BMX race bikes can be very expensive.
D She was watching her older brother race.
E They weren't won-ied by the rain either.
F They s~ BMX as a run sport, a way of life, a good
social activity.
G Normal bikes have at least 20 gears.
H This is the biggest problem with BMX races.

0 3 Match the highlighted words in the text to the

meanings.
1 part of a bicycle that controls the speed of
the wheels
2 tricks or difficult jumps on a bike
3 a path, often circular, used for races
4 a hard hat that protects your head
5 things you wear to protect parts of your body
when playing a sport
 GRAMMAR Past c011tinuous
0 1 Read the examples. Then choose the correct
words to complete the rules.
1 I was taking photographs of the girts' BMX team.
2 They were riding around the track.
a we use the past continuous to talk about
actions in progress at a particular time in
lhe present I the past.
b We form the past continuous with the correct
preseof Jpost form of be and the infinitive f -ing
form of the verb.
)) GRAMMAR REFERENCE AND PRACTICE PAGE 141
0 2 Choose the correct form of the verbs to make past
~ - continuous sentences.
~ ·
1 They were wearing l were wear dark helmets.
2 He isn't playing I wosn't playing ice hockey last
night.
3 My friends wasn't to/king I weren't talking about
sports.
4 What was he doing/ do on the court?
5 Were I Was she watching the games?
Yes, she was I were.
6 Mark is climbing I was climbing yesterday.
7 My parents was going/ were going ro ,, bike race.
8 Wero tl1oy listening/ listen to the match?
No, they weren't I wasn't.
Look at the picture of a park last Saturday
morning. Write positive and negative past
continuous sentences about what the people
were and weren't doing.
0 O Kim/ play tennis/ swim
K;m ~11as playing tennis. She wasn't s1w'mming.
1 Adam and Pete/ run / skate
2 Myla / throw a ball i hit a bait
3 Karl and Liam/ play squash j kick a bait
4 Megan and Ana/ cycle / climb
S Lucy/ catch a ball/ do athletics
Write quest.i ons in the past continuous.
0 you/ do/ sports at 3.30 yesterday?
Were you doing sports at 3.30 yesterday?
1 what/ you/ do/ at 8.30 yesterday evening?
2 you / read/ at 10.30 / yesterday evening?
3 what/ you/ wear/ last / Sunday?
4 you/ sleep/ at midnight last night?
s you/ have / breakfast at 8.00 this morning?
6 what/ do/ five minutes ago?
S Ask and answer the questions in Exercise 4.
Words with different
VOCABULARY meanings
(0 1 Read the sentences. Choose the correct meaning
(D of the words.
1 1did the extra maths exercise. Did you?
a noun: physical activity to get stronger
b noun: written work to practise something
2 Does this tracksuit fit you?
a verb: be the right size
b adjective: healthy and wong
3 Who won the Chelsea-Arsenal match ?
a verb: be the same
b noun: a sports competition
4 The Bulls won the basketball game by 20 points.
a noun: the score (e.g. the number of goals/
baskets) at the end or a match
b verb: i ndicate using your finger
s The basketball team has got a new trainer.
a noun: a sports shoe
b ooun: a person who prepares players for an eve~
6 t can 1t work out what to do next. )
a verb: to exercise to make the body stronger
b verb: to find the answer to a problem
7 We got a coach to the volleyball match.
a noun: a type of bus
©
b noun: someone who teaches people a sport
8 We train at the football club twice a week.
a noun: a long, thin vehicle that travels on rails
b verb: to practise a sport
Complete the sentences. Use the correct form of
the words in Exercise 1.
o This green colour !_)]Ptchg_~ your top.
1 You aren't ____ enough. Do some ____!
2 We go jogging with the rugby ____ every day,
but we never in the gym.
3 t can't see the captain. Can you to her?
4 I bought some whi te but they don't
_ _ _ me. They're a size 7 bul I take an 8.
s I need help w ith the last _ __ on page 144.
6 How many _____ has your team got? Did they
play any _____ last week?
7 Let's get a _ ___ . The railway station is closed,
so there aren't any _ ____ today.
8 t can't how to pl ay U,is game.
3 )) Work with a partner. Student A turn to
page 121. Student B turn to page 126.

Listen to the show and look at photos A-C. Which
is the photo of the week? What happened next?
Number the events in the order you hear
Then listen again and check.
a The football went into the goal.
b The Sunderland player kicked the football.
c A fan threw a beach ball onto the field.
d A Sunderland player was running towards the
goal.
e The rereree decided to allow the goal.
f The football hit the beach ball.
listen again. Complete the sentences.
Liverpool (x3) Manchester Sunderland (x:2}
1 The Sports Review studio is in _____ .
2 A fan threw a beach ball onto the field.
3 won the match 1- 0.
4 The _____ player,; weren't playing well.
5 Chloe thought played better than
Describing a past event
1 When was the last time you watched a sports event
(in person or on TV) or took part in one? What was it?
Listen to Max and Rachel talking about sports.
Who took part in an event? Who watched one?
Read the Prepare to speak box. Complete the
sentences with the past simple or past continuous
form of the verbs. Then listen again and check.
l Manchester City ______ (win) for most of the
game.
2 Real Madrid • (score) two goals in the last
five minutes.
3 Lots or people _ _ _ _ (watch) the competition.
4 I ____ (come) third in one race.
- PREPARE TO SPEAK
Describing a p ast event
When you describe a past event:
use the past simple to talk about the main
things that happened
use the past continuous to talk about actions
in progress
add your opinion: It was an omazjng ..., It wos
really exciting, It was the best ... ever, It was so
cool, I really enjoyed ...
add reasons for ~,our opinion: because . ..
them.lo L./J)
Listen to the whole recording again. Which phrase
~ 4
0~ ~ 5
19
from the Prepare to speak box do they not use?
(& Complete the reasons that Max and Rachel give.n )
~ Listen again to check. \J
l I was very happy because ..•
2 I really enjoyed laking part because .
6 Think about a recent sports event. Read the
questions and plan your answers.
l What was the event and when was it?
2 Did you watch it or take part in it?
3 What happened during the event?
4 What was the fin,,I result?
5 Did you enjoy if/ Why?/ Why not?
7 Ask and answer the questions in Exercise 6. Use
the past simple and past continuous, and use
phrases from the Prepare to speak box.
 KEEPING FIT
Match the highlighted words in the text to the
LIFE SKILLS meanings.
Keeping fit
1 regular programme of activities
Fitness is an important part of a healt hy 2 stop something from happening
lifestyle. If you want to keep fit, you need 3 in a good or correct way
to care for your body and do physical
4 move something to a higher place
activity every day.
5 pull something to make it longer

1 Ask and answer the questions with a partner.

9
lO 5
6 ability to exercise for a long time

Listen to Anna and Tom talking about their fitness

habits. Who is usually more active?
1 What activities do you enjoy doing in PEclass? <:)) 6 listen again. Complete the sentences with one or two

0
2 What physical activities do you do in your lO
words.
free time?
1 Tom usually plays ____ after school.

0 2 Read the text quickly. Match the sentences

with the types of training.
1 It's good for warming up before exercising.
2 Tom sometimes goes to with friends.
3 Anna's got _ _ _ practice twice a week.
4 Anna also on Tuesdays and Fridays.
5 Tom and Paul usually play ____ at the weekend.
2 It's exercise that gives you stronger muscles.
3 It's a typical activity for professional athletes.
4 It includes physical activities like cycling.
Read the text again and answer the questions.
o 7
6 Anna says Tom should _ _ _ with his friend Danny.
Complete the Useful language phrases with the words
in the box.

1 How can lifting smaller weights help you about ~ctive after school
keep fit? could go swimming stairs
2 What two ways can people lift weights at
the gym? ©
3 How does aerobic exercise keep your USEFUL LANGUAGE
heart healthy? Making a fitness plan
4 What type of training can help you cycle
faster? 1 I usually play (basketball) - - - - ··
2 I don't usually _____ on weekdays.
s Why is balance important for some types
of exercise? 3 I do ____ an hour of exercise most days.
4 l'm not very _____ at weekends.
6 Why is interval training a good idea for
5 I _ _ _ _ ride my bike to school more often.
tennis players?
6 We should always walk up the
 Scientists say that people should do one hour of physical activity every day.
It can be sports, exercise or everyday activities. such as walking. In the USA.
only 25% of teenagers do enough physical activity, and that's a problem. In
addition, teons need three typos of training to keep fit: weight, aerobic and

II flexibility training. They also need to train well for specific sports. Good
coaches understand athletes' needs and help them to train properly.

Aerobic training is good for you because

it makes your heart work harder. You can do light
ex.ercise for a longer time, svch as cycling slowly for
an ho ur. This gives you stamina so you can exercise
longer. You can also cycle hard for five minutes and
then rest for a minute. Then you cycle for anoth er
five minutes and rost again. This is intorv3I training
and it helps you
become faster.

Weight training g ives you stronger, healthier

musdes. If you gi(t big weights, youf muscles gel latg~f.
You can also u~ smaller weights and lifl them mo,e
times. This trains your body to exe,cise for a longer
time. At the gym, some p eople use weight machines,
but other people prefer free weights. In both cases,
they must lih the weights carefully to prevent accidents.

fie dh 'it:, Ol:l ll is also imponant lor fitness. For example, athletes need
to warm up and stretch their muscles before they exercise. Martial arts, such as Tai Chi,
are great for flexibility training. People also n eed balance for these activities so
they don't fall down. In flexibility training , it's best to go slowly and be careful.
You don't w.:,nt to hurt yourself!

Sport-specific training .,•

special exercise routine that helps athletes
p lay o ne sport better. For example,
professional football playets run a lot and
do extni weigh t training for their legs. In
,,..-...,_ contrast, tennis players do more
\ PROJECT l11;;;;;...111;;;1
exercises for their arms. They also
stop and start a lo t during matches,
so interval training is helpful for Make a plan for doing exercise in your free t ime,
them. This is when you quid:ly
Think about the questions and make notes.
change between doing high• • What sports can you do after~hool?
intensity exercise and low 4
• What other exercise can you do on school days?
intensity oxorciso. • What activities do you usually do at the weekend'
• What sports or exercise can you do with friends?
• What other activities can help you to keep fit?
Present your exercise plan to the class.

KEEPING FIT
 VOCABULARY Read the text opposite and choose the correct
word for each space. For each question, choose
A, B, Coro.

0 1 write the opposite adjectives.

1 What's wrong? You look miserable. You're
usually very c______ on Fridays.
1 A be
2 A tiny
3 A teams
B
B
B
get
few
coaches
C
C
c
take
little
members
o have
O n.nrrow
o teachers
2 Diana's very polite. She's never r_____. 4 A finish B miss C stop 0 retire
3 'Is Jacob confident?' ' No, he's quite .s._ __ s A method B road C kind D way
4 It was careless of you to lose your phone again. university C grade D practice
You need to be more c with your things.
S Marcus is really friendly tod ay. He can
sometimes be quite u _ _ J

0 2 Find the words (- '. J' l ).

u p r e t y i n e u d w
GRAMMAR
g
(
0

IV
0

t
d
r
I 0 0 k
e n l d l y 1a
i n
f
g
b
t
e 0 1 Complete t he conversations. Use the present
simple or continuous, or the past simple or
continuous form of the verbs.
a e u 0 b n l o h d a r e
1 A: I ____ (spend)alot of tim eon homework
i C 0 b a r d I r s a n at the moment.
s m a r t n Ia n r h n a B: Mc too. It's unbelievable! last term, we
_ _ _ (not have) as much work.
l i i s 0 b e n i i n s 2 A: Why you (stop} having guitar
r p n C u d g r d 0 p m lessons?
B: I ____ (not make} any progress and I
a t e e n a • e p n r a
didn't like the teacher.
i s e 0 k a I d e a e r 3 A: Why _ Tom _ _ _ (be} so unfriendly at
g e I d e r ' I Iy e b t w the moment?
n)
©
B: I ____ (not know). He usually _ _ _ _
h b C a s a I g i I t t (say) hello in the mornings. \V
4 A: (you / go) cycling next Saturday?
t s k i n y C u r e y e
B: No. I _ (usually / go) cycling on ©
0 Find words to describe someone's:
age clothes
Saturdays, but I _____ (lose) my helmet <
yesterday.
1 r._egi]g~ 9 c_____ _ s A: How old _____ (be) you when you ___ _
2 c_ _ 10 s (get) your driving licence?
11 u_ B: Eighteen. But I _ _ _ (not own) a car until
looks
12 t I was 25.
3 p 13 s ____ -h___ _ 6 A: I _ (send} you loads of messages last
4 g -I 14 b____ n____ night but you (not read) any of
hair them.
s b_____ B: No, sorry. I _____ (train) for a swimming
6 c___ _ competition. It's on Sunday. __ you
7 S _ _ _ (come) to watch?
8 b___ _

0 3 Choose b1(g_ correct options for each verb.

1 play volleyball boxing rugby ice skating
2 do surfing gymnastics athletics cycling
3 go table tennis climbing squash jogging
4 leave home school to university married
S get born married university a degree
6 have children home confident long hair
7 get school a child a job a driving licence

f REVIEW1
 For athletes, the O lympic Games is ohen
considefed the most important event of their ca,ee.r.
It is the chance to compete with the best sportsmen
•nd women from• round the world. But what
happens to athletes when they are too old lo 1
p,rt at this level? At this point many athletes are still
young: often between 25 and 35 year, old.
This can be a difficult time for many athletes. Only
•• numbe, of them are as f•mous •s Usoin
Bolt and can earn a lot of money as a celebrity.
Others are lucky enough lo start a career connected
with their sport; for ins-lance dS 3 __ for the next
generation of Olympians. But for most athletes,
when they • __ from being • professio~I
sportsperson, their whole ' • of life changes.
They often start studying again and go to
university. In fact, nowc1d<1ys many athletes
study for a • while they are training.
This me.ns they ore better prepared
for the time when their Spotts careers

Complete the second sentence so that it means the same as the first. Use no more than three words.

l Your room is messier than mine. My room isn't ... yours.

2 I'm not as good at climbing as my dad. My dad is ______ at climbing than me.
3 I don't own a warmer jacket. This is . ___.Jacket I own.
4 My old boots aren't as comfortable as these ones. These boots are _____ my old ones.
s My hair isn't as curly as my sister's. My sister•s hair is ----~ mine.
6 You're more patient than me. I'm ____ as you.
7 There isn't a player on the team as bad as me. I'm ____ player on the team.
8 My brother and I are the same height. I'm ____ a.s my brother.

0 3
9
Choose the correct words.
1 Tonight she meet/~ meeting some friends at the cinema.
2 Thank you for the gift you sent/ send me recently.
3 She got the better/ best mark in the class.
4 f was looking online because I needed I was needing some new clothes.

0 4 Correct the mistake in each sentence.

(;/) 1 We a,e having fun when we are together.
2 I didn't heared my phone so t missed your call.
3 Our new home is more near the school.
4 My dad wasn't going to universit)r.
 ABOUT YOU
How much crime is there in your town or c.ity?
Which crimes are the biggest problem where you live?

i'211%1 :Jijf,ja•• Crimes and criminals

0 1
0
Match the crimes to the photos.

burglary hacki ng pickpocketi ng

shoplifting theft vandalism

l~ 12
2 Listen to six people talking about crime and decide w hich

0
cnme the speakers are talking about.

~ Complete the sentences with the m issing cri mes from ©

n '9!\. Exercise 1 and the correct type of crimi~als in the box. Use A, 4 Read the example and complete the
'-I'" the plural form where necessary. Then ltsten and check. ~ $ definitions wi th the verbs steal and rob.

burglar hacker pickpocket shoplifter thief vandal Professional shoplifters t ypically rob large
stores and steal expensive items like
1 Three weeks ago a ____ _stole over 100 million email designer clothes or bags.
addresses and passwords from a bank in the United States. 1 Thieves ____ something from a place
Experts believe that costs businesses over two or person.
trillion dollars every year. 2 Thieves -·-- a place or a person of
2 We have a problem w ith in our area. 0

have smashed lhe window of-my parents' car l hree times

on the last year.
(0 S
something.

Complete the sentences w ith t he correct

form of steal or rob.
3 We think that only 10% of ____ are professionals. for
these people ___ is a job. They typically rob large 1 The thief ____ my phone from the
stores and steal expensive items like designer clothes or table in the cafe.
bags. 2 Do any of these photos show the man
4 l"d like to report the _ __ of a car. I saw it happen. And I who . __ you?
can describe the 3 My parents once came home and a
s Please be careful of in crowded areas. is burglar was their flat. He ran
common at stations. away Immediately.
6 My neighbour doesn't know when the ____ happened. 4 Is downloading films the same as
The _ _ _ took TVs, computers, things like that. ____ them?

f UNITS
 - - - - - - ~ - - - - - - - -~
1was away w ith my parents in
Honolulu, Hawaii last year. One
afternoon, we were leaving a
,est.aur"ant when it started raining
ha r'd . My mom suggested visi ting the
Natural History Museum as we were
d i,ectly opposite it. We were crossing
the road, w hen I got out my phone,
I w asn't really thinking. I wanted to
check my messages. Anyway, almost
immediat ely I heard the noise of a
loud motorbike. My fil'$1 thought
was: phone thief! But when I looked
up, I saw a police officer. We looked
at each other for a few seconds and
then I noticed she was pointing at my
phone! I had no idea, but it's actually
illegal to look at your mobile phone
on a pedestrian crossing in Honolulu.
I'm only 16 but I had to pay a $15 l ine!
It was ,eally unfair!
Alex•, San Dle90, US
1
0 Read the stories quickly. Complete three
sentences about each story.
1 lo Honolulu. Hawaii, you mustn't •.•
2 In Italy, you must ...
3 In Sydney, Australia, all bikes must ...
0 2 Read the stories again. Are the sentences true
or false?
1 Alexa had t he idea to go to the museum.
2 The police officer stopped Alexa near the
museum.
3 Martin and his brother understand Italian.
4 Jumping into the pool was allowed at the
campsite.
s Louise's dad has always been into cycling.
6 Her dad had to pay $106.
When my dad got a job in Sydney,
Avstfalia, we moved there from
the UK for two years. We were
living dose to the centre and Dad
started going to work by bike. He
d idn't even have one back in the
UK! We knew t hat bike helmets
are compulsorY in Australia. And
Dad always wore one. So when
the police stopped him and some
o ther cyclists at a tfaffic light one
morning, he was feeling relaxed.
But can you believe this? While the
We went camping in Italy last
officers were checking the bikes,
year and the campsite had a
they noticed that several of them
huge pool. W hen we arrived, my
d idn't have bells - including Dad's.
brother and I got changed straight
And all bikes must have them in
away and jumped i n. We were
the city. They were each fined' S106
really enjoying ourselves when
- about £60! That feels so unfair.
suddenly we heard a loud noise.
Eve,ryone was looking at u~ and
two lifegua,ds were shouting in
Italian. There was probably a rule
about jumping in. we thought. It
was quite crowded. But then the
lifeguards started pointing to thei r
heads. For a few seconds we were
really confused. Then we realised:
everyone was wearing swimming
caps! We looked it up online tater.
tt's actually the law the,e. Even
my dad had to wear one, and he's
completely baldl
Complete the sentences with the highlighted
words in the stories.
1 We were once ______ for cycling at night
wi thout lights.
2 _ _ _ downloading of music, TV and films is a
common problem throughout the world.
3 in Brazil says that everyone between 18
and 70 must vote in an election.
4 At my school, it's _ to wear the uniform.
5 The minimum ____ for driving and texting in
the UK is £200.
6 There's a --:--::--- in our house about using
phones at the dinner table.
TALKING POINTS
Do you know any unusual laws?
Whal rules do you disagree with at your school ?
CALL THE POLICE! ~
 GRAMMAR Past simple and continuous (0
~
6 Complete the story with the past simple or past
continuous form of the verbs.

0 1 Read the examples. Which verb is in the past

continuous? How do we form the past continuous?
(a,~~E!!!~o~t~~!~P
~~~~~:t~
1 Immediately I heard the noise of a loud motorbike.
2 She was waiting at the side of the road. from their holiday recently, they' home -
(notice) something strange immediately. Their
I
0 2 Choose t he correct words to complete t he rules.

a We use the past simple l continuous to talk

about a complete action at a past time.
b We use the past s;mple j
continuous to talk
about actions in progress at a past time.
unopened letters were on the table. There was
sorne food sbopping in the kitchen. IVhile
Marnn ' _____ .. (look) around the house, he
' -·-·-·- (find) more stra nge things. A man's
clothes• _____ (hang) in the bathroom. Their
bath was full of hot water.' _ a burglar
(live) in their house?

0 3 Choose the correct form of t he verbs.

1 I couldn't call you. The thief stole/ V✓as stealing
my phone!
When Martin' . (go) into the bedroom,
he found the answer. A man' (sleep) in
their bed!The couple quickly called th e police and
2 I saw someone in front of your house yesterday. when Uiey ' __ ___ _(arrive), they took him away.
She tried Jwas trying to open your car door. The man was hned £200. He didn't steal
3 What did the burg/ors take/ were the burg/ors anything while he' _ ____ (stay) in the house.
toking? He wasn't actually a burglar. He thou ght the
4 I phoned you last night but there was no answer. house ,vas empty and he 10 (need)
What did you do/ were you doing? somewhere to sleep!
s We weren't at home last night. We crave/led i
were travelling back from a relative's house.

0 4 Read the examples from t he sto ries. Then

complete the rules with post simple or post
VOCABULARY ourselves, yourselves,
themselves andeach other
conanuous.
1 We were crossing the road, when I got out my
phone.
(0 1
C,
Match the sentences to t he phot os.

2 While the officers were checking the bikes, they

noticed that several of them didn't have bells.
3 When we arrived, my brother and I got changed
straight away and jumped in.

We often use the past continuous and the past

simple together. 1 They're looking at themselves.
a The _____ talks about a past action in
progress.
b The _____ talks about a complete shorter
action that interrupted the action in progress.
c If one action happens after the other, we use
o 2
2 They're looking at each other.

Choose the correct words.

~ 1 Jack bought itself/ himself a new phone.
2 t cut myself/ Itself while I was washing up.
the for both actions.
3 Did you teach myself / yourself the guitar?
4 Did you and Sara hurt herself / yourselves?
)) GRAMMAR REFERENCE AND PRACTICE PAGE142 s Sam and I made myself / ourselves a snack.
6 Thanks for the party! Everyone realty enjoyed
ourselves i themselves.

0 S Correct the mistake in each sentence.

(:) 1 I read a book when a woman screamed.
2 We are talking when a policeman asked me my
Complete the sentences with the correct pronoun
from Exercise 2 or each other.
name. 1 They walked past _____ without saying a
3 We went to my house and we were watching TV. word.
4 When I walked near the river, I saw a dog in the 2 Josie introduced _____ to everyone.
water. 3 Tom and I ohen argue with ____.
s While we're waiting for the bus, I heard a cry. 4 I need to buy a present for Tom. We always give
6 He was quite tall and wears a loose-fitting presents on our birthdays.
tracksuit. 5 Did you all enjoy last weekend?

>> Work with a partner. Turn to page 121.

f UNIT5
4
 Astory (1)
1 Look at the photo and the title of Ellen's story.
What do you think happened?
~ PREPARE TO WRITE
Last year, I went on a school trip with my
classmates. We left school early by coach
and the journey took several houts. When we
arrived. everyone was feeling exhausted.
While I was getting off the coach. I noticed a
man in his earl½ twenties. He was standing realry
cJose to one of my friends. Suddenly, I realised
what was happening. The man was trying to
steal my friend's purse from her bag!
I jmmediately shouted to my friend. The man
heard me, and for a few seconds we looked at
each other. Then he s tarted running. Luckil~.
there were two police officers nearby. They ran
after the pickpocket and soon they caught him.
The next day, there was a story about it online
and everyone was talking about it. I was a hero!
2 Read Ellen's story. What do you think of the t itle
for her story? Can you think of a better t itle?
Read the Prepare to write box. Then read Ellen's
story again and put events a-e in order. Decide
which events belong to the beginning. middle and
end of the story.
A story (1)
When you write a story:
make sure there is a beginning, middle and end
give the story an interesting title
use vctbs in the past simple and past continuous
use adjectives and adverbs to make your story
interesting.
a Ellen saw the pickpocket.
b The police caught the pickpocket.
c Ellen got off t he coach.
d The story appeared on the internet.
e The coach left school.
4 Look at Ellen's story again. How many verbs can ft
you find in the past simple and past continuous? ~
S Look at the highlighted words in Ellen's story. A
Which are adjectives and which are adverbs? ~
6 You are going to write a story which must begin
with the sentence 'While I was closing my curtains
one night, I noticed something unusual'. Plan the
events in your story. Use the questions to help you.
Where does the story take place?
What happens at the beginning? What did you
notice?
What are the main events?
What happens in the end?
7 Compare your ideas with a partner. Can you
improve your plan?
©
8 Write your story. A
• • Se-gin the story w ith the sentence in Exercise 6. •
Use the tips in the Prepare to write box.
Write about 100 words.
Remember to check your spelling and grammar.
 ABOUT YOU
0 0 04 Wat ch the video a nd discuss t he questions.
Would you prefer to live in a big city or a village?Why?
What are t he good and bad things a bout where you live?

If

1 City problems

0 ~1 Match the words to the photos A-F.

19!\. More than one word can match some
'-"' photos. Then listen and check.

crowds graffiti green spaces

pollution power cut
public transport rubbish
rush hour traffic jam
listen to four people describing where they live. Answe©
the questions about each person.

0 2 Complete the sentences with some of

the problems in Exercise 1.
o If we leave for the shopping centre
Do they live in a city or in a village?
What problem from Exercise 1 is each person talking
about? Choose from the words in the box.
early, we can avoid the Sffi~.i_- It
gets really busy there by lunchtime.
l There was a

see.
in our building
last night. we had to use torches to

2 Can you take out the ____?They'l

o ~» 4
graffiti green spaces public transport

listen and write one or two words in each space.

1
rush hour

There's a lot of graffiti on a _ _ _ near the man's house.

collect it tomorrow morning.
3 There's a huge problem with __ _
in our city from cars and lorries. Many
of the buses are electric now.
4 There is always a outside our
school in the mornings. More children
should walk to school. It's dangerous!
5 I go to school by ____• I often
catch the bus but there's also a train.
6 We never go on the underground
during the ____ in summer. The
t rains get too hot.
2 When the girl lived in avillage,she ____ toschool.
3 The boy usually gets ____ into the city.
4 The woman says she avoids during the rush hour.
5 Complete the sentences about where you live. Use the
problems in Exercise 1. Discuss your sentences in pairs.
1 There's a serious problem with .. .
2 We don~t have a problem with .. .
3 There arc lots of .
4 There isn't/aren't enough ...
5 One of my favourite places is .. .
6 One thing I don'tlike is ...

f UNIT&
0 1 Look at the photos. What do you think these
teenagers invented? Read the article quickly
and check your answers. Ignore any spaces.

hile (i(>n Gulak was visiting Beijing, China, he was hen Ann Makosinski was yo1..mg, she only had
W ,shocked at the air pollution In the dty. He soon realised
one of the main causes: transport. In Ben's home town in
W a few toys to play with. h)stead, she loved
inventing new thingsfrom rubbish around the house.
canada, the traffic isquite light. but Beijing has a lot of traffic:. They didn't work, of course, but Ann soon 1
Some people drive cars, but a lot of l)E'ople ride scooters. an interest in science and efe<:tronics.
They're cheaper and they don't need much petrol They're The idea for her first successful invention Glme from a
also lighter and easier to drive through traffic jams. friend In the Philippines. Ann, who is half Filipino, half
Thccc is one problem: petrol scooters can produce Canadian, 2 _ _ _ _ that her friend was doing badly
ten times more air pollution than cars. at school The 1 _ _ _ was that she couldn't study
Back in Canada, BEn started thinking about the at night because then~ wasn't any electricity. Ann was
problem. He wanted to desl_g!J a new amazed to dlscovet that many people, over a billion In
type of transport - something fact. don't have• _ _ __to electricity. And then she
as small as a S<:ootcr, but remcmbctcd a ·facl from her science class: the heat in
cleaner. He called his a person means each of us is like a walking lOOW light
invention the Uno- a bulb. So Ann designed a torch
motorbike which that uses just the heat from
looks like ... half a a human hand. ltwa.sn't as
motorbike! It doesn't powerful as a normal torch
use any petrol - just and only' _ a little
electri<:ity. light. But Ann'sinvention
Ben won a prize for won an international
hisinvention and now he's science competition
completed three different with a prize of S25,000
ve,sions of the bike. Will we one to '> ____ her
day see it on our roads? education in the future.

0
0 2 Now read the part about Ann Makosinski again and

• choose the correct word for each space. For each question,
choose A, B, C or D.
1 A developed B g,ew c made D ine<eased
2 A informed B heard C told D called
3 A trouble

5 A did
B
4 A opportunity B
B
event
way
brought
C
C
C
complaint
chance
produced
D rule
D access
D achieved
0 4 Match the liighhghtecl words in the
article to the meanings.
1 l argest
6 A own B carry c keep D support 2 something you know is true
3 plan something before making it

0 3 Read the article again and complete the sentences with one or
two words in each space.
1 Ben was on holiday in but he is actually from
4 surprised and upset
s very strong
6 in place of something else

2 Cars use than scooters.

3 Scooters create more ____ than cars. TALKING POINTS
4 The Uno is cleaner than a normaf scooter because it uses What problem or situation would you
liketosolvewhere you live?
5 When she was a child, Ann used rubbish ____ new things. How could you improve the problem
6 Ann's friend wasn't doing well at school because it was or situation?
i mpossible ___ at night
7 Ann's torch works by changing _ _ into electricity.
8 Ann won $25,000 for her of the torch.
CITY LIFE
 GRAMMAR some/any,_much/many, a lot of,
afewlal,Hle ~
iO 6 Choose t he correct words.
@ 1 A: Do you like living in the country?
B: Mostly. There are o few/ a little bad things.

0 1 Read t he examples. Then complet e the rules with

some o r any.
1 Some people drive cars.
There isn't many I much entertai nment.
2 A: I got much/ a lat of tips from my aunt about
visiting the UK.
2 The Uno doesn't use any petrol. B: My brother gave me o little / o few information
3 Have you got any ideas? about o / some good things to see in the UK.
3 A: Have you got a few/ same minutes? I'm doing
We use: a questionnaire on pollution.
a before nouns in positive sentences. 8: I'm sorry. I haven't got much/ many time. Are
b ____ before nouns in negative sentences there many J much questions?
and in questions. 4 A: Do you have some Jany problems with cri me?
B: There's a little/ a few graffiti, but not really.

0 2 Complete t he sentences with some or any.

1 Do you need _ ~ ~ help with the rubbish?
2 I like _____ graffiti but not all of it.
7 Think about your perfect place t o live and
complete the sentences. Compare your ideas.
1 My perfect place to live has goto lot of/ a few
3 There's heavy traffic on the motorway. 2 There are some / a lot of .. .
4 Is there i nformation about bus times? 3 There aren't any I a lot of .. .
s There isn't electricity at the moment. 4 It hasn't got much/ many .. .
I think there's a power cut. s There's only o little ...
6 I've got _ _ _ rubbish here. Where can I put it?

0 3 Read the e xamples. Then complet e the rules with

t he words.
1 Beijing is like a lot of big titie.s around the world. 0
VOCABULARY CompG11J1d.s: nnun + noun

2 The city has a lot or tralfu:.. (a.; 1 Make a word from A and B for each photo 1- 8 below.
3 A lot of ~ ride scooters. ~ 19!\
4 Scooters don't need much ~ - liljl' r.J "l)O!'tmem bus pedestrian post
S When Ann was young, she only had a few tovs. recycling speed taxi road
6 Many people don't have access to e lectricity.
7 Ann's torch only produced a little light.
UJ bin box btJilding crossing
limit rank sign stop
a We use many, and to talk
about large amounts.
b We don't usually use much or many in positive
sentences: There is ffltteit o lot of time.
c We use ___ . and_____ to talk about
small amounts.
d We don't use o few or o little in negative
sentences: He hasn't got a little much money.

)) GRAMMAR REFERENCE AND PRACTICE PAGE 143

0 4 Look a t the ynder(ined nouns in t he examples in

Exercise 3. Are they countable or uncounta ble?
~
~ 2 Com pete t he sentences with the correct compound
from Exercise 1,

0 5 Complete the table with o lot of, a little and much.

Countablc:, nouns Uncounta ble nouns
1 There's a lot of people a t the
should catch a bus instead.
. Maybe we

There aren't many There isn't 1 2 What's the _ _ _ on motorways?

cities. water. 3 Can you take this letter to the _____ for me?
4 I live on t he fourth floor of t hat . ___ .•
There are a lot of There's ' traffic.
scooters.
s It's compulsory forcars to stop at a _____ .
6 Js this your ___ _? Is it OK to put plastic in it?
There are a few people. There's' ___ petrol. 7 Let's meet at the ____. There arc lots that go
into the centre from there.
8 The _ _ . says t urn right.

3 >> Work with a partner. Turn to page 121.

f UNIT&
l What are the advantages and disadvantages of living in
the country?
Listen to an interview with Bess and Mr Evans. In general,
do they agree or disagree?
Read the sentences carefully and check any new words.
Then listen again and choose the correct words.
1 Mr Ev.Jns lives in the country/ city.
2 Bess lives Jlived in the same place as Mr Evans.
3 Mr Evans thinks Bess is sometimes i never late for school.
4 Mr Evans thinks villages need better roads/ public
transport.
s Bess thinks the problem with rubbish is worst!/ bener
where she lives now.
6 Bess thinks we should do more cleaning/ recycling in
this country.

Agreeing and disagreeing

Look at the two photos below. What can you see? 4 Discuss which place in the photos below
you would prefer to live in. Use phrases
Listen to Alice and Oliver talking about the places. from the Prepare to speak box to agree
What do they agree on? and dis.agree.
Read the Preparl! to speak box. Then listen again. 5 Prepare your ideas on two of the topics
Which phrases do Alice and Oliver use? Write A or 0 below.
next to each phrase. 1 going to the cinema/ watching films at
home
2 going to a concert/ listening to music on
headphones
3 cycling/ using public transport
0
4 living in an apartment building / living i
)
Agreeing
Personally, I think .. . That's true. a house
0 I (don·t) think .. .
It seems to rne .. .
Yes, maybe you're right.
I completely agree with •. .
s holidays at the beach i holidays in cit©
6 Discuss the? topics in Exercise 5. Use?
If you ask me, .. . Disagreeing phrases from the Prepare to speak box to
Asking for an opinion I'm not sure I agree. agree and disagree.
What do you think? I donHhink so.
Do you agree? I don·t agree.
Do you think ... ?

CITY LIFE
 About .. . people live in New Yori<. ..
... .............. .... .............
A 2.5 million II 8.5 million -~ -~?. '.':'.I~,'.'.~..... .... .

New York City is olso coiledthe Big ...

... ... ........... ....................C.~-~'.~~~\ ......... .
A ApPle II Easy

NEW YORK CITY New York's Centro\ Pork is in ...

A Brooklyn
..........d
·····d
II Coney
·:~··;;,;~·n·g·:~~·~;
C Monhotton
~·~;k~~;~~-~~;k:
Aroon . .. "'"' .,.
1 Ask and answer the questions with a partner. A S 9 80 C 800..................
1 Have you ever been to a big city like New York? · ···~ ;·~~~~;;~~; ·~;~ typicoUy ... in colour.
2 What do you think people can see and do there? A block B whae Cyellow
2 Do t he New York City qui z.

There are ti\-e mainweas in the citi/, called boroughs: Marmttan. the Bronx,
OV<lr thepast two Ouoens, Brooklyn and Staten ls!aro. Manhattan is themost famous of ttle
nturies, many with its !all skyscrapers, like theEmpi'eState Builc!ing.The la!8Sl is One
illions al peopfe WorldTrade Center, V\flich is 541 metres tall.
have lllO\'ed to ttle
NewYoll<ers call rimes Squa,e 'the crossroads of the wc~ld'. It~ vt ,ere New
A1ted Slates. In tl1e
Yor1<.ers come together to celebrate special events, to go to the movies ffi.3'"\
~ c entury ttle
the theatre, and to enjO'J strett food from every comer of the world. Pe~
immigrants were
that are mote Interested In Shopping, fashion~ music hang 001In Veody
mainly Europeans. By
Sciio in the south ot Manhattan.
1850, abOUl 25% of
New Yorkers were Irish. Manhanan has plenty of green spaces, lnclud~g the famous Central Park.
Alnrt 40 mil.ion people, Ne\\• Yorkers as well as tourists. visit the park every
The ll!!ll\llalion of New Yol1< grev, from 2.5 ,nillion in 1890
year to enjoy walking, ~d ing, skating and picnics.
to7 million in 1930. Since the 1960s, the immigrants have
been mostly from Lalin America and Asia. This incredible mix From Manhattan, it's a short vtal<. over Brookl)•nBridge to get to the borough
of peoplehas made Nlr.v York Ci~/ one of ttle most muttlcultural of Brooklyn. Here, people Vi:Sit the varied'street markets or chat vmh friends
cities in the wo<kl. TOday, allOut 30% of an New Yoll<ers we,e In theborough~ faShiol1able coffee shops. At v,eekends, llloosands of New
born inanother country and it's estimated that )'00 can hear \llrl<ers go IO an areaof BrOOl<lyn called Coney 1s~nd, Here, U>ey escape the
over 800 languages in the city. Some immigrants ha!Je created stress of city ttte by relaxing on the three~kilometre longbeachor by having
tllelr '"'" ng!ghbourlloods, i ke Llttte haly, Chfnatovm, and fun at tho t1rnous Luna Park ttlemc porl<.
Spanish Hartem, each of vltii:hOlfers a different experience of When it's time togo home, r~ew Yorkers caneither take the 24·hour sub-'Aay1
New York culture. or catch one of the cit(s famous yonow taxi cabs.
 4 Answer t he questions with information from the article. (JG
32
8 Listen again. Are t h e sentences true or

1 How big was the Irish community in New Yori< in the 1850s?
2 What are the nam es of the five main areas of the city?
3 How tall is the tallest building in tho city?
\0 1 false?
Fiona_went to Coney Island on Sunday
morning.
4 Which area of New York is good for shopping, according 2 They didn't have enough time to see a
to the article? baseball game.
5 How can you get from Manhattan to Brooklyn? 3 Fiona went to Times Square before lunch
6 Why do people visit Coney Island? on Saturday.
4 Fiona's parents didn't want to visit the

0 5 Match the highlighted words in the text to the meanings.

1 very tall buildings, usually in a city
2 an informal name for something or someone, used
art museum.
5 They didn't visit the Statue of Liberty
this time.
instead of a real name 6 Fiona had dinner in Chinatown on
3 consisting of many different types Sunday.
4 the number of people living in a particular area
5 a system of trains that mainly travel underground
9 Look at the phrases in the Useful language
box. Change the words in brackets with
6 areas of a town or cit}' th at people live in
your own ideas.
6 What are these sights? Which ones would you like to see?

II :!~~!~g~!~~~!aGc~ty
1 First, we went to (the par1<}.
2 Next, we visited (Times Square)
3 After lunch, ·we decided to (visit a
museum).
4 I loved the (second-hand clothing)
shops there.
s I learned a lot about (the history
of New York).
6 We had (good) weather, too.

0 ©
\ PROJECT
••
Writ e about an interest ing visi t to a famous
city, Think about your answers to t he
questions.
• What city did you visit? When did you go?
• Did you go there with your family or friends?
• What was the weather like during your visit?
• What famous places and sights did you see?
Listen to Fiona talk about her trip to New York. • Did you go shopping for anything special?
Ti ck (✓) the places t hat you hear. • What did you learn about the city's history?
• What was your favou rite part of the visit?
1 0 the Statue of Liberty 6 0 Empire State Building
2 0 JFK Airport 7 0 Central Park Present your work to the class, usi ng the
3 0 Chinatown 8 0 Coney Island phrases from the Useful language box.
4 0 Times Square 9 0 MoMA
5 0 Bronx Zoo 10 0 Yankee Stadium
 ABOUT YOU
When you have a problem, who do you ask for help?
Friends or family?Why?
Do you consider any members of your family to be a
friend as well?

3 Complete the table with the phrases in Exercise 2.

A Can you add any more?

~ be be oonoyed
do
have
make

,4
-----...--1D Complet" the sentences with th~ correct positive or
negative form of be, do, make or have.
1 Oh, no! Something _
It isn't working!
_ _ wrong with the TV.

2 Can you _ ____ me a favour, please?

G )
3 Some people find it easy to _ _ _ _ new frien
4 I'm really sorry that the glass broke, but it

Look at the photos and listen to two

_ _ __ my fault!
s You should talk to someone if you _ _ _
©<
conversations. Complete the sentence,s with the
problems.
correct name.
6 Let's something together on Saturday.
1 has a problem with family. 7 Our coach realty annoyed with the
2 has a problem with non~family referee at our last match.
members. 8 What were they saying?Were they _ __

0 4l> 2
n
Choose the correct option to complete the
(D sentences. Then listen again and check.
an argument?
9 Thanks for your party last night. We ____ _
a lot of fun.
1 He does/ makes me angry. 10 I get on OK w ith Noel, but we -~-- __ much
2 You're always moking / hoving problems in common.
with him. 11 My cousin is always rude. She _ me
3 We had f made an argument this morning. really angry.
4 I'm/ I've annoyed with him! 12 Is Piper feeling OK? She _ on her own
s Are you I Have you on your own? again.
6 Why don't we make I do something like going
to the cinema later?
S Discuss the questions,
7 You need to make Jhave fun. 1 Who or what makes you angry?
8 Can you make/ do me a favour? 2 When and why do you have arguments?
9 Whatis / hos wrong? 3 When do you like being on your own?
10 It's hard to do f moke friends. 4 How do you have run? Who with?
u It doesn't/ isn't my fault. s What do you have in common with your best
12 You hovel are tots in common. friends?

f UNIT7
0 1 Read problems 1- 3 quickly. Who isn't
annoyed with a family member?

ASK US

• •
t, .)
I'm quite a shy person and I haven't got a lot of friends. I was A I agree. Sometimes you don't
walking home from school yesterday, when I saw some boys have anything in common with
from my class. They were laughing at me. One of them said, other people, and that's fine.
'She's always on her own!' and he pointed at me. It was
B He should 8!)Qloglse Maybe
unbelievable! Why do I have to be with someone all the time?
you should lock your door.
What's wrong with being on yoor own?
C You shouldn't get angry.
It 's important to talk
DYLAN, 14, PENZANCE to your parents. Then
you'll understand why
My little brother is really annoying. Yesterday. I found him
in my room. He knows he mustn't go in there. And he was they're womed.
reading my diary! It made me really angry. Then we had an
0 You must show them you
argument because he took my phone. He sent about 50 texts
can change, so try to be
and now I haven't got any cred~. Help!
really sensible for a month -
or forever!

E Maybe you should put a

BALEX, 15, LONDON password on your phone.
My best mates, Sasha and Mandy, are just like me, They're often
late and they forget things, but they ,behave themselves (most of the F Friendship is important, but
timel), I was hanging out with them last Saturday and I had to get you don't have to be with

© ( home by 1O pm, but we were having fun and I didn't realise the time.
I was a bit late because they didn't have to get home until 11 pm.
Now my parents say I can' t spend time with my mates because they
someone all the time. It's go
to be independent.

0 can't trust me, and I have to get home by 9.30 pm. It isn't fairt I don't
want to fall out with my parents, but they think I'm still a child. What
should ldo?

0 2 Read the problems again and complete the

sentences with the correct names, Kaitlin, Dylan
or Alex.
tO 5
~
1 _ _ _ has a problem as a result of a mistake.
2 had a problem after class one day.
3 had an unwelcome visitor.
4 likes being alone someti mes.
5 doesn't agree with someone else's
decision.
6 _ _ _ can't use something essential.
Match the highlighted words to the meanings.
1 a secret word that protects you online
2 shut something with a key
3 say sorry to someone
4 treating people in a way that is right
5 be polite and not do things that are unhelpful
6 believe someone is good, reliable and honest
TALKING POINTS
Are internet forums good places to get advice?

0 3 Read the problems again and then read advic;e

A-Fin the rwhat you think ...' section. Match two
pieces of advice to each person.
Why?/ Why not?
In what ways can you help or support your
Friends when they have problems?
4 What advice would you give to each person?

GETTINGON 41
 GRAMMAR have to and must
0
1 Read the examples. Then complete the rules.
1 You must show them you can change.
2 He knows he mustn't go in there .
3 I have to get home by 9.30 pm.
4 You don't have to be with someone all
the time.
5 Last Saturday, I had to get home by 10 pm.
6 My mates didn't have to get home until
11 pm.
a Weusehavetoand ____ _ to
talk about rules and things that are
necessary.
b We use
allowed by a rule.
when something isn't
c We use don't hove to when something
isn't necessary. We use ______when
something wasn't necessary in the past.
d We use _ __ •• forrules in the past.
e Remember: You mustn't go. =You aren't
allowed to go. You don't have to go. = It
isn't necessary for you to go.
2 Make two sentences for each idea.
Compare your answers.
o things you have to do at school
I have to woor a uniform. I hove to study for
my exams.
1 things you don't have to do at school
2 things you mustn' t do at school
3 things you must do at home
© 4
5
things you mustn' t do at home
t hings you had to do when you were
younger
0 6 things you didn't have to do when you
were younger
1hou/d
0 3 Read the examples. Then complete
the rules.
1 What shoul d I do?
2 He should apologise.
3 You shouldn't get angry.
We use:
a _____ to say something is a good
idea.
b to say sometlling isn't a good
idea.
c in questions to ask for advice.
)) GRAMMAR REFERENCE AND PRACTICE
PAGE 144
F
UNIT7
Take turns to read out the problems and give advice.
Use You should or You shouldn't.
1 I can never find my phone.
2 I find it hard to make friends.
3 I have a tot of arguments with my cousins.
4 My parents t hink everyt hing is my fault.
s My sister/ brother uses my things wi thout asking.
Q ~
S Correct the mistake in each sentence.
(:) 1 We wanted to chat, but we must go to school.
2 I'm sorry we had ask you.
3 In my opinion, all school s has to have a uni form.
4 Studying i s great, but you don't have to sit down all day.
s I don't must go to bed early at weekends.
/l'lIfj:lJI!'ji\'•
I Phrasal verbs: relationshi_P_s __
(0~
1 Read the examples. Then match the phrasal verbs in 1-8
~ to the meanings a-h.
1 We hang out In the park after school.
2 Oo you get on well with your sistel'?
3 I get together wi th my mates on Saturdays.
4 I don't want to fall out with my parents.
5 Let's play on my computer. Come round at 4.30.
6 Friends should always look after each other.
7 Did your cousi ns make up after they had that argument?
8 The band were together for a year, but then they split up.
a have a good relationship and not argue
b spend a lot of time somewhere
c end a rel ationship
d visit someone in their home
e make sure someone is well or happy
f become friends agai n after a disagreement
g spend time with, or go to meet, a friend
h have an argument with someone
Complete the sentences with the phrasal verbs from ©
Exercise 1.
1 I don 1t _ ~ _very well with my brother. We had a big
argument last week. I don't know if we'lt ever _
2 Some of my friends at the youth centre, but I
don't go there.
3 Tom and Harriet weren't together for long. They
____ after sixweeks.
4 I know you're nervous. but you m ustn't worry.
l'll ____ you.
S I always ____ w ith my friends after school, but they
never _____ to my pl ace.
6 It isn't a serious problem, and 1•m sure ·we won't
about it ,
3 Discuss the questions.
1 When do you and your mates get together? Where do
you usually hang out?
2 What kind of people do you get on with?
3 How should friends look after each other?
4 }} Work with a partner. Student A, turn to page 121.
Student B, tum to page 126.
 An informal email (2) Read the Prepare to write box and find the phrases
that are in Nicole's email.

0 1 Read the email. Where do Ana and Nicole l ive?

PREPARE TO WRITE
An informal email (2)
In replies to emails:
• start with a greeting: How's it going?, How are
you?, It's great (O hear from you.
Hi Nicole,
• answer all of the questions you were asked
How's it going? I'm really k>oking • to give advice, use: You should I shouldn't ... ,
Mc too} - - forward to visiting you in England Remember to ..., Ifs o good idea to ...
on the school exchange trip next • end with a closing phrase: I'm 1e01/y looking
month! I have a few questions: forv,ord to your visit / lo meeting you/ 10 seeiny
Explain - - What's the weather going to be you, , con'l woit to meet you l see yov ogoio.
like?
I'll buy some adaptors. What else
Suggest ... - h , ?
1
s oodlbnng . Complete the sentences using phrases from the
What will I have to do while I'm at Prepare to write box.
Tel/Ano - -
the school? 1 It's very cold here in winter so it's to
Hugs from Spain! v isit in summer.
Ana 2 I know you love cycling, so bring a
helmet and gloves,
3 Thank you for your email. It's great ___ _

0 2 Read Nicole's reply to Ana. Underline the parts

of Nicole's email that match the four notes i n
Exercise 1.
again.
4 We got together two years ago but I didn't see
you last year, so I can't ____ .
5 The weather changes all the time, so you
pack an umbrella and sunglasses!
N.coier-Assori
Read the email from Sam. How many questions
does he ask?
Hi Ana,
I'm great, thanks. I'm really looking forward to
your visit too!
February is the coldest month here in the UK!
Remember to pack a hat, gloves and your
warmest coat. You should also bring some
Hi,
How are you? It's nearly the
©
money for shopping and going out. school holidays. I can't wait to
Great - - - travel to your country! I'll be at
You don't have to do homework. but during
your house in three weeks!
the trip it's a good idea to make a note of
things to tell your classmates in Spain. I did E/fploin - - What's the weather like at this
that on my trip to your school. time of year in your country?

Bye for now! Suggest , .. - What should I bring with me?

Nicole I'd love to give y0<r family a gift
for letting me stay. I'd like to bring
sometring special from my count,y.
Tell Som - What would your family like?
See you soon,
Sam

6 Write your email to Sam.

• • use the notes beside Sam's email.
11:lt,;
\U-·. Use the tips i n the Prepare to write box.
Wri te about 100 words.
Check your spelling and grammar.

GETTING ON
 ii ABOUTYOU
Has your family ever travelled abroad?
2 Work in pairs. Number the photos in order and then us©
them to describe what you do at an international airport.
Where did you go?
Where in the world would you most like
a> 1 You orrive ot the airport ond you go to the check-in desk.
Yousho11J ..•
to visit? Why?

o
'? 3
4
Listen and check your answers to Exercise 2.

Complete t he sentences with words from Exercise J .

1 You have to show your _____ and your ticket at the
check-in desk.
VOCABULARY International travel 2 There's often a ____ for the security check.
3 You need to follow the ____ to your departure gate,

0
where your _____ and your _____ are checked.
1 Match the words in the box w ith A-Kin
4 As you walk through customs, officers might ask to check
~ the photos. inside your ___ .

baggage baggage hall Discuss the questions.

boarding pass check-in desk
1 What's the difference between a boarding pass and
customs departure gate
a ticket?
passport passport control
2 What's the difference between a security check and
queue security check sign
a customs check?
3 What are the best and worst things about air travel?

f UNITS
 II
lo
l Read Olivia's blog entry. What does
she plan or intend to do in Tokyo?
;o
'
2 Read the online guide to Tokyo.
Which paragraphs mention things
t hat are in the blog?
1
!;45{"r()()p /f£,4J/&#} THE STREETS ARE
FULL OF RESTAURANTS selling noodles and sushi.
Noodles look like spaghetti and they're served with
fried meat. seafood or vegetables. Sushi is rice
served with ,.mcooked fish or vegetables. The flavours
are incredible. You can even take a d ass to learn how
to prepare your own sushi.
3 4
/;45/1/0#/51,45 ) BE SU RE TO VISIT the
arajuku district. It's where all the trendy Japanese
)t s hang out, so be propared! You're going to see
lot of people wearing 'cosplay' clothing. Cosptay
is shOrt for 'costume play' and it's a Japanese
pop tradruon. Girts and boys dmss in incredible
costumes inspired by their favourite anime (manga
cartoon) or computer game character.
0 3 Read the online guide again and choose the correct
answers.
1 What is sushi?
A a meat and rice dish
B fresh fish and vegetables
c rice with fish or vegetables
D a type of noodle
2 At Manboo, you can't
A buy modern sofas.
B pl,;y computer games all night.
c get manga comics.
D have a shower.
3 What happens in the Harajuku district?
A Teens play computer games.
B People go to cosplay cafes.
c Japanese pop stars hang out.
D People wear unusual clothes.
TOKYO
I can'l wait I We'te leaving on Saturday- a taxi is picking us up at 8 am and
we're going straigh1 to the airport. We're going to have:, gre.at ti~e! On ~he
first day, we're going sightseeing in and around the Roppong, district. We re
going to vi.sit a cat caM and have a go at gi:Jming. Apart from that, I'm not sure.
Mum says we·re going 10 look around the shops but I'm not so sure abo~t that.
I've found thi.s great guide to the city, but hr1s anyone got other su99~t1ons?
2
~ af/.-'Jll/?£,} IF YOU WANT T O D ISCOVER
the Japanese love of technology, spend some time in a gaming
caf~. T,y the Internet Comic CaM Manboo, whe<e you can admire
thousands of manga comics for sale as weU as play all the latest
computer games. They rent rooms with sofas where gamers can
lie down after long sessions. They even have showers - you'd
probably need one after an 8-hour overnight gaming session!
/Y&ll<P AHP IYO/r'/?£/<rtlt->
T OKYO IS FULL OF
UNUSUAL THINGS to see and do. It's hard to walk a block
in Tokto without seeing loads of vending machinBS! Most sd11()
cok:I drinks but others sell things like dog food. umbrellas a ~
hamburgersl How about going to one of the famous cat cafes.
where you can play with a cat or a kitten while you drink your
coffee? There are around 60 cat cafes in Tokyo! There's even a
hedgehog cafe in Roppongi.
4 A vending machine is something that
A makes drinks.
B sells drinks.
C cooks food.
D sells sushi.
s Tokyo'scatcates
A serve Japanese tea.
B have hedgehogs as well.
C are well•known.
D are in the Roppongi district.
TALKING POINTS
Would you like to visit Tokyo?What
would you like to see and do there?
What sightseeing would you recommend
to visitors to your town or country?
GOING AWAY
 Future: be going to and S
GRAMMAR present continuous
Make notes about your plans and arrangements
for next weekend. Use the ideas in t he box or your
own ideas. Discuss your plans and arrangements

0 1 Read the examples. Then complete the rules with

be going to or present continuous.
1 We're going to look around the shops.
in pairs.

go shopping go to a gig or to the cinema

2 we>re leaving on Saturday. hang out in town meet some friends
3 Be prepared! You' re going to see a lot or people study visit my grandparents
wearing 'cosplay' clothing. watch a football match

We use: A: What are you doing next weekend?

a to talk about luture plans and B: I'm going shopping on Soturdoy. I'm going to boy
arrangements, usually with a specific time some new jeans.
reference (for example, next week, in August).
b _ _ for things we intend to do some time
in the future, sometimes with a non~specific VOCABULARY Phrasal verbs: travel
time reference (for example, one da½ some
lime).
c ____ when we predict things that we know
are likely.
lo
~
1 Read the sentences. Choose the correct meanings
Q) of the phrasal verbs.
1 We're going away at the weekend.
a staying at home b visiting another place
)) GRAMMAR REFERENCE AND PRACTICE PAGE 145 2 They set off at 9.30 this morning.
a l eft a hotel b started a journey

0 2 Complete the conversation with the correct form

of be going to and the verbs in brackets.
Olivia: We • ____ (rty) to Tokyo on holiday!
3 When are you getting back?
a arriving in another place
b returning
I'm really looking forward i t. 4 What time did the plane take off?
Zayne: I was in Japan a few years ago. Tokyo's a leave the ground b arrive after a flight
amazing. You 1 _ _ _ _ _ (have) a great time! s We're going to check in early.
What ' ___ (you / do}? a arrive at a hotel or for a flight
Olivia: We " (visit) a cat cafe. b reserve a hotel or a flight
6 Sec you at 4.00. My flight is getting in at 3.45.

0
Mum: And we' (go) shopping!
Olivia: What? 1• (not walk) around the a arriving b leaving
shops! I ' _ _ _ (find) a good gaming 7 I can't wait to look around Moscow.
cafe. a visit a place and look at the things in it )
Zayne: • ____ (you / try) sushi with fish? b feet happy that something is going to happen
0
lo 3 >
Mum: No way! 1• ____ (not eat) uncooked fish!

Choose t he correct form of the verbs.

8 My dad is going to pick up my mum at the
station.
a call b collect
©
@ 1 Next month, I going to/
bicycle.
'm going to return your

2 We 're going co I going to visit Argentina

02 Complete the questions. Use the correct form of
the phrasal verbs in Exercise 1.

3 They aren't going to meet I met at the bus stop. 1 What time do you _____ for school every
4 I 'm going to working I'm going to work in a morning?
sports shop. That's my plan. 2 Who normally ____ you and your friends
5 You're going to come / coming to the UK one day. from school?
6 They aren't going/ not going to join us. 3 Oo you usually or stay at home in the
holidays?

0 4 Make sentences with the present continuous or be

going to.
0 we/ visit/ Turkey one day
4
5
Do you like old places?
What time do you _ _ _ from school in the
afternoon?
6 When did you ____ from your most recent
We're go,'ng to vjsJ°i Turkey one day.
holiday? Where did you go tol
1 I / get I the bus at 6.45 pm
7 How do you feel when your flight and
2 I I cycle/ to your house next time
l ands?
3 they i not buy/ a new lV
8 Can you explain what you have to do when you
4 we / walk/ home after school today
to a hotel?
5 The sky is dark and cloudy. I think / it / rain
6 we/ not catch/ the 5.30 train / tomorrow
3 Ask and answer the questions in Exercise 2.

4 >> Work with a partner. Turn to page Ul.

f UNITS
 l Look at the photo and make predictions.
1 Where do you thi nk this is?
2 What is the person doing?
3 Where is the person going?

0 2 Read the notes and look at the spaces. What

kind of information is needed for each space?

Length of trip: two (2) _ _ _.

Competition details
What you must mention: the people, (3) _ _ _ and the
local environment.
Maximum number of words to write: (4) ___ .
Closing date of competition: 19th (5) ____ .
Whal information to include when you apply: (6) ____ .

Listen and complete the notes.

Compare answers w ith your partner.

Listen again to check, and correct any mistakes.

Making suggestions

1 Discuss the questions in pairs. 4 Work in pairs. Choose three possible activities for the
weekend. use the ideas in t he box or your own ideas.
1 What do you usually do at the weekend?
2 What are you pl anni ng to do next weekend?
go walking in the mountains go to the beach
listen to two friends planning their weekend. hang out in a country park go sightseeing
What do they decide to do? visit a cool museum

Read the Prepare to speak box. Then listen again.

Which phrase don't you hear? S Discuss the three activities and agree what to do.
Use phrases from the Prepare to speak box.

Making suggestions
Suggesting ideas Disagreeing with ideas
Why don't we ... ? I'm not sure.
What about ..•? The problem with that
How about .. .? is ...
we could .. . . .. might be a better
idea.
Agreeing with ideas
That's a good idea. Making a decision
That sounds great! Yes, let's do that.

1 Ask and answer the questions with a partner.
1 0o you get along well with most people?
2 What things make you fool upset or angry?
3 What do and your friends argue about?
LIFE SKILLS
Dealing with confl.ict
We never have exactly the same ideas or opinions
as our friends or family members. We often
disagree with people and sometimes we get
angry or have arguments. When that happens, we
need to deal with conflict in a positive way and
work together to solve the problem.

0 2 Read the text quickly. Match the titles {A-0)

to four of the tips.
A Live and learn c Staycalm
B Be clear and kind D Think together

, _ . When we're angry, we might say or even _ .• Two heads are always better than one.
scream things that aren't kind. It's always better to
eep cool and think carefully before we speak. Count to
5 You should have a conversation with your friend
about how you could solve the problem. And you
n in your head, and if you can't relax, then walk away. don't have to keep it a secret You can get help from
Sometimes you have to do that! another friend or an adult if that's helpful.
/ft Listen first. Give the other person a chance to speak
\.;.& without mterruptmg them. You have to listen carefully
and pay attention to your friend's face and ~ anguage.
6 Cool down. After you've had a serious argumer0,
it's good to relax and oool down. When you feel \.::;,_)
better, you should go for a walk with your friend or
Try to imagine how your friend is probably feeling at that maybe you can do something fun. Why not play a
moment. sport or watch your favourite TV show together?
______.You have to be honest about your thoughts _____.Arguments are a normal part of
3 and feelings. Explain the problem clearty and say what
you need from your friend. You should choose your words
7 life, and we don't have to worry about every
disagree ent. But we should try to learn from them.
carefully and try to be nice to the other person. You don't After all, we don't want to repeat the same mistakes
want to start a new argument! again! Think about what happened, and remember
that lesson for the future.
f. Admit your mistakes .
. . Remember that even the
best people make mistakes
and nobody is perfect. It's
OK to make mistakes, but
we have to admit them and
then say we're sorry. We
should also forgive other
people when they apologise
for their own mistakes.
 3 Match the sentences to similar ideas in the text. -
1 Nice people somet imes do t hings that aren't
right.
2 You should do something to make you feel calm
after an argument.
3 We sometimes say bad things to people when
we re angry.
1
4 We don't want to have the same problem twice.
s Try to put yourself in t he other person's place.
6 A third person could help you find an answer.
0 4 Match the highlighted words in the text to the
meanings.
1 say that something is true or real
2 stopping someone who is speaking
3 find the answer to somet hing or stop a problem
4 when people have a different opinion about
something
5 shout something very loudly, in a high voice
6 movements and positionsof your body and face
that show other people how you are reeling,
without using words
5 Discuss the questions.
1 When was the last argument you had with a
friend? What did you argue about?
2 How did you deal with the conmet? Did you use
any tips from the article?
~ 6 Listen to a conversation. Why is Michael upset
with Amy? Do they use any of the suggestions in
¼oi
the article to find a solution?
cl> 7 Listen again and answer the questions.
•• 1 What time did Amy arrive?
2 Who has got Amy's bicycle right now?
3 When did Michael and Amy plan to meet?
4 Why does Amy usually arrive late?
5 What solutions do Michael and Amy discuss?
6 What does Michael want to do right now?
0 8 Complete the Useful longuoge phrases with the
words in the box:.
about always faul t idea
tired why
USEFUL UNGUAGE
Dealing with conflict with a friend
You've _____ got an excuse.
I'm getting of this.
_____ areyou so angry?
I'm sorry _ _ _ _ that.
It wasn't my
I've got an _____.
0
©
Reso/vrng a
conflict
Work with a partner. Write a dialogue
about two friends who are having
an argument. Use the situations and
questions below to help you.
• forgetting someone's birthday
• not inviting someone to a party
• borrowing and losing something
• always arriving ten minutes l ate
1 Who are the people in your dialogue'
2 What are the people arguing about ?
3 Which person started the .1rgument?
4 How could they solve the problem?
5 What can they do after the argument?
Act out your dialogue for the class.
DEALING WITH CONFLICT
 Use a word from each box to make a compound
noun to match the definit ions 1- 8.

1
0 Complete the Information w ith the pairs of words.

burglary/ burglars hacking / hacker

baggage
green
boarding check-in
power public traffic
departure

pickpocketing/ pickpockets
cut desk gate hall jam
shop1ifting/ shoplifters vandalism j vandals
pass spaces transport

1 the place at an airport where passengers get on

The average'------ takes less than ten minutes.
About 30% of 2 enter a home throu~h an open
door o, window of an apartment.
_ _ _ is vesy common near signs that warn about
the proble,n. The reason is that when people see these
signs. they check their important possessions. " _
can then see where these Possessions are and follow the f
people until they get their chance to steal them.
a plane
2 a card that a passenger must have to get on a
flight
3 buses, trains, etc. that anyone can use
4 a queue of cars, lorries, etc. that are moving
slowly or not moving at all
5 the place at an airport where you show your
ticket and leave large suitcases
6 a temporary problem when there isn't any
1
electricity
7 areas of grass. trees, etc. usually in a city,
where people can walk, play sport and enjoy
themselves.
8 the place at an airport where you collect your
suitcases after a flight
l

11 _ _ _ rn many areas has decreased since the GRAMMAR

0
Introduction of mobile phones. Some researchers
· ve that mobile phones are so entenaining that
'(_ _ _ aren't as likely to go out. get bored and Choose the correct word.
or damage something.
1 There isn't crime in my neighbourhood.

A,Qng 10 American researeh. 75% of ' 2

A many B much C some
My sister and I are having ____ arguments a
0<
a;~·1ts. and 25% of them are under 18 . And the moment.
• ____ is actually more common among shop A a lot or B many c a l ittle
workers than customers!
3 We did ___ sightseeing on holiday, but we
mainly relaxed on the beach.
A a few B much C a l ittle
The your\gest 9_ _ _ _ in the world was five-year-
old Kristoffer von Hassel. He disoovered a way to use 4 I'm taking out the rubbish. Have you got _ _ ?
his father's video game account without knowing the A any B a lot of C many
password. His"- - - - earned him $50 and four free 5 I made new friends at the party.
games from the video games company. A any B a little C a few
6 How ____boarding passes have you got in
your hand?
A alotof B many C much

0 2 Match the beginnings of t he sentences 1-4 to two

correct endings a- h.
1 l am .•• a on my own.
7 There's
bridge.
A some
amazing graffiti under the

B any C afew
8 There's traffic on the roads this evening.
2 lam doing ... b me really happy.
A alotof B many c much
3 We have ... C somethi ng tonight.
9 There isn't much serious crime where I live,
4 Hem.ike s ... d a lot of thing.c; in common.
but there's vandalism.
e friends easily.
A a little B any C much
f fun together.
g you a favour.
h never wrong.

f REVIEW2
 Complete the story, Use the past simple or
past continuous form of the verbs.
On a cold Janua,y morning, Flight 1549
•_was t<!l!i.!>.9.S!IL (take off) from a New York
airport when it ' _ _ _ (hit) some bird s. Toa
engines 2 (stop) almost immediately.
Captain Sullenberger q uickly realised that
the plane• (fal~ very fast. There was
only one plaoe he could land the plane: on the
Hudson River In the m iddle of New York!
Steven Day is a photographer. That morning
he ·•- - - - (work} on his computer when
someone passed his desk. 'What's that?' they
asked, pointing to something on the river.
Steven 5 _ (find) his camera. At first, he
o 6 Mum and Dad _ _ _ (find out) about this
didn't know what he' _____ (take) pic tures
o r. 'It, _____ (move) down the rtver, like
a boat,· he said, When he looked closely,
he • ____ (see) it was a plane. People
• ____ (stand) on its wings in the middle of
the river!
The next day Stephen's photograph
·() ____ (appear} in newspapers and on
websites all over the world.
~
~===:f'I
j..::_:::::::,::::_:::_:::::::..::.:,.::::::_:::::____
3
0 Complete the second sentence so that it me ans
the same a s t he first. Use t hree or fou r words
including t he word in brackets.
1 It isn't necessary to take your passport. {have)
You _____ take your passport.
2 What's your advice about splitting up with
Francesca?
Do you think ____ with Francesca? (should)
3 It wasn't necessary for them to print their
bo,1rding passes.
They ____ print their boarding passes. (have)
4 Taxi drivers are only allowed to pick up
passengers at the rank.
Taxi drivers ____ passengers at the rank.
(must)
5 Is it a good idea for us to come round after
dinner? (should)
____ after dinner?
Complete t he sentences with t he correct form of
be going to or the present continuous.
1 That woman near the bags is behaving oddly.
I think she ____ {steal) somethi ng.
2 We ____ (get) together on Saturday. Are
you free?
3 I _ _ _ (go away) on holiday in the last two
weeks of August .
4 You drive too fast. One day you {get)
a fine.
5 I've changed my plans. My friends ____ _
(not come round) this evening any more.
and there - - - - (be) trouble.
!) Choose the correct words.
,t'S) 1 One day I'm asking I going lO osk you for a
favour.
2 In my opinion, young people hove 10 / should
stay at school until they are 18.
3 We've got a little fa few time before we need to
set off.
4 We saw Il 11ere seeing the crowds of people
when we were leaving my apartment building.
0 6
M'!"t.
~
Correct the m istake in each sentence.
1 Last week we must do three tests.
2 When we travelled to Cambridge, the car
broke down.
3 I think I going to v isit your house.
4 When I was younger, I spent much money
on sweets.
Afew y&'lrsago w~ moved to a Mw city, so Ihad to change
S<:hools. On th() rirst day at my n~w school, I wM, re<llfy
ne-tvous. I find ' _ _ _ _ hafd to make oe-w hiends and
hardl>• said a word to anyone-for hours.> the
morning break started, I went outside and stood on my own.
I was feeling really lonely.
T01o•,ards the end of break, a girl walked vp to me. She
introducedl as Monka and started chatting right
away. She was also quite new at the school and we soon
discovered we had a 4 in common. We watched
the same TV shows. listened to similar types of music, and
we were both learning to play the guitar.Also, we lived just
aJ minutes'•.valk from each other1
Monica and I have been really good friends since that day.
Natural!)• we sometimes argu-e $ • everyone does,
but we're very close.
 ABOUT YOU
Do you get pocket money for helping at home?
How often do you go shopping? What do you like buying?

VOCABULARY Money and shopping

0 1 Read the quiz questions. Match the words to photos A- H,

CD Two words or phrases match one of the photos.

0 Oo you save up for things?

Yes. I'm always saving up for something.
Sometimes. but not often.
No, I never save up for anything.
t) Have you got a bank account?
Yes. I save my money in mine.
Yes, but I never use lt.
No way. I'm not old enough! 0 Do you always check your change?
Always. Shop assistants often make mistakes.
Do you always look at the price of things before Sometimes.
buying them?
0 Of oourse.
Hardly ever.
©
Idon't always check wtth small things like a drink.
Not really. If I want some.thing, I buy it.
0 Do you keep receipts in case you need to tak&
something b3ck?
I keep everything.
0 Do you look for special offers?
Only for expensive things.
AUthe tirne.
Never.
Sometimes. But if I really want something. I don't care.
Not really. L~e is too short! 0 What do you do with old clothes, DVDs and other stuff?
0 Oo you ever decide not to buy something while you're
tt
t
I throw them in tha bin.
I usually give everything away.
waiting at the checkout?
I sell lhem to friends 0< online.
Often. I realise I don't need something and put it back.
Sometime$.
Not really.

0 ~2 Listen to Gemma and Leo, and read the quiz again. Write G next to Gemma's answers for the quiz.
Do you think Gemma is a Money Wizard or a Money Waster?

(0 3 complete the sentences with words from the quiz.

~ 1 The assistant at the __ .. gave me too much _ ·- .. _.
2 I want to open a. _ .... so that I can put money in there and __ .. _ to buy a new phone.
3 l ook! Those jumpers are on ____ this week- there's 25%off the normal - · - - !
4 I tried to _____ the shoes ____ to the shop, but I didn't have the ___ , so they wouldn't accept them!
s Why don't you _ _ _ your old clothes __ ___to a charity shop?
4 >> Do the quiz and discuss your answers in pairs. Then read the key on page 122. Do you agree?
f UNIT9
 HELP!

Alison's bedroom is Psychologist·s first described the t><Oblems of

full of stuff. 'I've been to
every shop- In Birmingham, I think,;
says Alison. She picks up some
traJnNs. The price 139 Is still on
them.'I p, ;d QO for these. They
cost £40 origin.ally, so they were
half price,' shes~ 'But I've n~r
wom them: Alison's problem wasn't
just <:lothes. She bo1.19ht jewellery,
makc·up and hundreds of other
small thingsonline. $~ hasn't uSEd
any or them!
According to experts,
we all reel excited when we buy
something new. For shopaholics, it's
a little dur~ent Soorl aher they buy
something, they~ ret buying it
and start to feel mjserable. So they
boy themselves something else to
rt>el happier.
shopaholics in 1915. HO\vever, there was very little researc::h
on the subject until recently. Now, doctors think thousands of
pE?Ople uffe-r from the problem, both mE?n and women, and
the situation Is getting worse. There are also more teenage
shopaholics now, although most young people don't ha,•e
enough money to go shopping very regulacly.
Alison knew she had a problem. ·1ohen
bought something every day. It was usually something smalt
b\Jt I j u:st needed to buy it; she says.'When I r(ln o~ money,
I started using crecht cards. Unfortunately, I couldn't ~y them
<'IC and th-e ch<'l rges quickly became a problem.When I
couldn't go shopping, I felt anxious. Then one d,11/, my mum
j ust looked at all the stuff in my room and said, ~Alison, this is
crazy!"Shcwas right. I ll<'ecfcd some big ch.1nges In my life.'
Alison's parents helped w;th her problem and
she now rH!ls she hascha119ed. She no longec- d,h,ks she's a
shopaholic. 'When Iwant to buy something in a shop, I ask
inyselr two questions: sh~ says. ·oo I need it? C.1t 1I aff01 , it?
The answer to both questions is usually"no~ so I walk ;.wray.
lt's9r~<1t!'

4 What is Alison's attitude to shopping now?

Read the article quickly. Which statement is not t rue?
1 Alison's parents know about her problem.
2 Alison's problem is a very modern one.
3 More people are shopaholics now than fifty yea,-.; ago.
Read the article again. Choose the correct answers.
What is the purpose of the article?
A to persuade people to go shopping less
B to encourage people to get help if t hey have
a problem
C to inform people about a problem
D to warn people about the dangers of shopping
2 What did Alison especially like buying?
A sneakers and other i tems of clothing
B discounted items
C anything she could take back to a local shop
D things she could order on the internet
3 What do experts say about shopaholics?
A They reel more excited than other people when
they shop.
B They soon feel unhappy after they have bought
something.
C Shopping is the only way they can feel happy.
D They feel unhappy when they are paying
for things.
A She doesn't often want to buy things now.
B She doesn't enjoy shopping now.
C She still buys things she doesn't need.
D She is in control of her shopping now.
s What advice might Alison give to someone wh )
G
has a problem with shopping?
A Ask someone you are close to for help.
B Never borrow money from friends or famil©
C Always look at the price care full y.
D Avoid going to shops.
ft
IQ 3 Match the highlighted verbs to their meanings.
1 give someone the money that you borrowed
from them
2 be able to buy or do somet hing because you
have enough money or time
3 feel sorry about a situation, especially something
that you w ish you had not done
4 finish, use or sell all of something so that there is
none left
s have an illness or other health problem
TALKING POINTS
How do you fee-I when you buy something
new?
What was the last thing you bought that you
didn' t need?
What advice can you give fo r saving money?

SHOP TILL YOU DROP ,

 GRAMMAR Present perfect The past participle of g«. been and gone

0 1 Read the examples and complet e the rules w ith

the words in the box.
OS Match the examples to the meanings.
1 My brother's gone to the shops.
1 I've been to every shop in Birmingham. 2 My brother's been to the shops.
2 She hasn't used any of them.
3 I've never worn them. a My brother went to the shops earlier but he
4 Have you ever bought something and then been isn't there now.
unhappy with it? b My brother is travelling to the shops or he's
Yes, I have. f No, I haven't , at the shops now.

ever -ed past participle never

))GRAMMAR REFERENCE AND PRACTICE PAGE 14&
a We use the present perfect to talk about
experience.sin our life. Complete the sentences with the corre-ct present
b The positive form is: have l hos+ . _ __ *. perfect form of go.
c The negative form is: hove I hos + not or 1 ____ youever _____ to l ondon?
+ 2 Sally isn't here. She _ _ _ swimming.
d We often use in questions. 3 Rob _ _ _ home. He wasn't feeling well.
e Regular past participles end in . and 4 You're late! Where _ you ?
are the same as the past simple form. 5 I never to Spain but I'd like
to go.
6 Where _____ Dad ? I can't find him

0 Q
"
2 Write the infinitive of these regular and irregular
past participles. Use the list of irregular verbs on
page 158 to help you.
anywhere.

Easily confused words: pay,

chosen heard lent made
VOCABULARY charg•, cast
paid
worn
read
written
travelled tried
0 1 Read the exam ples. Complet e the definitions w it h
C, poy, chorge or cost (of/.
Complete the sentences wi th the present perfect
form o f the verbs.
1 I paid £10 forthese.
2 These trainers cost £40 originally.
3 They charge £1.50 for a small bottle of water!
n
0
1 My sister ____ (win) lots of competitions.
2 My grandparents ____ (never/ buy) anything 4 My brother enjoys his job but the pay is terrible.
online. S The cost of repairing my phone was over £1000
3 l _ _ _ (never / use) a credit card. I'm not old 6 The charges quickly became a problem. <
enough! a ~Charge_is the amount of money that a business
4 My brother (never/ borrow) any money asks for something, especially a service.
from me. b _ _ _ is the amount of money someone
s We ______ (visi l) Ireland. My aunt lives t here. receives for doing a job.
6 Tim and I ____ (never/ have) an argument. c The -·--·· something is the amount or money
7 You _ _ _ (not/ meet) my brother. you pay for it.
8 I _ _ _ (never/ steal) anything in my life! d Products ____ an amount of money to buy.
e Sellers ___ anamount ofmoneyfora
4 )> Turn to page 122. product or service.
f Customers sellers an amount of money
for a product or service.

Choose the correct word.

1 How much do they charge I cost for delivery on
that website?
2 I only paid/ charged £20 for these t rainers.
3 How much does it pay I cost to go by train?
4 The job is hard bul the cost f pay isn't bad.
5 My parents couldn't believe the chorge I cost of
food on holiday. It was really expensive.
6 Students can visit the exhibttion free of charge I pay.

3 >> Work with a partner. Turn to page 122.

 Astory (2)
1 Look at the pictures and read the first sentence of the
story. What do you think happens in the story?
I've nr!Vcr enjoyed shopping for clothes.
Read the Prepare to write box. Then read the
story again. Does it have a clear beginning.
middle and end?
PREPARE TO WRITE
A story (2)
When you write a story:
make sure there is a beginning. middle and
end
use interesting verbs to describe the actions
of the story
use time adverbs and phrases to describe
when things happened: first,, t.hen, when,
while, soon, o few doys loter. o few weeks ofter
that, suddenly.

Match the highlighted verbs in the story to

the meanings.
1 take part in a competition
2 found by looking on a computer
3 returned something to a shop by post
4 saw

Find five time adverbs and phrases in the

story. Then choose the correct time adverbs
in the sentences.
1 I called my friend os soon os / while the
accident happened.
2 About ten mi nutes then/ later, I finally
arrived home.
3 He discovered the truth whUc / then he was
reading some old letters.
4 She when/ suddenly had a brilliant idea! \:..)
Q
s I needed a new jacket Soon/ First, I tried
looking online. 17\
6 When/ While I got to school, it was atread\C,/
nine o'clock.
2 Read the first few sentences of Jamie's s'tory and
check your ideas. 6 Read the task and plan your story.
Your English teacher has asked you to write
I've never enjoyed shopping for clothes. It takes a story.
ages, and when I get home I always regret buying Your story must begin with one of these
something, and then I have to take it back. So on& sentences:
day l decided to try doing it onlinc. My dod handed me a big bag from a
I looked up 1he website of my favourite dothes shop department store.
and soon I had everything I needed. And thete wete While Chloe was looking at the website,
lots of special offers too! White I was paying. for she sow the special offer.
everything, I noticed a competition. I could win the While I wos leaving the shop, the security
money I paid for my dot.hes. I've never been lucky, guard srap~ me.
but I decided to enter.
Write your story.
A few days later the clothes arrived. Unfortunately,
Use the tips in the Prepare to write box.
nothing fitted me apart from some socks. So I
Write about 100 words.
sent b ack everything ... except for the socks.
Remember to check your spelling and
A few weeks after that. I got an email. I was one grammar.
of the winners in their competition. I got back
everything I paid for the clothes online. And how
much was that? £4.99!

SHOP TILL YOU DROP 51

 ABOUT YOU
0 0 06 Watch the video and then
answer the questions.
What are your favou rite types of food?
Is your diet healthy? Why?
What's the most unusual food }'OU've
ever tried?
Do you think it's good to try lots or
different food and drink?

VOCABULARY Food and drink adjectives

1 Look at the photos. Which of the foods have you t:Jl>S Match the foods that Ali tasted to the adjectives
o ~2
tried? Did you like them?
Listen to the first part of a conversation. What is
,,. ~ he used to describe them. Then listen again and

0
'liill' check.

lo
l
'I!! Isla asking Ali to do?
delicious disgusting horrible tnsty
cJi! 3 Listen to the second part of the conversation.
1 pineapple 3 lemon juice

0
" Number the photos in the order of the taste test.
2 sushi 4 curry
cJi! 4 Match the adjectives to the foods in lsla's project.
"$ Then listen and check. 6 Discuss the questions.
l juicy a curry l What's the most delicious food you've ever eaten?
2 sour b pineapple 2 What's the most disgusting food you've ever tried?
3 raw c lemon juice 3 What food do you eat raw'
4 spicy d salmon 4 Whar spicy food do you eat?
s bitter e bread S Do you often eat vegetarian meals?
6 sweet f vegetables 6 Oo you eat a lot of sweet things?
7 frozen g cake
8 fresh h coffee

f UNIT 10
 d Oncemydadbrought homesome
giant toasted ants from a business
trip to Colombia. They tasted good, like salry
meat. I described them on a website and I
got a lot of replies! So I started looking fo,
<llhe, unusual fo«ls an~ I set up a bt<lg to
write about them. I've tried over a hundred
different things since I started my blog,
iJ Th~t'sd~nitely the
cheeseburger in a can. A reader
sent it to me from Germany. It tasted like
a really low-quality vegetarian burger.
It looked hoftible aoo it tasted worse. I
,eally couldn't finish it.
a Oh, my favourite is miracle

fJ r he~r;gest is durian fruit. from

South East Asia. It's actually illegal
to carry them on public transport In some
berries, from Africa.They taste
bitter, and after you eat them anything
that's sour tastes sweet! lemon juice, for
example, tastes like sweet lemonade!

e
countries because t~y smell disgusting
- like old fruit aod tubbish. However, they
Not once. I'm always careful
taste incredible- sweet and creamy. I've also
that the food is safe. My
cooked with unusual ingredients. I found a
parents check everything. They've
recipe for an ostrich curry online. and last
tried lots of things too. They loved my
week I made that. An ostrich is a bird, but its
osttich rurry!
meat is dark red. I expected a strong flavour,
but it isn't as meaty as lamb. I got it from an
ostrich fann In England.
1

Find these words in the article.

Then match them to their meanings.

Read the interview quickly. Match questions a-e to

1 giant
a very large
©
spaces 1-s. b very small
2 recipe
a What's the most interesting thing you've ever eaten?
a instructions for cooking somethi ng
b Why did you start your website?
b a book about food
c Have you ever been ill because of something you've
3 flavour
t ried?
a how food or drink smells
d And what about the most disgusting?
b how food or drink tastes
e What's the best food you·ve tried?
4 lamb

0 2 Complete the sentences with one word in each space.

1 Ollie started his blog
2 Ollie's
• years ago.
gave him the toasted ants.
a meat or a young sheep
b a type of fruit
s low-quality
a something that's very good
3 In some countries, it's against the law to durian b something that isn't very good
fruit on public transport
4 The smell of durian fruit is ____ _
5 Ollie recently made a curry with some ost1ich · - - - ·· TALKING POINTS
6 Ollie didn't e•t all of the cheeseburger in a· - - - ·· What food 01 drink from your country
7 Miracle berries make sour things taste ______. would you like Ollie to try?
8 Ollie has never been ____ from earing foods for
Do you think more people will eat
his blog. insects in the future? Why?/ Why not?

TASTE THIS!
T9\
 GRAMMAR Present perfect and
past simple
(0 S Write for or since for these t ime phrases.

three weeks this morning a long time

0 1 Read the examples. Then complete the rules with

present perfect or past simple.
1 Ollie's eaten everything from ants to zebra.
2018 Monday
four o'clock midday
a few years

2 I made an ostrich curry last week.

6 Complete the sentences about you.
a we use the to ask or talk about o I 'v£/ig<,p (be) at this school for three years
experiences in our life. 1 I ____ (not miss) a lesson since ___.
b We use the ___ _ _ {often with a pasttime 2 We _____ (be) in this classroom for ____.
phrase) to ask or say exactly when something 3 I ____ (noteat)anythingsince _____ .
happened. 4 Our teacher ____ (work) here for ____ .
c V-Je do not use past time phrases with the 5 I ____ (not do) an exam since ____.
6 I ___ (live) in this town for ____ .

0 1 Correct the mistake in each sentence.

0 2 Choose the correct form of the verbs.

1 We enjoyed the party, but there hasn't been I
wasn't anything to eat.
2 Macy had I~ hod an argument with her best
friend yesterday.
3 We eat meat, but we went/ 'Ve been to
vegetarian restaurants lots of times.
4 Did you ever cook f Have you ever cooked a meal
for your friends?
S It was Mum's birthday on Sunday and we
went J 've been out to a restaurant.
6 I never ordered f 've never ordered piua online.
,@ 1 Yesterday I have left my phone at your house.
2 Hi! I didn't see you for a long time.
3 I know her since 2010.
4 On my last birthday I've got a lot of present s
from my friends.
5 Have you ever visit London?
6 Two weeks ago I've watched a tennis match.
A
l~ 8 In pairs, ask questions with How long ...? Answer
'W t hem with for or since.
0 you I know i your best friend?
1 you f have/ your phone?

0 3 Ask and answer questions usi ng the present

perfect with ever and the past simpfo.
2 you/ be/ in this class?
3 you /live/ in your home?
A: How long have you known your best friend?
O go to a concert? - Who/ see?
1 make anyone angry? - Who/ be I it? B: /'Ve known my best friend for ...
2 eat out with your friends? - Where/ go?
3 win anything? - What/ win?
look, taste1 smell
A: Hove you ever been to a concert?
-------------
0 B: Yes, I have.
A: Who did you sec?
B: I saw Calvin Harris Jost year.
0 J. Read the examples. What type of word can we
~ after the verbs look, taste and smell?
0
1 It looked horrible.
How long? and for/since 2 They taste bitter.

0 4 Read the examples. Then complete the rules with

the words in the examples.
(0 2
3 It smells disgusting.
Complete the sentences with the correct form of
look, taste or sme/1 and an adjective from the box.
1 How long has Ollie had a blog? He's had a blog
fo r two years. disgusting clean exhausted bitter
2 He's tried over a hundred different things since delicious upset "elO
he started his blog.
O Those trainers look new. When did you buy them?
We use: 1 What are you cooking? It !
a ____ _ to ask a question in the present 2 My coffee _ _ . Did you put sugar in it?
perfect about a period of time. 3 These socks don't ____• Put them in the
b ___ to say when something started. washing machine.
c to give the period of time something 4 You all ____• Did you go to bed late last
has continued. night?
s Mum ______. You should apologise.
6 This burger _ _ _. I'm not going to finish it.
)) GRAMMAR REFERENCE AND PRACTICE PAGE 147
3 » Work with a partner. Turn to page 122.
f UNIT10
 Ordering food

1 Have you ever made a meal for anyone? Who was

it for? What did you make?
1 Look at the menu below and answer the questions.
1 What do you think 'veggie' means?
\0
2 How much is a spicy beef pizza with olives?
2 You are going to listen to some short extracts.

• Read the questions and look at the pictures .

What words might you hear in each extract?
3 Why are there two prices for cola?

1 What did the irl cook when she was young? Listen to the conversation. What does Emma
order? How much is her meal?
Read the Prepare to speak box. Then listen again.
0
Which phrases do Emma and the server use?
0
PREPARE TO SPEAK
2 Ordering food
Phrases the server uses Phrases the customer
What can I get you? uses
What would you like? Could I have .. . , please·?
And to drink' I'll have .•. , please.
Anything else? I'd like ... , please.
Eat in or take out? Have you got any ... ?
3 Who is a vegetarian ?
Here's your change. Here you are.

~ De
4 Look at the menu again and decide what you

1&11
4 Which dish isonl, available toda ? S
would like to order. In pairs, practise ordering
food. Use phrases from the Prepare to speak box.
Act out your conversation for the class.

Sandwichc1 / Panlnl

©0 5 Which food does Lizzie dislike?

6 Which ingredient do they need to buy?

a "
~ (I

Listen and choose the correct picture A, B or C.

listen again and check.

TASTE THIS!
 I I I

1 Answer t he questions.
1 What do you think British people eat in a typical day?
2 What do you know about t,aditional British dishes?
3 Oo you think British food is very different from food in you r country?

2 Read the t ext quickly. Match t he underlined food to photos A- G.

Many tourists are quite surprised by all the delicious food they can find
in the UK. In the past, many visitors had a bad opinion of British cooking,
b ut that w as often because they ate in cheap restaurants that only served
food for tou rists. Fortunatety, things have changed in recent years and now
tourists can find many types of good quality food all over the country.

...-....-::=s--:::"'IS"'I Typical favourites

You can find excetlent traditional British food in the thousands
of cafes, restaurants and takeaways around the UK. A typical
cafe dish, and pefhaps the best-known abroad, is the :ML
Eog!istLbt~l<f.ast'.. That's eggs, sausage, tomatoes, beans and
fried b<ead. If yoo want something hot lor lunch In a car~. try
the meat or vegetarian pies on offer.
A classic summer dish is Rloughmarfs lunch, which is a
/.]!;,::::::_.;;.~ :!:::...,.;jlll cold dish of bread, butter, cheese, pickled onion and salad.
On Sundays, ifs typical to have a roast dinner with friends
and family, Roast beef, lamb or chicken is served with potatoes and boiled
vegetables such as carrots and broccoli, and gravy is poured on top. Gravy is a
thick. brown sauce and it's delicious!
Takeaways are really popular in the UK. These are small shops that sell hot food
that customers take home or eat on the street. Fish and chips has been a British
takeaway favourite for a long time. They fry the fish in batter (a mixture of flour
and water) and it's often SE!fVed with peas, and, of course, tots of chips!

Local dishes
Many places in the UK have local specialities. In Scotland, Cullen skink is a
creamy soup with fish, potatoes, onions, and milk. In Wales, one of the most
popular dishes is called Welsh rarebit. It's hot cheese on toast. And for dessert
you can try some bara brith- It's a sweet bread with fruit and spices.

International options
Since the 1950s, many immigrants have come to Britain from all over the world
and they have brought lots of International dishes with them: curry from India and
Pakistan, pizza and pasta from Italy, along with dishes from China, Japan, Egypt,
Mexico and many other places. Ct.1rry, in particular, has become so popular that
it is often called a 'national dish' of the UK.
Wrth all of these choices, tourists nowadays won't have a,,y problems eating in
the UK. Their biggest challen~ will be deciding what to eat!

CULTURE
 3 Are the sentences true or false? Correct the false sentences.
1 At the moment, British food hasn't got much variety.
2 Nowadays, British people don't eat roast dinners.
3 People usually cook fish and chips at home.
4 Cullen skink is an English dish that has fish and potatoes.
S Welsh rarebit is a recipe that hasn't got any meat or fish.
6 British food has become more varied because of immigration.

0 4 Match the highlighted words in the text to the meanings.

1 kept in vinegar or salty water
2 famous dishes
3 a place that cooks and sells food for people to eat
somewhere else
4 maybe, possibly
s something difficult
Listen to Emily and her cousin Andrew, who is from the USA.
Answer the questions.
1 Where are Emily and Andrew now?
2 What decision are they trying to make?
3 What historical event does Emily talk about?
Listen again. Complete the sentences with one or two words.
1 At first,Andrewsuggests they have _____ for lunch.
2 Emily thinks some ---·-·· tikka masala would be good.
3 Andrew says he isn't a big fan of ______ dishes.
4 Bangers and mash are _____ with mashed· - - -·

© 5 Emily says that cottage pie isn't a _____.

Jm;;:+JD
6 Trifle is made with _____ , _____ jelly and cream.

7 Read t he Useful language phrases. Complete t hem with \ PROJECT

~ a;;:;~~o: ; : ~ ; . : ;ntry.
Discussing possibllitfes
1 A famousdi.sh in our country would be .. ,
2 A popular local •peciality might be ...
3 Visitors could perhaps try .. .
4 A popular fast food here would be ...
5 Some tourists might not like ...
6 People who like desserts might want to try . ..
/ Present your guide to the class. Then
Write a food guide for tourists wh~
visit your town or city. Use the
questions below to help you.
• What food is popular in your
country?
• What are the local specialities
where you llve7
, Which restaurants should tourists
try in your area?
• What fast food is popular where you
live?
• What dessert s or sweets should
visitors have?
• What other food might people want
to try?
post your wor1< at school where
other people can see it.
 Complete t he table with the w ords from
ABOUT YOU Exercise 1. Add more parts of the body you can
0 08 Watch the video and then answer the
0 questions.
Are you generally quite healthy?
see in the photo.

head chin, ...

Have you ever broken an arm or a leg? What body back, .
happerled?
leg ankle, ...
Do you think most people would like to live to be
l ,000 years old? Why?/ Why not? arm elbow, . ..

A3
~ Listen to three conversations. Match t he speakers
to the sentences.

VOCABULARY Body and health ~ I Sam Kelly Josh I

0 Gl
"
1 Match the words to the parts of the body A-N.
~ Then l isten and check.
a ____ mightbo il l.
b ____ had an accident and is injured.
c has sore legs and arms after
doing sport.
ankle back cheek chest chin 4 Discuss the illnesses and inj uries. What parts
elbow finger forehead knee ~ of the body do t hey affect?
neck shoulder throat thumb toe
aches broken (a) cold (a) cough
(a) cut earache (a) fever flu
sore stomach ache toothache

~ 5 Complete the sentences with words from Exercise 0

(0
53
There is one word you don't need. Listen again )
and check.
~ 1 Sam played tennis yesterday and now she's goh
(a) ____ in her arms, legs and back. ~
2 Kelly's got a headache, and she has a
{b) __ inside her mouth. She says her
cheek's (c) ____. She needs to go to the
Q dentist because she has (d) ____.The other
girl hurt herthumb, but it wasn't (e) ____.
3 Josh feels very hot, so he thinks he's got a
( f) ____. Dora thinks that Josh m ight
be gett ing a (g) _____. Josh has a sore
throat and a (h) . Last night he had
(i) , too. He hopes he hasn't got
(j) - - - -·
6 In pairs, compa re the illnesses and injuries
you've had.
A: I've had o fever.
B: Me too. Ihad o hlgh temperature last year.

f UNIT11
 How long do you expect to live? One hundred years ago, people died at the age of about SO, These days, people
often live for 90 years or more, and doctors predict that most teenagers alive today wilt live to be over 100. But one
scientist, Dr Aubrey de Grey, thinks that medicine will soon allow people to live to the age of 1,000.
Or de Grey says that most people die from old age, or rather from a Many scientists disagree. All through history,
d'sease that old people's bodies are unable to light. But, he says: 'I scientists have predicted that we wiU live for ever,
think we're close to keeping people so healthy that at the age of 90, says Professor S. Jay Olshansky. A Chinese scientist,
thf)l"ll wake up eve-ry day in the same physical state as they were Ko Hung, said 1,700 years ago that eating
at the age of Jo: Dr de Grey believes that doctors can look after very little would help people to live for '
the human body in the same way that we look after things like old ever, but he died at the age of 60.
cars. Scientists ha'le invented drugs Utat can completely repair old The English scie11tist Roger Bacon
or damaged parts of our bodies. Their ,esea,ch suggests that people thought we could Uve for ever by
who take these drugs 1nen't going to get old or die fiom common eating gold, but. lie died aged
diseases. Their bodies a,e going to stay healthy - a,,d young, De 78. There's a long
Grey's plans mean there might be a lot more people on the planet, list of promises,
but de Grey says that doesn't matter, because our priority should says Professor
be health not population. 'We still need to give people the best Olshansky,
healthcare that we can.' and de Grey is going to continue to do but there's
exattly that through his research. However, Dr de Grey warns tllat
people won't Uve for evM. Although people won't. die from the
diseases or old age. U1ey1l still hav• accidents, such •scar c,asloes.

Comments ( 43)

I don't believe this. Anyway. who wants People love the idea of living for ever, Dr de Grey is probably tight. I think I'll
(7\to live that long? W e will become very but I think jt's impos.o:;ible. I'm going to find out more aboul lhese drugs! BuL ("";:\)
~ o , ing after a few hundred years! look after my own health. and forget millions of people die every year from \_V
Simone; Peterborough; UK about Dr de Grey. ca.ncer. f'o1 instance, and we can't even
Hannah, Sydney, Australia cure that yet. Let's cure cancer first! ©
0 Damian; Londo~ UK

0 1
2
Read the news report and the comments quickly. Who agrees with Dr de Grey?
Match the highlighted words in the article to the meanings.

0 1 medicines
2 a n illness
4 the opposite of deed
5 say something will happen
3 broken, hurt
3 Read the news report again and answer the questions.
1 How has the length of human lives changed in the past 100 years?
2 How does Or de Grey think the length or human lives will change in
TALKING POINTS
the future? What do you think of Dr de
3 What do most people die from today? Grey's ideas? Do you agree
4 Why does Or de Grey compa re human bod ies with cars? or disagree with Professor
5 How might Orde Grey's ideas affect the human population? Olshansky? Why? / Why not?
6 What will people d ie from if they don't d ie from discaS<!? Would you like to live to he
7 What do Ko Hung and Roger Bacon have in common? 1,000? Why? / Why not?
8 What is Simone's opinion about living for ever?
9 What would Damian prefer scientists to work on?

AHEALTHY FUTURE ~
 Illnesses and injuries:
GRAMMAR w/11 and be going to VOCABULARY verbs

0 1 Match t he examples to the rules.

1 Medicine will allow people to live to the age
of 1,000.
0 1 How many verbs can you match with 1-3?
~ break catch cut feel get
2 Their research suggests that people arcn•t going
have hurt injure be
to die from common diseases.
3 De Grey is going to continue to do exactly that.
4 I think I'll find out more about these drugs. ~
0 1 a cold 2 sick 3 your leg

2 Choose the two correct ans wers.

We use wi/1 ... O I was quite iU yesterday, but I'm better now.
• to predict the future generally. A catching @ feeling (<:)getting
b ._,1hen we decide to do something while we are 1 Ouchi My throat
speaking. A i njures B feels sore C hurts
2 My sister _ ill last night.
We use be going to ... A was B caught C fel t
c to talk about something we have already 3 He's never flu.
decided to do. A caught B had C felt
d to predict the future based on something we 4 I've _ my ankle.
can see or know now. A broken B caught C injured
5 Be careful. Don't . your thumb.
A cut B get C hurt
)) GRAMMAR REFERENCE AND PRACTICE PAGE 148
6 My uncle __ his shoulder last week.

0
A got B broke C hurt
2 Choose the correct verb form. A,
c::J& 3 Complete the conversations with the correc't form
Q 1 I'm glad you '/I visit/ 're going to visit i n June.~ ss
of the verbs. Then listen and check.
2 l et's have a snack. I 'm going to get/ 'II get us
some popcorn.
break hurt injure
3 No, I don't want to come o ut, t11anks. I 'II hove/
'm going to hove an early night. Doctor: What seems to be the problem?
4 There isn't a cloud in the sky. It won't rain/ My fingerreally 1 _ _ _ _ .I' _____ i t
Zac:
isn't going to rain!
last night when I was playing football.
5 I '//go/ 'm going to go and visit my cousins in the
Doctor: let me see. Can you move it at all?
summer. We've already bought the tickets.
6 In my opinion, scientists ore going to find I will
Zac: Yes, a bit.
Doctor: OK,soyouhaven't 3 _ _ _ it. Butv,e
n)
\..:_J
find a cure for all cancers soon.
need to ...
7 You should watch this film. I thi nk you 'II like /
0 're going to like it.
8 Speak clearly or thechildren won't understand I
catch feel have (got) have(got) ©
aren't going to understand you.
Niall: What are you going to do this weekend?

0 3 Complete the sentences. Use the will or be going

to future form of t he verb in brackets.
1 Hey, I _____ (help) you pick up these books.
Anna: Not m uch! I ' _____ flu. I started to
• ____ ill on Thursday, and now I'm
exhausted. I • a fever at the
moment, and aches in my arms and legs.
2 Do you think we ·--·-· (find) life on other Niall: Is anyone else in your family ill?
planets? Anna: No, but my sister was ill last week, so
3 I've decided about the party. I (not maybe 17 _ it from her.
come), I have to >tudy this evening.
4 Oh, no, look at those cyclists. They ___ -·· 4 >> Work with a partner. Student A turn to
(crash)! page 123. Student B tu rn to page 126.
s Don't worry about me. I ____ (see) the
doctor tomorrow.
6 It's late, I think I ____ (go) home now.

4 Read the questions and prepare your answers.

Then ask and answer the questions.
1 Is it going to rain later?
2 What are you going to do at the weekend ?
3 Do you think you'll go to university?
4 What kind of job do you thi nk you'll do?
S Where will you live when you're older?

f UNIT 11
 An article (1) Read the Prepare to write box. Match the parts
of the article 1-3 below with paragraphs A-C in
Exercise 3.
1 What do you do to keep fit during the summer
hol idays?
PREPARE TO WRITE
An article (1)
Organise your article into paragraphs:
1 Introduction
2 Main article: answer each question from the
exa m task
3 Conclusion

Then w rit e a title t hat will hel p readers to

understand the whole article.

2 Read the notice. What should your article include?O

5 Read the article in the correct order. Then choose
the best title.
What suggestions would you make?
1 Encourage your friends
You see the following notice in a magazine. 2 How to stay fit and healthy
3 You should do a triathlon

6 Read the notice. What should your article include?

Make notes of your suggestions.
You see this notice in a health and fi tness
magazine.
Doing sport is healthy, but routines can be hatd
to follow. Why is sport important? What sports
are you going to do this holiday? How will you
make sure you do them regularly? ARTICLES
Write an article answering t hese questions.
We will publish the most interesting articles WANTED!
in our mag azine.
We know we should avoid fast food and
sweets, but it can be hard to do. What should
a healthy d iet include? How healthy is your
Read the article that a student has written. (It is d iet? How can you avoid unhealthy food?
not in the correct order.) Does it include any of
your suggestions?
Write an article answering these three
I questions. We will p1.1blish the most
.--. interesting articles in our magazine.

Q
I find it's a good ideo to have a goal,
' like a cace, because a goal gives you
o. reason to do sports regulotly.
7 Write your article.

0
People know that doing sport is
1
healthy, but they often say they don't
•
.
• Use your notes from Exercise 6.
Follow the structure and instructions in the
hove time to do it.
fj.
~ Prepore to write box.
Use be going to and w;JJ to explain your decisions

G
Doing eports is o gre(lt way to keep
and predictions.
' fit. h's good for your heart and it
Use l anguage for giving advice: It's a good ldea
makes your body strong and healthy.
to, Remember to, You should
There's a triathlon in my town at the end of Wri te about 100 words.
the hoJidoy, o.nd I'm going to compE=?te in it! Remember to check your spelling and grammar.
A triathlon is a race where you have to swim,
then cycle, and then run. So this holiday I'm
going to lroio for the triathlon. rm going to
train with a group of friends. That way w~ will
be ablo to oncouragc each other to carry on.

AHEALTHY FUTURE 61
 ABOUT YOU
What is your favourite animal ?Why?
Which of these animals have you seen?Where?
Which of them can you see in ~,our country?

1
Animals

o*
1
--- ------ -- -- - ---
Look at the quiz. Match the animals to the photos. Then listen
(D and check.
ant bat bee butterfly deer donkey eagle
fly fox frog mosquito shark wolf worm

o*
2
3
Do the quiz. Then listen and check.

Describe an animal without saying its name.

Can your partner guess what it is?

gt,te,# wlii.,,ch ~ ...

1 can grow mushrooms.
A ant B bee C parrot D worm
i kills the most humans every year.
A mosquito B shark C snake D tiger
3 uses sound to find food.
A ant B bat C donkey D frog
4 loves the smell of toothpaste.
A bear B deer C fox D parrot
5 communicates by dancing.
A buttenly B bee C eagle D kangaroo
6 can't recognise itself in a mirror.
A dog a dolphin C elephant D monkey

7 doesn't drink much water.

A camel a donkey C giraffe D wolf
8 usually lives alone.
A bat B bee C fly D whale
9 is not frightened of lions.
A cat B dog C donkey D rat
10 can't fly.
A ant B bat C parrot D
 >
A They think that at least 80% of animal and plant life
on Earth could still be unknown, And of the known animals,
there are some pretty unbelievable s.-pecies.

B _ _ _ The blobfish could be the world's ugliest animal.

Out of the water, It ha$ a race like an old man because Its
t:>ody Is soft and full of fat. It lookS more like a ·normal' fish
1,000m underwater because. the water pressure pushes Its
body into shap~ The lampf'ey k>oks like it might be something
out of a horror film! Actualty, it's a fish, and in this picture its
mouth is open. To eat, the lamprey bites another fish and
drinks the blood - like a vampire. As its name suggests, the
star-nosed mole looks like It has a star on its face! In fact,
those are tentacles around Its nose. It lives under the ground,
and is almost blind. It moves slowly and uses Its tent4cles to
feel for worms in the dark Once its tentacles find a worm, it
can eat it in 0.25 seconds!
C - - Sometimes hamileSS•IOOking
animals can ~ extremely dange<ous es
well. The stow lori.s hes a sweet face and
huge eyes, but be coreful - ft might bite
you, and there's poison in its mouth. The golden
poison dart frog looks beautiful, but you mustn't
touch it. There's enough poison on the back of this
frog to kill 10 people! The pufferfish can kill people
even when it's dead. In Japan, pufferfish ( or fugu)
is a rare and expensive dish. It must be absolutely
delicious because people who eat It are taking a
big risk. Parts of Its body contain poison. Eating the
wrong port con cause death, and only special chefs
are ollowed to pre~re it. Still, oround 100 people
die every year from eating fugu,

In pairs, discuss the animals in the photos.

1 What kinds of animal are tlley?
2 Where do they live?
3 What Is interesting about them?

0 2 Read the paragraphs quickly and check your

answers to Exercise 1. Then match the bold
animal names with the photos.
Discuss the questions in pairs. Read the article
again and check.
1 Why does the blobfish look less ugly 1,000 m

0 3 Match the sentences to spaces A-C.

1 What animals do you think are the most
dangerous - a snake, a spider, perhaps a shark?
underwater?
2 Why is the lamprey similar to a vampire?
3 Why does the star-nosed mole need tentacles?
4 How can the slow loris hurt people?
2 There are some very funny•looking animals out
s How can the golden poison dart frog kill people?
there.
6 Why do people eat pufferfish?
3 Scientists discover hundreds of new and unusual
ani mals every year.
• TALKING POINTS
0 4 Match the highlighted words in the article to the
meanings.
1 not dangerous
Why have we discovered only 20% of
the world's animals and plants?
What other weird-looking or
2 a substance that can kill you if you eat it
dangerous animals can you think of?
3 unable to see
4 quite, but not completely or extremely
s

61
the surface of the earth
6 the physicill form of something
INCREDIBLE WILDLIFE
 GRAMMAR Madals of probability Look at the photos and discuss what animals they
can't, might or must be.

0 1 Look at the photo and read the conversation.

Then complete the rules with the bold verbs.

A: This looks like it might be a plant.

B: Or it could be a stick.
A: No, wait. It can't be a stick. It's got eyes.
A: It has some red on ic, so it can't be a tiger.
B: Yes, and antennas.
B: It could be o bird ...
A: And it's got six legs, so it must be some sort
A: 0111 I know. It must be a . .. !
of insect.

a We use / + infinitive to talk

about things that are possible.
VOCABULARY Adverbs of probability
b we use

< We use
+ infinitive to talk about
things that we think are certain,
+ infinitive to talk about
(0
~
1 Read the examples. Complete the diagram with
~ the bold adverbs.
things that are impossible.
1 tt has fur. It's definitely an animal of some kind.
2 It isn'l in water, so Ws definitely not a fish.
)) GRAMMAR REFERENCE AND PRACTICE PAGE 149

® Choose the correct option.

3 It's very small, so it's probably an i nsect.
4 I'm not sure what it is. Perhaps it's a bird of
some kind.
n
\J
/j)
◄
1 That bird could/ can't be a penguin, It Hew onto
~ the roof.
,_(P
0
\:..,I 2 Our dog hasn't moved all day. He could I can't
beilt.
3 Be careful. I can hear a mosquito. It might I must
ti
u 2
probably not ' __ I maybe '- _

Look at t he photos and discuss what t hey m ight

be. They both have a connection to this unit.
bite you.
4 Something iseating food from the bins. There Use adverbs of probability, Check your ideas on
aren't any wolves around here, but it can't f page 123.
could be a rox.
5 It's big and it's got brown fur. It can't I might
be a bear.
6 The cat's asleep. She cont/ must be sleepy
today.
7 It's got four legs, so it could/ can't be a snake.
8 I can hear a voice speaking, but there•s nobody
here. It must/ can't be that parrotl

listen to sounds 1• 8. In groups 1 discuss what the

sounds can't, might or must be.

3 »pageWork with a partner. Student A turn to

123. Student B turn to page 127.

f
 Describing a photo (1)

1 Read the TV guide and look at t he photos. In 1 Look at t he photo. What do you think is
pairs. discuss how the animals might help people. happening?

We're always hcilring stories in the news about how

we need to save the planet's wildlife. But sometimes
humans need ht>lp too. ln today's show we look
at ho'II clever c,eatures Cd.tl help people to live
no1mal lives - for example, people who a.c4? blind. 01
wheelchair users as welt as how animals help the
emergency services and army to keep us safe.

c:l& 2 Listen to someone describing the photo and check

" your ideas.

Describing a photo (1)

Saying what you Guessing what 1s
can see happening
I can see .. . Perhaps .••
There's .. . Maybe .
On the left/right, It's probably .. .
Listen to the show. Which three animals do they In the middle . .. They might be ...
talk about?
Listen aga in. Complete the sentences with Dogs,
Rats or Bees.
1 ___ • avoid a problem because they aren't ~
0 '? 3 Read the Prepare to speak box. Then complete the
sentences a bout t he photo using words from the
as heavy as humans. box. listen again and check.
2 can bring things to people.
3 ___ can hel p find dangerous chemicals. 1 The dog is ____ a rescue dog.
4 _ _ _ can hel p find bombs that are under 2 On the __ _ _ , one person is digging down
the ground. into the snow.
5 · - · - - · can help with buying things. 3 _____ they're looking for someone.
6 are cheaper to tra in than ot her a nimals. 4 The other person's on the ____.
5 He ____ bethedog'strainer.
4 Discuss the questions. 6 ____ the dog has found the person.
1 In what ways do you think Riley has improved
Donna's life?
4 Work with a partner. Take turns to describe the
photo i n Exercise 1. Use phrases from the Prepare
2 In what other ways can animals improve
to speak box.
people's lives?
3 Is it fair to use animals to help us in dangerous S )) Work with a partner. Turn to page U4.
situations? Why?/ Why not?
• INCREDIBLE WILDLIFE 71
 LIFE SKILLS
Respecting the environment
The environment is the natural wortd around
us. It includes the land, water and air where
plants and animals live. Pcoptc also need the
envi ronment to live, so we must work together
to protect and care for our natural home,
1 Ask and answer the questions with a partner.
1 How often do you use public transport?
2 Ooes your family recycle at home?
3 Oo you like spending time in natura1a reas?

Read the text quickly. What a re t he three Rs?

Reduce, reuse, recycle

The first way to help the cnv,ronmcnt Is to udua any resources that you use. For example, you can turn off the
Wdter while brushing your teeth, and hcwe d short shower in~tead of a long one.
Turning off lights and other electrkal Items when they aren't needed also saves energy. And eating less meat
eat can help tht? e,nvironrnent too• It takes te-n limes more ener<JY to prodvce beef compar€'d with vegetdbl~.
Pethaps the blgge<.t (hange we (an inak(> is redudng how rnuc.h plastk we u~ Tt)' to buy food thatis not
v,napped in plastic and buy a r(>usable bottle for water instead of buying water in plastic bottles.
must also reuse things mo,e oftPn. For ex.1mple-, when WP'rn going to go to the supr,m;uk~t, w<>G.in tak<>
sable bags. If VI(> do that, we won't need plastic bags, whi(h usually end up in tile rubbish. Other things can also be rt-usable, such as
teries, If we use rechargeabk? batte-ries, we won't need new ones all the time. We can also seU or give ;yway things that we don't want,
~ Id clothes or books. soother people can reose them.
~ hird rule is to r«yclt as muchas possible. Ifwe recycle papef and cardboard, we won't need to cut down so many trees. Many sorts ©
of plastk. metal and glass ate also re<:yclable. Ifwe re<:ycle those old materfal~ it will save resou((es and use less energy than creating
new materials. Look out for re<.yding bins in your neighbovrhood and separate materiah comKtly wht>O you r~le.

In addition to the three As. we need IO are for natural $p0Ces, such as parks. We should always throw
paper, plastic and othe, litter into the correct rubbish bins. When.,., go camping...., mustn, feed any
wild animals. such as ducks. W• don't want Ihem to follow peoplo around for food. And Wwe make a fin,
IO cook our rood, we must be careful so we c1on, start any fo,ost Ike!.
We can also inform other poopl• about the need for environmental protection. We can make
presentations al school and collect money for environ mental o,ganisatioos. Anally, we can <elebrale
special occasions about nature, such as Eart'1 Day on 22nd April
 3 Complete the sentences with one or two words from the text.
1 There are many ____ to protect the environment.
2 People need to _ _ _ the natural resources that they are using.
3 It's better to take bags when you go to the supermarkeL
4 It takes less to recycle materials than to make new ones.
s We should throw litter into to keep our nature parks dean.
6 If campers aren't careful when they cook, they can start ____.

0 4 Match the lj!gn\igntecl words in the text to the meanings.

1 types or kinds of things
2 tell people about something
3 paper and other things that people drop in the street
4 normal, not special or unusual
5 things from nature that we can use

listen to a podcast about an environmental campaign.

What are the two main problems in the park?

Listen again. Are the sentences true or false?

Hannah works for an organisation that protects the
©
environment.
2 The students have finished making their video.
3 Lots of young people go hiking in the nature park.
4 Some people are burning the trees in t he park.
S The main characters of the film are superheroes. \ PROJECT - 1-
6 They're only going to show the film at school.

0 7 Complete the Useful /onguoge phrases with the

words in the box.
Work in groups. Brainstorm ideas for an
environmental campaign and then make a
presentation or video. Use the questions below
to help you think.
could else idea possible
sure think , What environmental topics interest you?
• Are there any environmental issues in your
area?
USEFUL LANGUAGE , Do the people in your area recycle enough?
Brainstorming ideas , What sorts of campaign would be fun to do?
• Are you good at t aking photos or making
1 I think we ____ make a poster.
videos?
2 What do you we should do?
• Could you create a computer presentation?
3 Do you think that's ?
4 I'm not about that . Share your presentation or video with the
s What ____ can we do? class. Then vote on the best idea.
6 That's a great . ___ .

RESPECTING THE ENVIRONMENT

 VOCABULARY Complete the sentences with the words in
Exercise 2. Use two words from each topic.

0
1 I've had a for over a week. It's really
1 Complete the crossword . making my throat sore.
2 This chocolate isn't vel)' nice. It's too ____•
[' [ 3 Unlike most other birds, female ____ are
larger than the males.
4 Can you feel my ____? I think I've got a
temperature.
S are the most dangerous insects in the
world.
6 1don't buy fruit here. It isn't ____ enough.
7 You haven't got a cold. You've caught _ _ _•

R 8 I was carrying a heavy bag today and now my

_____ really hurts.

GRAMMAR
Complete the conversations. use the past simple
or present perfect form of the verbs.
Across 1 A: _____ you ever ____ (see) a shark?
1 keep money until you have enough to buy B: No, I haven't. But last year I ____ (swim)
something (4, 2)
with dolphins on holiday.
4 You might do this to something when you don't 2 A: How long ____ Ruth ____ (have)
want it any more. (4, 2, 4)
stomach ache?
s the place where you pay in a supermarket (8) B: It started yesterday. She _ (not eat)
8 something that is cheaper for a period of time
(7, 5)
9 You might do this when you buy something and
then decide you don't like it. (4, 2, 4)
anything since then.
3 A: we ____ (go) to a Japanese restaurant
last weekend.
0)
B: I never (try) Japanese food.
Down 4 A: J,;;,,es~,;-d Tom ~=-= (be) over 20 ©
0 2 the amount of money something costs (5)
3 a place where you put your money to keep it B:
minutes late this morning.
they ever (arrive) at school
(

safe (4, 7) on time? They're always late!

6 a piece of paper that a shop assistant gives you ft
when you buy something (7) ll;y 2 Choose the correct verbs.
7 the money you get back atthe 5 (6) ~ 1 A: Don't buy those t rainers now. I think they ' (I I
're going to have lots of special offers soon.

0 2 Match four words in t he box to each topic.

bitter chin cough cut deer

B: I know, but mine are really uncomfortable.
I 'II/ 'm going to buy these ones now.
2 A: Is Paul intereste<I In coming? Tell him we 'II I
Ru forehead fresh mosquitoes 're going to leave in ten minutes.
raw shoulder sour stomach ache B: I don't think he 'II/ 's going to want to watch
toe eagles wolves that film. But I'll ask.
3 A: Our teacher will/ is going to have a baby in
1 Describing rood and taste: - - - -" ____ , June. She told us today.
B: Really? That*s nice news. I 11/ / 'm going to
2 The body: _____~ .. - - ~ - - -· - - - send her a card.
3 Health: _____ __., ____ .__.. ______ • •----- 4 A: I 'II/ 'm going to take my new jacket back to
4 Animals: ____J - - ~ - - - •- - - - the shop today. It's too small.
B: I '/I / 'm going to come with you! I've got
nothing else to do today.

f REVIEW3
0 3 Write a sentence that means the same as the second sentence. Use the verb in brackets.
l He can't move his arm. Perhaps it's broken. {might}
2 It tastes disgusting. I'm sure it isn't fresh. (can't)
3 He's got a cough and a sore throat. Perhaps he hos o cold. (could)
4 My brother often goes to that care. I'm sure he knows your sisler. (must)
s It looks bigger than a mouse. Per/l ops it~ a rot. (might)

0 4
Q
Choose the correct words.
1 This summer I '// 90 / 'rn going to England with my friends.
2 Sorry, I/ hove I met you before?
3 I'm not sure at the moment, but I con f might be a bit late tomorrow.
4 I've known him for/ since a long time.

0 5
@
Correct the mistake in each sentence.
1 This change mustn't be correct. You've given rne more money than I gave you!
2 We are friends since I was six.
3 I think you like it when you see it.
4 You have heard about the concert?

6
0 •
Read the text and choose the correct word for each space. For each question, choose
A,B, CorO.

S
ometimes the lost thing you wont to think obovt when you're not feeling
well is food. You aren't hung,y and nothing tastes good. Bui your body
still needs energy, so it's importmt to eat. Soup is an excellent food at
1
this time. lt s simple to prtJ)dre and easy to eat. Plain yoghufl without any
added is also good. If you've got a cold, ' dishes,
such ,s cuny or •nything with chill~ will help. But avoid them if you're ©.
3 . ____ from stomach a<:he. A lways drink plenty of waler, and

stay away from juices if you have d ·• · - - - throat,

finally, think about the limes when you 5 • _ _ _ ill as •

young child. What food did your parents prepare for you
then? Some scientists 4dvise euting the same food.
The positive ~·---· from your childhood can
actually help you to get better.

1 A flavour B recipe C change D sour

2 A juicy B spicy C raw D frozen
3 A supporting B experiencing C complaining D suffering
4 A cut B broken c sore D hurt
5 A fell B went C had o caught
6 A records B memories C rules D minds
 ABOUT YOU
0 0 09 Watch the video and then answer
the questions.
Are you usually in a good mood?
What kind of things put you in a bad mood?

is feeling ' scared I gratefo/.

AdjectiJes: moods and feelings I'm at home by myself. Maybe
this wasn 1t the night to watch a
horror fitm!
1
0 Read the social media posts and choose the correct
adjectives.
22 minutes ago

0 2 Match the adjectives you didn't choose in Exercise 1 with

the definitions.
a feeling or showing thanks
Evie Turner
is feeling ' proud I orave.

b unhappy because something was not as good as you hoped

Incredible game, Brighton 9 !
Next week Chelsea!
c very surprised
d very tired
e ,.vorried and not able to relax
f showing no fear of dangerous situations

0
1 hour ago

c:lO 3 Complete t he sentences with the adjectives in the box. Lily Cates
64
G) Then listen to the conversations and check. is feeling • stressed I relaxed.
Sunday night is film night in
amazed brave confused disappointed our house. I'm on the sofa with
1iT
© embarrassed exhausted grateful hopeful
proud relaxed scared stressed

1 Tom's mum feels really ____ because he got to the

some snacks!

0 final of the tennis competition. Tom is _____ because he

didn't win.
1 hour ago
Ollie Parks
2 Vicky is feeling _____ because she had football training is feeling 4 confused I amazed.
all afternoon. However, she agrees to go to the shop for her OK. Docs anyone want to
dad and he is very ____. explain the ending of Sherlock to
3 Freddy is ___ that Sadie designed the rugby poster. me? I didn't understand it at all!
It looks so professional. But he's also . He doesn't
understand why Sadie is interested In rugby.
4 Anna is reeling _ ·-·- because she's got an exam
2 hours ago
tomorrow. Harry thinks she'll work better i f she's .
s Lucas feels ___ because he made some stupid__ _ Jack Forrest
mistakes in his exam. He's still ____ that he has passed. is feeling 6 exhausted !
6 Dan is ____ to tell his sister that he broke her phone. embarrassed.
His mum tells him to be and tell her now. I thought that Sydney was the

4 Complete the sentences. Then compare them with your

capital of Australia! Oops! Ji)
partner's.
1 I get embarrassed when .. . 2 hours ago
2 On Friday afternoons, I usually feel .. .
3 At the weekend, I sometimes feel .. . Crace Buxton
4 I get stressed when .. . is feeling £. disappointed I
s Ifeel a bit disappointed when ... hopeful.
6 I'm scared of ... I scored 92% in the practice
maths test! I'm feeling pretty

f
good about the real exam now.
UNIT 13
 Ask someone who goes to school from Monday to Friday fOf' the wOf'st day of their week
a nd many people will say Monday. On Mondays the fun of the weekend hos ju,t fini,hed
a nd the week ha• just begun. 1
However, two maths professors in the Their results could ch ange your life - or a.t least
USA have just completed research your week! According to the professors,
th at tells us more about the Sw1day is the happiest day of the week.
worst day of our week. Peter Monda}' is act ually the
Dodds and Christopher second happiest day of the week.
Danforth analysed 10 People haven't forgotten about their
m illion sentences on social weekends yet. And the worst day
nehvor king webs ites like of the week for most people is ...
r..
f acebook and vitter. Wednesday! 5• . _____ Asa result,
' Then, the th eir memory of the previous
professors came up with a ·weekend has gone, and t here arc two
system of score.~ for words, \ more days before the next one.
beLween 1 and 9. "]hey gave
The research found anothe£ !>urprising
posi tive words like 'hopeful' and
fact: people between 45 and 60 ate the
'relaxed ' high scores. Negative words,
happiest peoplP online. but thP most miserable
like 'stressed' and 'exhausted'. got low
group is ... teenagers!
scores. 3

Sunday evening is definitely the worst evening of my week. I always

put off starting my homework until then and I have to work until midnight.

It's different here. Our schools are closed on Friday and Saturday. So I
think my worst day is probably Tuesday.

I agree with this researc h. I always feel dreadful on Wednesday mornings.

©--
l What's your worst day of the week?And the best?
Read the article quickly a nd see if your answers agree
(0
~
3 Match t he highlighted words in the article
to t he meanings.
with the research.
l thought of (an idea or plan)
2 examined the details of something
2 Read the article again. Five sentences have been removed

• from the text. For each space choose the corre<t sentence .
There are three extra sentences which you do not need
to use. 4
s
carefully
3 not expected
decide to do something at a later time
terrible
A On that day, people think and write about the fun things
6 as said by someone
they did the day before - on Saturday.
B That's why it's most people's favourite day.
C Finally, they used these numbers to decide how happy TALKING POINTS
people were on each day. Would it be a good idea to have two
D All of these included the phrase 'I feel' or 'I'm feeling'. separate days off every week, instead of
E It was the result of four years' work. a weekend? Why?/ Why not?
F Most people have already ooen at school or work for
What's your w orst day of the w·eek?
two days.
Why?
G Everyone is back at school, or work, and the next
'tveekend is in five days' time.
H There is just one more day before the weekend.

MIXED FEELINGS 1
 GRAMMAR just, already and yet
0 S
,@ 1
Correct the mistake in each sentence.
We just see your advertisement.
2 I haven't already bought a new book.

0 1 Read the examples. Then complete the rules w ith

just, already and yet.
1 On Mondays the week has just begun.
3
4
5
Did I tell you about my holiday yet?
I already asked a friend of mine.
He just has moved to a new house.
2 People haven't forgotten about their weekends 6 I haven't been yet there.
yet.
3 Most people have already been at school or Kate is getting ready for a party. Look at the
work for two days. picture. Say what Kate hos already done and what
4 Have you finished your homework yet? she hasn't done yet. Use the words in t he box.
-.---,...- ,...__-;,,,--._,,,,:t!;~
We often use just, o/reody and )'Pt with the T~~
present perfect to talk about re-cent actions.
a ·- _ _ means that something ha ppened
before now or sooner than expected.
b
c
means a short time ago.
means that the speaker expected
:Sf
something to happen before now.

0 2 Choose the correct words.

l A: Have you told your parents jus1 / yel?
B: No. I wasn't feeling brave enough last night.
have a shower write the birthday card
2 A: I'm so proud of you. I've already/ yettold
wrap the present iron her clothes
everyone at my work.
t idy her room wash her hair
B: Dad! I'm getting embarrassed!
3 A: You look relaxed.
B: Yes. I've ye!/ just been for a swim.
4 A; I'm confused about question 6.
B: Hold on! I haven't finished question 5 VOCABULARY Adjecti~esr -ed or -ing
yet/ already.

0 3 Look at the examples in Exercise 1 again and

complete the rules.
0 1 Look at the picture and the examples. Complete
(D the rules with -ed or -ing.

© We use 1 _ and 2 • _ _ _ in positive

_ _
sentences. They come after hove and before the

0 past participle.
We use·l ____ in negative sentences and
questions. It comes at the e nd of the sentence.

)) GRAMMAR REFERENCE AND PRACTICE PAGE 150

0
4 Make sentences using the present perfect and
just, already and yet.
l We/ hear/ some amazing news. (just)
2 I/ put off / my dentist's appointment once.
I can't do it again. (already)
3 Ella isn't stressed! It 's eleven o'clock and
she/ not/ get up (yet)
4 Do I have to come? I / si t down and I'm
absolutely exhausted. (just)
s you / try / Jack's cake? (yet)
6 My phone was fully charged this morning and
it / run out / of battery. (already)
a Adjectives with describe how a person feels
about something.
b Adjectives with __ describe the things, person,
or situation that causes the person's feeling.
Complete the adjectives with -ed or -ing.
1 I'm tidying my room and I'm bor
2 Are you feeling relax after your holiday?
3 I want to go to bed. I've had a really tir__ day.
4 I think my brother's failed his driving test. He
looks really d isappoint__ .
5 That's really annoy__. I've just bought that
game and now it's 50% off.
6 When my mum sings, it's really embarrass__.

3 » Turn to page 123.

f UNIT13
 An article (2)
1 You see this notice on an English-language
website. What's your favourite day of the week?
Everyone hos a favou rite day of the week.
What cloy of 11,e week do you like the best?
'Nhat do you do o n this day that makes it your
fovourilO day of 11,o wed<? How do you fool?
Tell us what you think!
Write on orlkle answering these questions ond
we will publi,h the mo,t interes6ng on our ,ite.
2 Read the article. Write notes of the answers to
the questions in the notice in Exercise 1.
h,;rla! &attM<i'a1 ~ No; it's·...
Are you one of those people who looks forward to
weekends? I am. And I absolutely IO\'O Sundays.
A typical Sunday startS around nine-thirty in my
house. When I wake up, I feet excited and lull of
ene<gy. I'm really into making stuff at the moment.
I look onllne for Ideas for projects.
My dad and I have just joined a climbing centre,
so we go the<e on Sunday afternoons. I think it's
© 0
a challenging sport, but It's also really exciting.
Then, in the early evening, my aunt, uncie and
cousins come round f0< a meal. After they leave.
we watch a film together as a family. In my VtSW,
0 it's a perfectly relaxing end to my favourite day.
0 3 Read the Prepare to write box. Find the phrases
used in the article.
[l! PREPARE TO WRITE
An artide (2)
Ask questions to get the reader's attention:
Doyou ... ?
Have-you eve, ... ?
Are you one of those people who •. .?
Can you imagine ...?
Make your article interesting:
I absolutely love Sundays.
Whon I wake up, t feel excited and full of
energy.
It's a perfectly relaxing end to my favourite day.
Give your own opinion:
I think.. . For me, . .. I would say that ...
Read these notices (1-3) and match them to the
begin nings of students' articles (A-C).
We all get bored sometimes. It's part of life.
What kinds of things do you find boring?
Do you ever get bored in your spare time? Do
you think beil"-g bored can ever b e 900-d for you?
2
An amazing person
We all know someone amazing. Perhaps it's an
incredible musician, a talented sportspcrson,
o• even a member o f your family. Who do you think
is amazing? Why do you think this? Have you ever
to c this person ......tiat you think about him or her?
3
Yourweek
Acco,ding to experts, tconage,s
nowadays are busier than eve<. Do you
find your sc:hool week tiring? Which day is the
worst? What do you do to relax out of school?
a Ate, !,IW o~.. of d-ost- p ~ who .)I.mi, cv.t of bed,
in Ole fl'lor~, fv.LL of wer~ t t o.m d.ef--,itt-4! 'riot..
Q Car. you irr.a~spt.rdinS 0:- hours in a ca-- MhD:d
'°' •
anyone 1c -:alt. 'rP. I dia 1rus c,.-cry da1 wale !a!:1
£umme.r.
q Do you cvertho•k about all the I/lings your pore•ts/7\
do for you? tt's easy to forget someUmes. V
Which article 1- 3 in Exercise 4 could each of these
sentences be from? Match two possible sentences
to each article.
a I'm incredibly grateful to her for all her help and
she knows that.
b By the weekend, I am absolutely exhausted.
c As soon as that show starts, I switch off the TV.
d I would say that Thursdays are my toughest
days.
e I don't think people should have to go to
museums until they're an adult.
f for me, this person is my mum.
6 Write an article. Use one of the notices in
• Exercise l or 4.
o: Organise tour article into parngraphs (see
Prepare to write page 67).
Use phrases from the Prepare to write box.
Write about 100 words.
Remember to check your spelling and grammar.
MIXED FEELINGS ~
 ABOUT YOU
What films have you seen recently?
What are your favourite TV shows?
II
THE HOUSE
Watch the housemates 2417
on Channel45.tv

1 Match the photos to thC! TV and film genres in the box.

~ adion thriller animation chat show comedy

crime drama documentary horror film period drama
reality show science fiction soap opera the news S In pairs 1 think of one example for
each of the genres from Exercise 1.
A - action thriller
Listen and check your answers to Exercise 1.
The ToySro,yfilms are animations_

Are the genres in Exercise la TV show, a film, or both? Yes, and so are t he Despicable Me films.
Complete the definitions with genres from Exercise 1. Then,
in pairs, write one~line definitions of the other seven genres. 6 Complete the sentences with the
genres that you like and dislike.
1 A is a film or n , show that gives information about
Compare your opinions in groups.
a subject.
2 A _ is a TV drama series about people's daily lives. 1 I'm a big fan of ...
3 A show or film about the future is called ___ _ 2 I can't stand ...
4 A ___ __ is a show or film with a story that takes place in 3 llove .. .
the past. 4 I'm not a big fan of .. .
s A _______ isa TV show where someone interviews guests on s I'm really into .• .
various topics. 6 I'm not into ...

f UNIT 14
1 Discuss how you think people can get their first role in a film.

2 Read the text quickly. Did you think of the three ways that Kameron suggests?

My best friend and I have just appeared in a film! It sounds unbelievable, but the truth is: tt
was easy. We were 'extras·, and anyone can be an extra. Extras act in films or TV shows, but
they aren't the main actors. They might be people who are chatting in a restaurant. walking
down a street or playing sports. Sometimes. with smaller tilms. people are happy to work
for free as extras. Although you don't get paid, you get to hong out with cool people, learn
about film making and support a local director. Also, film companies provide great lunches!

I found a national website which producers 1

r-
FINALLY, A FEW WORDS
and d irectors 100k through to find extras. It was free to join. I just had to send OF WARNING!
a phOto and fill in a questionnaife about my skills and abilities, for example
sports I'm good at, musical instn.imen1s I can play, and whether I have a Be prepared for tong waits: you'll
motorcycle licence. A director is the person who is in charge of filming. A spend more time do<ng nothing
producer is responsible for the team that makes the film. Producers are th<IO appearing In a = •·
interested in anyone, from babies to grandparents. Hopefully, t ou'Uget
something cool like a :,part,in a reality show or a period drama!
• Forget advertisements that say
they 'll make you famous. They
probably won't!
fj•]df·)311•JUijj{•l.P·il~l!Ml:f•f·id•► Film boards help local companies
with things like money and the contacts they need to make a film. They'll also
send you information about di(ectors who are filming in your area. • Remember. this isn't your 'big
chance' to become a star. 17\.
Extras are there to do a job, ~
;IM3f•SllkJd3!•\.-f.1ff.♦ Orama schools are often the first place where
because they hope to 'show
what they can do·.
producers look.

3 Complete the sentences with the correct form of the highlighted words from the text.
1 The t eacher gave her a ____ about being late.
2 Do you want to ~ __ in a video that I'm making?
3 The football team is going to a new coach.
4 I'd like to talk to the person w ho's here.
s My brother played lhe ____ or a rock singer in a short film.
6 It's hard preparing for exams, but my teachers _ _ _ me in various ways.

4 Read the text again and answer the questions.

1 How did Kameron appear in a film? TALKING POINTS
2 What do extras do? Would you l ike to be an extra or ev en
3 Why do volunteers like helping smaller film productions? an actor? Why?/ Why not?
4 What's the difference between a producer and a directo r? What films or shows would you like to
s How can film boards help people who want to start act ing? appear in?
6 Why should you take acting classes?
7 Why m ight it be boring to be an extra?

ON SCREEN
 GRAMMAR Relative clauses (0 4 Connect the sentences with relative pronouns.
o Mary Shelley was a British author. She wrote

0 1 Read the examples. Then complete the rules with

thi? w ords i n the box.

1 They'll send you information about directors

Fronkensrein in 1818.
Mary Shetley was o BriUsh author 1•1ho wrote
Frankenstein m 1818.
1 Stranger Things is a brilliant series. I started
who are filming in your area. watching it last week.
2 I found a national website which producers and 2 The Fantastic Beasts series was filmed in
directors look through. New York. It stars Eddie Redmayne and
3 A producer is responsible for the team that Katherine Waterston.
makes a film. 3 There's a new bookshop in the mall. You can buy
4 l ocal drama schools are often the first place English•language DVDs there.
where producers look. 4 Jennifer Lawrence is a Hollywood star. She has
5 Forget advertisements t hat say they'll make you appeared in lots of great films.
famous. s Steven Spielberg is an incredible di rector. He has
won three Oscars.
that where w hich who I 6 Cortlandt Alley is a tiny street in New York. They
have filmed dozens of film scenes there.

We use relative clauses to explain who, what or

Talking about films
where we are talking about. We use:
VOCABULARY
o
a !11ot and to talk aboutthings. and shows
b and _____ to talk about people.
c _ _ _ talk about places. 1 Match the sentence halves.
~ 1 A character is s A series is
)) GRAMMAR REFERENCE AND PRACTICE PAGE 151 2 A clip is 6 A s.oundtrack is
3 A plot is 7 A trailer is
4 A review is
2 Read the text and choose the correct words.
a a small part taken from a longer film or show.
b a report with an opinion of a film or show.
c the story in a film or show.
:,-,,_,.._.,.,.,, h,~,v•fldh--. is a classic science fiction story. d a short video advertising a new film or show.
"'-"""""-"""4:,Mvl.MJ There are a lot of film versions,
Frankenstein wa..~ originalty a novel 1 tf1.1tI who was published
818. Many people think Frankenstein is a monster, but in !act
e a part which an actor plays,
f the music used in a film or show,
g individual programmes that use the same
0
)
main character is a crazy scientist ' which I wtw is called characters in different situations.
Or Frankenstein. He's got a laborator)' ' where I ,l'lr<! he is ~ying
~tea beautiful, new kind of creature. Eventually, he makes a 2 Complete the sentences with words from Exerci5FA
~ ster '11181 I where is huge - and ugly. Frankenstein's monster A 1 Homer is my favourite _____ in The Simpso~
has got yellow and green skin, and a face ' where I which is very
frightening.
u 2 There's a new comedy _____ on tonight that
I haven't watched, but there are _ ---· of the
Boris Karloff played the P0rt of the monster in a 1931 filmversion ot funniest scenes online.
the book. Karloff"s monster had a big, square head with a white face 3 Nothing happens in this film. The ___ is
and a metal bolt • where I that went through its neck. This 1931 film really boring.
created tile image of Frankenstein~ monster ' that I who most modern 4 Have you read any r of the new Marvel
audiences are familiar with, film? - No, but I've watched a for it. It
looks amazing.
5 The _____ has some great songs on it.

0 3 Complete the sentences with who, whlch or where.

G ·Then tick (✓) the ones where that is also correct.
o This is a film about a weak boy.-'vl?_o__ turns
3 Discuss the questions.

1 Who's your favourite film or TV show character?

2 Do you read reviews before you choose a film to
into a strong man, ✓ watch? Where?
1 The Font Cate is a quiet place ____ you can
study. 4 )) Work with a partner. Turn to page 123.
2 Have you ever met anyone ____ can speak
five languages?
3 My mum has a new car I love.
4 I met a girl at the youth club knows you.
S Are there any places around here I can
charge my phone?

f UNIT 14
 Reaching agreement

Look at the list of film and TV genres. Listen to six 1 You are going to watch a film with friends. Look at
conversations and write the conversation number the menu. Which one would you like to watch? Why?
next to the genre. (There is one genre that you
don't need.}
a comedy e .. _ reality show
b __ documentary f the news
C L horror film g science fiction
d __ period drama

2 Read the questions and possible answers in the

10 ~3
~ - . exam task in Exercise 3. Underline the key words.
listen to the six conversations again. For each
question, choose the correct answer.
1 You will hear two friends talking about a film.
What do they say about it?
A The reviews of it are rather negative. A film for all sci -fi fans. The best animation of the
8 They are too young to see it. Captain Adams and crew year! Funny and clever,
C Someone they know found it hard to follow. travel to a new planet. with great soundtrack too.
2 You will hear two friends talking about reality What wilt they find? Recommended.
shows.
What annoys t he girl about reality TV stars?
A They get paid too much.
B They behave badly in public.
C They are boring to listen to. .-- - :i,."t;;·,
3 You will hear two friends talking about taking I~orry's Vnca.tion<E)
part in a short film.
The boy is unlikely to appear in the film because Don't watch this horror Jerry is planning a holiday
A he didn't see the information about it. film alone. Very ex.citing with a friend. But things
B he doesn't want to go to the meeting about it. special effects, and ve1y don't go to plan, with fun ny
C the producer won't pay people who appear in it. scary! results. A laugh a minu .

© 4 You will hear two friends talking about a sci-fi

film they've seen.
They agree that
"
/~ You will hear two friends talking about which fi~
0 A the creature was scary.
B the film was too long. /0
'W to watch. Which one do they choose? ~

C the soundtrack was excellent. ~

c:t& J Read the Prepare to speak box. Then listen again.

s You will hear two friends talking about the news.

" Which phrases do you hear?

They agree that

A there's too much politics in the news.
B they should stop watching the news. Reaching agreement
C their attitudes to the news have changed.
Giving reasons Reaching agreement
6 You will hear two friends talking about going to because . let's decide.
the cinema. It's too ... Yes, that's a good choice.
What does the boy suggest? It looksjsounds . I think we're both happy
A asking someone to get their tickets with that.
B reading about the film before they set off
C seeing the last showing of the day

Follow the instructions to reach agreement about

watching a film or show.
1 Look at the films and shows on page 80. In pail'$,
make a list of three that you would like to watch.
2 Discuss the films/shows, and reach agreement
on which one to watch. Use phrases from the
Prepare to speak box.

ONSCREEN 81
1 Ask and answer the questions with a partner.

1 What's your favourite film?

2 What are some famous films from your country?
3 Who is the most famous film director from your
o
'? 3
4
Listen and check your answers.
Read the World film facts on page 85. Complete
the sentences with the names of the countries.
1 ____ makes the most films every year.
country?
2 _ _ _ has got the most cinema screens.
2 Do the film quiz. 3 _ _ _ celebrates the BAFTA awards.
4 ____ makes the most money in tickets.
s __ made Godzilla films popular.
Answer the questions about the text.
1 Which of the countries has the fewest screens?
2 Why do Hollywood studios make films in
Canada?
3 What were Chinese films usually about in the
past?
4 When did Japanese samurai films become
popular?
s Why are Bollywood films called mosa/a films?
6 What type of film is Sense ond Sensibility/

Match the highlighted words in the t ext to the

meanings.
1 great, amazing
2 something that becomes popular
3 famous
4
s
formal celebrations
extremely large
0
6 plant products used to give food a special taste

Listen to Jack's presentation of the Japanese film

The Hidden Fortress. Which characters in the box
does Jack tal k about?

doctors farmers general king

monsters princess queen samurai

c:13 8 Listen again. Are the sentences true or false?

lo
~
71
Correct the false sentences.
1
2
3
The Hidden Fortress was filmed in 1954.
All of the locations in the film are in Japan.
The story takes place about 200 years ago.
4 General Rokurota protects Princess Yuki.
s The two farmers are quite serious characters.
6 At first, the film wasn't very popular in Japan.
 1 The USA
40,000
Cinema screens
11ppt0:Xiffllll ~ly

$10 billion
lidl:et salesi vcai The USA Japan
The biggest films studios in the In the 1950s, Japan became famous for
USA are in Hollywood. California. action-adventure films about martial arts, like Seven
2China However, rnany studios make Samurai or The Hidden Fortress. In 1954, there was
also a very popular film about a g,ant monster, called
41,000
C11'18ma stnlens
their films in other states,
like New York and Louisiana_ Godzilla. Audiences loved the film and it started a new
&P9Mllimllltly
Canadian locatjons. like trond. In more recent years. animated films, called <mime.
Vancouver and Toronto, are also have become popular. as weU as scary horror films a.boot
$6.6 billion popular because it's cheaper to ghosts and other monsters.
lickm sales/ yeaf
work there. The most renowned
Big hjts: Pr,ncess Mononoke. The Ring
film awar'ds in the USA are the
3 Japan Golden Globes and the Oscars.
Both ce<emonies take place in India
3,500
Cinema sueers
Los Angeles, Calrfomia. India makes more films than any other country per year.
Many are Bollywood films, which combine love. drama.
1.pp,oxi""""Y Big hits: Black Par,ther, comedy and action with fndian music and dancing.
$2.0 billion J1 ,f1l$~1r. Wm.'d Indians call them masa/a films because they have so
many Ingredients, like the masala spices that Indians use
I 1cket sa1es / ve.:1r
China for cooking. Bollywood actors usually speak and sing in

Ll India Chinese audiences watch

many films from the USA. but
...........................................................
Hindi. but they often use English phrases too.
Bi g hits: SUitan, Ctienna: Express
they have a dynamic national ••••••I • • • ••••• • •••••••••••• • •••••••
10,000 indusuy too. In the past, Chinese
• • • ♦ • • • •••• ••• • • • • • • ♦ • •

Cinema screens
films we,e often about se(ious,
The UK
11ppro11.imiitelv Britain has made some of the wortd's most popular films,
historical topics, but now studios
$1.9 billion also make horror films, thrillers,
like the James Bond and Harry Potter series. They also
Ticket ~a!es / •,-e:a.r make lots of historical films about famous novels. lil :Dke
comedies and romances. with
Sense and Sensibility or Jane Eyre. It you like detec e)
Chinese stars, of course1 One
and crime stories, the Sherlock Holmes films are al
5The UK of the most fwnoos actresses is
Yang Mi. She's also a pop sir,ger
terrific. The biggest prizes for Sribsh cinema are the

4,200 and fashion model. ~~:.':~-~~'.~~~: ~~:?~.'.~~?.~~<:?.?~~-r:~.i_~ ~~~- ••

Cinema seteells Big hits: Casino Royale, Fartta~tic Beasts :md WhP.rp,
Big hits: Monsre, Html
341p1oxim&te.ty roRndTiie.m
The Great Wa.'I
$1.7 billion
Tckel sales /yoa,

\ PROJECT
0 9 Read the Useful language phrases.
Complete them w ith information about
The Hidden Fortress.
Plan a presentation about a famous fil m that
you like. Go online and find information about it .

1111'USEFUL LANGUAGE
Talking about films
If possiblc 1 find photos and music from the film.

1 Where is it from?What type of film is i t?

2 Who directed the film? Where was it filmed?
1 It's a mm r,om ... 3 Where and when does the story take place?
2 The director's name is ... 4 Who are the mai n characters in the film?
3 It was filmed in ... 5 Has the film won any important awards?
4 The story takes plar.o . 6 What do you like the most about the film?
S T he main characters are ...
Present your film to the class.
6 The film won (the award for} ...
 ABOUT YOU
What do you u~ your phone o r computer for?
Make a list of things.

VOCABULARY Computer phrues

0 ~1 Match the beginnings and ends of the quiz

CD questions. Then listen and check.
(o
~
n

..J))
"
2 l isten to Jack's answers to the quiz. Alex
ask s follow-up questions to get more details.
Complete the questions.
1 What did ..1'.Q!!.dO _?
2 Howdidyou _____ ?
3 Howdoyou _ _?
4 What kind of things
5 What did _ ?
? 3 Oo you have a

6 Which apps do you use ___ _? 4 Do you often share

7 Howmanydoyou ____? 6 Have you ever done
8 Which ones do you ______ the most?
6 Do you upload
Complete the sentences about Jack with 7 How many new apps have you
words from Exercise 1. Then listen again and
8
0
Do you ever download
check.
1 Jack sf_eJfatfd__ a school project, but his dad
helped him to get it back. 8 photos or videos to the internet to
0 2 He got a _ _ __ when he installed a
game.
share with friends? ©
3 He uses a different _____ for each b different password for each website
website. you use?
4 He often to funny videos or photos. C important file by mistake?
s He has _ for his name and found it
i n some football reports. d podcasts?
6 He _ _ _ a lot of _ _ _ and mainly Q a search for your own name online?
uses l nstagram.
7 He has ____ about te n _____ this f a virus on your computer?
week and has over200 altogether.
8 He sometimes and his favourites
g installed on your phone this week?
are the ones about science. h links to interesting websites with friends?

4 In pairs, take turns to answer the quiz

questions in Exercise 1. If you can, use the
follow-up questions in Exercise 2 to find
out more information.

5 Tell the class something interesting you

found out about your partner.

Sara got a virus on her dad's computer

and they had to buy a new one.

f UNIT 15

1 Emre wants an app to help him with
learning English. Read about Emre and
notice the key underlined information a -c.
1 Emrc often " finds languagc apps easy
and wants some difficult practice. He
• would like to improve his listeoingsJ\illi
and he<intends to use the app on bis
short busiourney to and rrom schooL
0 2 Read the descriptions of the first three
apps (A-C). Find two apps that do these
things:
1 mention difficult practice 8, C
2 practise listening skills
0 4
•
3 are suitable ror use on short journeys
Which app is best for Emre?
rlouns, verbs, everythi11g. lliere are eight
games, wh·ch are very enjoyable, but the best
part is chat you car aso play on ine asarn: othe' users.
At less than the pnce of a coffee, :he app ,s great value
for money. Garnes last JUSt a fe-,,,, in1nutes, so it's perfect
for a bus ride. Tum d0wn the annoying music, !hough!
m Allhough EnglishScene is expensive, i he app
is oflen given av'l'esome revi~-s by i~s users.
As socn as you use it, you can u1deistand
why. Everytring about this app is prcfessional,
from !he h,sh-quality and ioterestng video s:ones,
with challenging activities to suppon students in
understandirg them, to the simple. but attractive design.
Cl
Newscast is a p,ofessional-lookirig aop lhal
helps you understand ;he news in English.
You listen to and read sto·ies. co some ,:ypi<:<1
exercises about rew words, even a little g,arnmar, end
then answer the questicns. Eac"l activ ty takes between
live and ten minutes and Is surprisingly hero.
==-,. Practise the 3000 most frequent words in
Engl,sh with PassWords3000. This app is for
.__.. low-level students WOl1<1ng t;y themselves and
iricll.YJes a vray con11non range of activity types. It's rree,
so sometimes ycu h!lve to watch v deo advertisements
to continue us ng it. New questions cfe added
every mon:h.
Read about four more teenagers who want apps to help
t hem with learning English. Underl ine three key pieces of
information about each person.
2 Anna enjoys all subjects but sho needs more help with
English vocabulary and grammar. She is bored of doing
traditional exercise s and is looking for an app with
activities that are quick to complete.
3 Luis would like to get better at understanding movies and
lV shows in English. He expects apps to look good and is
prepared to spend money on the right one.
4 Evie's interested in developing and revising her
vocabulary. She likes fun activities a nd she really e njoys
competing against frie nds.
5 Filipe is an advanced level student and he would like a n
app to help him revise grammar. He doesn't want to pay
for an app.
Read the descriptions of the apps (A- H). Decide which
app would be the most suitable for each teenager in
Exercise 3. There are three a pps you don1t need.
Language Lab costs r oth1ng, but w I I be of
Cl lin,ited nter~s': tcanycx·e <:::xcepl high~level
language learners. The grommet reference for
each topic is fu I of important details but the practice
that follov,s Is fairly typical. The app also a 10\vs vou to
comonre your prcgress with frier,cs oo social net...vcrks.
II
Tne desIgr, of VidEnglish isn't always clear
a'1d it seems to be mainly links lo very h.Sh
level video c lips from documenta11es. Tile
clios aren't downloaded vh'th the app, so ·rs best to
use when you have free wi-fi. There Is a basic diction?'!'\
and tne app is completely free, with no adV€rtiseme~
m Tne first thing ycu not ce with GrammarWise
is its professional-lOoking design. Everything
aoouLU11s app is easy IO use. me,e dre run,
anirna,ed grammar presentations and a huge choice of
practice activities, wit/1 r:Nes SO d ifferent grammar topics
per le-,el. You can try one topic fOf' free bu: it costs 10
get access to the v,f\ole app.
m Thcmei is a fresh and urr..rsual aop. It uses
sames to teach gremma' and vocabutao;
thrcugJ1 topics like sc,eoce and h,stc,y The
app is pem:ct for when yo1, only ha·,e a ~ minAes to
practise, b.Jt atttw! rn~m:::11t ycu c&:)cnlypc1ybyyou1self.
• TALKING POINTS
What apps do you use to help you with studying?
Do you mind paying for apps?
DIGITAL LIFE ""ii\
 GRAMMAR Present simple passive ,o 4 Correct the mistake in each sentence.
@ 1 My best friend called Luis.

0 1 Read the examples. Then complete the rules with

the words in the box.
2
3
4
5
This computer it's used by everyone in my family.
More computers need in our school.
My favourite game calls FIFA and costs about £50.
This phone is recommend for older people.
1 The app is often given awesome reviews by its
users. 6 The virus was deleted some important files.
2 New questions are added every month.
3 The clips aren't downloaded with the app.
4 What is the app called? VOCABULARY Phrasal verh,: technol.ogy
by past participle I
a We use lhe passive when the person or
thing that causes the action is unknown or
unimportant.
b We fom, t he present simple passive with the
correct form of and the of
the verb.
c When we include who or what did the action,
·we use

)) G.RAMMAII REFERENCE AND PRACTICE PAGE t!i2

0 2 Complete the text about lnstagram. Use the

present simple passive form of the verbs.

lnstagram is an online photo

and video sharing app and
(own) by Facebook.
The app is extremely popular and z (use}
by over 500 million people daily.
over 95 million photos and videos ' ____ _
(share) every day and a word or phrase 11 look plug shut switch
(add) to the photo, called a 'tag'. Thousands of switch take turn turn ©
products ' ______ (advertise) by companies on
the app too. User,; click a heart icon next to the 1 down s turn off / off
2 in 6 out
photos they like the most. Around 50,000 'likes'
3 turn on / ___ on 1 down
• . _ _ _ (give} to photos and videos every 4 ____ up 8 ___ up
second on tnstagram!
2 Complete the sentences with the correct form of
ft the phrasal verbs in Exercise 1.
0 3 )) Complete the questions with the present
simple passive form o f the verb. Then answer the
questions with your own ideas. Turn to page 124
~o Please tumoff]!witch off your mobile phones.
The mm is starting soon.
l This TV isn't wor1<ing. Can you check it is
to check. _ ___?
1 Which type of program ____ (download) from 2 This app makes it easy to ____ the train times.
the internet the most often? 3 _ £hat music! ltts too loud!
2 Which password _____ (use) by people most 4 Is there a problem? Try _ the computer.
often online? Wait ten seconds, then • the computer
3 Which celebrities ___ (search) for online the again.
most often? s Don't forget to _ _ _ your SIM card before you
4 How much • (spend) on buying apps sell your phone.
every year? 6 Can you ____ the sound on the TV? I can't
s Which countries most smartphones hear what they're saying.
___ (make) in?
3 )) Work with a partner. Turn to page 124.

f UNIT 15
 An informal email (3)

1 Read this email that Paul receives from his friend Abbie.

0 Why is Abbie looking for new apps and podcasts?

Hi Paul,
I'm going on a road trip with my
Great - - - - - family next week. We're visiting
relatives in Scotland for a few days.
It's going to be a long journey!
I need some new games for my
Recommend ... - - phone. What's your favoorite at the
moment?
Exp/air, - - - - - Why do you like it?
Tell Abble ... - - - Also, have you heard any good
podcasts recently?
Thanks!
Abbie PREPARE TO WRITE
An informal email (3)
In an informal email:

0 2 Read Paul's reply. Does he answer all of Abbie's questions? • use phrases to give your opinion:
I /reo/ly) think .. .
I don't lhink ...
For me, ...
Hey Abbie.
In my opinion, ...
Your road trip sounds tun! Yes, it's long, but if you I would say ...
have a few good games and podcasts, I think use phrases to make suggestions
you'll be fine. and recommendations:
My favourite game on my phone at the moment
~
You should ... I recommend .. .
remember to answer any questions \._V
n)
is Rollercoaster Tycoon. You should try it. You
remember to use an informal phrase to
have to design your own theme park, build
begin and end the email.
rollercoasters and encourage as many visitors as
possible. I love this game because I can play for ©
hours and never get bored. I would say it's perlect
for long journeys. 5 Complete the sentences with your
For podcasts, I'd recommend Reply All. It's a opinions about game apps and podcasts.
Compare your opinions with a partner. Do
show about anything on the internet, and in my
you agree with your partner's opinions?
opinion, the stories are really original. Everyone In
your family will enjoy it. l In my opinion, . , .
2 I really think .. .
Have a great time'
3 I would say .. .
Paul
What informal phrases does Paul use to
begin and end his email?

0 3 Which game and which podcast does Paul mention? What

phrases does he use to recommend them to Abbie?
7 Read Abbie's email again and plan your
reply. Use all Paul's notes in Exerci se 1.

0 4 Read the Prepare to write box. Find three phrases that

Paul uses to give his opinion.
Write your email to Abbie.
Use the phrases and tips in the Prepare
to write box.
Write about 100 words.
Remember to check your spelling and
grammar.

DIGITAL LIFE ~
 8

EXPERIMENTS YOU CAN TRY AT Ha'ME

YOU Will .iHOi

v two glasses , ~
.- salt
e ,n .,, an egg
v a towel
.,, a balloon
ti' a tissue
v food colouring I ii C-J
1--=- -
.,, a glass botUe
ti' a sm all piece o f thin, w ith a 25-30 mm lid
t/ an empty d rinks can
hard plastic or cardboaro t/ some hot w ater

blow r ub t ie cover fill stir boil p our shake w rap

a air into the balloon and
b the end.
c_ _ the filled balloon on your
h air or on a tissue.
Put the can on the fto0< and hold
the balloon near it.
Pull the balloon away from the
can slowly, and the can will move
towards the balloont
The can moves towards the
balloon because when you rub
the b alloon, it gets a negative
• electricity I electrical charge.
en you put the balloon near
e can, the ' electrlcity I metal
in the can gets a small positive
r90. The result is that the static
!ectricity I air in the ballo on
attracts the can.
d the glasses with water.
Pu t two large spoons of salt into the
first glass and e __ _ _ it.
Add a few drops of food colouring
into the o ther glass.
I __ · - the glass of colouf8d water
with the cardboarwplastic. Tum it
upside down and put it on top of the
glass of salt wate,: Pull the cac'dboard/
plastic out fmm between 1he glasses.
The coloured water and the salty
water w on't mix!
salty water stay apart b ecause
salt w ater is heavier than
4 normal I warm w ater. The
6heaviet ! llghter salt water stays
at the bottom of the glass and
the II heavier/ lighter coloured
w ater floats at the top .
g . .. _ the egg for 4 minutes,
until the white of the egg is hard
but the yolk is soft. Let it cool. Then
peel tt.
h tho hot water into the
bottle. Put on the lid, I It
in a towel and j _ _ ___ it well.
Take off the lid and pour out
the water.
Pu1 the egg in the opening of lhe
warm bottle.
Alter a few minute,; the egg
is pulled into the bottle.
HOW IT WORKS '
The egg is pulled into the bottle (1\
because the hot w ater in the bott~
makes the bottle 7 smaller I W8fm .
and the air in the bottle gets wa~
too. Hot air e, pands: it gets bi9Wl/
and takes up more space than
11 cold I hot air. Cold air contracts,

in other words it gets smaller and

takes up less sp ace than wa rm
• ABOUTYOU air. So as the air in the bottle goes
Are you more into science or arts? Why? back to room temperature, it gets
9 smaJler I wanner, and so it pulls
Wh at scientific experim ents h ave you don e at sch o ol?
the egg into the botUe.

VOCABULARY Doing experiments

0 ~1 Look at the instructions for t hree experiments and complete a-j in t he sentences with the word s in each box.

(e
0 1 23
~
Choose the correct words to complete the How
1n p airs, discuss the questions. Use one or more verbs from Exercise 1 in your answers.
0 Ho w do you m ake a can dle go ou t? You blow it.
1 How do you make coff~?
2 What do you do when you add sugar to coffee?
3 How can you keep flies off your food?
4 How can you say no without speaki ng?
it wor ks expl anation for each experiment. Th en listen and check.
S How can you keep your h an d s w arm in cold weather?
6 What do people with long hair often need to do?
7 What can you do if your glass is empty?
8 What do you do w ith a present before giving it to
someone?

f UNIT 16
 1 Discuss the questions.
1 What is the Nobel Prize?
2 Oo you know the names of anyone who has won a Nobel Prize?

2 Look at the title of the article and the photos. What do you think
people have done to win t he lg Nobel Prize? Read the text quickly
and check.

Science lries lo answer the biggest ques~ons of our ttme: 'ti we .,.p1o,e nearby galaxies, wjtf we find
o~er - ~ of life?' or 'What will happen to lhe planet if wa don't stop climate ch""lJO?' The greate,t
scien~fic ach'.""e';'eni. are aworded a Nobel Prize: Alexander Fleming fpenicilin), Marie C..-ie (radioadivily)
and A_lbert E1mte1n (f=mc-2) ore oM Nobel Prize•winners. Science is serious, but scientists ore only human and
sometimes they want answers to questions like: 1Why do shower curtoins blow towards you when you have a .....
ohower?' And '° lhe lg Nobel Prize wos born, wjlh lhe aim of making people smile first, and then think about science.

If o cow hci o noMe, It p.rod1,1c&t ~
milkl Formers hO\le olwoys known this, but
now there's p100\. Cows w#hout names
produce obout 13,000 litres o yeor, bul
cows with names produce 13,500 litres.
This is probobty becouse the <:ows with
names feel more loved by form ers.
Wl>en YOII a .li,.,.f locst, ~ fulk
to the gfO<Jlld wjth the bunatod >icle
M<>squiio.s t- !he ,_u cf feet. They'll bile
yovr feet if you lake off your shoes! Sul limbe<get
cheese smells like feet a nd is even more attractive
lo mosquitoes, $0 rhey bite you le$.$ when there's
l imbefger nearby. This is o good example of how o
siUy di$Covery oon be importont, 'Cheesy' mosquito
ops now help in the fight against molorio, o ~ ;,:
~
disease that is corried by mosquitoes. M.olona :>.:
kills 500,000 people pe< yem. ~ -l ,, ,. ~

down 80% of the lime, <>:cording lo
:=:.- -~, experiments. This is
becouse ii u,volly foll,
from table height and
only hos time to turn
over once before it
reoche$ the Roor.
Only one person ho, won both on lg Nobel ond
o Nobel Prize: Andre Geim mode the headlines
in 1997 for his 'flying frog' experiment,. in which
he mode a frog lloo( in the air! Then in 20 IO he discovered
grophene. a form of carbon thot is one otom thick. Grophene is
the thinnest a nd s1rongest substance known to man. There ore no
prizes for 9ue&$in9 which e)(perimenl won on tg Nebel!

Answer the questions.

1 What's the difference between a Nobel Prize and an lg Nobel Prize?
2 Why do cows without names produce less milk?
3 Why does toast fall with the buttered side down?
4 Why arc some m osquitoes dangerous?
5 Which o f Andre Geim's experiments do you think won a Nobel Prize? Why?

0 4 Match the highlighted words in the article to the meanings.

1 stay in the air without support
2 the reason for doing something
TALKING POINTS
What'problem' would you like the 1g
3 something for catching animals Nobel Prize to solve?
4 i nformation to show that something is true What do you think are the biggest
s allow something to fall questions of our time? Why?
6 something difficult that you succeed in doing

AMAZING SCIENCE 91
 GRAMMAR Zero and first conditional Complete the sentences with if or unless.
1 ____ you fill the bottle, the experiment

0 1 Read the examples and complete the rules.

1 If a cow has a name, it produces more milk.
2 Mosquitoes bite you less when there's cheese nearby.
will work.
The experiment won't work
the bottle.
2 The computer won't turn on
you fill

you
enter the password.
Zero conditional _ _ _ you enter the password, the
a we use the zero conditional for things that are computer will turn on.
true / probable or always happen. 3 I won't cover the picnic ____ the rain
b We use the present simple in the first/ both clauses. gets worse.
c The// or When clause can come first or second. I'll cover the picnic _____ the rain gets
The meaning is different/ the same. worse.
4 I hate soap operas. I'll watch TV with you

0 2 Complete the zero conditional sentences.

1 Water ____ (boil) when you ____ (heat) it to
you turn to another channel.
you turn to another channel,
I won't watch TV w ith you.
1oo•c.
2 If you _ _ _ (not add) sugar to this coffee, it
(taste) very bitter.
(0 7 Correct the mistake i n each sentence.
(;) l You want to start a fire, blow the flame
3 If you (press) 'play', the music gently at first.
(start). 2 Dad won't cook a pizza for you unless you'll
4 When a player ____ (score) a goal, the fans text hi m later.
_ _ _ (go) crazy. 3 When it's OK with you, I'll come to your
s My journey to school _ _ _ (be) quicker if I place after school.
_ _ __ (take) the bus. 4 Unless we'll meet before 8 pm, we won't

0 3 Read the examples. Then choose the correct words

to complete the rules.
1 What will happen to the planet if we don't stop
5
have time to buy tickets.
Wrap yourself in a blanket you have a fever.

climate change?
2 Mosquitoes will bite your feet if you take off your
VOCABULARY Phrasal verbs: science
shoes.

First conditional
0 1 Match the sentence halves.
~ 1 We're trying to add
a w e use the first conditional to talk about possible
2 To do this experiment, cut
or probable future I pose events.
3 First. you need to carry
b We use if+ present simple / pose simple, and will + 4 I can't work
infinitive.
s If you have 1 trillion and you take
6 Be careful. Don't blow
©
0 4 Choose the correct words to make first conditional
sentences.
1 If I light the candles, everyone sing/ will sing
a away 1 m illion, you get ...
b up a sheet o f paper into 1 cm strips.
c up the whole school!
'Happy Birthday'. d out the answer to this problem.
2 What will/ do you do if you get lost? e out some experiments in a lab.
3 You make up I w/11 make up If you shake hands. f up the number of atoms in this molecule.
4 Where will you go if it will rain/ rains later?
s The gift will look lovely i f we wrop / will wrap it in Complete the sentences with the verbs above.
some pretty paper. 1 I can't ____ how to design this

0 S Read the rule and choose the sentence that means

the same.
experiment.
2 If you the units and d ivide by two,
\'OU g~t the answer.
life w ill end unless we stop climate change. = 3 We'll the piua into six slices.
a life will end if we don't stop climate change. 4 We ____ lots of experiments last year.
b Life w ill end if we stop climate change. s This potassium won't _ _ _ unless you
get water on it.
First conditional: if and unless 6 If you have seventy-five and ____ ten, it
We can use unless instead of if. Unless means ifnot. leaves sixty-five.
3 >> Work with a partner. Turn to page 125.
)) GRAMMAR REFERENCE AND PRACTICE PAGE 163

f UNIT16
[_ @rJ Describing a photo (2)

You are going to hear a conversation about a 1 Look at the photo. Where do you t hink the people
teenage inventor. Look at the pictures and discuss are? What do you think is happening?
what you think he has invented . Listen and check.

c:J» 2 Lis'ten to someone describing the photo. Compare

For each question, choose t he correct answer.
Then listen again and check that the other two
options are wrong. l&
0 "
c:Jil 3
your ideas.
Read the Prepare to speak box. Then listen again.
1 How did Lauren Phillips first discover Taylor ~- " Which phrase do you not hear?
Wilson?
A She made a show about him.
B She watched a video about him. Describing a photo (2)
C She met him online.
When you aren't s ure
2 Taylor's neighbours left their houses because
A everyone wanted to see his experiment. It looks like . ..
B they were frightened by the noise. It looks l ike a kind of/ some sort of
C Taylor blew up his house. It could/might be .. .
3 Taylor went to a special school They seem very .. .
A where Mark Zuckerberg and Lady Gaga studied. I'm not really sure, but ...
B which had a fantastic nuclear physics When you don't know the word
department.
0 C which allowed its students to visit a nearby
university.
I don't know what it's called.

4 What does 'a star in a j ar' refer to?

4 Look at another photo. Where do you think the

•
A a famous person who went to a special school
B a nuclear fusion reaction inside a reactor people are? What do you think is happening? Take
C a machine that detects bombs turns to describe it. Use phrases from the Prepare
to speak box.
s Taylor met President Obama because he
A invented some important security equipment.
B was t he 42nd person to make a nuclear fusion
reaction.
C is a brilliant public speaker and video
presenter.
6 Lauren Phillips thinks that Taylor should
A carry on sharing his excitement about science.
B make more security equipment for the
government.
C consider becoming an actor.

3 In pairs, think of five questions you would like

to ask Taylor Wilson. Find the answers onli ne if
possible, then discuss your find ings in groups.

AMAZING SCIENCE ~
 Staying safe on lin e
We use the internet for many t hings, such as st udying,
communicating w ith friend s and having fun Online.
The intemet is a normal part of modern life,
but we must use it carefully in orde r to
stay safe a nd prevent problems.

1 Ask and answer the questions with a partner.

1 How many hours d o you spend on the internet on a typical d ay?

A less than 1 B 1 to 2 C 3 to 4 D more than 4
2 What electronic device do you u se most often for going online?
A smartphone B a tablet c a lapto p D other
3 How much do you think you know about internet safety?
A nothing B a little C quite a lot D a lot

Read the text quickly. Match photos A- D to four of the rules. How well do you
follow these rules?

iTiTTUiF111 !t,l' '-. .
When you're online, you should protect
informabon like your real name. address, phone
number and date of birth. This information is
too p ersonal 10 share with everyone.
'l,ifii·l,i·Ft■W-lli 1 HJl■,M,1·1,Mlori
I ,\MMJI
Don' t share any photos or videos of
your friends and other people u nless
you have their permission. 8e polite and
respect other people's privacy on1ine.

Don't accept any friend or chat requests

from strangers on social media apps or
•ebsites. All your online contacts should b e
pie that yoo already know and trust.
--~-'
I
Be cautious about websites and apps that
teU people your location, You don't want
strange<s to know where you are g oing or
when you aren't home!
Keep yoor passwords se<:fet, so strangers can't
access your email or othe< accounts. And don't
Q
\..:..J
cho ose an obvious password, like 123456.
Choose some th ing that people can't guess.
If you use social media. you shouldn't write
nasty comments about people or the things ..l,-.
1
they post ontine. Respect their feelings U
and don't be mean. You wouldn't want
someone 10 say those things about you!

4 If you realty want to meet a new oolin,e friend,

you should always tell your parents first. They If you have any problems w ith o ther
should know wnece you're going. and they people onHn e. ask an adult for help. It's
may want to accompany you the first time. b etter to talk with someone as soon as
possible. Don't keep the problem a secret!
Think very carefully before you share a,,y
personal phOtos or videos online. Just paus~
for a moment and ask youfSelf, 'Do I re.ally
want everyone in the world to see this?'

0 3 Match the highlightea words in the text to the meanings.

1 easy to gu ess
2 stop or wait
4 keep som eone or somet hi ng safe
s where someone or something is
3 unkind or n asty
 4 Answer the questions. Use ideas from the text. listen again and write the correct names:
Justin, David, Laura or Melissa.
1 What cype of infom,ation should you keep personal?
2 What must you do if you want to meet a newonline friend? 1 _ _ _ didn't tell her parents about the
3 Why shouldn't you tell other people your password? cyberbullying.
4 What can happen if you share silly photos of yourself 2 changed the privacy settings on
online? his profile.
5 When can you safely accept friendship requests online? 3 _ _ _ has closed his email account
6 Why shouldn't you write bad things about other people? five times already.
4 _____ got a new phone. Now she
S Read the comments. Are these people using the internet blocks messages from strangers.
safety? Why?/ Why not?
8 Complete the Useful language phrases
Angela says A with the words in the box.
I love posting photos of my friends online.
Sometimes they get angry with me, but I
~ best important need
opinion tell should
think it's funny.
pOStW' 2h <1<;◊
USEFUL LANGUAGE
Daniel says Giving advice
I don't like it when strangers send me friend
1 You _ ___ tell your parents
requests. I never ans~ter, and I block them
right away.
when tcan.
2 I think people ___ to be
posteo 2h a,~o
more careful.
3 I'd _ my friends not to be
Kally says mean.
I use a phone app that shows people where 4 In my ___ , people should be
I am, but only my parents c.an see that
information.
fX)Stec ":'J1 <l{;O
nicer.
5 The .• ___ thing to do is ask for
permission.
n
\J
6 lt's ____ tokeepyour
password secret.
Samuel says
When people insult me online, I always insult ©
them back. Sometimes It gets really nasty.
~osteo 2h aqo

<:ll
81
6 listen to Melissa, Justin, laura and David.
Choose the correct answers. \ PROJECT ~ A po'5tf'I about

01 A boy posted comments about

Justin/ David on a social network.
mternet '>ilff't}

Make a poster about cyberbultying and

2 Girls were making fun of the dangers of Internet use. Give practical
Loura/ Melissa because advice.
she looks different.
3 A boy was writing nasty • What type of things do cyberbutlies do?
emails about Melissa/ • Why shouldn't people do these things?
Louro last year. • What can people do if they're being
4 David JJustin always cyberbullied?
receives lots of emails • Why is it important to talk about
from strangers. cyberbullying?
• Where could people find more information
about this problem?
Present your poster to the class. Then
display it at school.

STAYING SAFE ONLINE

 VOCABULARY GRAMMAR

0 1 Find the words (- l \.) and complrte t he lists.

You have got the first letter of each word.
Complete the sentences. use the correct
form of the verbs.
1 __ you ____ this book yet? (read)
d 0 C u m e. n t Ia r y s 2 When I switch off the lights, it ___ _
m i d g w r a p n e p e always very dark in here. (be}
p r I i r m 3 This table ____ of wood. (not make)
b d s a b s
4 He never much homework
0 0 r a i a s Ir I mT I 0 b when he's in his room. (do)
C w e s p y . t h a i u a 5 Look! The teacher _ just _ _ _ ,
(arrive)
0 n C s y p n e a n d r 6 Breakfast _ _ _ every day between
m I 0 0 u r ' o l s 1 f _j k t r 7 and 10 am. (serve)
e 0 s 0 V 0 0 i 0 u e a
7 Don't worry. I'll remind her if she
_. (forget)
d a r r w e e h n I r I s 8 I'm not hungry. I _ already
y d a d V i r u S I I e s lunch. {have)
9 IF you click 'yes', the film usually
b I 0 VI t 0 r In CT h e e _____ quite quickly. (download)
e a C h a t s h 0 w r d 10 Unless he arrives soon, we ____ _
le-0ve without him. (have to)
p t p a n i m a t i 0 n
Make sentences.
Adjectives: feelings Computer words
d e p I 1 you / upload / your film / yet?
g___ p __ v__ __ d
2 this film/ not translate/ into Spanish
TV and film Doing experiments

~2
3 Jon / just / shut down/ his computer ~

~-o--
m:::p:::lrt
=-~ t h: =se:::n:::t~
-n
- ~-es with th:~-or-d-~~n th: --b:::o:::x_~_-_ -\.V
4 if / I / fill / the kettle, / you / make/ the
coffee?
0 blowup characters confused deleted
exhausted plot plug in search soap opera 5 the app /open / when you/ enter/
©
soundtrack stressed tic turn off work out
your password

1 I did a ____ for a cheap ticket online, but there 6 the British actors/ not mention/ in the
weren't any. reviews
2 This is on TV five times a week.
3 I've just run 15 km. I'm 7 the rubber ring / not float/ unless/
4 She's upset because she ____ her homework by you / fill/ it with air
mistake.
s I'm---·· Ican't _ _ _ how to answer this 8 Sonia/ already/ wrap/ your present
question.
6 I'm feeling very this evening. I need to sit down
and relax.
7 Can you this HDMI cable and then i t to
the back of the screen?
8 Have you heard the ____ From the new Star Wars
film?
9 ___ the machine, quickly. This experiment's going
(O _ _ _ _ _!
10 The ____ of Stranger Things is great; it always keeps
you guessing what will happen next. I love the main
too.

f REVIEW4
0 3 Complete the second sentence so that it means the same as the first sentence.
Use no more than three words.
1 They produce most Indian films in Bollywood.
Most Indian films _____ in Bollywood.
2 If you don't come to the cinema, you'll be really bored tonight.
___ be bored tonight if you come to the cinema.
3 This laptop doesn't install updates automatically.
Updates • automatically on this laptop.
4 I finished watching the documentary a few minutes ago.
I've _ watching t he documentary.
s She's the new actor. She plays Juliet.
She's the new __ _ _ Juliet.
6 Oo you sell DVDs here?
Are ____ here?
7 This is a really funny comedy. You should watch it.
This is a really funny should watch.
8 Unless someone can remember the password, we can't use the computer.
We _ ___ the computer if someone can remember the password.

4
0
Choose the correct words.
6' 1 My friend hasn't arrived already/ yet.
2 You have I 'II have fun if you come with us.
3 This is the computer game that/ who I bought a few weeks ago.
4 I've been watching a series that called / 's coiled ' Stranger Things'.

0 5 Correct the mistake in each sentence.

(;) 1 I've just spend some money on lunch.
2 You'll like the pizza restaurant where is near my house.
3 My closest friend calls Simone.
4 If you'll have a problem, I'll help you.

For each question, write the correct answer.

Write one word for each gap.
,

ny student betweoo the ages of 12 and 19 can enter the Young

A Engineers for Brit;»n competition. This is an annual event in which

students , ·- __ challenged to be creative in developing thefr own
4

idea. The aim of the competition is to design ' _ _ usefuJitem that can
eventually be produced and sold.
Ruth Amos won the pnze a~ _____ years ago for her invention, the
'StairSteady', which helps old people to go up and down stairs. It is
' _ _ __ from a strong metal and ls very safe, as well as beings mple to
use. Ruth 4 - - - - · sold over 1,000 StalrSteadys all around lhe country.
MO(A receotly, Matthew Hunter developed a product to charge a mobile
phone t1 _ _ _ _ will fit on a bicycle. He won the You1>g Engfnoors' Duka
of Yori< Award and received prize mone~1 of £1 ,000 for his invention.
 or ·················,~ ..:;,:.11iiMF···"1
4

.
Complete the articles w ith words in Exercise 3.

.
: Ther~•s an exhibition of new " orttsts called :
f Young Talent at the univer sity 1 this i
:i month, It's mainly 2 and drawings,
but there are a few huge outdoor 1 _ _ · - -
in the park next to it •
• • • • • • • • • • • • · · · - ~ ••,.,...... . . . ..... . r-o . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . :

ABOUT YOU
;Se0te4 ~
Th<! beSl·SCBillg • J e-ftO}' L~C?
0 11 Watch the video and t hen answer the
h,1s writl~n rtmf!ns o f hoo ks ovP.r lhP. yP-nrs. Now
it's time tor us to read au about the secrets ot
questions.
Dr Lee's life in a new 6OO,pagc " ___ __ of the

0
Have you ever tr ied creating art, playing music
wril~r. II le lli. her Lif~ sto1y, frum lu~rd.1ildhoo<l
or perform ing on stage? m Smgapor~ ngh t up lv th~ p resen~ di1y, and
Do you know anyone w ho is young and talented ? discusses in rtetaU how she thought of ideas tor
hc.-r series of critne '· , What \<\le See.
©
Arts and entertainment

1 Look at the photos. What can you see? What are

t hese places? There's trouble in Hollywood this week for the
Project Z movie . The main ' ~ -· _ _ in the film
Listen to t hree conversations. Do they mention won't work because they're unhappy with their
any of your ideas? pay and with the conditions in the 9 c - - -

0 3 Which words are related to which profession? Add

t he words to t he table. Some words match more
~ t han one profession. Can you add any other words
'
However, time is money in show business, so the

h~•;i;;-
, Frankie Jones, needs to show that
ch.;rge and end th is argument quickly.

to the lists?

aud ience biography director gallery

(fj) S Discuss the quiz questions.

novel painter painting poet

poetry sculpture studio writer
a studio and a gallery?
Actor audience, an artist and a painter?
Artist a novel and a biography?
an author and a po0t?
Author
a sculpture and tJ pointing?

f UNIT 17
 Rli
THE SONGWRITERS
When you hear a new song, you probably
don't think about who wrote it. And
altho ugh certain performers' like Lady Gaga
always write their own songs, hundreds
of others perform songs written for them
by songwriters, Sia is .l fomous singe, who
has ~oured the world several times and sold
millions of her own albums. She's also a
successful songwriter, who has written hits for
Rlhanna and other big stars. Next time you
h ear a song you love, why not look it up online
and see who actually wrote it?
THE GHOSTWRITERS
Kyfie Jenner and her s.ister Kendall were teenagers when
they wrote their first science fiction novel, Rebels: City
of (ndra. But the Jenner sisters grew up as reality show
stars, so how d id they manage to write a b ook? The truth
is, they didn't write it on their own. They had
lots o f ideas for th~ story, but they asked
an author callod Maya Sloan to write it with
them. Sloan is also a ghostwriter who writes
celebrities' books for them. Celebrities
often vse ghostwriters, either because
they don't have time, or because they
aren't natural writers. Publishers usually
order ghostwriters not to talk about the
books they've written for celebrities, but
the Jenner sisters d idn't mind anyone
knowing about Maya Sloan.
...
Look at the photos. Who or what can you see?
Read the article quickly. What do these people have in common?
Ben Cooke Maya Sloan Rachel Howard Sia
3 Choose the correct answers. Read t he article again and check.
1 Sia has written songs for --·-- and · ·-·-·-·
A herself B LadyGaga C Rihanna
2 Maya Sloan is ____ and ___ •
4
A a ghostwriter B a reatity show star C an author
3 and ___ acted in Casino Royale.
A JamesBond B Daniel Craig C Ben Cooke
4 Painters like and
---- had
----
- assistants.
A Rachel Howard B Michelangelo C Damien Hirst
0 4
•
Now read 'The secret painters' again and think o f the word which
best fits each gap. use only one word in each gap.
THE STUNT DOUBLES
Daniel Craig has an action hero
4
reputation thanks to his performances as
James Bond. But does the actor appear
in all the dangerous scenes himself? Not
always. Instead, a stunt double does lots of them.
Ben Cooke w;,s competing in .:i martial arts tourn.:,ment
when a producer saw him and advised him to become
a stunt double. Ben Cooke looks a bit like Oanie1Craig,
so he became Crc'lig's double. He's won a lot of prizes,
including one for an incredible jump in Casino Roynle.
THE SECRET PAINTERS
Damien Hirst produces hundreds of paintings every
year. How does one man produce 1 ----~ many?
l ike da Vinci and Michelangelo before him, he employs
a5,5istants in a studio. He usually tells them 2 _ _ _
do the easy jobs, bvt they often do \vhc,le paintings
$ • Rachel Howard was 22 when she st arted
working 1 Hirst.
According to Hirst, he
only over made fiv& 'spot'
paintings himself and the
best spot painting is one
painted :. ____ Rochel!
Now.;1days, Rachel Howard
doesn't work for Hirst. She is
a well-known artist ~ ___ _
work fills gallerie-s all .lround
tho world.
,O
1 travelled around, playing in
concerts or appearing at events
2 people who entenain others
by acting, singing, dancing or
playing music
3 act in a film or a play
4 somebody who does the difficult
or dangerous scenes for an actor
5 a company, or the people, that
produce books
TALKING POINTS
Do you thi nk it's fair that famous
people get others to do things
for them? Why? / Why not?
Whose book would you inost
like to ghostwrite? Why?
TALENTED
 ,1 :J.1 M9';1: ■ Reported commands Read the example and notice how your changes
to their. Then report t he commands. Use the
reporting verbs in brackets and change the

0 1 Read the examples and choose the correct

commands, a orb.
1 The Jenner sisters asked a ghostwriter to write a
novel with them.
a 'Please write a book with us!'
b 'Don't write our book, thanks.'
2 Publishers usually order ghostwriters not to talk
about the books they've written.
a 'You mustn't discuss these books with anyone!'
b ' Feel free to talk about the books you've written.'
3 A film-maker advised him to be a stunt double.
a •vou shouldn't be a stunt double!'
b 'You should be a stunt double!'
4 He usually tells them to do the easy jobs.
a 'Don't do the easy jobs.'
b 'Do the easy jobs, please.'
pronouns if necessary.
0 A teacher to her students: 'Remember to finish
your homework before Friday.' (remind)
The teacher reminded her students to finish
their homework before Friday.
1 A father to his child: 'Don't run!' (tell)
2 A boy to his sister: 'Pass the salt, please.' (ask)
3 A girl to her brother: 'Get out of my room!'
(order)
4 A woman to her daughter: 'Don't be late.'
(warn)
s A taxi driver to his passenger: 'Don't get out at
the traffic lights.' (advise)
6 A boy to his friend: 'Watch the match w ith me!
Go on, it'll be fun!' (persuade)

0 2 Complete the rules with to or not.

VOCABULARY Adjectives: -a/ md -fu/
We report:
a positive commands using a reporting verb+
object pronoun+ ._ infinitive.
The reacher ordered us to be quiet.
o .L Read the examples and answer questions a and b.
~ 1 She's also a successful songwriter.
2 They aren't natural writers.
b negative comman(.1s using a reporting verb+
object pronoun+ _ _ +co infinitive. 3 We were watching a historical drama.
The teacher reminded us not to ta{k. a Which part of speech (verbs or nouns) do we
use to make adjectives with .o/ and ~ful?
b What spelling changes do you notice in
)) GRAMMAR REFERENCE AND PRACTICE PAGE 1&4 examples 2 and 3?

(0
~
3 Choose t he correct option.
1 Why don't you ask/ cell Tina to go to cinema
(0 2 Complete the sentences with adjectives formed
from the nouns in brackets.

with you? 1 This exhibition is very ____ .· (colour) I)\

2 I persuaded Lou to not read/ not to read her poems! 2 I love the countryside. It's so . {peace~
3 I was crying, so my friend said to me I told me to 3 That's a really idea. (origin)
0 calm down.
4 Go to the teacher and tell 10 f ask her for help.
4 Ouch! My leg is still ___ .(pain)
s My brother's always smiling. He's very ©
s The gallery attendant told / sold us to be quiet. ____ . (cheer)
6 Don't tell us what do/ co do! 6 The articles aren't at all ____. (politics)
7 Dad reminded I remembered us to study for the test. 7 I have three exams next week. It's very
8 Who advised you not print I nor to print your tickets? _____. (stress)
8 Is your apartment ____? (centre)

0 4 Complete the reported commands. Use t he reporting

verbs In brackets.
o Mum: ' Help in the kitchen, please.'
3 >> Work with a partner. Student A turn to
page 125. Student B turn to page 127.

Mum . asked _them •co help in the kitchen.' (ask}

1 Karen: 'You mustn't touch my things!'
Karen ______ me ______ her things. (warn)
2 Police officer: 'Stop!'
A police officer us . • . (order)
3 Anna: 'You must be more careful.'
Anna ____ him ___ more careful. (tell)
4 Sara : 'You shouldn't worry so much.'
Sara ____ her _ _ _ so much. (advise}
s Diane: 'Come on! It's time to go!'
Diane · - - -- us ____. (persuade}
6 Mrs Holt: 'Don't hand in the work late.'
Mrs Holt us the work late.
(remind)

/ 100 UNIT 17
 Abiography

1 Look at the photo. What do you know about Taylor Swift?

Read the biography and check your ideas.

aylor Swift was born in 1989 in Pennsylvania. As a child, she lived on

T her family's Christmas tree farm. She fell in love with country music at
the age of nine, and often travelled 200 km to New York
for singing lessons. Then, as soon as she learnt to play the
guitar,peoplestarted noticing hertalentShewasonly 12!
In 2004, her family moved to Nashville, the centre of
country music, because they wanted to help her career.
By the time Swift was 16, her first album Taylor 5wlft(2006) was already
popular with country music fans. Her second album Fearless (2008) was a hit
with both country and pop fans. She's had many best-selling albums since
then - her 2017 album Reputation sold 2 million copies in its first two months
on sale. A video for a single from the album, Look What You Made Me Do, had
over 40 million views in 24 hours, and the Reputation world tour earned over
$400 million! Nowadays, Swift uses her success to help other people. She gives
lots of money to charity, and she once paid S4 million for an education centre
In Nashville.

Read the Prepare to write box, then read the Write one word in each space. Use language from
biography again. What interesting facts do you the biography in Exercise 1.
learn about Taylor Swift?
1 He left home
2 She got married
the age of 14.
soon
©
she was
PREPARE TO WRITE 21.
3 He started playing football _ _ __ a young
A biography
child.
When you write a biography, include: 4 ___ _ , she's ii well-known guitarist.
interesting or unusual facts about the person 5 _ ___ the . ____ he started at college, he
important dates ftom the person's life was already in two bands.
information about what the person did at
different ages: 5 You are going to write a biography. Choose a
As o c/Jild, ... famous person or someone you know. Plan your
At the oge of .. . biography and make some notes. Here are some
As soon os he/she ... ideas to help you.
By the time he/she wos ... When was he/she born?
Nowadays, ... What are the important dates in his/her life?
What are his/her main achievements?
What interesting facts do you know about him/
her?
3 How many important dates are mentioned in the
biography? What happened In each year? Write your biography.
Use the tips in the Prepare to write box.
Write about 150 words.
Remember to check your spelling and grammar.

TALENTED ~
 ABOUT YOU
0 0 l2 Watch the video and then answer the questions.
What jobs do people you know do?
What job might you want to do? Why?

Jobs

o*CD 1 Label t he photos with the jobs in t he box. Then l isten and check.

architt'Ct babysitter builder coach firefighter

hairdresser journalist l awyer pharmacist
politician presenter vet

,,,,,...- - - - I I
I

•lf1IIT""lll)1
,.1,,1•111ur, J
"' II
'

Listen t o six people describing their jobs. What are thei r jobs?
Answer the questions, using the jobs you didn't use in Exercise 2. Discuss the questions.
Who .. . Which jobs ...
1 explains the law to people and gives them advice? 1 do you usually need to get a degree for?
2 designs buildings? 2 are paid the highest?
3 works in government? 3 do people mainly do in an office?
4 introduces a TV or radio show? 4 often mean working weekends?
s gives people medicine? s would be the most interesting/boring?
6 writes news stories or articles for publications, radio or TV?

/ 102 UNIT 18
 If you could do any job for a day, whllt would It bet
Afamous actor? An amazing aporta star? A Wiil l~IIMjj
musician? Takeover ChaRenge ollera a-ande or
young people this opportunity. Read m- to find
1 Read the introduction and look at the photos. out how it works and hear about the •~•ncaa
What jobs do you think the three young people of Sophie, Simon and Alexandra.
did? Read the article quickly and check.

Takeover Challenge Is an annual ewnt In English schools and about 50,000 young people 'take over'
from adults and have a go at their Jobs. They're In cllarge for Just one day! Of course, It's dlfflcult to
make someone into a film or music celebrity. However, Takeover Challenge has offered young people
the chance to be TV presenters, sports coaches, journalists, teachers and even politicians.
The event has two aims. Firstly, it gives young people experience in a wide range of jobs. Secondly,
adults can leam from young people's opinions and fresh ideas.

Sophie Cameron, 15_ Alexandra Shaw

became the headteacher of her
schcot. 'I'd go mad if I were a
headteacher permanently. ' she
!.aid. 'Them W'Bm so many mooting.5
and sorne of them went on
for 11~ !' Sophie lhir&<s she
leamed a 101. ·My favoun1e
part of tt,e day was m€€1M>g
the school chef and
approving the
school menus for ~
tho week. ll was a
reat OPP0ttunit•1 to
spent the day •Nith a
politician. She even '/v-ent
to a mooting ,vith the
nmo mirust~ ! Alexandra
lhough11ha1 ff 0'J0f\'008
did a politician·s lob
day a t Coventr; F-ootball C!ub. He fe< a day, ll18'{d
became coach of the tcotba!I team. be &na<e:J. 'fl
'Training with professional players isn·t a nine-to-five
was exhausnng. ll1ey're really fd,' P:,b.• she said.
said Simon. 'I would do ihis job EN8fl/ 'It's 24/7. Them
nay ff I CO<Jld. II was an i.llllll(gettahla isn't even arry
experience.' time for tunch!'

ffl . !

2 Read the article again. Answer the questions.

1 How often does Takeover Challenge happen? TALKING POINTS
2 Who does the day hel p? How? Is TokeoverChoUengea good idea?
3 What did Sophie dislike about her day? Why? i Why not?
4 What part of being a coach was difficult for Simon? What job would you like to 'take over'
s What surprised Alexandra about a politician's work? for a day1
6 What jobs does t he article mention?

0 3 Match the highhghtcd words in the article to the meanings.

1 a lot of different types
2 opportunity
4 new and different
5 exciting and impossible to forget
3 a long time 6 the leader of a government

THE WORLD OF WORK 103 \

 GRAMMAR Sec11nd conditional 0 4
@
Correct the mistake in each sentence.
1 If I were you, I ·11 get a job as a babysitter.

0 1 Read the examples. Then complete the rules with

thi? correct words.
1 If everyone did a politician's job for a day, they'd
2

be amazed.
2 If you could do any job for a day, what would it
be?
3 I would do this job every day if I could.
4 I'd go mad if I were a head teacher permanently.
We use the second condit ional to talk about an
unlikelt or impossible situation in the present or
future, and its results.
a We form the second conditional with:
If+ , and + infinitive
b The short form of would is
c We can use I ______Instead of I wos in the ii
clause of the second conditional.
d The if clause can come first or second in the
sentence.
3
Would you be a football coach if you would have
the chance?
If you met her, you will really like her.
4 tt will be fun if you came with me.
s I would leave if I would find my job stressful.
6 If I would see them again, I could identify them.
5 Complete the sentences with your own ideas. In
pairs, compare your answers.
1 tf I were a journalist, I'd write about fashion.
2 II I could do any Job for a day, .. .
3 If I had €100,000 to spend on equipment ror my
school, ...
4 I wouldn't ever be bored again i f .. .
s If I were in charge of my school, .. .
6 My parents wouldn't be pleased if .. .
7 If I could be the coach of any team, .. .
8 If I were prime minister of my country, ...
6 Tell the class about your partner's answers in
Exercise 5 .

)) GRAMMAR REFERENCE AND PRACTICE PAGE 166 11 l uca could do any Job for a
day, he'd be a photographer.

0 2 Match the sentence halves and choose the correct

verbs.
~ - .....
l You probably didn't / wouldn't earn much money ,VOCABULARY Suffixes: -er, -or, -itt, -ian
2 I get/ 'd get paid a lot of money
3 Did/ Would you be worried
4 If I were/ would be the headteacher of my
school,
s If I wonted / would wont to be a vet,
o l Read the examples. Then make nouns for people
(D from the words in the box.
1 He spent the day with a politician.
6 If Dad worked/ would work nine-to-five in an
2 It isn't easy being a teacher.
office,
3 Would you like to be a journali st?
• ii your dad was/ would be a firelighter? 4 I'd love to be a film director for a day!

0 b
c
he got I'd get very bored.
if you became/ would become a musician. eel art clean music
0
d what subjects did/ would I have to study? reception run visit
e if I became/ 'd become a lawyer.
f lessons storied / would start at 10 am. oaor

0 3 Complete the second conditional sentences.

1 You _____ (sleep) better if you _____ (do)
more exercise.
Complete the words with the correct suffix and
match them to the definitions.
1 A blogger , a competes in a competition.
2 If you (fail) the end-of-year exam, what 2 A competi t.. . I b is an expert who studies or
• your parents •• • (say)? 3 A scient... / works i1l one of thesc.iences.
3 If my brother _____ {not take) my things, we c is the player who stands
_ _ _ (not have) so many arguments.
4 You ____(finish) your homework before
4 A football
support.. .
5 A vcgetar. ..
l in the goal.
d writes a blog.
dinner if you _____ (not waste) so much time 6 A guitar... e writes novels.
on the internet. 7 A novel... f pl ays the guitar.
5 If I _ _ _ (can) live anywhere in the world, I 8 A corned.. . g doesn't eat meat or fish.
(choose) somewhere hot. 9 A goalkeep.. . h tells jokes.
6 you (be) upset if your best i likes a particular football
friend (not give) you a birthday present? team and wants them to win.

3 }} Work with a partner. Turn to page 125.

/ 104 UNIT 18
 [_ Listen again. Are the sentences true
or false?

(C'j'-J! 1 Listen to two conversations about problems and

Conversation 1
1 Ben has already got a weekend job.
~ complete the table. 2 Allie's parents said she is allowed to get
a weekend job.
3 Ben thinks Allie might be able to earn
some money at home.
4 Allie wants to avoid asking her parents
about a weekend job.
Conversation 2
5 Evan knows what he wants to study at
university.
6 Evan has already done some research
online.
7 Mrs Shaw thinks Evan should choose a
Conversation 1: Conversation 2:
wide range ot subjects.
Allie Evan
8 Mrs Shaw thinks that ten subjects might
What is his/her be too many for Evan.
problem?
Who is he/she
asking for advice?

Discussing options

0 1 Look at the picture. Nicole is thinking about getting a weekend job. Which jobs is she thinking about?

Listen to two friends discussing the jobs that

Nicole could do. Which one do they agree
PREPARE TO SPEAK
would be best for Nicole? Discussing options
Making suggestions Disagreeing
Read the Prepare to speak box. Then listen
What about .. .? No, I don't agree.
again. Which phrases do you hear?
I think .. . might be a good I' m not so sure.
work with a partner. Talk together for three idea The problem with ... is ...
minutes about the different jobs Nicole could What do you think .. . might be better.
do and decide which would be best. Use the about ... ? But don't you think ... ?
phrases in the Prepare to speak box. If I were you/ himjher, .. .
Reaching agreement
5 In pairs. discuss the questions. Agreeing Yes, that's a good choice.
• 1 Would you like to have a weekend job? Yes, you're right.
2 Which job would you choose? Why? That's true.
3 Do you think students should have weekend Maybe you're right.
jobs? Why?/ Why not? I see what you mean.

THE WORLD OF WORK 105 \

 1 Ask and answer the questions with a partner.
1 What activities do you enjoy in art class? 2 What after-school activities do you enjoy?

0 2 Read the article. Complete it with the words in the box.

acrobatics companies dancers fashion regular training

For OOOet dancers, one of the best training cent.-es in the world ts 'The
Royal Ballet School, in London, England. Tiie school only ac:cee!§ the
most tc:Jlented 1 , who rnust complete &ight years of rull-time

training. Thar& are 225 stud&nts, aged 11 - 19, a.-, d most or th~m live
together in boarding houses. On school days, th-Oy start at 8.30 am and
finish at 4.00 pm. They have tv,o hours of ballet classes and four houtS
' - -- - subjects. Students also have ballet practice after school and
Saturdays. It's a lot of work., but the resuhs are 1ncred b!e.

IP'(t-t-wlt-P A~ ACI/Pt./11'( I
Located in the mountains about 100 miles fr0<n Los Angeles, the ldyllwild Arts
Academy is a boardins sdlOOI for young artists. It offors 3 _ _ _ _ in visual
arts, like drawing, painting, sculpture. photography and cinema, along with
programmes for the performing arts, like music, da1ce and theatre. l'here
is even a special department fot young~ _ _ ___designers. Eveiy year,
more than 300 stud-ents from about 25 c::ovntries a:t<':!nd ldyllwild, and it has
b ecome one of the m~1: famous arts schools in North America. The school's
9uiet, rural location also makes it a wry ~aceful and beautiful place to learn.

If you·d like to join the circus, you should agpl½to the National Circus
School in Montreal, Canada. Since it was founded in 1981, the school
has offered training in:, _____ , theatre, dance, jvggling and other
circus arts. About 150 people study there evety year and 30 of them are
teen students m the high school programme. In a typical week, they have
twenty hours of circus classes and twenty hours of l'E:!gular classes. Aft~r
finishing the programme, many students find work in circus " - ~ - - ,
such as tho Citqt...c du Sof~il. That's the d rc-am of every circus artist!

/ 106 CULTURE
0 3 Are the sentences true or false? Correct the false
s entences.
1 Any students who like dance can attend The Royal
Ballet School.
2 Royal Ballet School students must also practise at the
•.veekend.
3 The ldyllwild Arts Academy isn't in the centre of Los
Angeles.
4 ldyllwild only offers programmes for visual arts
students.
s The National Circus School has about 150 high schoo1
students.
6 Everyone who does the circus programme joins the
Cirque du Soleil.
0 4 Match the highlighted, words in the text to the meanings.
1 ask for permission, usually in writing
2 be present or go to a place or event
3 agrees to take someone or something
4 work or job that someone chooses
s a school where students live and study
6 very good, surprising
Listen to an interview with Carolina Woods. Answer the
questions.
1 What is Carolina's special talent?
2 Where did she start studying when she was 11?
3 Where did she decide to study when she was 15?
Listen again and complete the sentences.
1 Carolina didn't like her first ballet class,
but then her parents .. .
2 Her first week at The Royal Ballet School
was hard because .. ,
3 The advantages of studying in Russia are
4 The disadvantages of studying in Russia
are ...
7 Read the Useful language phrases.
Complete them with information about
your own school.
II USEFUL LANGUAGE
Describing schools
1 The school is located in .. .
2 There are about ... students.
3 The school offers classes in ...
4 Students can also ... after
school.
s On a typical day, students ...
6 The advantages/disadvantages
are .
0
©
PROJECT Research a
training school
Find information about an unusual
training school in your country
or anywhere in the world. Make a
presentation about the school and its
programmes.
1 Where is the school located?
2 How many students attend the school?
3 What can young people study there?
4 What do students do on a typical day?
5 What are the advantages and
disadvantages?
Make your presentation to the class.
 ABOUT YOU
Do you l ike reading? What do you read?
Do you prefer printed magazines or digital ones?
Why?

jrJ r1,j :jljf,li\'I

1 Things that JOU read__ --

,o*
~
1
~ check.
Match the words wit h the photos. Then listen and

advert article brochure e-book

graphic novel note notice paper
poster sticker

Listen to four short conversat ions. What things

that you read are they t alking about?

3 Complete the sentences. °''it)'<''-' p1Ft111>n1t!rty. Wi1t.

sc; 1..oJ.....,1a9y,
........ 1,,i.1
1 I don't want to carry the novel I'm reading -'I 2 GH, prb«tu.o,,
around the whole time, so I read 10:l G~ e-1 mct/1\0ty, •nd
11hr.t-h'9~>11.iality
2 I read an interesting in this magazine all i,n
Cltff"-era tin pl--o,.,, ,s a
about how to relax before exams.
3 My dad buys a _ _ _ six days a week. even
though the news is at least a day old.
4 There's a big ____ in the corridor all about
World Book Day.
0 5 Your parcel wa.s posted in the States. Look,
there's a cus toms __ -· s tuck on it.
6 I like looking at the in magazines, but
they don't persuade me to buy anything.

4 Wher e can you see the follow ing? Include things

that you can read from Exercises 1 and 2 as well
as other words you know.
1 an advert 4 poetry
2 an article 5 a review
3 instructions

S Discuss the questions.

1 How often do you read each of the things from
Exercise l?
2 Is most ol what you read printed or digital?
3 What are the advantages and disadvantages of
reading printed material as opposed to d igital?

/ 108 UNIT 19
 l Look at the t exts 0-5 below. What kind is each one? In pairs, discuss where you think you might see t hem.
o email - on your tablet or laptop
2 Look at the example (0) again and answer these questions.
1 Underline the part of the email where Paula offers to help Jon.
2 Who is going to write Jon's CV?
3 What did Paula discuss with the bike shop manager?

" :r
c3' 3 look at texts 1-5 again. What does each one say?
Choose t he correct answer, A, B or C.

0 O Paula is offering to
@ help Jon with his CV.
B write Jon's CV.
C introduce Jon to the manager.
I called the bike shop about the job advert. The manager
said he wanted people to send a CV. We should discuss
l A Students can only go into the staff room
what qualifications and experience you can Include when with a teacher.
you write yours. B Students can speak to teachers outside
Paula the staff room.
C Students can't speak to members of staff.
2 A Deb has done something wrong.
B Deb's parents miss her.
STAFF ONLY C Deb's sister is in trouble.
Stvdents are not permitted in the staff room. Please
knock on the door if you need to speak to a teacher. 3 A Georgia and Soph are going to walk to
the cinema.
B Georgia is going to meet Soph and her
mum at the cinema.
C Georgia and Soph are going to watch a
film after school.
4 At this pool

Soil>, A you must be at least 16 to swim alone. ' ) \

""'"' so.id. •~• «>el<!. wl<• •• to 11-1• d>,..,._ (.Q.w,
B you have to be 16 or younger. \V
Wh~ d.on't .,. got wgetner ._ft;,, ,,:;,oo1, "'1d."'"°' w
C children can't swim at the same time as
adults.
mlk\e? M~m so.i.d.. she Nt.\S w0tki¥19 till ~.30 . 9ie co.ri
d..rWe. «s t:o t¾le W'1etl'IO.. o..fu.r th~. s You c.an win a competition
©
A to go on tour with FC Barcelona.
C..cr9i<'-
B by finding t he location of a ball.
C by emailing a picture.

Children under the age of 16 must • TALKING POINTS

be accompanied by an adult.
What qualifications and experience
could you put on your CV?
Have you ever entered a competition?
What for? Did you win?

We've hidden the football in this photo. Put a 'X' where

you think the ball was ..'Ind w in ..'I holid..'ly!
Includes tickets to see an FC Barcelona match. To enter,
complete >Wr details and s&nd us the p.ctur·e.
Nome
Address

Email

THE WRITTEN WORD 109 \

 GRAMMAR Reported speech Complete t he second sentence so that it has the same
meaning as the first. Use one. two or thre-e words.

0
o Clare: 'I love writing about fashion.'
1 Match the speech bubbles to the examples.
Clare said that _shg lgved W[itil]g_ about fashion.
1 Ewan: 'I don't want to write about sport!'
a I can take you later.
Ewan told me he to write about sport.
2 Anita: 'My article will be really funny:
b We won't get angry, Anita said her article _____ really funny.
3 Paul: 'I'm writing about the cafeteria:
c I want people to send a CV. Paul told us that he _ _ _ about the cafeteria.
4 James: 'The story can't he true.'
d I'm working till 6.30. James said the story _ _ _ true.
5 Sophie: 'The photos look amazing.'
1 The manager said he wanted people to Sophie told me the photos amazing.
send a 0/, 6 Dan: 'You•u enjoy the movie!
2 They told me they wouldn't get angry, Dan told me that I the movie.
3 Mum said she was working till 6.30. 7 Sarah: 'There won't be any more shows in that series.'
4 Mum said she could take us to the cinema Sarah said there ____ any more shows in that series.
later. 8 Chris: 'I'm not listening to a word you say"
Chris said that he to a word she said.

0 2 Match the examples 1 -4 in Exercise l to the

tense changes a-din the box. Report what t he people said.

We use reported speech to rnpcat what I don't read print magazines

someone said earlier. We change the tense very often, I prefer reading
in reported speech. online. It's free and I can choose
Direct speech ,. Reported speech from thousands of websites. I'll
a present simple past simple start my own website one day.
b present continuous past continuous l owsa said she d;dn't reod princ magazines very often,
c con coold
d will wovld
We also often change pronouns:
Sandra can help us put up some
·I make films.'-> He said he made films.
posters. She does it every day, and
Remember. say+ object; tell+ object.
He said me he made films.. ➔ He told me he she knows all the best places. She'll
be a graphic designer one day! \V
n)
made films.
Pavel said that Sandro could , . ,
~ GRAMMAR REFERENCE AND PRACTICE ©
PAGE 158
VOCABULARY say, ,peak, talk and tell

0 3
Gt 1
Choose the correct options.
Katy says/ said she liked reading graphic (0 (!i)1 -
Read the examples. Then match the verbs to the uses.
novels, Can you speak Turkish? I've told you the answer.
2 Dexter told I told os he would leave us a I said, 'Hello.' I'm talking about biogs.
note.
3 Adam told me he is reading/ was reading 1 speak a someone something
an e-book. 2 say b about something or to someone
4 Tatum said me/ said she couldn1t read my 3 tell c something
handwriting. 4 talk d a language
s Sally told/ said me there were some ft 2 Choose the correct verbs.
adverts online. ~
6 Cosmo said the noticeboard will/ would 1 What did you tell I wy?
be full soon. 2 I can say/ speak English.
7 Jude said/ rold he was coming to the 3 I spoke I 10/d hlrn my phone number.
party. 4 She was 10/king / telling about you.
8 Caz said I/ she was getting some stickers. 5 Nobody told I said anything.
6 Did you talk/ 101/ 10 Mr Marsh?
7 Can anyone here speak./ soy German?
8 Please tell I say us the truth.

f UNIT19
3 )) Work with a partner. Student A turn to page 125.
Student B turn to page 127.
 An onllne book review Read an online review of Artemis Fowl. What is the
writer's opinion of the book? Complete the review
w ith the words in the box.
1 Do you read reviews of books or films online?
Do you ever write reviews? author character incredible

0 2 Read the review quickly. Tick(✓) the i nformation

that Sachin includes.
thought written

Ar.temis iEbwl
by Eoin Coller

I've just read a really good fantasy novel

1 the title of the book
2 the author's name
3 information about the author
4 th.e name of the main character
5 the story of the whole book
6 a description of part of t he story
7 details about how the story ends
8 his own opinion or the book
REVIEW
called Artemis Fowl. It was ' ... __ by
Eoin Colfer, an Irish ' . The main
3 _ _ _ is a teena ge boy called Artemis
Fowl II. He comes from a famHy of
criminals and he does all sorts of awful
things lo make his fa mily richer. He isn't
a very nice person, bul lhat doesn't molter
because the story is ◄ _ . It was the
first in a series of eight books. I'
it was a really exciting story, and I'll
definitely read the rest of the series.

Crocodile Tears
by Anthony Horowitz

© ~
ve just read Crocodile Tears by Anthony
orowitz. tt's a great book~ The main character
is a teenager called Alex Rider, He's a spy for the
tish government. Alex visits a farm in England
'
'
~ at belongs to a criminal. The criminal is called
Desmond McCain and he's creating a new type of
crop that can kill people. He's planning to cause
lots of problems around the world using the crops.
Suddenly, McCain catches AJex.! I think it's a very
exciting story, but I won't write more in case you
read the book!

S You are going to write an on li ne book review.

Read the Prepare to write box and find features
a-d in Sachin's review.
PREPARE TO WRITE
An ontine book review
In an online book review:
a include the tllle ol the book and u,e author
b include the name of the main character(s)
c give your opinion of the book
d include some details of the story, but avoid
'spoilers' and don't say how the book ends!
Think about a book that you like and plan your
review. Use the notes to help you.
What is the title of the book?
Who is the author?
Who is the main character?
What happens in the story?
What is your opinion or it?
Write your online book review.
Use the tips in the Prepare to ~•Hite box.
Write about 100 words.
Remember to check your spelling and grammar.

THE WRITTEN WORD "1

 •••
ABOUT YOU
Look at the pictures on this page. Have you
ever seen any of these pictures before?
Do you know the name for these types of
·•·
•••
pictures?
What other examples have you seen?

II 33%1CJ

313433535333
Ang31ica 3nriqu3z

~VOCABULARY~. Collocations: thinking

~ -
1 Work in pairs. Look at the pictures and answer the questions. II blue green yellow
~ Listen to five short conversations. Match them to the pictures. red orar@
~ Match the sentence halves. Then listen again and check.
~ 1 I lost a second thoughts now. purple black gre~
2 Can you give me b your imagination to see the
3 It didn't cross second person. brown
4 I've just had a c your mind!
S I'm having d concentration! Can you say the colours of eac.h word
6 Make up e a hint? without saying the word iuetf?
7 You have to use f thought.
g my mind to look there.

0 4 Complete the sentences with the correct form of the

collocations in Exercise 3.
5 In pairs, ask and answer the questions.
o I've justpQ.d o /J!QYJJ!!L, Why don't you get some work as
a babysitter?
1 It's time to _____ . Are you coming or not?
2 I wanted to watch that new comedy show. But now I've
read the reviews I'm ___ _
3 As soon as I fell in the water, the thought of sharks
4 Question ten is Impossible and Mrs Thomas wouldn't
even
s I can't do my homework while I watch TV. I _____.
6 I find i t hard to write stories because I'm not good at
1 Do you find it difficult to make up your
mind about things? Or are you good al
making decisions?
2 What causes you to lose concentration
while you ¥ e studying at home or at
school?
3 When was the last time you had second
thoughts about something?
4 What school subjects allow you to use
your imagination? Do you use your
imagination out of school?

f UNIT 20
0 1 Read the article quickly. Choose the main topic of the art icle.
A The ways optical illusions are used
8 How optical illusions work
C Optical illusions in nature

0 2 Read the article again. Are the sentences true or false?

1 Scientists can't fully expl ain optical illusions.
2 Akiyoshi Kitaoka designed his optical i llusion for a car advertisement.
3 Al~xander McQuccn only made one of his stripcx:l 'optical illusion 1 dresses.
4 Animals use optical illusion to hunt fo r food.
5 The road safety illusions have been successful.
6 The plate illusion means it is probably healthier to use larger
plates instead of smaller ones.
In odvc-rti!.in9, opticol illu$ions ore useful ro 901
people 10 P-QY. onention. look oi this piclure
by Akiyoshi Kilooko, o Joponese professor of
Psyi::;hology. Kitooko creoted it while he wos
moking o New Year's cord for his fo mily ond
fri ends. The p icture was later used in a ca r

-
advertisement. Con you g uess why~

On roods, SP.Vero! covntries hove used opticol

illusions to encovroge people to drive more safely.
For instance, these pedestrian crossings were
pointed on roods in Chino. From o distance, they
lock 30 01,d 1he (&s001ch shows thot lhis <:ouses
d,i~e,.s to go more slowly necr !he crossings.

© In fos hion, opticol illvsions ore used to chonge ovr

oppeoronce. lhis dress was desig ned by the famous

0 foshicn designer, Alexander McQueen. But it wasn't

designed just lo look good. The na rrow block a nd w hite
lines c reole on illusion, ond lhe per.son appear~ slimme1
thon they o,o. Sovo,ol colc.britios boughl ono.

In the natu,ol wotld, somo animals
need cpticol illusions lo stay olive.
Many buttecfl•es, snakes and spiders t{
ore o similor colour to the ploce '\ft
where they live. They don't wont their
enemies to see them - and eot them. They
con o lso use their colour lo cok:h other
onimols lhO'msQlves. Cao you s.oo the onimol
hiding in this picture? Who, is ii?
Rosoo,c-he,s have found thol one simple illusion
could help us fo eot. and also woste, less food. In
e><pecimen&, the some omount of food wos $erved on
two p!ote$: one small ond Qne lorge. When people
were asked to estimate the a mount of food on eoch
plate, they usually said the soma thing: lhe,e was
more food 011 lhe srnoller plole. Reslouronls somalimes
use this ltick too - if ,ve think we Of & go:tin9 motQ
food, then o moo! looks be1ter volve fo, mooey.

~ wr.
0 3 Match the l!igfilii~ words in the text to the meanings.
1 trick
2 appears
a stop something or someone from escaping
b seems
TALKING POINTS
What practical uses of optical
illusions have you seen?
3 catch c make someone more likely to do something What are your favourite optical
4 encourage d watch, listen to or think about something carefully illusions from the unit so far?
5 pay attention e make someone believe something that is not true
(to something)
SEEING IS BELIEVING
 GRAMMAR Past simple passive Complete the second
part of the article. Use
the past simple active or

0 1 Match the examples to the passive forms.

1 The picture was used in a car advertisement.
2 In fashion, optical illusions are used to change
passive form of the verbs.

our appearance. Between 1790 and 1820, over 150 kilometres

3 This d re ss wasn't just designed to took good. of canals' ___ _ (build) in London 10
help transport materials. Nowadays, C}'Clists
a present simple positive
and pedestria11s share the path next to
b past simple positive
these canals, but some cyclists ride too
c past simple negative
fas1. Recenlly, 3D pavemenI a ri ' - - - -

0 2 look at the examples and complet e the rules.

ACTIVE:
A Japanese professor created the picture.
(use) to make the path safer. A large 3D hole
' _ ____ (painQ on it by two local artists. As
cyclists approached the painting, it • _ _ _
(look) like the<e was a huge hole in the palh.
PASSIVE:
Many cyclists stopped or5 (start) to
The picture was created by a Japan= professor.
ride more slowly. Then they ' ____ (give)
infOOTiation about safer cycling!
In the past simple passive:
a we use wos J + (not) +
participle. - - - - - --
b if we want to say the person/thing that did t he
action, we use
0 G i:
i; Correct t he mistake in each sentence.
1 He born in Paris and he was died in London.
2 This house it 's built in the 16th century.
)) GRAMMAR REFERENCE AND PRACTICE PAGE 157 3 Yesterday we were met to have lunch together.
4 The medicine was tasted terrible.

0 3 Read the first part of an article and choose the

correct forms of the verb.
5 The film we saw yesterday called Now You See It.
6 We were allow to eat in the classroom.

Street painting first ' appeared I was appeared

in the 16th century in Italy. The painters ' called I
1 Read the examples. Match the verbs look (ot), s ~
ere called 'madonnari' and they • painted I
era painted pictures of weU•known characters
G and wotch to their meanings. 0
on the pavement. 1 Look at this picture by Akiyoshi Kitaoka.

@s84, 30 pavement art • invented /was 0

(& ~
~
2 They don't want their enemies to s~ them.
3 I wanted 10 watch that ne-..v comedy show.
©<
invented by the American, Kurt Venner. When
you look at 30 pavement art from a certain a : notice people or things with your eyes
place. It looks like it Is 30! A few years later, a TV b : pay attention to something, usually for
documentary s made I was made Kurt and his a short time and especially something that isn't
w0<1< famous. He • asked I was asked to make 30 moving.
art for adverts, festivals and museums. This 30
c ____: pay attention to something, usually for
pavement art ' didn't do I wasn't done by Kurt. a longer time and especially something that is
moving.
but by Julian Beaver, a British pavement artist
2 Complete the sentences with the correct form of
~ look (ot), see and wotch.
~ 1 Did you ____ that white van? It was going
really fast.
2 ____ the whiteboard and copy the words.
3 It crossed my mind today that I haven't
your brother for ages. - - --
4 • my hands carefully and I'll show you
how the trick was done.
5 ____ ! That guy Is shopl ifting!
6 I'm exhausted. I was __ __ films all night.
7 The Wor1d Cup final was · - - - -by over a
billion people around the world.

3 >> Work with a partner. Turn to page 125.

/ 114 UNIT20
 Expressing surprise
and disbelief

1 In pairs, discuss the questions. 1 Look at the photo. How

would you feel if you saw
1 Do you know the names of any famous magicians?
someone do this?
2 What are the best magic tricks you've seen?

2
3 Can you do any magic tricks?
Read the description of the podcast. In pairs,
0
~ ~ 2 Listen and decide which
sentence is true.
write five questions that you think the presenter a Mark doesn't believe Lucy.
might ask. b Lucy doesn't believe Mark.

Read the Prepare to speak box. Then listen again.

~
o
□
Which phrases do Mark and Lucy use?
The University Podcast
LATEST EPISODE:
33 Mys1eries of the m ind
Expressing surprise and disbelief
0 Play Morn episodes ,..
You won't believe this, but
This week's show is all about I find t hat hard to believe.
mysteries of the mind. And we
You're joking!
start with an interview with Amelia
Rogers, a first-year French and
Are you serious?
Spanish student at the university, Noway!
Amelia ~s also a member of the I can't/couldn't believe my eyes.

University Magic Club, whose That just isn't possible.

recent show was reviewed ve(Y
well by this podcast in episode 3 1.
4 Work in pairs. Discuss the quiz questions together.
Use the language in the Prepare to speak box.
Listen to the podcast. Did the presenter ask any of
the questions you wrote in Exercise 2?
listen to the interview again. For each question,
choose the correct answer.
1 Amelia became interested in magic because
A her older brother used to enjoy it.
Which two events happonod In tho &am.o
A TheE,Uel Tower mPaiis was finished.
yoa0
\..V
B she was told she was naturally good at i t. B Con1ac1lenses we<eInvented.

02
C she was given a magic set on her birthday.
Amelia's favourite performances have been
A at children ·s parties.
B in competitions she won.
c during her time at university.
3 Amelia thinks creating your own tricks is
A less important than how you perform them.
B impossible for people with her level of
experience.
C necessary if you want to become famous.
4 What does Amelia say about practising tricks?
A She does i t in lots of different places.
B Her friends aren't interested in helping.
C It's something she prefers doing alone.
s What does Amelia say about explaining to other
people how she does tricks?
A She thinks it's a bad idea because people
can't keep secrets.
B She sometimes does it with her closest friends.
C She only ever does it with other magicians.
6 What are Amelia's plans for the future?
A She wants to be a professional magician.
B She wants to concentrate on her studies.
C She wants t o work abroad.
c The Japanesecompany lilntendo was staned. ©
~ ) Which law ia true in parts of Australia?
~ A You are only allO'NCd toovm a pct rabbit ii \'Ouarc a magician.
B Cats aren't allowed to make a noise after 9 pm.
C You must attend classes before you can O'Ml a dog.
When the Mona Li$0 was stolen in 1911.
who dld th8 poUco think tho thief wu&?
A a ffench POet
e a museumguard
C Pic.isoo
Al How thick would apiece of paper be if
~ you folded it in half 42 times?
A It wou~ be about 2 metres thick.
B It I/IOU~ be as tall as a house.
C It 1110u~ be thick enough to reach the moon,
Which two poople were born ln the &ame yoo.r?
A Marilyfl Monroe, ttle filmacl,ess
B Queen Eli2~U• II
c Pele, 1tle Bralilian footballer
S >> Turn to page 127 and check your answers to
the quiz. Which answers surprised you the most?

SEEING IS BELIEVING 115 \

 0 4 Match the l!lghlighted words in the text to the
meanings.
1 funny stories that people tell
2 give or supply something
l notice or understand something
4 topic or subject
S very new and up~to~date
LIFE SKILLS 6 have a bad effect on something

Identifying reliable news Match the photos (A-0) to the topics (1-4), Then
We can get news from many sources. We can l isten to four people talking about fake news.
ask people we know and we can tum on the Which topics do they discuss?
radio or TV. We can also use the internet to find
out what's happening. However, we can't trust 1:1
everything \l\'e see or hear. We need to identify
reliable sources that we can believe and trust.

1 Ask and answer the questions with a partner,

1 a food ,hat sounds disgusting
What sources of information help you stay up to date? 2 stories about health and medicine
my parents 3 celebrities and their private lives
teachers and other adults 4 something surprising in space
my friends at school
newspapers and magazines
news on the radio or TV
..
c:l't 6 Listen again and answer the questions.
1 A In the astronomy article, what did scientists
internet websites and apps
see on Mars?
other sources
B Why might NASA want to keep the story
Which sources of information above do you believe secret? ')\
the most? Why do you think they are better than 2 A Who did the article say the actor had marrie~
other sources? B Why was it impossible for them to be married?

Read the text quickly, Match the questions (a-e)

3 A Why didn't the company like the phrase
'strange pink liquid'?
©
to the ex_pert's answers. B What happened after the report was shown
a Why do people create fake news? on TV?
b How can we avoid or identify fake news? 4 A What health products are fake stories often
c Is fake news only a recent problem? about?
d What other negative effects can fake news have? B What are the fake news writers really trying
e What does the phrase 'fake news' mean? todol

0 3 Match the sentences to similar ideas in the

introduction and paragraphs 1- 5. 0 7 Complete the Useful language phrases with the
words in the box.

1 New technology, like the internet, makes it easier discuss issue serious
cases
to share fake news. share solution
2 You should always check the facts if a news story
sounds false,
3 We can get information about the news from lots USEFUL LANGUAGE
of places.
Discussing a problem
4 Fake news stories can change opinions about
people and companies. 1 It can be a problem,
S A fake story can become famous if lots of people 2 There have been many ____ • of this,
share it on line. 3 It's q uite an i mportant ____ ,
6 Some websites use fake news to get more 4 We need a _____ to this problem,
visitors and make money, 5 People shouldn't --•--·· fake news.
6 It'd be good to _ it at school.
 arou nd
We nee d to kno w wha t's hap pen ing
e are man y way s
us in the wor ld, and ther

FAKE NEWS
t med ia, such
to get new s. We can read prin
we can
as new spap ers and mag azin es, or
US<> digi tal med ia, like TV
and the inte rnet .
abo ut
How ever , we hav e to thin k care fully
ide and
the Info rma tion t hos e sou rces prov
G ET TH E R EA L FA C TS ! wat ch out for a prob lem call ed 'fak e new s' .

- - - - - -·
.,
Wne,, people talk obou t fake news,
stori es ~rat v-e s o n , ~
example, a wftbsite might post
fif'd ,n the
information obout a famous cekt
I med
m19h1 be shared on socio
false .
peop le ~ c1l1 that 'rs
they meon false - .,·
ti,,
mcd..a. f or
amd c w,th fatw -- -- --
brity. Then the s-tory
Th• phra1-e 'fake news• isn't new. In
lact. it's l'l'\O<e thain
ia l!nd 90 viral before and folst> storle-s
100 yea, , old, And of cou(Se, ,um ou~
g 009 uase !
t.lve ex steel S1n<e peop le s,an ed usin
g more common today
However, fake news is boc<Jinin
tKh oo'o gy mak es c;om r,,unical on
beca use ,rrorle"ll
faster t:11\d eosier thon before.

es to have
In somo cases, peo ple invent fake stori
lo'<-~ . bo! fake now s CM also be used
fun ano mak e
to get att@nt1on. For exam ple, web
5itcts migh t us@
fa'ite h&a dlin n to attra.c l mor e rud er, so thoy can
news gets Another nega,;,,, •f'e a ol lake ""'" ' is that
earn more money. In somo cases, fake people can stop vusting the media because-
news.. and that $ nol funny! .
mor e t1ttcmion th.iv, reat
WHAT'S Ill they don' t know who is real y telling "1e IN1h
Fako ne\VS st°'ie s r.:a!l also ~ 9Q the imago
OUR f00D1 of• person "' company. F0< ins,ance, a
folc
that
story about a mstaurM t covk:I s-uggest
arly,
it> lood 0$ unhe,ilthy O< dange,ou,. Simil
fa\c:e news abou t ot'hQr cultures mak es ©<
p,,op .e feel nogauve y about d,em and
To protect yourseff againlt fa'<• new
, stocicQ, ask chaogo1 public opinion.
fou, ques 11on s: who , wlla t. whe re ood ..try
yourself
Who \'ll'Ote the stoty ? Aro they expe
, ts on the
Do you tn..J!.il them to t&II the truth ?
:..&ue?
facts ,.;,ti
What do othe r peop le say? Ched< the
t
othe r &<>urces and people thot you trus
ut fake
you f:nd it Org anis e an info rma tion cam paig n abo
Whent has this story c:ippeared? 0-d r scho ol. Use the ques tion s to help
the truth ? new s for you
on a ,.-«>Site lhat uiUaJly tells you plan you r cam paig n.
joke or is
Why has this story appeared? ti it a clear way?
r g to do? Can you define fake new~ in a simp le,
rt serious? What IS the write tr)'ln
es in your
• Have there been any fake news ston
i befo 10 area?
Thinlc- carefully aboot these ques.tietl
But s so easily?
you shore ,any news on socia l med ia.
• Why do some poople believe fake new
Som e peo ple tell g prop lo avoid or iden tify fako
don' t be too nega tive. • How CM youn
the truth! news?
notice fake news?
• How can schools help students
pmg fake
• How can websites be useful for stop
news?
Accress Pippa Cox says disp lay it in
Pres ent you r wor k to the class. The n
she hates her funs your scho ol.

IDENTIFYIH RELIABU NEWS 117

 VOCABULARY GRAMMAR

0 1 Choose the odd one out in each group of words. Explain

your answer.
Read the first sentence. Then complete
the second sentence using the verbs in
t he box.
l novel biography author e-book
2 actor audience painter writer
3 sticker painting poetry sculpture advised asked persuaded
4 artist director studio poet ordered warned
s article gallery notice brochure
0 'You should publish that story.'

0 2 Complete the jobs with the missing vowels. Then answer

the questions.
His friends advised him to eJJ.blish the
story.
1 'Sit down!'
b _ bys _ tt _ r pr _ s_ nt _ r The teacher the students
r _r _ r _ ght _ r j __ m_l_st
rch t ct ph _rm _ c _st 2 'Be careM when you do question five.'
The teacher the students
Who ... _____ with question five.
l has the most dangerous job? 3 (Can you help me?'
2 works with children? Harry _____ Charlotte _ _ _ him.
3 writes about the news? 4 'You really should enter the art
4 designs buildings? competition.'
S introduces radio or TV shows? My mum me the art
6 sells medicines? competition.

0 3 Complete the words in the mini~conversations.

1 A: We have to finish this essay by tomorrow but I'm so

tired. I keep losing my c_ _ and I can't think of
Complete the sentences. Use the second
conditional form of the verbs.
O My cousins don't live near me, so I
anything to write! don't see them.
B: Your problem isn't being tired, you just need to pay If my cousins lived near me, . ..
more a in class. I would see Chem.
2 C: So what do you want ror your birthday? Give us a 1 Marcia doesn't invite me to her parties,

0
h_ _ _
D: No way, I want a surprise. You know me well enough,
just use your i __ •••••. ·
3 E: I have £12 to spend but I can't make up my m ••
what to buy. I was going to get a poster for my room
but now I'm having second t ...
F: Hey, I've just had a t ____. What about one or
these graphic n____ ? The plots are supposed to
be amazing.
so I don't invite her to mine.
If Marcia invited me to her parties, ...
©
2 They talk all the time, so they're always
in trouble.
They wouldn't always be in trouble if ...
3 I never do exercise, so I'm not fit.
If I did exercise, ...
4 He doesn't work hard, so he never gets
good marks.
He'd get eood marks if ...

0 4 Complete the sentences. Use the noun or adjective form

of the words in brackets.
5 She doesn't like TV, so she plays
computer games all the time.
If she liked TV, ...
-al -er -ist -or
l Katy doesn't eat meat. She's .. _ _ _ . (vegetable)
2 There's a new ____ on this site who is really funny.
(blog)
3 t love the soundtrack to that film, but the acting isn't
very • _ . (nature)
4 My sister is a brilliant ____. (piano)
s How many ____ are there in this year's marathon?
(compete)
6 I've hurt my leg. It's really _____• (pain)

f REVIEW 5
0 3 Complete the second sentence so that it means the same as the first. Use no more than three words.
1 Leonardo da Vinci painted the Mona Lisa.
The Mono liso was ____ Leonardo da Vinci.
2 In 2017, a collector sold Solvotor Muodi by da Vinci for US$400 million!
In 2017, Salvacor Mundi by da Vinci ____ for USS400 million!
3 ' I can't imagine lire without my phone,' said Nina.
Ni na said ____ life w ithout her phone.
4 I don't think you should paint your bedroom black.
If I were you, I your bedroom black.
s Joe said he was going to the exhibition later.
'I ____ the exhibition later; said Joe.

0 4 Choose the correct words.

t:}l 1The teacher asked I asked Co us to work together.
2 If they would want I wonted to watch a film, they'd need to use my spare screen.
3 I wanted to soy f cell you that I have a new game.
4 This series wos f is filmed in 2017.

0 S Correct the mistake in each sentence.

G; l The driver stopped the bus and warns Lisa to sit down.
2 If you came with me to the concert, it will be more fun for me.
3 Someone tells us it was too late to get a bus.
4 The medicine was tasted horrible but it made me feel better.

0 Choose t he correct word for each space. For each question,

choose A 1 B, C or D.

Many teenagers dream of be<oming celebritie, - do you?

If you have a , ____ talent for acting, dancing or sing ing, why
not anend our two-week course an d develop all three! Students
are taught in small g roups to allow you to :! progress
quickly. For the firsl ~ He~ days, you will concE::!n lfal'e o n the three
ar'«a>as- acting, dancing and sil"lging - w ith ti rull d ay fo r' 8'ach skill.
Tho rest of the courso is all ab out the challc.ngcs of performing live.
O n the final afternoon, you w ill take:. ____ in a show in front of a
, ea!' ______, which is always ex.citing, Past srude-nts 5 _ _ _ _ it's
the most fvn they've ever had.
The course suirts on 15th July and there Qre t en six-hour classes
altogether. To book, simply complete your details on the o ther side
o f this 6 and send it in!

1 A central B cultural C natural D traditional

2 A do B get C have D make
3 A away B back C off D part
4 A audience B character C presenter o performer
s A say B speak C talk D tell
6 A advert B paper C novel D sticker
 GRAMMAR, PAGE 12 VOCABULARY, PAGE 20

0 8 Make questions with the present simple or

present continuous. Then ask and answer them.
l What subjects/ you/ study/ this year?
5 Quiz answers
2 What/ you/ do / after school / today?
3 you/ own / more than one mobile phone?
4 What TV programmes/ you/ watch/ every
week?
5 you I prefer/ playing sport or watching TV?
6 What/ you/ like/ doing on Sundays?
7 What/ music/ you/ listen to/ regularly?
8 you/ have/ a party for your next birthday?
VOCABDLARY, PAGE 12
3 Discuss these questions.
l Oo you ever get impatient with anyone?
2 Are you ever unkind to people? Who?
3 Oo you think you're generally lucky or unlucky?
4 Do you think your parents are sometimes unfair?
S Oo you think you're an independent person?
6 How often arc you unwell?
VOCABULARY, PAGE 16
l In England, the majority of children start school
the September before their fifth birthday.
However, education is not obligatory until the
ageoffive.
2 In Belgium and Germany, students cannot leave
school until they are 18.
3 I n some states in the USA, the youngest age you
can get a driving licence is 14. However, there
are often a lot of rules for drivers of this age. For
example, in South Dakota young drivers cannot
drive between 10 pm and 6 am.
4 In England, 33% of young people go to university
after leaving school. Around 6% of these
students tcave university before they get a
degree. The most common reason for leaving is
that students don't have enough money.
s In almost all European countries, women leave
home before men. In Italy, over 50% of men
leave home in their thirties.
6 In the UK, you can get a job at the age of 13. You
can work a ma><imum of 12 hours a week and 25
hours a week in the holidays.
7 In Spain, the average age at which women and
men marry is 33. In India it is 22. In Japan it is 28.
8 In Brazil> the minimum voting age is 16, Betwee n

In pairs, write as many sentences as possible

the ages of 18 and 70 in Brazil, it is obligatory
to vote. 0 )

using the adverb forms of the adjectives in t he

box. You have a time limit of five minutes! VOCABULARY, PAGE 22

accurate amazing beaut iful brave

dangerous early easy excited 3 Complete the sentences with your own ideas.
Then compare your answers with a partner.
happy hard last perfect safe
secret urgent l I never have enough ____•
2 I don't ____ because I'm too ____.
We met secrerly. 3 My parents sometimes aren't __ _ _ enough.
4 I'm ______ enough to _____ .
Compare your sentences w ith other pairs, Who
s Our school isn't enough and it's too
has the most sentences?

/ 120 EXTRA ACTIVITIES

 VOCABULARY, PAGE 26 VOCABULARY, PAGE 38

~ 3 Student A 3 Ask and answer the questions with a partner.

Read the instructions and play the game. 1 Where's the nearest post box to your home?
2 What's the speed limit near your school? Is it
a You are going to explain some words in English too high?
without saying the word itself. Student B has to 3 How often do cars stop at pedestrian crossings?
guess each word. Student B can ask questions. 4 What do you do while you are waiting at bus stops?
b Read the example. S How many recycling bins are there in your school?
c You have a time limit of five minutes! How many
6 How many different types of road sign can you
can you explain?
think of?
8 tfflil~€1' 4 rugby
l coach 5 athletics
2 exercise 6 match (noun) VOCABULARY, PAGE 44
3 fit (adjective) 7 squash
Example: A 4
A: This is a noun far a person. They help sports
players.
(fl, Student A
In pairs, put your sentences and Student B's
B: Is It a manager? sentences in the correct order to form a story.
A: No. They help che players to get bet/er ot their Don't look at each other's sentences. Read the
sport. story together and check.
B:A caoch? a on very well - in fact, they fell in love. They
A: No, but it's vet)' sirnilar to a coach.' knew that their relationship would be difficult,
B: A trainer? because Juliet was a Capulet and Romeo was a
A: Yes! Montague, and their families would never make
Listen to Student Band guess the words. You b Once upon a time, in a town called Verona in
can ask questions. You have a time limit of five Italy, there were two families, the Montagues aGnd
minutes! How many words can Student B explain? the Capulets. The families had )
c out many years ago. One day, a young man fro
the Montague family called Romeo was hanging
d round to their house for a party. so Romeo an/t;\
VOCABULARY, PAGE 34 his friends decided to go in masks. Then Rom~
could get
e up because their love was perfect. They wanted
4 Ask and answer the questions with a partner. to be together and look
1 Do you and your friends buy each other birthday
Read the story together and discuss how you
presents?
2 Do you usually enjoy yourself at parties?
think the story ends.
3 How do you and your friends greet each other in
the mornings?
4 Are you good at introducing yourself to new VOCABULARY, PAGE 48
people?
s Have you ever taught yourself a new skill?
6 Do you and your teachers email each other? In pairs. write as many sentences as possible
using the phrasal verbs in the box. You have a
time limit of three minutes!

check in get back get in go away

look around pick up set off take off

My mum picks vp my dod ii he works lote.

Compare your sentences with other pairs. Who

has the most correct sentences?

EXTRA ACTIVITIES ~
 VOCABULARY, PAGE 54 VOCABULARY, PAGE 56 0
4 Key for quiz 3 Ask and answer the questions with a partner.
Mostly a) answers: You think very carefully about 1 Do you think museums should charge for
what you spend your money on and you probably admission or be free? Why?
find all the best offers. But are you too careful? 2 What's the most you've paid for a small bottle
Money isn't the most important thing in life! of water?
3 How much does it cost to go to the cinema in
Mostly b) answers: The way you think about money
your town or city?
is probably just right. You don't waste it , but you
4 Will pay be important to you in your future
don't let it control your life.
choice of job?
Mostly c) answers: You need to start t hinking about s Do you know the cost of a typical nat or house in
money or you're going to be short of cash your your area?
whole life! You don't hove u, spend everything you 6 Have you ever eaten at a restaurant free of
have. What about saving a bit? charge?

GRAMMAR, PAGE 54i VOCABULARY, PASE 60

4 3
0 Complete the questions with the correct past
participles. Then complete the table for you with
✓ (Yes) or X ( No).
Work in pairs. Check you understand the meaning
of the i tems.
Student A
Have you ever ... You Your Choose an item to describe using look, taste or
partner smell. Use the adjectives or your own ideas.
I ~oLd_ (sell) anything Student B
online? Can you guess what your partner is describing?
• __ (lend) anyone any Items
money?
a chilli a flower an ice lolly
' - (take) anything fireworks honey mustard
back to a shop?
(lose) your phone?
strawberries ©
'
Adjectives
'change
_ _ (receive) too much
in a shop? amazing delicious disgusting
' ____ (regret) buying
anythi!:'_g?
1 _____ (buy) anything you

can't afford?
-____
• - (save) up to buy
--
f-
freezing
spicy
fresh
sweet
juicy soft

anything?

Ask and answer the? questions in Exercise 4.

Complete the table for your partner.
A; Hove you ever sold anything online?
B: Yes, I have. Lots of times.

/ 122 EXTRA ACTIVITIES

 VOCABULARY, PAGE 66 VOCABULARY, PAGE 78

4 Student A
Say the sentence and act the injury. Student B has
O 3 Complete the sentences with the -ed or -;ng
adjective form of the words. Then write two more
questions using -ed or -ing adjectives. In pairs, ask
to guess what's wrong. (Student B can only ask
and answer the quest.ions.
questions that have Yes/No answers.)
1 Which day of your week is the most· - - - -
Say: ~aw. my head!"
{tire)?
Act: Put one hand over your right eye and 2 What's the most ____ {disgust) thing you've
moan with pain.
ever eaten?
Answer: You walked into a door and cut your
3 Which school subject do you find the most
forehead. ____ (confuse)?
B: Hove you got a fever? 4 What's the most ____ (amaze) fact you
A: No, I haven't. l<now?
s Who was the last person you got ____ _
Guess what's wrong with Student B. You can only {annoy) with?
ask questions t hat have Yes/Wo answers. 6 When was the last time you felt completely
_ (relax)?
Take turns to invent and act out more illnesses
7 How often do you feel _ _ (embarrass) by
and injuries.
your parents?
8 What's the most ____ (worry) thing
happening in the world al the moment?
VOCABULARY, PAIIE 10

2 Photo A is the eye of a goat. Photo B is a horse's

VOCABULARY, PAIIE 82 0
foot.

~ VOCABULAR~PA6E7_D_ _ o
4 In pairs, write a few sentences about the words in
the box, w ithout actually using the words. 0
ciip character plot review

Q StudentA
series

Example: dip
soundtrack trailer
©
Write ten sentences about yourself, your family, This is a short vldeo that comes from a longer show
friends or where you live. Five sentences should or film.
be true and five sentences should be false. You can watch it on your phone or on your computer.
My family originally comes from .... Usually they show the best ports of o show or film.
My brother can speak
Take turns to read your sentences to other pairs of
Read your sentences one at a time. Student B has students. How quickly can they guess the word?
to guess which are true and which are false using A: This js a short vjdeo lflot comes from a longer
adverbs of probability. show or mm.
A: My family origmolly comes from Ireland. 8: Is it a trailer?
B: That's definitely not true! You have a Spanish A: No. You con watch it on your phone or ...
surname, ~o you must come from a Spaflish· B: Is it n clip?
speaking cot1ntf';. Perhaps your family originally A: Yes!
comes from Spain.
A: You're right! I No, my family originally comes
from Colomb;o.
Usten to Student B's sentences. Guess which
are true and which are false using adverbs of
probability: definitely (not), perhaps, probably.

EXTRA ACTIVITIES 123 \

 >> EXTRA ACTIVITIE_S _ __

NIT I SPEAKING, PAGE 71

• Take turns to describe the photo. Use phrases from the Prepare to speak box.

GRAMMAR, PAGE 88 VOCABULARY, PAGE 88 Q; 0

01 The most common type of program that people
download is anti-virus software. This is software
3 Take turns to mime an activity using the verbs©
Box A and the words in Box 8. Can your pa rtner
to check for computer viruses. guess what you are doing?
2 The most common passwords are often
quite simple. Many people just use the word '11ookup plug in shut down
'password' or the numbers • 123456'. switch/ turn off switch/ turn on tum down
3 This will change every year, butin 2017, the turn up take out
top ten included the Hollywood actors Meghan
Markle and Gal Gadot.
4 This figure is increasing every year, but in 2017,
we spent more than S200 billion on apps.
a your fitness tracker
a hairdryer
your games console
your laptop
s Most smartphones are made in China, South a light the TV
Korea and India. your phone a printer
a memory card from a phone
the weather on your phone

/ 124 EXTRA ACTIVITIES

 VOCABULARY, PAGE 92 VOCABULARY, PAGE 110

3 In pairs, write sentences using the phrasal verbs

in the box.
(0 3 Student A
Complete the questions using soy, speak, talk and
tell. Then ask Student B the questions.
add up blow up carry out
cut up take away work out 1 How many languages can you ____?
2 Can you _ me what your favourite film is?
3 Can you the alphabet backwards in
Act them out. Can the class guess your sentences? English?
4 Which celebrity would you most like to ___ _
lo? Why?
VOCABULARY, PAGE 100 s Who do you ____ to w hen you're in trouble?
6 Can you ______ the English equivalent of your
name. or any of your friends' names?
3
0 StudentA
Complete the questions using adjectives formed
from the nouns in the box. Then ask Student B the
Answer Student B's questions.

questions.
VOCABULARY, PAGE 114
digit hope music person
profession use 3 Write two sentences for each of 1-3 below, Use
the ideas in the box or your own.
1 What . . device could you not live w ithout?
2 Can you play any ____ instruments? 1 You're looki ng at ...
3 Oo you tell your friends about your problems, or 2 You've just seen ...
keep _ _ _ issues to yourself? 3 You're watching •••
4 Would you like to be a ____ artist or

© musician? Why? /Why not?

5 What's the most _ _ _ advice you've ever
received?
a famous actor in the street.
someone steal a car.
a fly in your meal at a restaurant.
0
a poster about a concert.
0 6 What things do you feel most
the future?
about in
the pictures in a recipe book. ©
a soap opera.
Answer Student B's questions. an incredibly exciting football match.
an eagle in the sky.
a clip from your favorite n, show.
VOCABULARY, PAGE 1D4 a school notice about exam results.

Work in pairs. Take t urns to mime one of your

3 Work in pairs. Check you understand the meaning
sentences. Can your partner guess your sentence
of the words in the box.
exactly1

an actor an artist an author

a banker a composer a baker
a dentist a driver an electrician
a film director a headteacher a musician
a pianist a pol itician

Take turns to mime a person in the box. Can you/

your partner guess all the words in two minutes?

EXTRA ACTIVITIES 125 \

 VOCABULARY, PAGE 26 VOCABULARY, PAGE 44

Student B Student B

Read the instructions and play the game.
a You are going to listen to Student A explain
some words in English without saying the word
itself. You have to guess each word. You can ask
questions.
b Read the example.
c You have a time limit of five minutes! How many
can Student A explain?
Example:
A: This is o noun for o person. 7/ley help sports
players.
B: Is it a manager?
A: No. They help the players to get better ot their
sport.
B: A coach?
A: NO; but it's very similar too cooch.'
B: A trainer?
A: Yes!
Explain these words without saying the word
itself. Student A has to guess each word. You have
a time limit of five minutes! How many can you
explain?
In pairs, put your sentences and Student f>ls
sentences in the correct order to form a story.
Don't look at each other's sentences. Read the
story together and check.
f after each other forever. So, the day after the
party, they got married in secret.
g arguments and fought all the time. No one can
remember exactly why, but the two families fell
h out with his friends in Verona when they heard
about a party at the Capulets' house. Romeo
loved a Capulet girl called Rosaline, so he
wanted to go to the party to see her. But the
Capulets would never let a Montague come
together w ith Rosaline and the Capulets would
never know. At the party, Romeo didn't speak
to Rosaline. Instead, he met a girl called Juliet.
Romeo and Juliet got
up and accept their relationship. After the party,
Romeo went into the garden and talked ,o Juliet
through her bedroom window. 'But, soft!' he
said. 'What light through yonder window breaks?
It is the east, and Juliet is the sun.' They knew
they'd never split

!Hf~, Read the story together and discuss how you

1 BMX think the story ends.
2 champion
3 jogging
4 point (noun)
5 train (verb)
VOCABULARY, PAGE 66
6 windsurfing
7 work out (noun)
4 Student B

• Guess what's wrong with Student A. You can only

ask questions that have Yes/No answers.
• Say the sentence and act the illness. Student A
has to guess what's wrong. (Student A can only
ask questions that have Yes/No answers.)
Say: 'Oh, I feel terrible!'
Act: Fold your arms, lean forward with your
eyes closed and moan.
Answer: You feel very sick.

8: Hove you injured your arm?

A: No. I haven't.

• Take turns to invent and act out more illnesses

and injuries.

/ 126 EXTRA ACTIVITIES

 VOCABULARY, PAGE 70 VOCABULARY, PAGE 110

3 Student B
Write ten sentences about yourself, your family,
O3
friends or where you live. Five sentences should
be true and five sentences should be false.
My famUy originally comes from ....
My brother can speak ... .
Listen to Student A's sentences. Guess which
are true and which are false using adverbs of
probability: definitely (not}, perhaps, probably.
A: My family originally comes from lrc/ond.
B: That's definitely not true! You have o Spanish
surname, so you must come from a Spanish-
speaking country. Perhaps your family origmolly
comes from Spain.
A: You're righr! ! No, my family originally comes from
Mexico.
Read your sentences one at a time. Student A has
to guess which are true and which are false using
adverbs of probability.
VOCABULARY, PAGE 100
Student B
Complete t he questions using adjectives formed
from the nouns in the box. Then ask Student A t he
questions.
Student B
Complete the questions using the correct form of
soy. speak, talk and tell.
1 What would you do ifsomeonewas ____
during a film at the cinema?
2 Have you ever ~ your best friend your
most secret of secrets?
3 What would you ____ if you saw someone
stealing in a shop?
4 Can you ____ any other languages apart
from English'
s What do you ____ aboutwhenthere'sagap
in a conversation?
6 Can you _____ the names of any American
states/ British cities? How many?
Answer Student A's questions.
Now ask Student A your questions in Exercise 1.
SPEAKING, PAGE 115 Q
5 Answers to quiz
1 A and C. In 1889, the Eiffel tower was finished
and the company Nintendo was started. At thaV"
n)
time, Nintendo made card games.
Contact lenses were invented by Leonardo Oa/7\
Vinci in around 1508. But they weren't actuall~
produced until 1888 in Germany.

environment 2 A is true in Queensland. In this area or Australia,

culture help music
stress tradition rabbits cause a tot of damage in the wild.
There is also a 2,000-mile fence around this
1 Can you cook any _____ dishes from your area to stop animals like rabbits getting into
country or region? Queensland.
2 Can you play any instrllments, or aren't you very 8 is true in parts of the USA.
C was true until 2017 in Switzerland.
3 Are you worried about _____ issues like global 3 A and C. The police first thought the painting
warming? was stolen by Guillaume Apollinaire, a French
4 Oo you like TV shows about art and poet and a friend of the Spanish painter, Picasso.
literature? They also believed that Picasso was involved.
5 What's the most ___ advice you•ve ever
received? 4 C In theory, if you could fold a piece of paper
6 Have you been in any _ _ _ situations 42 times. it would be thick enough to reach the
recently? What happened? moon. However, it is almost impossible to fold a
piece of paper more than seven times.
Answer Student A's questions. 5 A and B. They were both born in 1926. Pele was
born in 1940.

EXTRA ACTIVITIES 127 \

 ~ VOCABULARY LIS=--=---
T_____
odj - adjective adv" adverb PREFIXES: UN-, Ill-, /tf.
n = noun v= verb pv = phrasal verb impatient /m1'pe1Jant/ odj easily annoyed by
pm = pronoun phr = phrnsc someone's mistakes or because you have to wait
1
impolite i ,1mpal a1t/ adj not polite
impossible /rrn'posabl/ odj ii an action or event is
impossible, it cannot happen or be done.
UNIT 1 incorrect / 1rnkar'ekt/ adj not correct
independent /,tndl'pendanl{ odj not wanting or
DESCRIBING PEOPLE needing anyone el se to help you or do things for you
inexpensive /,m ,k'spensTV/ adj cheap but of good
attractive /a'tr;r,ktJY/ adj beautiful or pleasant to look at quality
bald /bo:ld/ adj with little or no hair invisible jin'vuabl/ adj Someone or something that is
blonde /blond/ adj Blonde hair is pale yellow. invisible cannot be seen.
careful f'keafal/ adj giving a lot or attention to what you unfair f, nfea/ adj not treating people in an equal way
are doing so that you do not have an accident, make a unfriendly /An'frendli/ adj not friendly
mistake. or damage something
unheal thy /M 'hel€1i/ adj likely to damage your health
careless / 'kealas/ adj not taking or showing enough
unkind /, n'kamd/ adj slightly cruel
care and attention
unknown /An'naun/ adj not known
cheerful / 'tf1afal/ adj happy
unlucky /An'IAki/ adj having or causing bad luck
confident / 'konhdanV adj certain about your ability to
do things well unti dy /, n'ta1di/ adj not tidy
curly f k.3:li/ adj shaped like a curl, or with many curls unwell ; , n'wel/ adj sick
dark ; do:k/ adj nearer to black than white in colour
elderly f'eldali/ odj a more polite word for 'old', used to
describe people UNIT 2
fair /fea/ adj having pale skin or a light colour of hair
funny / fAni/ adj making you smile or laugh CLOTHES: ADJECTIVES
friendly rtrendli/ odj behaving in a pleasant, kind way
oward~~omeone badly-dressed /,ba,dli'drest/ adj wearing clothes that

© ood-looking /,god'lokuJ/ adj If so_

meone is
good-looking, they have an attractive face.
are not attractive or are of poor quality
brand new /bramd nju:/ adj completely new
casual j'ka?3jual/ adj Casual clothing is comfortable and
0 )

A •ndsome f'h;r,nsam/ adj A handsome man is

"3ltractive.
in his/her early t hirties /m hrz/har '3:li '8J:tizj phr
aged between 30 and 34
middle-aged /,mIdl'e1d3d/ adj in t he middle of your tile
before you are old
miserable / mmabl/ adj very sad
polite /pa'la,t/ adj behaving in a way that is not rude
and shows that you do not only think about yourself
pretty fpnti/ odj If a woman or girl is pretty, she is
attrilctive.
rude /ru :d/ adj behaving in a way t hat is not polite and
upsets people
serious /'srarias/ adj A serious person is quiet and does
not l augh oft en.
shy /Ja1/ adj not confident, especially about meeting or
t alking to new people
straight /stre1t/ odj not curly
teenage ,'ti:ne1d3/ adj aged between 13 and 19 or
suitable for people of that age
unfriendly ; , n'frendli/ adj not friendly
not suitable for formal occasions. . ©
comfortable fk/\lllftabl/ odj Comfortable furniture,
clothes, rooms, etc. make you feel relaxed and do not
cause any pain.
loose-fitting /,lu:s'flt.11")/ adj Loose-fitting clothing is
quite large and does not fit tightly.
second-hand /,sekand'h;r,nd/ odj If something i s
second-hand, someone else owned or used it before
you.
skinny fskmi/ adj narrow and fitting closely to the body
smart f sma:tj adj If you look smart or your clothes are
smart, you look clean and tidy.
trendy /trendi/ adj fashionable at the moment
uncomfortable / An'kllmftabl/ adj not feeling
comfortable and pleasant, or not making you feel
comfortable and pleasant
unfashionable /An'fa,J;mabl/ adj not fashionable or
popular at a particular time
well-dressed /,wel'd restj odj wearing attractive, good
quali ty clothes

128 VOCABULARY LIST

 ADVERBS
amazingly /a'mem~li/ odv in an amazing way
badly /'ba,dli/ odv in a bad way
carefully fkeafali/ adv in a careful way
early /'J:lif adv near t he beginning of a period of time,
or before the usual, expected, or planned time
fast /fo:sl/ adv in a quick way
healthily / 'hel9ali/ adv in a healthy way
heavily /'hevali/ adv to a great degree
honestly /'on,stli/ adv in an honest way
lazily /'lerzali/ adv in a lazy way
luckily /IAkali/ adv in a lucky way; fortunately
pol itely / p~'lartli/ adv in a polite way
quickly /'kwrkli/ odv fast or in a short time
rudely /ru:dli/ adv in a rude way
seriously /'s1ari~sli/ odv in a serious way
well /wel/ odv in a good way
UNIT 3
LIFE EVENTS
be born / bi: b:,;n/ v When a person or animal is born,
they come out of their mother's body and start to exist.
get a degree /get.> d1'gri:/ phrget a qualification given
for completing a university course
et a driving licence /get a 'draIVI~ ,larsans/ phr get a
© ocument which gives official permission to drive a car,
eceived after passing a driving test
Aet a job / get a d3ob/ phr to find regular work in order
l!Jearn money
get married /get 'mairid/ v to begin a legal relationship
with someone as their husband or wife
go to university / gao ta ,jo:ni'v,:sati/ phrto go
regularly to a place where students study at a high level
to get a degree
have children / haiv 'tfrldran/ phrto become a parent
leave home / li:v haum/ phr to stop living with your
parents
leave school /li:v sku:1/ phr to stop going to school
fo rever
move horn~ / mu:v haom/ phr to leave your home in
order to live in a new one
retire /rr'tara/ v to leave your j ob and stop wor1<ing,
usually because you are old
st art schoo l / sta :I sku :lj phr to begin going to school
vote /vaut/ v to show your choice or opinion in an
el ection by writing a cross on an official piece of paper
TOO, ENOU&H, NOT ENOU&H
enough /I'nAf/ odv as much as is necessary
not enough /not f nAf/ adv less than is necessart
too /lo:/ adv used before adjectives and adverbs to
mean 'more than is allowed, necessary, possible, etc.'
UNIT 4
SPORTS
athletics / a!0'leUks/ n the sports lhat include running,
jumping, and throwing
boxing /'boks1~/ 11 a sport in which two people hit each
other while wearing big, leather gloves (= pieces of
clothing for your hands)
climbing fklaim uJ/ n the sport o f climbing mountains,
hills, or rocks
cycling /'sarkhlJ/ n the sport or activity of riding
a bicycle
gymnastics /d31m·n~shks/ n a sport in which you do
physical exercises on the floor and on different pieces
of equipment, often in competitions
ice hockey j'a1s hoki/ n a sport played on ice in which
two teams try to hit a small hard object into a goal
using long curved sticks
ice skating /'aIS skem~/ n the activity o r sport of
moving across ice using ice skates
jogging /d3091~/ n to run slowly for exercise n
0
rugby / 'rAgbi/ n a sport played by two teams with an
oval ball and H-shaped goals
squash / skwoJ/ 11 a sport in which two people hit a ©<
small rubber ball against the four walls of a room
surfing /"S3~h()/ n the sport of riding on a ·wave on a
special board
swimming fsw 1mr~/ n the activity of moving through
water by moving your body
table tennis / te1bl ten1s/ n a sport in which two or four
people hit a small ball over a low net on a large table
tennis /'tenrs/ 11 a sport in which two or four people hit
a small ball to each other over a net
volleyball f'volib,:lf n a sport in which two teams use
their hands to hit a ball over a net without allowing i t to
touch the ground
w indsurfing /'wmdsJ:ft']/ n a sport in which you sail
across water by standing on a board and holding onto
a large sail
VOCABULARY LIST 129
 G» VOCABULARY .LIS
. : :.:.__T_______
WORDS WITH DIFFERENT MEANINGS
coach /kautJ/ " a comfortable bus used to take groups
of people on journeys
coach /kautJ/ n someone whose job is to teach people
to improve at a sport, skill, or school subject
exercise j'eksasa12/ n physical activity that you do to
make your body strong and healthy
exercise /eksasau/ n a piece of written work that helps
you learn something
fit /fn/ adj healthy and strong, especially as a result
of exercise
fit /frt/ v to be the right size or shape for someone or
something
match /m'1!tf/ n a sports competition in which two
people or teams compete against each other
match /mretf/ v If two things match, ,hey are the same
colour or type
point /p,int/ n a unit used for showing who is winning
in a game or competition
point /p:)Jnt/ v to show where someone or something is
by holding your finger or a thin object towards it
train / trem/ n a long, thin vehicle that travels along
metal tracks and carries people or goods
train /trem/ v to practise a sport or exercise, often
in order to prcparn for a sporting event, or to help
someone to do this
trainer /trema/ n a type or light comfortable shoe that
is suitable for playing sport
rainer /'trema/ n a person who teaches skills to people
© r animals and prepares them for a job, activity or sport
work out /w3:k 'aut/ pv to find the answer to a problem
ork out /w3:k 1aut/ pv to do exercises to make your
~
~ dy stronger
UNIT5
CRIMES AND CRIMINALS
burgl ar j'bJ:gla/ n someone who gets into buildings
illegally and steals things
burgl ary fb;;glari/ n the crime of getting into a building
illegally and stealing things
hacker i'ha?ka/ n someone who illegally gets into
someone else's computer system
hacking /'hrek,~/ n the activity of using a computer
illegally to get into another computer system to
read the information kept there, or to spread a
computer virus
pickpocket / p1k1pok1t/ n someone who steals things
from peopte 1s pockets or bags
pickpocketing fp1k,pokrt1~/ n the crime or stealing
things out of people's pockets or bags, especially in
a crowd
130 VOCABULARY LIST
rob /rob/ v to take money or things from someone or
somewhere without their permission
shoplifter f1oplrf~/ n someone who steals things from
a shop
shoplifting / Joplrftr~/ n the crime of stealing things
from a shop
steal /sti:1/ vto take something that belongs to
someone else without their permission
theft / 0eft/ n the action or crime of stealing something
thief / 0i:f/ n someone who steals things
vandal / 'vfJ!ndal/ n someone who intentionally
damages things in public places
vandalism / v~ndal rzam/ n the crime of intentionally
damaging things in public places
OURSELVES, YOURSELVES, THEMSELVES AND
EACH OTHER
each other /,i:tJ •,oar/ pm used to show that eac.h
person in a group of two or more people does
something to the others
herself /ha'self/ pm the reflexive form of the pronoun
'she'
himself /h1m'self/ pm the reflexive form of the
pronoun 'he'
itself / rl'self/ prn the reflexive form of the pronoun •jt'
myself /maJ'self/ pm the reflexive form ol the pronoun 'I'
ourselves / 1ao';?J'selvz/ pm the reflexive form of the
pronoun 'we'
themselves /Oam'selvL/ pm the reflexive form of the 0
pronoun 'they'
yourself /j,:'self/ pm the reflexive form of the pronoun
'you' (used for one person)
)
yourselves / j,:'selvz/ prn the reflexive form or the
pronoun 'you' (used for two or more people)
©
UNIT&
CITY PROBLEMS
crowds /kraudz/ n large groups of people who are
together in one place
gra ffiti / graYi:tii n writing or pictures painted on walls
and public places, usually illeg;illy
green spaces /,gri:n 'speisu/ n areas of grass, trees or
other plants in a town or city
pollution /pa'lu:Jani" damage caused to water, air, etc.
by harmful substances or waste
power cut /paua kAl/ n If there is a power cut, the
supply of electricity suddenly stops.
public transport /'pAbhk 'trrensp~:t/" a system of
vehicles such as buses and trains which operate at
regular times and that the public use
rubbish /'rAbtJ/ n things that you throw away because
you do not want them
 rush hour /'rAJ aua/ n t he t ime when a lot of people are
travelling to or from work and so roads and trains arc
very busy
traffic jam f'tra?li k d3a?m/ n a line of cars, trucks, etc.
that are moving slowly or not moving at all
COMPOUNDS: NOUN + NOUN
apartment building /~'po:tm~nt bildll)/ n a building
that is divided into apartments
bus stop /bAS stop/ n a place where buses stop to let
passengers get on or off
pedestrian crossing /pa,destrian 'kroSu)/ n a special
place on a road where traffic must stop if people want
to cross
post box /'paust boks/ n a large, metal conwiner in a
public place where you can post letters
recycling bin /,ri:'sa1khr] btri/ n a container for waste
that will be recycled, for example, paper or glass
road sign /'raud sam/ n a notice at the side or a road
which gives information, directions, a warning, etc.
speed limit /spi:d ,1Im1l/ n the fastest speed that a
vehicle is allowed to travel on a particular road
taxi rank /ta?ksi rrel)k/ n a place where you can go to
get a taxi
UNIT 7
(7\BE, DO, HAVE AJID MAKE
V be (someone's) fault /bi: 6:11/ phr If something
bad that has happened is someone's fault, they are
~ sponsible for it.
~ e annoyed (with somebody) /bi: in'1d/ phr to be
slightly angry
be on your own /bi: on jar aun/ phr to be alone
be wrong /bi: ro~/ phr to think or say something that is
not correct
do (someone) a favour / du: a 'fe1va/ phr to do
somet hing to help someone
do something /du: 'sAm8111/ phr to do an activity with
someone
have (something) in common /hrev rn 'koman/ phr to
share interests, experiences, or other characteristics
with someone or something
have an argument /hrev an 'a:gjamant/ phrto have
an angry discussion with someone in which you both
disagree
have fun /hi1!v f,n/ phr to do something that gives you
enjoyment or pleasure
have problems with somebody / hcev 'problamz w10
'sMnb~di/ phr to find someone annoying or offensive
make angry /merk 'i1!~gri/ pllr to cause someone to
become angry; to annoy someone
make friends /meLk trends/ phr to begin to know and
like someone
PHRASAL VERBS: RELATIONSHIPS
come round /kam 'raund/ pv to visit someone at
their house
fall out (wit h) /n:I 'aut/ pv to argue with someone and
stop being friendly with them
get on /get 'on/ pv Ir two or more people gel along,
they like each other and are friendly to each other.
get together /get ta'gella/ pv to meet in order to do
something or spend time together
hang out /hrel) 'aot/ pv to spend a lot of time in a
particular place or with a particular group of people
look after /luk 'o :fta/ pv to take care of someone
or something by keeping them healthy or in a good
condition
make up /me1k 't.p/ pv to become friendly with
someone again after you have argued with them
split up / split 't.p/ pv If two people split up, they end
their relationship.
UNITS
INTERNATIONAL TRAVEL
baggage j'bre9Ld3/ n all the cases and bags that you
take with you when you travel
baggage hall / 'breg1d3 hxl/ n the place at an airport
where passengers collect their luggage after their flight
boarding pass /'bo:dt~ po:s/ n a piece of paper you n
0
must show to get on an aircraft
check-in desk f tfekm desk/none of the places at an
airport where you show your ticket so that you can b h
told where you will be sitting ~
customs j 'kAstamz/ n the place where your bags are
examined when you are going into a country, to make
sure you are not carrying anything illegal
departure gate /d1'p o:tfa ge1I/ n the part of an airport
where passengerswait and then get on a particular
aircraft
passport /'po:sp) :l/ nan official document, often a
small book, that you need to enter or leave a country
passport control /'po:sp):t kan,traul/ 11 the place
where your passport is officially checked when you
enter or leave a country
queue /kju:/ n a row of people waiting for something,
one behind the other
security chock /sl'kjoarati tJek/ nan examination
before pas...c;.engcrs get on a plane to make sure they arc
not carrying anything that is dangerous
sign /sarn/ n a symbol or message in a public place that
gives information or instructions
VOCABULARY LIST 131
 G» VOCABULARY LIS=T--____
PHRASALVERBS:TRAVEL
check in / tfek 'in/ pv to go to the desk at an airport
in order to say that you have arrived and to get the
number of your seat
get back /get 'b~k/ pv to return to a place after you
have been somewhere else
get in /get ~n/ pv to succeed in entering a place,
especially a building
go away / g au a'we1/ pv to leave your home in order to
spend time in a different place, usually for a holiday
look around / luk a'raund/ pv to visit a place and look
at the things in it
pick up /p1k '11.p/ pv to collect someone who is waiting
for you, or to collect something that you have left
somewhere
set off /set 'of/ pv to start a journey
take off /terk 'of/ pv If an aircraft takes off, it begins
to fly.
UNIT 9
MONEY ANO SHOPPING
bank account /b~r)k a•kaunt/ nan arrangement with
a bank to keep your money there and take it out when
you need to
change !tfe1nd3/ n t he money that you get back when
ou pay more for something than it costs
©~
heckout /'tJekaot/ n the place in a large shop,
especially a food shop, where you pay for your goods
ve away / g r,, a'we1/ pv to give something to someone
~ithout asking for any money
price / pra1s/ n the amount of money that you pay to
buy something
receipt / n 'si:t/ n a piece of paper w hich proves that you
have paid for something
save up /se1v 'Ap/ pv to keep money so that you can
buy something with it in the future
spe<ial offer /'Spefal 'ofa/ n a price that is lower
than usual
take back / terk 'ba,kf pv to return something to the
place you borrowed or bought it from
132 VOCABULARY LIST
EASILY CONFUSED WORDS: PAY, CHARS£, COST
charge / tfo:d3/ n the amount of money that you have
to pay for something, especially for an activity or
a service
charge /lfa:d:y v to ask someone to pay an amount
of money for something, especially for an activity or
a service
cost /kost/ n the amount of money that you need to
buy or do something
cost /kostj v If something costs a particular amount of
money, you have to pay that in order to buy or do it.
pay /pc1/ n the money you receive from your employer
for doing your job
pay /pe1/ vto give money to someone because you
are buying something from them, or because you owe
Lhemmoney
UNIT 10
FOOD ANO DRINK ADJECTIVES
bitter /'brta/ adj having a strong, sharp, usually
unpleasant taste
delicious / d t hf as/ adj If food or d rink is delicious, it
smells or tastes extremely good.
disgusting /dis'gAStr~/ adj extremely unpleasant
fresh /fref / adj Fresh food has been produced or
colle<ted recently and has not been frozen, dried, etc.C D
frozen /'frauzan/ adj Frozen food has been made so
that it will fast a long time by freezing.
horrible j'horabl/ adj very unpleasant o r bad
)
juicy /'d3u :si/ adj full of juice ©
raw jn:/ adj not cooked
sour /sauai odj having a sharp, sometimes unpleasant,
taste or smell, like a lemon, and not sweet
spicy /spaisi/ adj containing strong flavours from spice
sweet /swi:t/ adj with a taste like sugar
tasty fteISti/ adj Food that is tasty has a good flavour
and is nice to eat.
LOOK, TASTE, SMELL
look / luk/ v used to describe the appearance of a
person or thing
smell /smell v to have a particular quality that people
notice by using their nose
taste /telSI/ v II rood tastes a particular way, it has
that flavour.

UNIT 11
BODY AND HEALTH
aches / e1ks/ n feelings of pain over an area of your body
which continue for a long time
ankle /a:~kl/ n the part of your leg that is just above
your foot
back / bfflk/ r, the part of your body from your shoulders
to your bottom
broken /'braokan/ adj This describes an arm/ leg, etc.
with a damaged bone.
cheek /tji:k/ n the soft part of your face below your eye
chest ftfest/ n the front of your body between your
neck and your waist
chin /tJm/ n the bottom part of your faceJ below your
mouth
cold / kauld/ n a common illness that makes you sneeze
and makes your nose produce liquid
cough / knf/ n an illness that m akes you cough a lot
cut /kAt/ 11 an injury made when the skin is cut with
somethi ng sharp
earache /'raretkj n pain in your ear
elbow {elbao/ n t he part in the middle of your arm
where it bends
fever / f i:va/ n a high body temperat ure because you
are sick
finger /'fuJga/ none of the five, long. separate parts at
{';'\the end of your hand, including your thumb
V nu /flu:/ nan illness like a very bad cold, that makes
you feel hot and weak
~ rehead /'b:hed/ n t he part of your face between your
~ es and your hair
knee / n i:/ n the middle part of your leg where it bends
neck / nek/ n t he part of the body between your head
and your shoulders
shoulder J'1ao lda/ n where your arm joins your body
nextto yourneck
sore / s~:/ adj painful, especially when touched
stomach ache /'stAmak e1k/ n pain in your stomach
throat / 0raotJ n the back part of your mouth and the
passages inside your neck
t humb / 0Am/ n t he short, thick finger o n the side o f
your hand that can touch t he top of all your other
fingers
toe / tao/n one of the five separate parts at the end of
your foot
toothache j'tu:8e1k/ n a pain in one ormore of your teeth
ILLNESSES AND INJURIES: VERBS
be sick/ill /bi: s1k/ 1I/ phr not feel well, or be suffering
from a disease
break /bretk/ v to damage a bone in your arm/leg, etc.
catch / k.etJi v to get an illness or d isease
cut /kAt/ v to injure yourself on a sharp object that
makes you bleed
feel better / li :I b et;,/ phr to feel healthy, or less sick
than before
feel ill /fi:I ti/ pl>r to not feel well
feel sore / fi:I so:/ phr If a part of your body feels sore, it
is painful, especially when you touch it or move it.
get / get/ v If you get an illness or a disease, you start to
develop it or suffer from it.
get better / get 'beta/ phr to be well again after being ill
have /h.ev/ v II you have an illness or disease, you are
suffering from it.
hurt /hJ:t/ v If ., part of yo ur body hurts, it is painful.
injure j'tnd3;J/ v to hurt a perso n, animal. or part of
your body
UNIT 12
ANIMALS
ant / flin t/ n a small, black or red insect t hat lives in
groups under the ground
bat / ba:t/ n a small animal like a mouse with wings t h n )
flies at night \_V
bee / bi :/ n a flying insect that has a yellow and black
body and makes honey 17\
butterfly /'bAtafla1/ n an insect with large, patterne ~
wings
deer /d1a/ n a large, wild animal that that has antlers
(= longhorns) if it is male
donkey / dol)ki/ 11 an animal that looks like a small
horse w ith long ears
eagle /'i:gl/ n a large, wild bird with a big, curved beak,
that hunts smaller animals
fly /flal/ n a small flying insect with two wings
fox / foks/ n a wild animal like a dog with red.brown fur,
a pointed nose, and a long, thick tail
frog / frog/ n a small, green animal with long back legs
for jumping t hat lives in or near water
mosquito /mo'ski :tau/ n a small flying insect t hat
drinks your blood
shark /Ja:k/ n a large fish with very sharp teeth
wolf /wolf/ n a w ild animal like a large dog
worm /wl:m/ n a small creature with a long, thin, soft
body and no legs that lives in the ground
VOCABULARY LIST 133
 G» VOCABULARY LIS=---T___________
ADVERBS OF PROBABILITY
definitely (defmatli/ odv used to emphasise that there
is no doubt that something is true, or will happen
definitely not fdehnatli not/ adv used to emphasise
that there is no doubt that something is not true, or will
not happen
perhaps /pa'ha!ps/ odv possibly
probably / 'probabli/ adv used to mean that something
is very likely
UNIT 13
ADJECTIVES: MOODS AND FEELINGS
amazed /a'meu d/ adj very surprised
brave /bretv/ odj showing no fear of dangerous or
difficult situations
confused /kanfju:zd/ odj unable to think clearly or to
understand something
disappointed /,d1sa·p,rnud/ adj unhappy because
someone or something was not as good as you hoped
or expected, or because something did not happen
embarrassed /1mb~rast/ adj feeling ashamed or shy
exhausted /19'n :sud/ adj very tired
grateful {'grettfal/ odj feeling or showing thanks
hopeful /'haopfal/ adj feeling positive about a future
event or situation
(';'v,roud /praud/ odj feeling very pleased about
~~mething you have done, something you own, or
someone you know
~ taxed /n'la,kst/ adj feeling happy and comfortable
~ cause nothing is worrying you
scared /skead/ adj frightened or worried
stressed /strest/ adj worried and not able to relax
ADJECTIVES: -ED OR -ING
annoyed /a'n)tdi odj slightly angry
annoying / a'nonri/ adj making you feel annoyed
bored /b,:d/ adj feeling tired and unhappy because
something is not interesting or because you have
nothing to do
boring / b:,:nl)/ adj not interesting or exciting
confused /kan'fju:zd/ adj not able to think clearly or
understand something
confusing /kanfju:i t')i adj difficult to understand
disappointed /,d1sa'p,mt1d/ adj unhappy because
something was not as good as you expected, or
because something did not happen
disappointing /,dlS<l' pimtt')/ odj making you feel
disappointed
embarras.sed /rmb~raSL/ adj feeling ashamed or shy
embarrassing /1m'ba?ras11)/ odj making you feel
embarrassed
134 VOCABULARY LIST
relaxed /n'la?kst/ adj feeling happy and comfortable
because nothing is worrying you
relaxing /n'lil?km)/ adj making you feel relaxed
t ired / tarad/ odj reeling that you want to rest or sleep
t iring /'ta1arrri/ adj making you feel tired
UNIT 14
TV AND FILM
action thriller leek/an '0nla/ n a film that has a lot of
exciting action
animation /,am1'me1Jan/ rl a film or television
programme containing moving drawings or models
chat show /'tfait Jau/ n a television or radio programme
where people are asked questions about themselves
comedy / 'komadi/ n entertainment such as a film, play.
etc. that is runny
crime drama /kram1'dra:ma/ n a film or television
programme about solving a crime
documentary /,dokja'mentari/ n a film or television
programme that gives facts about a real situation or
real people
horror film /'hora him/ 11 a film t hat entertains people
by shocking or frightening them
period drama f ptariad 'dro:ma/ n a film or television
programme that happens in a particular historical
period
reality show /ri'a,lati Jao/ n a television programme ' ) \
about ordinary pe ople who arc filmed in real situation\.V
science fiction /sa1ans 'flkJan/ n a film, television
programme or story about life in the future or in othtiz'
parts of the universe V
soap opera /saop 'opara/ n a series of television
programmes that continues over a long period and is
about the lives of a group of characters
the news /{)a nju:z/ n information about important
events on television, radio, and in newspapers
TALKING ABOUT FILMS AND SHOWS
character /'ka?rakta/ n a person in a book, mm,
television programme, etc.
clip /khp/ 11 a short part of a film or television
programme
plot /plot/ n the things that happen in a story
review / rtvju:/ 11 a report in a oewspaper. magazine or
programme that gives an opinion about a new book.
film, etc.
series f'srnri:z/ n a group of television or radio
programmes that have the same main characters or
deal with the same subject
soundtrack /saondtrcek/ n the music used in a film or
television programme
trailer j'treJl';J/ n short parts o f a film or television
programme which are shown in order to advertise it
 UNIT 15
COMPUTER PHRASES
delete a file / d1'li:t a fail/ phr to remove a file from your
phone's, tablet's or computer's memory
do a search / du: a sJ:t,J/ phr to use a computer to find
information, especially on the internet
have a virus /h~v d 'va13ras/ plir have a program on
your computer that destroys or steals the Information
that is stored on it
install an app /m'st:,:I an a:.p/ phr put an application
on a mobile phone, tablet, computer, etc.
share links /Je~ 'l1~ks/ phr to put links (= connect.ions
to other websites) on social media so that other people
can see them
upload photos/videos /Ap'laud foutauzfv1dlauz/ phr
to copy photos/videos from a mobile phone, tablet or
computer to the internet
download a podcast /,daun'laud a 'podko:st{ phr to
copy a podcast (= a radio programme) from the internet
to a phone, tablet or computer
PHRASAL VERBS: TECHNOLOGY
look up /luk 'Ap/ pv to look at a book or computer in
order to find information
plug in /plAg 'm/ pvto connect a piece of electrical
equipment to an electricity supply
( " ; \shut down /JAt 'daun/ pv to turn off a large device, such
~ • a computer
switch off /sw1tJ 'of/ pv to tum off a light, television,
~ c. by using a switch
~ Itch on /swttJ 'on/ pv to turn on a light, television,
etc. by using a switch
take out /te1k •aot/ pvto remove something from
somcwhc.-c
turn down /t3:n 'daon/ pv to reduce the level of sound
or heat that a mach ine produces
turn off /b:n 'of/ pv to move the switch on a machine,
light, etc. so that it stops working, or to stop the supply
of water, electricity, etc.
turn on /13:n 'on/ pv to move the switch on a machine,
light, etc. so that it starts working, or to start the supply
of water, electricity, etc.
turn up /tJ:n '11.p/ pv to increase the level of sound or
heat that a machine produces
UNIT 16
DOING EXPERIMENTS
blow /bl~u/ v to force air out through your mouth
boil /b)1I/ v to cook food in water that is boiling
(= 100• C or higher)
cover /'k.Av~i v to put something over something else, in
order to protect or hide it
fill /hi/ v to make a container or space full, or to
become full
pour / p:>:/ v to make a liquid flow from or into a
container
rub /rAb/vto press your hand or a cloth on a surface
and move it backwards and forwards
shake /JeLk/ v to make quick, short movements from
side to side or up and down, or to make something ot
someone do this
stir /st3:/ v to mix food or liquid by moving a spoon, or
similar object, round and round in it
tie /I.cu/ v to fasten something with string, rope, etc.
wrap /rl£p/ v to cover something or someone with
paper, cloth, etc.
PHRASAL VERBS: SCIENCE
add up /i£d 't,p/ pv to put numbers together In order to
reach a total
blow up /blao 'Ap/ pv to make something explode
carry out /ka,ri 'aot/ pvto do or complete something,/ ) '
especially something that you have said you would d ~
or that you have been told to do
cut up /kAt '•p/ pv to cut something into pieces ©
take away /te1k a'we1/ pv to remove a number from
anothl?r number
work out /w3:k 'aut.j pv to understand something or
decide something after thinking very carefully
VOCABULARY LIST 135
 ~ VOCABULARY LIST
UNIT 17
ARTS AND ENTERTAINMENT
audience {'):dians/ n the people who sit and watch a
performance at a theatre, cinema. etc.
biography /bar'ografi/ n the story of a person's life
written by another person
director /dr'rekta/ n someone who tetls the actors in a
film or play what to do
gallery tga:,lari/ n a room or building that is used for
showing paintings and other art to the public
novel /nov~I/ n a book that tells a story about
imaginary people and events
painter j'pernta/ n someone who paints pictures
painting / pembl)/ n a picture that someone has
painted
poet /'p.,011/ 11 someone who writes poems
poetry j'paodri/ n poems in general, or the writing of
poetry
sculpture /sk,lptJa/ 11 a piece or art that is made from
stone, wood. clay, etc.
studio /'stju:di~uj n a room where an artist or
photographer works
writer fra il~/ n someone whose job is writing books,
stories, articles, etc.
ADJECTIVES: -AL AND -FUL
© entral /'sentral/ adj in the main part of a town or city
heerful /'tJ1afal/ odj happy
colourful /'kAlafal/ adj having bright colours
~ storical /hrstortkal/ adj relating to events or people
~ the pa.st, or the study of history
natural /'nretfaral/ adj If you have a natural
characteristic, it is something you have been born with.
original / a'nd3:mal/ adj special and interesting
because of not being the same as others
painful /petnfal/ adj causing physical pain
peaceful / 'pi:sfal/ adj quiet and calm
political /pa'llllkal/ adj relating to or involved in
politics
stressful / 'stresful/ adj making you stressed
successful /sak'sesral/ adj having achieved a lot or
made a tot of money through your work
136 VOCABULARY LIST
UNIT 18
JOBS
architect j'o:kitekt/ n someone who designs buildings
babysitter /'be1bis1ta/ n someone who takes care of
your child while you are out
builder /bdd;)/ n someone who makes or repairs
buildings as a job
coach /kautJ/ n someone whose job is to teach people
to improve at a sport, skill, or school subject
firefighter t fa1afa1ta/ n someone whose job is to stop
fires burning
hairdresser / hea,dresa/ n someone whose job is to
wash, cut, colour, etc. people's hair
journalist f d3J:nabst/ n someone whose job is writing
for newspapers, magazines, television or radio
lawyer /'bia/ n someone whose job is to understand
the law and deal with legal situations
pharmacist /'fo:mas1st/ n someone who is trained to
prepare or sell medicines
politician /,polrttJan/ n someone who works in politics,
especially a member of the government
presenter / pn'zent-a/ n someone who introduces a
radio or television programme
vet {vet/ n someone whose job is to give medical care
to animals that are sick or hurt
SUFFIXES: -ER, -OR, -IST, -IAII
actor /"a!kla/ n someone whose job is to perform in
plays and films
artist j'o:tJst/ n someone who creates art, especially©
paintings and drawings
blogger /'blog~/ n a person who writes a blog
cleaner /'kli:na/ n someone whose job is to clean
houses, offices, public places, etc.
comedian / ka'mi:dian/ n someone who entertains
people by telling jokes
competitor /kam'petita/ n a person, team, or company
that is competing with others
film director f h lm dauekta/ n a person who is in
charge of making a film and tells the actors how to play
their parts
goalkeeper f gaol,ki:pa/ n the player in a sport such as
football who tries to stop the ball going into the goal
guitarist / 9 1'to:n.st/ n someone who plays the guitar,
especially as their job
journalist /'d3i:nalIst/ n someone whose job is writing
for newspapers. magai:ines, television or radio
musician / mju:'ztJ<m/ n someone who plays a musical
instrument, often as a job
novelist /nova Ir.st/ n someone who writes novels
politician ftpolr'tIJan/ n someone who works in politics
 recept ionist /n'sepJamst/ n someone who works in a
hotel or office building. answering the telephone and UNIT 20
dealing with guests
runner /tAlli/ n someone who run.s. usually in
competitions
COLLOCATIONS: THINKING
scientist j'sarant1stj n someone who studies science or cross your mind fkros ja matnd/ phrlf an idea crosses
works in science your mind, you think about it for a short time.
supporter /s;,'p):ta/ r> someone who supports a give someone a hint /91v 1SAmWAn ~ hmt; phrto
particular idea, group or person give someone a piece of advice that helps them do
teacher f ti:tJa/ 11 someone whose job is to teach in a something
school, college, etc. have a thought /ha,v a 0):t/ phr to have an idea
vegetarian /,ved31'tearian/ n someone who does not suddenly
eat meat or fish have second thoughts /ha,v 'sekand th:ts/ phr to
visitor /Vlnta/ n someone who visits a person or place change your opinion about something or start to
doubt it
lose your concentration / lu:z ja ,konsan'tre1Jan/ phr
UNIT 19 to stop being able to think only about the thing you
are doing
make up your mind /me1k Ap ja mamd/ phr to make
THINGS THAT YOU READ a decision
advert P,~vJ:t/ nan advertisement(= a picture, short use your imagination /ju:z jar 1,ma?d31'ne1Jan/ phr
to e<eate ideas or pietores in t our mind
film, etc. that is designed to persuade people to buy or
do something) LOOK (AO, SEE, WATCH
article j'o:ltklj n a piece of writing in a magazine,
newspaper, etc. look (at} (lok (at)/ vto turn your eyes in the direction
brochure /'brauja/ n a thin book with pictures and of something or someone so that you can see them
information, usually adveriising something see /si:/ vto notice people and things with your eyes
e·book /i:buk/ n a book that is published in electronic watch /wotJ! vto look at something for a period of time
form, for example on the internet or on a disk, and not
(7\printed on paper
~ ~raphic novel /'grrehk lnoval/ n a book containing a
tong story told mostly in pictures but with some writing
R',pte /naut/ n a short piece of writing
\..:,fotice j'nautJs/ ,, a sign giving information about
somet hing
paper /'pe1pa/ n thin, flat material used for writing on,
covering things in, etc.
poster /'p;,usta/ n a l arge, printed pict-ure or notice that
you put on a wall, in order to decorate a place or to
advertise something
sticker ;"st.J.k~/ n a piece of paper or plastic with writing
or a picture on it that you stick onto a surface

SAY, SPEAK, TALK ANO TELL

say /se1/ vto speak words
speak a language / spi:k a 'la?1Jgwtd3/ phr to be able to
say things in a language
talk /o:k/ vto say things to someone
tell /tel/ v to say something to someone, usually giving
them information

VOCABULARY LIST 137

 GRAMMAR REFERENCE AND PRACTICE
PRESENT SIMPLE AND
CONTINUOUS
Qi
.'1f!/
Present continuous
• We use om, ore, is+ -ing to make the present
continuous.
Present simple am ('m) playing.
• The present simple has two forms.
You, We, They are ('re} working.
I, You, We, They get, study, watch, go He, She, It is ('S) helping,
He, She, It + -s gets
• We use 'm not, aren't, isn't to make negatives.
watches, goes
' m not working.
or ~
r+• ies studies
They aren't helping.
We use do/does not+ infinitive to make negatives.
She isn't playing.
I, You, We, They don't get, study, watch, go
• We use am, are, is ro make questions.
He, She, It doesn't get, study, watch 1 go
Am helping?
, we use do/does+ infinitive to make questions.
Are working?
Do I, you, we, they get, study, watch, go? Is playing?
Does he, she, it get, study, watch, go?
We use the present continuous for:
We use the present simple for: something that is happening now or around now.
things that happen regularly. We ;re doing our homework. (= We're in the middle of
I wolk ro school with a friend every day. it now.)
My sister doesn't go to the sports club very often. temporary situations.
What do you do on Sundays? I'm helping mydod in hisornce this week.(= I don't
facts. help him every week.)
We live near my grandparents. future plans.

• The weather doesn't get very cold here.

verbs called state verbs (we don't normally use
They're playing ,able rennis ofter school. (= They plan
to play table tennis.) ')\

© these verbs in a continuous form) which describe

what we think or !eel.
believe, hate, know, like, love, mean, need, own,
Practice
Complete the sentences. Use the present
U
0 prefer, understand, want
Mike knows the answer to your question.
continuous form of the verbs.

Alice doesn't understand what you want 1 I _____ (cycle) to the beach with some friends
I don't remember your address. next weekend.
What does tMs word mean? 2 My brother (not watch) sport on TV this
Does your teacher own o sports cor? week because of his exams.
3 A; What _____ (you do) at the moment?
Practice B: We _ _ __ (watch) a nature film because we
_ _ _ _(study) insects at school now.
1
0 Complete the sentences. Use the present si mple
form of the verbs.
1 ____ (you / prefer) volleyball or basketball?
Choose the correct form of the verbs.
1 1s/1 /I'm sitting on the bus with my fTiends.
2 Angelo never ____ (choose) sandwiches for ' We go/ We're going to the match In London. Our
l unch because he ____ _ (not l ike) bread. team ' ploys f is playing in the final this afternoon,
3 We ____ (not see) our cousins very often so we're very excited. Our team• doesn't ploy I
because they __ _ _ _(live) in America. isn't ploying in the final very often, but this season
4 Where (ho/ go) afterschool? 'they play I they're playing really well.
5 We (not want) to go home. 5
1believe JI'm believing they can win. After the
6 Sara (not play) football but she match 1 we have/ we're having dinner in London.
watch) it on TV. 'I wont I I'm wonting to go to a restaurant near the
7 ____ (he/ know) the time? stadium but • they get I they're getting very busy on
8 Emma ____ (study) French. match days, so " we eoc f we're eating at a place in
another part of the city.

/ 138 GRAMMAR REFERENCE AND PRACTICE

 Practice
PASTSJMPLE
0 1 Complete the conversation. Use the past simple
form of t he verbs.
Regular verbs
Lara: I ' _____ One Direction at a concert last
The past simple of regular verbs is verb + -ed.
Saturday. (see)
verbs ending consonant+ ·Y change ·Y to -led.
Kay: No! Really?Wherc ' ____ it?(be)
It is the same for I, you, he, she.it, vie and they.
Lara: In Glasgo\l\'.
/looked He V/Olched We studied They ployed
Kay: ' by train or on the bus? (you / go)
Irregular verbs Lara: Neither. 1·' by car. (go) The chauffeur
' _____ us righl to the door. (drive)
The past simple of irregular verbs has different
Kay: A chauffeur? That's amazing. So, what
forms.
' _____?(you /wear)
They are the same for/, you, he, she, if, we and ihey.
Lara: Jeans and a top and my new necklace.
buy
do
-- bought
did
- make -
meet -
made
met
Kay: Cool! How many people 7
concert? (be)
Lara: About ten thousand.
_ _ _ _ atthc

feel felt put ➔ put Kay: Where' _ _ _ ? (you / sit)

-
get
give
- got
gave
run
say
-
•
ran
said
Lara: In the front row.
Kay: What?Howmuch • ____ ? \your ticket/

go
have
-- went
had
take -
t hi nk -
took
thought
Lara:
cost)
for ii. (not pay) I " ____ it in
I " ___
competition. (\.Vin)
a

know
- knew wear -
See poge 158 for o list of irregu/or verbs.
wore
Kay: Wow! Yoo " _ _ (be) lucky!

Make sentences in the past simple.

1 she/be / lateagain?
Regular and irregular verbs: negatives and
questions 2 I/ not like / Andrea's new dress
, We use didn't /did not)+ verb lo make negatives with . - .
all verbs in the past simple. 3 we/ sleep/ really well last night

I, You, He, She, didn't buy it. 4 you / find / my bag?

l --'-- - - -
(7\< It, We, They get it.
\2:_J look.
, We use did+ verb to make questions with all verbs i n
5 ~~~~:~~'.~ne:t:: e~ ------- ____
6 they / not know / about Bill Haley and the
G
0 the past simple. Comets ©
Did t, you, he, she, it, we, they buy it? A
,-
g~et-i t?- - -~ 3 Complete the text. Use the verbs in the box in the
past simple.
look?

be not be catch come

ff decide not eat have know
• The verb be has two forms in the past simple. start want walk

I, He, She, It was/ wasn't Was she? My friend Callum and 11 _ _ _ _ _ into town
You, We, They were/weren,t Were you? yesterday evening. We 1 _ _ _ to buy some
trainers but there' ____ any good ones.
We use the past simple to talk about finished past Callum' ____ a good cafesowe ' _____ to try
actions, feelings and states. that. We' ____ some drinks there but the food
I had coffee with some friends. __ very expensive so we ~ ____ anything.
I didn't eot anything. We i a bus home because it :o to
Did your sister enjoy the concert? rain when we 1: out of the care.
We often mention the time when things happened.
I met my mum ofter school.
The teacher didn't give 11s any homework yesterday.
Did you go out lost night?

GRAMMAR REFERENCE AND PRACTICE

 GRAMMAR REFERENCE AND PRACTICE
6 The weather forecast is for today to be
COMPARIITIVE:S AND SUPERLATIVES {wet) and (windy) yesterday.
7 Now I'm even ____ {confused). Your brother's
To make comparative and superlative adjectives: explanatio!l was ____ (complicated) the
with one-syllable adjectives, add -er and -est. originill question.
with adjectives ending in -e, add -rand -st. 8 We're looking for something a bit ___ _
new newer (the) newest {bright) and _____ (colourful}, sorry.
nice nicer (the) nicest
with one-syllable adjectives ending in vowel -t
consonant, we usually double the consonant.
\0 2 Complete the second sentences using not as .. . os.
l Football is more tiring than yoga.
big bigger (the} biggest Yoga ______________________ _
with two-syllable adjectives ending in -y, change -y 2 Electric c¥s are cleaner than petrol cars.
to -i and add -er and -est. Pettol cars ______________________ _
funny funnier (the/ funniest
3 Most ballet dancers are fitter than many athletes.
with other adjectives of two or more syllables, we Many athletes _ •
usually use more and the most. 4 Salads are healthier than burgers.
interesting more interesting (the) most interesting Burgers _ _ _ _ _ _ __
beautiful more beautiful (the) most beautiful
s I had more work last week than this week.
Some adjectives are irregular. I don't have _______ _ _________ _
good better (the/ best
bad worse (the/ worst Complete the sentences. Use the + the supertative
form of t he adjectives.
Comparative structuret
l This website has (cooli music and it's
To compare two people or things in a positive way,
also _____ (cheap).
we can use a comparative adjective+ than.
2 My brother's _ _ (good) student in his class
Your laptop is foster than mine.
but he is _____(bad) at sport.
The girls were more friendly than the boys.
3 The beach road is ____ (safe) for cycling and
To sa}' two people or things are not the same, we can
it has (interesting) views.
use not as (adjective) as.
4 When we go on holiday, my bag is always
(;'\
V
My laptop ;sn't as fast as yours.
The boys weren't as friendly as the girls.
(light) and my sister's is always .
{big) and ____ (heavy).
n)
\J
s This is a competition to find _ _ ___ (brilliant)
Superlative structures
G We often use the before superlative adjectives.
and _____ (creative) people in the music
industry.
© <
This laptop is the fastest in the shop.
6 It's freezing! Let's go to your house. It's _ _ _ _
The Brazilians were the most friendly.
{close) and it's atways ___ (cosy) in winter.
Practice 7 Simon really is _ _ _ (untidy) person I've ever
met. But he's also (charming).

0 1 Complete the sentences with the comparative

form of the adjectives. Add than if it is necessary.
1 I usually do ,ny homework in the school library
8 'You're {sociable) person I know. What
good cares can we go to?'
'Let's go to coco's. It's _____ (lively) place I
because my home internet is _____(slow) my know.'
school 's and my house is ___ (noisy).
2 Exams these days are _____ (hard) they were
in the past, but the preparation classes are
(good).
3 Most teenagers prefer to wear casual clothes,
partly because they're ___ (fashionable)
these days and also because they're ___ _
(cheap) formal clothes.
4 I usually wke the bus to school. It 's ___ _
(fast) walking and it's also _____ (warm).
5 Stop worrying! Katy isn't ___ _ (attractive)
you and she isn't _ _ _ (funny) you either.

/ 140 GRAMMAR REFERENCE AND PRACTICE

 PAST CONTINUOUS Complete the text. Use the past continuous form
of the verbs in the box.
The past continuous is similar to the present
continuous, but uses the past of the verb be. argue tie listen not listen look
We use was or were+ the -ing form of the verb. make not sell tell wait

I, He, She, It was running, It was a peaceful summer afternoon in the park.
You, We, They were talking. The students ' _____ on the grass.
Derek and Armando 1 _ _ _ about football, as
• We use wasn't (was not) and weren't (were not} to usual. Henri 3 _ _ _ _ a story about his holiday
make negatives. in Florida. Penelope and Doris L _ _ _ • to him
and Doris ~ a necklace of wooden beads.
I, He, She, It wasn't running.
Margherita ' to anyone. She j at
You, we, They weren't talking. the ice cream van which was near the gate. Twenty
• We make questions with was or were. people • ___ to buy an ice cream.

o
There was a burger van as well, but the owner
Was he Irunning? ' ____ many burgers.
Were you talking? 3 Look at Exercise 2 and write questions for the
• We use the past continuous to talk about actions and answers, using the past continuous.
events in progress at a particular time in the past. o Where were the studentsjyingL,_______ _
I wos chatting to my friends onUne. On the grass.
We were texting my mum. 1 What ?
It wasn't raining ot that time. Football, as usual.
They werentt listening to me. 2 What ?
Was it snowing? His holiday in Florida.
Were Che boys watching us? 3 What ?
listening to Henri's story.
Practice 4 What ?

0 1 Complete the sentences. Use the past continuous

form of the verbs.
l 1__ _ _ (dream) about my holiday last night.
A necklace.
5 Who ___________________?
Noone.
6 How many people ________________?
0
-4
2 How many hours ____ _(you/ play) tennis?

©
Twenty.
3 You ___ • (not watch) television in the
kitchen. Read this paragraph and compare It with \J
4 ___ (you/ talk) to your brother at Exercise 2. Some of the facts are wrong. Correct

0 lunchtime?
5 Belinda (not do) her homework in front
them by writing sentences with negative verbs©

of the television.
The students were sitting on the grass. Derck and
6 The cat (sit) on the car. Armando were arguing about music. Henri was
7 ____ (we/ use) the wrong kind of paint on
describing the scenery in Florida. Penelope and
that wall?
Doris were waving at Henri and Doris was making
8 The students ____(chat) quietly in the
a necklace. Margherita was taking a photo of the
computer room.
other students.
9 Charlie (not look} at the cars, he
(shout) at his friends on the beach. o The students ,,;_erg1t~t.~tting_o1J..tl!.~ grgss,_tl)ey__ __
10 (not ask) your opinion, I were /yirm_ on it. ________________
{e,plain) my plan. 1 Derek and Armando _ __
2
3
4

GRAMMAR REFERENCE AND PRACTICE

 GRAMMAR REFERENCE AND PRACTICE
PAST SIMPLE AND CONTINUOUS O 2
>> FOR lHE PAST CONTINUOUS FORM, SEE GRAMMAR
REFERENCE AND PRACTICE, UNIT 4, PAGE 141
O 1 I didn't hear I wasn't hearing Elinor come inco my
We use the past continuous to talk about actions and
events in progress at a particular time in the past.
At lunchume, I was texting a friend.
It wos raining.
The students weren't ploying computer games.
Was the teacher riding her mororbike?
)) SEE UNIT 2. PAGE 139 FOR THE PAST SIMPLE FORM
We use the past simple to talk about:
completed actions in the past, often with the time
when they happened.
I met my friends ot the shopping centre yesterday.
We didn't buy anything, but we looked at some
new phones.
two or more actions which happened after one
another.
Amy showed me her new bag and then I went
home.
When Jules lost his key, we arr helped to look for it.
I finished my drink and washed the gloss.
We use the past simple and past continuous together
when a shorter action in the past interrupted an
action or event that w·as in progress. We use the past
simple for the action that interrupts and the past
continuous for the action that was In progress.
17:'\ I was chatting wich some friends when I saw you on
V t/Jebus.
The singer threw his guitar a£ some tons becouse they
were annoying him.
She didn't eat anything for lunch because she was
feeling nervous.
Practice
0 1 Complete the sentences with the verbs in the box.
emailed talked were talking watch
was watching waited we,e emailing
were waiting
l I ____ the TV when the phone rang.
2 I gotto the airport and _ _ _ for my friend to
arrjve.
3 I _ a film, and t hen I went to sleep.
4 We chatted while we for the bus.
5 I • to Ben two days ago.
6 They ___ to each other when I saw them.
7 She _ _ _ me ten ti mes yesterday!
8 When we ____ each other, we sent lots of
jokes and photos.
/ 142 GRAMMAR REFERENCE AND PRACTICE
Choose the correct form of the verbs.
mom because I wore/ vtas wearing headphones.
2 We oil celebrated/ were all cclcbroting when we
got Jwere getting our exam results.
3 My grandad found Jwos findln9 some go1d coins
when he worked I was working In his garden.
4 I broke I v:as breaking my arm when I learned f
wos learning to ski.
5 My mum drove/ wos driving home from wor1<
when she got j was getting my text, so she
couldn't answer it.
6 When Sonja opened / was opening the garage
door she d;scovered / was discovering he-r new
bike.
7 I cholted / was c/lotting to a rriend on the phone
when the train went l was going into a tunnel
and I never heard I was hearing the end ol her
story.
8 Tomas emailed I was emailing me DNice while
I mended! was mending my bike but I didn't
check/ wasn't checking my laptop until later.
Complete the story. Use t he past simple or past
continuous form of the verbs.
Marcus Jones was very lucky last V1.'eekend. He
;,, was c
. y_c/[ng {cycle) home from the city centre. It
1 _ _ _ {snow) and the road was icy. Suddenly
his bike ' ______ (slip) and he ' .-- __ (/all o f f ) G
onto t he pavement. He ' _____ (pick up) his bik )
off the road when he' . ____ (see) somethi ng in
the sky. It ' -·· · ·-- (move) towards him very fa5h
He' _ _ _ {jump) back onto the pavement a ~
the object 8 _ _ _ _ _ (hit) the road. It was a piece
of a meteorite. 'twas glad 1• • • (not stand)
there!' he " ' (tell) journalists l ater.
Make sentences. Use the pa.st continuous or past
simple form of the verbs.
1 I / visit/ my friends. Afterwards, I/ take f the bus
home.
2 Luke/ walk/ into the door because he/ not
look/ ahead.
3 It / snow / at lunchtime, so I / not go/ fo-;a-;va~
4 I / not be/ hungry, so I / not have j anything to
eat.
5 My sister/ crash / lnio a t;a/fic l ight when she /
ride/ her scooter.
6 I/ think/ about the holidays. Then suddenly, I/ ·
realise/ the time.
- --- - - ---------- - - -

tome/any
we use some and any with plural countable nouns
and uncountable nouns.
We use some in positive sentences.
We bougllt some petrol and some sweets ot tt,e
garage.
We use any in questions and negative sentences.
Ihaven't got any homework tonight.
Are there any good clubs near here?
Is there any fruit in the fridge?
They don't want any salad.
much/many and a lot ot
we use these words to talk about large amounts.
we use a lot ofwith plural countable nouns and
with uncountable nouns, in positive and negative
sentences and questions.
1took a lot ofphotos last night.
There~ a lot of milk in the fridge.
We haven't got a lot of money for clothes.
We often use many with plural countable nouns in
questions and negatives.
We haven't got many photos of our holiday.
Are many people coming to your porty?
we often use much with uncountable nouns in
negative sentences and questions.
I haven't got much time to help you.
Is there much traffic on this road at night?
Complete the sentences wi th some or any.
1 Don't make noise near the exam room.
2 My brother had:_- -_ problems with his
phone, so he couldn't text me.
3 Did you have help when you made that
cake?
4 There isn't ____ _rubbish in the bin.
s There's _ _ _ fruit in the cupboard if you want
it.
6 Were there ____ children at the party?
Choose the correct words.
I didn't play many I moch matches last season.
2 I haven't goto little/ moch paper, so I need to
buy some soon.
3 My earphones aren't working, so I can't listen to
some/ any music on the bus.
4 We had o little/ o few problems with the
password but in the end we remembered it.
s I've got a lot of/ much cousins in Germany.
6 How much/ mony students are Lhere at your
school?
7 I found some f much information for my project
online.
8 We haven't got any I some time for shopping
today.
9 Did you spend many I a lot of time at the park?
10 There's a little fa few space left for your name at
the bottom of the page.
Complete the sentences with much, many, a few

a fn I a little
ora little.
1 There isn't traffic at this time in the 0
©
We use these words to talk about small amounts. morning, so-it only -takes _ _ _ _ minutes tog t )
We use a few and o little in positive sentences and
to the centre.
questions. We don't use these words in negative
2 I only have _______ money with me, so I can't

0
sentences.
We use a few with plural countable nouns. .
buy ___ food.
3 Did you have __ _ __ trouble finding the
©
1invited o few friends too barbecue 011 my birthday.
address you needed?
Do you wonr a few grapes with the cheese?
4 We've got _ ~ exercises to do for homework
We use a little with uncountable nouns.
but they vt1on1t take time.
I'd like a little sugar in my coffee, please.
s I made phone calls about the screen
Have you got a little time to spare? problems with your tablet but I didn't get
____ helprul answers.
Practice
0 1 Match the sentence halves.
1 Oo you need
6 Were there ____ cars on the road this
morning?
7 We only had ··-•--- time at the party but we
still made new friends.
2 Tom hasn't got
8 'Have you got _ _ sandwiches left?'
3 I need
'Yes, there are
4 Is there
9 There are too _ _ people in this room.
5 I had There isn't _____ space here.
6 I didn't have
10 We haven't got ____ time left, so we need to
a any time to phone me today. leave in ·- _ __ minutes.
b any news about the date of the exam?
c any time to work yesterday.
d any help?
e some good news yesterday.
f some more time.

GRAMMAR REFERENCE AND PRACTICE 143 \

 GRAMMAR REFERENCE AND PRACTICE

[ Q)
HAVE TO AND MUST; SHOULD
0 Practice
1 Choose t he correct verbs.
ltave to and lffllSI
Have to changes form.
I have to 90 to school.
We don't hove to go in the car.
You hod to go to school.
She has to be home by 10 pm.
He d~sn't have to do ony homework today.
They didn't have to clean the car.
We don't use contractions in the positive:
PLEASE READ THIS NOTICE CAREFULLY.
1ta1:1·Q, to 90. l,'e 's to stay.
Must has only one form. There is no past tense of The<e are eight dlHerent activities to choose
must. We use the past form hod to. from. You ' should I don't have to look at the list
of activities for the week and decide which ones
I, You. He, She, We, must catch the early bus.
They you want to do. You can choose to do something
mustn't be late.
different every day. You 2 must I should talk to
We use must and have to to talk about rules and your friends before you sign up if you want to do
things that are necessary. the same things.
You must be 18 to see tho/ mm.
He has to practise the guitar every day. You • shouldn't I must try at least three different
In the past tense we use had ta. There is no past activities in the week but you ' don't have to I
form of must. must try everything. You s mustn't I should sign
You had to be 18 to see thot film. up for activities before breakfast every day.
He had to practise the guitar every day.
We use mustn't when something isn't allowed. You 6 don't ha.ve to I mustn't miss the safety
I mustn't sleep In class. lesson before each new activity. You ' should I
You mustn't read that letter. have to ask a teacher if you aren't sure what to dG
Don't/Didn't hove ta means that i t is/was not
necessary to do something.
She doesn't hove to answer that email.
0 I didn't have to do o test.
Rewrite the sentences, using the correct form of
©
should and shouldn't must, h(1ve to and should. For one sentence two of
• Should has only one form. these verbs are correct. Which sentence is it?

I, You, He, She, we, should t idy the living room. 1 We're not allowed to text our friends in lessons.
They We
shouldn't make a me$S, 2 It's~ g;,;did;a lo-;cidt h~o~gh i>u-r ;o~k-befo~e
We use should when we think it is a good idea to do you show it to anyone.
You ____ _
something.
Ishould buy a present for my mum. 3 My brother can wear any clothes he likes to
They should build a new sports centre. school.
We use shouldn't when we think it isn't a good idea He school uniform.
to do something. 4 Can you advise me which phone to buy?
Which phone _______________?
You shouldn't do your hom~vork in front ofthe TV.
We shouldn't eat too mony chips. 5 It wasn't necessary to book seats for the concert.
We use should in questions when we ask for advice. We
What should I say in my interview? 6 It isn't very sensible to wear your best shirt when
Which shoes should I wear with this dress? you mend your bike.
You ___________________ _
7 Seat belts are compulsory for both drivers and
passengers.
Both drivers and passengers ___________ _

/ 144 GRAMMAR REFERENCE AND PRACTICE

 FUTURE: BE 601Nli TO IND A A
°fjJ~~ 2
Complete the conversation. Use the correct form
~ES~~ ~NTINUOllS of be going to.
A:' _ (you, go) to my cousin Felix's party?
Present CQltfinuous for plans and arrangements B: Yes, I think so.
A: What' (wear)?
)) FOR THE PRESENT CONTINUOUS FORM SEE B: I'm not sure. My blue dress, probably.
GRAMMAR REFERENCE AND PRACTICE, UNIT 11 A: And which shoes?
PAGE 138 B: Well, the weather forecast says it• (be)
hot so I ' _____ (buy) some sand~ls. -~-
We use the present continuous, usually with the
A: ' _ _ (you, take) him a present?
time mentioned, for definite plans we already know
B: I guess I should give him something.
about. A: I' _ _{give) him this belt.
I'm flying 10 Spoin at the weekend.
B: Oh, that's cool. I know he' (be) so
He's not working next week.
pleased with it. But the problem is, 1•
What time ore you leaving?
(not rind) anything as good as that.
ff going to for intentions A: We can give it as a shared present, if you like.
B: Oh, that's great, thanks very much. But I
We use am/ls/are (nor) + going to + verb to make the
' - - __ (tell) him you found it for him.
be going to future.
I'm going to run. Read the descriptions of the situations and
We're go;ng to finish. complete the sentence about what is going to
You're not going to win. happen. Use be going to and the verb in brackets.
They're not going to ardve.
1 A man is climbing out of a window with a bag in
Is she going to leave?
Are you going to play? his hand. A police officer is watching him. She's
We use be going to: waiting for him.
for things we intend to do in the future. She ___ • (arrest)
I'm going tovisitltalyone doy. 2 A boy is walking along the pavement. He's
We're going to work really hard. looking at a beautiful motorbike on the road. He
I'm not going to eat any more chocolate. doesn't know there's a rubbish bin two metres in
for things we know are likely to happen. front of him.
You drive well now. I'm sure you're going to pass He ___ (Jail over)
your drivjng test. 3 There a,e some sausages cooking in a frying pan
Look ot 1hot blve sky! It's not going to rain today. but there's no one in the kitchen.
n
©
0 0
ractice
Choose the correct form of t he verbs.
They ___ (burn}
4 A man is in bed. The people in the flat
downstairs are talking loudly.
He ___ (not steep) well. ©
0
1 The traffic is awful this evening. I'm sure its s A girl is singing on a TV talent show. All lhe <
going to toke I its toking hours to get home. judges are smiling and clapping.
2 I can't come to the cinema with you on Saturday; She ____ . (win)
it's my parents' wedding anniversary and 6 A man and a woman are playing the guitar and
we're going to organise I we're organising a big drums on a TV talent show. One of the judges
family party. has his hands over his cars.
3 Look at the mess in this kitchen! I'm goir,g to They (not win)
get/ I'm gelling really angry if you don't dean i t
up right now.
4 Mum really enjoyed that cake we had at my
cousin's party. I'm going to ask/ I'm asking my
aunt how m make it.
5 1·m going to take I I'm toking my driving test on
Monday morning, so I'm going to do/ I'm doing
lots of practice this weekend.
6 I can't wait to go on holiday! We're catching/
We're going 10 catch the train from St Pancras
at 9 am tomorrow. We're going to ploy/ We're
ploying card games all the way to Paris.
7 Can you hear thunder? lt'.s going to rain/ It's
raining soon.
8 We're meeting /We'regoh19 to meet in the library,
after lunch.

GRAMMAR REFERENCE AND PRACTICE

 GRAMMAR REFERENCE AND PRACTICE
PRESENT PERFECT Q) ever, never and shot1 answers
We use ever and never with the present perfect to
We form the present perfect or regular and irregular
mean 'in your whole life' or 'not in your whole life'.
verbs with has/hove+ the past participle. We can use Yes, I hove and No, I ha ven't ro answer
these questions.
I, you, we, rhey 've f have (haven't) bought
Have I, you, we, they bought ... ?
Hove you ever been to Lapland?
Yes, I hove. (=sometime before now}
He, She, It's/ hos (hasn't) lived
Has he, she, it lived ...? No, I haven't.(= he/she has never been to Lapland i n
his/her life)
In regular verbs the past participle looks the same as
the past simple (verb+ -(e)d).
Practice
_V
_e_r_
b_____P
_a_s_t _si_m~p_le_ _f-
Pa_s_t~p_art
_ic~ip_le_ (O _ 1 Complete the sentences. Use the present perfect
turn turned turned ~ form of t he verbs In the box and the words in
like liked liked brackets.

In Irregular verbs the past participle sometimes beat eat fall fly forget
looks the same as the past simple and is sometimes give go hurt know tear
different. text w rite
Verb Past simple I Past participle 1 Zoe (not) anything all day. I'm going to

-l
The same make her a sandwich.
make made 2 Yolanda _____ (never) a thank you letter to
made
anyone.
lind round round
3 Vincent and I ____ Tom all our lives.
Different 4 Urs ______ (never) mearchess.
be was/were been S I ____ to Paris twice, but usually I go by train.
6 Olga ____ (not) me her number, so I ____ _

0
do did done
(not) her.
~ break broke broken 7 Nigel off his bike. He (not)
\:::_) know knew known himselFbut he.. . his best jeans. )

) 8 Mark __ tothesportsclubbut he _____

0 o
SEE PAGE 158 FOR ALIST OF IRREGULAR VERBS his membership card. I hope they let him in
without it. ©
, we use the present perfect to talk about experiences
2 Complete t he conversations. Use the present
in the past which have some link to the present.
perfect form of t he verbs.
We've spent oil our money. (= We haven't got any -
now.) A:' ____ (you/ finish) your history homework?
We haven't eaten /vncll. (= We're hungry.) B: Not quite. I ' __ _ _ (lind) three websites with
Hove you visited Poris? (= Do you know Paris?) the right sort of information but I ·' - - - - (not
read) it all.
been and gone A: Well, I ' . (go) to the library and
The verb go has two forms in the present perfect: I' (borrow) this old book for you.
hove gone and hove been. They have different B: Thanks, that's great.
meanings.
C: ' . ___ (you/ tidy) your room?
Have/ Has gone means that someone is in
D: No, I ' _ _ _. I'm going to do it now.
another place.
C: But 1• _____(make) a pizza For our lunch. It's
Tessa has gone to the club. (= Tessa isn't here, she's
going to be cold before you can eat it.
at the club.)
D: That's OK. I ' ____ (have) some chips, so I'm
Jock's gone to the ciry cenrre. (= He isn't here, he's in
not really hungry.
the city centre.)
Hove/ Has been means that someone went to t hat E: Where " ______ (you / be)? The match starts i n
place in the past but is not there now. five minutest
Tessa hos been to the club. (= Tessa visited the club F: 1" (be) in that care. Look, 1"
some time in the past, but she isn•t there now.) (buy) you some chocolate.
Jack's been to the city centre. (= He's not there now. E: But I don't like chocolate." •• __ (you/ ever/
He was there some l ime before now.) see) me eating chocolate?
F: Oh, sorry. No, I ,. - - --·

/ 146 GRAMMAR REFERENCE AND PRACTICE

 PRESENT PEIIRCT IMD PAST Q>
SIMP':fi ~W L_DMfl? AN]! FORIS!N_CI_ ~ 2
Present perfect
)) FOR 111E PRESENT PERFECTFORM SEE GRAMMAR
REFERENCE AND PRACTICE, UNIT 9, PAGE 146
We use the present perfect to talk about experiences
in our life up to the present.
We don't use past time phrases with the present
perfect.
She's seen that film.
They've heard that song.
We haven't vislted this museum.
Hove you tried Thai food?
Past simple
)) SEE UNIT 2, PAGE 139 FOR THE PAST SIMPLE FORM
We can use the past simple to say exactly when
something happened.
She saw the film last week.
They heard that song ot a concert
We visited this museum last time we came to London.
Did you try Thai food when you were in Bongkol<?
How long?and fotlsince
We use How long with the present perfect to ask a
question about a period or time up to now.
How long have you lived here?
How tong have you known your best friend?
We use for to introduce the length of time something
lasted.
for ten years, for o long time, for six weeks
we use since to introduce when something began.
(7\ since six o'clock, since my birthday party, since last
Vyeor
When there is a verb after since, it is in the past
simple.
I have known Mm since I was eleven, since I started
school, slnce I arrived in Madrid.
Practice
0
1 Match the sentence halves.
1 I went to Paris
2 I've been to France
a two years ago.
b twice in my life.
3 I've read two books
4 I read an interesting book
a lastweek.
b since the beginning of the month.
S I've had a lot to eat
6 l atea lot
a yesterday.
b so I won't eat any more.
A
Choose t he correct form of t he verbs.
1 I hope you're all hungry. I've made I I made a big
paella and a salad.
2 Emerald hos gone Jwent to the cinema with her
friends. I'm not sure when she'll be home.
3 Gary has cooked/ cooked a fantastic meal last
night. I haven't met/ didn't meet anyone who can
cook as well as he can,
4 I don't know why Toby hasn't come/ didn't come
to see me. I've asked/ I asked him yesterday to
come as soon as possible.
5 My friends haven't enjoyed/ didn't enjoy the trip
to the beach at the weekend because the wind
hos been/ v,os so cold.
Complete the sentences with for or since.
1 I've suppon:ed Liverpool __ __ I was at
primary school. They've always been a great
team, although they haven't won the cup
quite a long time,
2 We haven't eaten meat _____ five years, ll
was a bit difficult at first but we've all been very
healthy _____we became vegetarians.
3 They've only owned that car ____ about
three months but they've had two accidents
____ they bought it.
4 I'm so tired! I've cycled ten kilometres ___ •
breakfast and I've had all this shopping in my
backpack ______most of the time.
s My dad hasn't seen his parents ___ the
beginning of the year. They've been in Australia
_ ___ six months, visiting my aunt and her
family.
(~
-
,V 4 Complete t he text. Use the present perfect or th( D
past simple form of the verbs.
I ' ____ (be) a member of the swimming teaotz'
for two months. I ' _ ___ (enjoy) swimming V
since 13 __ _ _ _ (be) small. Last year I' __ _ _
(start; using the swimming pool at our local sports
club and one day I!> (see) a notice about
the team, The next week they were practising in
the pool when I ' . __ _ _(arrive) and I' _____ _
(think) it l ooked like fun,
We train twice a week. I ' _ _ _ _ (not miss) any
training sessions, although sometimes it's hard to
find the time. When 1• _____ (have) exams last
summer I almost 10 _ ___ (gjvc) up. But I'm so
pleased 111 _ _ _ _ (not leave) because since then
we u (enter) three competitions and we
" _ _ (have} a lot of fun together.
Unfortunately, we " - ______ (not win) any prizes
for quite a long time.
GRAMMAR REFERENCE AND PRACTICE
 GRAMMAR REFERENCE AND PRACTICE
W/U AND BE 60/NG TO 0 Complete the conversation. Use the will or be
going to form of the verbs.
Jane: Hi, Angie. What are you doing?
will Angie: I'm trying to pack, but l*m not getting on
We form the future with will/won't + verb. very well. I've got so much stuff, my case
We'll (will) write : ___ (be) too heavy.
She won't go Jane: Don't worry, 12 _ _ _ (help)you. I'm good
WIii they want ... ? at packing. What ' ____ (do) on your
We use will: holiday?
for general predictions about the future. Angie: Oh, I ' ·-· ___ (have) a good rest after my
People will be healthier. exams. I ~-----· (lie) on the beach under
Medicines won't cure everything. an umbrella and listen to the waves.
Will everyone live longer? Jane: OK. So you need a swimming costume.
when we decide to do something while we are What else?
speaking. Angie: well my dad wants to visit some ancient
I'll have a cake with my coffee. city, so probably 1• ____ (walk) around
I won't wait any longer. there with him one day.
Jane: Right, shorts and a T-shirt and a pair of
IN going to trainers. But what are all these heavy
bottles?
)) F11R THE FORM OF BE 60/NG TO SEE GRAMMAR Angie: Shampoo, shower gel, face cream ...
REFERENCE AND PRACTICE, UNIT B, PAGE 14!1 Jane: I don't think you ' (use) t hat much
in one week! I've got some small travel
We use be going to: bottles. I' _____ (lend) them to you. They
to talk about something we have already decided • ____ (not weigh) as much. Now, what
todo. about sun cream?
Our teacher is going to give us the test results soon. Angie: I've got that in my hand luggage, see?
I'm not going to spend a lot ofmoney today.
Whot are we going to eat tonight?
to predict the future based on something we can
Jane: But that tube's 120 ml. It's too big - the
security people at the airport 10 • _ _ _
(take) it away from you. I " (put) i )
0
see orkoow. in your suitcase.
Business is good - we're going to be ric/1 1 Angie: Thanks. I hope we can have a holiday in this

0 took '1t the crowd round the table - the food's

going to run out.
country next year. Then I "----· (not ©
care) about the weight of my bag!
Practice (0 3 Write sentences using will or be going to.

0 1 Choose the correct form of the verbs.

l Scientists arc working on new crops that will
help/ are going to help to feed us all.
1 Lucy and Linda are running a race. Lucy is
running very rast, Linda is tired.
________________ ___ .(win)
2 Jonah is on a boat. The sea is very rough. Jonah
2 I can't meet you tomorrow. /'I/ help JI'm going to
feels ill.
help my brother paint his bedroom. _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ . _ _ _(be sick)
3 This new bike will save f is going co save me lots
3 Joe has got a difficult science project. His sister
of money on bus fares.
is good at science.
4 I've got a headache now but I think I'll feel/ I'm __ _ ____ (help)
going to feel OK when I get outdoors. 4 Alicia and Paula are in a beauty salon preparing
S Please hurry up, the bus will leave I is going to
for a birthday party.
leave any minute. ______________________ (look /great)
6 I must get another pen. This one wlll run I is
s Inez is cooking some burgers on a barbecue and
going to tun out of ink in a minute. talking to her friends at the same time.
7 Some people say that air fares will be/ ore going
_________ ---·-·------- ____(burn)
lO be much more expensive in the future.
6 Tomasz likes studying.
8 We don't have much food at home. I think
(go / university)
1'/1 go/ I'm going to go to the shops t his
afternoon.

/ 148 GRAMMAR REFERENCE AND PRACTICE

 MODALS OF PROBABILITY Q O }.
Modal verbs do not change form. Modal verbs of
probability are always followed by another verb.
I, You, He, She, It, We, must be tired.
They
might die.
could bite.
o
can't exist.
To talk about something we think is certain, we use
-The explorers
· - found two new spedes. They must be •~
very excited. (= I'm certain they're very excited.)
They've walked through the jungle for four days. They
0 3
must feel tired. (= I'm certain they feel tired.)
To talk about something we think is possible, we use
might or could+ verb.
I've never seen on on;mol like this before. It could
be I might be a new species. (= Perhaps it's a new
species.)
Other ne~11 species could exist in these mountams.
o
{= Perhaps other new species exist in these
mountains.)
Don't wuch it, il might bite you. (= Perhaps it will bite
you if you touch it.)
To talk about something we think is impossible, we
use can't+ verb (NOT mustn't+ verb).
I've seen a picture of this animal in 011 old book, so
it con 1t be a new species. (= I'm sure it isn't a new
species.}
He's an intelligent person; he can't believe those sil{y
stories' (= I'm sure he doesn't believe those stories.)
@ ractice
(0
~
,--+
(2}
Re.write the underlined words in the sentences
using must.
1 Jon's gone out without a coat. I'm sure he's cold.
2 I put the potatoes in the oven an hour ago.
I'm certain the;y're ready to eat by now.
3 f know this Qa-;,;f i~,,:;y-ne~[)~n-e be~aus; I - -
ordered it last week.
--- - -- --- --- --- - - ------- --
4 My computer is very slow. 1'.01sure.i.ts..b.ro.ke.n,
Rewrite the underlined words in the sentences
using might.
1 That cat wants something. Perhaps htis hungry.
2 I don't know where my phone is. Perhaps it's in
.the car,
3 It's PO$Sible that my teacher speaks thceP
lan2uages. 1'm not sure.
Look at your answers to Exercise 2. Can you
4
replace might with a different modal verb?
Rewrite the underlined words in the sentences
using can't.
1 This fish smells terrible. I'm certain it isn 1t fresh.
2 I don't believe that coat belongs to you. It's
much loo small.
------- -- ~
3 It's not possible that you feel tired You've been
asleep for twelve hours!
S Choose the correct verbs.
Uz hos come 10 visit Becco on her birthdoy.
Becca: Hi, Lil, come in. I'm having a great day.
I've got lots of cards and some great
presents. Out what's this parcel? I didn't
notice it before. Oh dear, there's no card
with it.
Liz:: Is it from your sister?
kcca: It' con'l be/ must be from her - I've alread"'>
opened her present. \J
Liz: Is it from your parents?
kcca: No, it' can·t be/ covld be from them eithY;-\
because they're giving me a new bike. wt;fy
going to get it later.
Liz: Is it from your grandparents?
kcca: It' could be f must be from them, I guess.
They usually send me something, but I don't
know how it got here.
Liz: Well, the card' might be/ con't be inside.
kcca: Yes, but it's a stronge shape. I wonder what
it is. The wrapping paper is really beautiful.
It~ must be/ can't be something special.
Liz: It's not very big. It i could be/ must be a new
phone. Did you ask for one'?
Becca: No. Anyway, it's hard at one end and softer
at the other, so it ' con'l be/ might be a
phone. OK, I'm going to open it. Oh, wow,
it's some of those brushes I saw in the art
shop l ast week! And here's the card. It says
'Love from Liz'! Ididn't see you bring the
parcel in.
Liz:: Well, I knew you wanted some and so I
thought they• could be/ must be a good
present.
kcca: They're perfect, thank you so much!
GRAMMAR REFERENCE AND PRACTICE
 GRAMMAR REFERENCE AND PRACTICE
JUST,Al.llEADYAND YET Q> 0
We use jus~ already and yet with the present perfect.
jud
means 'only a short time ago'.
goes before the main verb in positive sentences.
I've just passed my driving test.
The molCl1 has just started.
We've j ust moved house.
alte.ady
me,ins 'some time before now'.
emphasises that the action is now complete - we are ~
not so interested in how long ago.
sometimes means 'sooner than expected'.
goes before the main verb in positive sentences.
I've already driven nve hundred kilometres, I don't
wont to drive any more.
My brother hos already left school. He's at university
now.
My dad hod flu lost week but he's already gone back
to work.
Our little sister's already learned how to open
cupboards, although she's only one!
yet
•
means ~up to now'.
often emphasises that we expected something to
© happen before now.
, goes at the end of a negative sentence.
1haven't finished my sandwich yet. (= I'm eating it
0 now, I need more time.)
We haven~ decided which film to watch yet. (= We're
still thinking about it.)
sometimes suggests that something might happen in
the future.
Yolt haven't seen my new bike yet. (= You might see it
sometime soon.)
goes at the end of a question.
Have you phoned Jade yet?(= I think you planned to
phone Jade around now.}
Has Francis bought Mum a birthday card yet?
(= I think he should do it soon.)
Practiee
0 1 Choose the correct words.
1 Wow! I've just j yet seen our street on TV.
2 I've worked at the cafe for the last two weekends
but I haven't been paid already I yet.
3 We've just/ yet heard our exam results.
4 Oh no! I've already/ just dropped a litre of olive
oil on the kitchen floor!
s Have you got an invitation to Janie's party just I
yell
/ 150 GRAMMAR REFERENCE AND PRACTICE
2 Put the words in brackets in the correct position
in each sentence.
1 The lesson has begun. (already}
2 Have you been to the new shopping centre? (yet)
3 This parcel has arrived for you. (just)
4 I haven 't saved much money for my holiday.
(yet)
s It's only eleven o'clock but everyone's gone
home. (already)
6 My parents have bought a new car. (just)
7 H.we you done this exercise? (yet)
8 We've finished the last sentence. (just)
~
3 Mark the sentences S if they mean the same thing
or D if they mean different things.
1 I saw the doctor a few minutes ago.
I've just seen the doctor. -~- - _
2 We've already had one holiday this year.
We haven't had a holiday yet.
3 My brother has a job although he only left school
l ast week.
My brother left school last week and he's already
found a job. __ _ _
4 I've already been to Australia twice but I haven't
visited New Zealand yet.
t've just left Australia and I'm going to New
Zealand.
5 I've just finished cleaning the kitchen and I'm
going to have a shower. n
o I've already cleaned the kitchen but I haven't
had a shower yet. ·· ---·-·
"2.,J
4 Nick has an exam tomorrow. He 1s made a list o@
things to do. Write sentences about what he's
already done and what he hasn't done yet.
O He hasn't read throu.91) his revision notes yet. _ _
1
2
3
4 - ----- -- ------- -----
5
 RELATIVE CLAUSES
We use relative clauses to explain who, what or
where we are talking about.
The film that we saw lost night was really t,mny.
{We need the words that we saw lost night to know
which film the speaker is talking about.)
The actor that played Mrs Wood wos brilliant. {We
need the words that played Mrs Wood to know which
actor the speaker is talking about.)
We use lhe pronouns who or thot lo tal k about
people.
There~ the woman who I met at the singing
compet;tion.
I preferred the singer that got the second prize.
We use the pronouns which or that to talk about
things.
I enjoy singing songs which make people tough.
My friend sang o song that she wrote about her home
town.
Relative clauses can have who, which or that as their
subject or as their object.
I preferred the singer that got the second prize. (that
is the subject of the relative clause)
I enjoy singing songs which make people tough.
(which is t he subject of the relative clause)
There's the woman who I met at the sin9fr19
compel/Uor1. (who is the object of the relative clause,
I is the subject)
My friend sang a song that she wrote about her home
town. (that is the object of the relative clause, she is /~
the subject )
We use the pronoun where to talk about places.
We went to the house where the film director /lves.
©< (= which the film director lives in)
1know o website where you con find of/ kinds of films.
~ (= You can find all kinds of films there.)
'-.:f'ractice
0 1 Complete th~ sentences with who or which.
l I've just met someone . ___ has a part in a
soap opera.
2 The chat show _ _ _ I usually watch has lots
of interesting people on it.
3 l likc programmes _ . make me laugh.
4 This is the animated film my teacher
recommended to me.
s I really admire the actor . ___ plays the mai n
character i n this thriller.
6 I'm not a big fan of murder mysteries ___ _
have complicated stories.
7 I know a girl _____ is a TV actor.
8 Thisdocumentary is by a woman ____ my
mum \Vas at school with.
Malcolm is telling Kirsty about a film. Complete
the conversation. Use the relative clauses from
the box.
who was always unkind to him
who hasn't seen it
who was called Millie Moop
who lived in an old bus
which you need to see to understand
which was really funny
where Millie put shampoo into a toothpaste tube
where Mr Scratch lived
Malcolm: I sav.., this film last weekend
> _ _ _ _• There was a family called the
Mo ops' ____• They had a teenage
daughter ' __ ____ and she was very
intelligent. Her dad had a job which he
hated, and he worked for a man called
Mr Scratch .. - - ~ · So one day, Millie
went to the house 5 _ _ _ _ and got
a job as a cleaner. Then she played all
kinds of tricks on Mr Scratch and his
family. The best scene was one'
I laughed all the time.
Kirsty: Really?
Maltotm: Oh, well, perhaps it's one of t hose films
' ____ . It maybe doesn't sound so
funny to someone 8 _ .
A
3 Make each pair of sentences into one sentence,
~ using a relative clause. Make other changes if
necessary.
0
1 This is a photo of my friend. She wants to be a
presenter. \..V
2 We have a goldfish. He is called Bubble~ __ ©
3 That man wrote a song. Everyone knows it.
-·- ------ ---- --- --+--•------ ---
4 I visited a house. John Lennon lived there as a
boy.
S Do yo~ reme;,ber the woman? She had 20 cats.
6 Our teacher gave us some exercises for
homework. No one could understand them.
7 I have a neighbour. He is a famous designer.
8 KingtOniSa Sfnatt town. I grew op near there.
GRAMMAR REFERENCE AND PRACTICE 151 \
 GRAMMAR REFERENCE AND PRACTICE
PRESElfT SIMPLE PASSIVE Q;
We form the present simple passive with the present ~
rO 1
tense of be+ the past participle of a verb.
am given
You, We, They are helped
He, She, It is recommended
I'm given o maths test every week.
I'm not given a moths rest eve,y 111eek.
Are you glven o maths test every week?
Robbie is helped with his homework.
Robbie isn't helped with his homework.
Is Robbie helped with his homel'!ork'
These apps are recommended on lots of websites.
These apps aren't recommended on mony websites.
Are these opps recommended on mony websi1es?
When we include who or what does the action, ·we
use by.
My teacher gives me a moths test every week. (active)
I'm given a maths test by my teacher every week.
(passive)
o
Robbie's parents don't help him with his homework.
(active)
Robbie isn't helped with his homework by his parents.
{passive)
Do o lot ofpeople admire the girl.s for their couroge?
(active)
Are the girls admired by a lot of people for their
courage? {passive)
We use the passive:
17\ • when it isn't important to say who or what does
\:.I the action.
This opp is used for sharing p/1ows.
Our exam results are published online.
Teenagers are allowed to drive in my country..
when we do not knov.., who or what does the
action.
These new phones ore made ,'n China.
The streets are cleaned at night.
My dad Is sent lots ofbrochures.
We include by when we want to emphasise who or
what does the action.
This npp is used by millions ofpeople for .shoring
photos.
My dad is sent lots of brochures by car companies.
/ t52 GRAMMAR REFERENCE AND PRACTICE
Practice
Decide if the sentences are active (A) or passive (P).
1 Thousands of new apps are downloaded every
day.
2 We need more computers in my school.
3 Computer viruses are often sent by email.
4 A lot of money is spent on developing new
smartphones.
5 A virus deleted all the information on my laptop.
Complete the sentences. Use the active form.
1 I'm always given money for my birthday by my
granny.
My granny for my birthday.
2 All our vegetables are grown by my parents.
My parents ____ vegetables.
3 Cambridge is visited by tots of tourists.
Lots of tourists .___ Cambridge.
4 Computers are used by most schoolchildren
nowadays.
Most schoolchildren ____ computers
nowadays.
5 This computer is used by everyone in my class.
Everyone in my class ____ this computer.
l Complete the sentences. Use the passive form of
the verb. Only include by if it is important.
1 You need a password to enter this website.
A password ____ t his website.
2 My brother cleans Dad's car once a month.
Dad's car ·-·-- once a month.
3 We don't send children to prison in this counll'iZ\
Children ____ in this country. ~
4 Thieves steal ten bicycles every day in this town.
Ten bicycles _ _ in this town.
5 People play football all the year round.
Football all the year round.
6 My parents don't allow me to have a TV in my
bedroom.
I____ a TV in my bedroom.
7 Someone designs a clever new app every day.
A clever new app __ ____ every day.
8 A local company pays for our school trips.
Our school trips ___ ~·
9 Criminals hide viruses in software.
Viruses in software.
10 A film star owns that house.
That house ___
 ZERO 4110 FIRST CONDITIONAL
Conditional sentences tell us about a possible
situation and a resul t. They use two clauses: the
conditional clause and a result clause.
The conditional clause begins with if or unless.
The conditional clause or the result clause can come
first without changing the meaning.
Zero conllitional
The zero conditional uses the present simple in the
conditional clause and in the result clause.
If ;- present tense,+ present tense
Ifpion ts hove enough light, they grow we/!.
Ifplants don't have enough light, they don't
grow well.
We use a comma when the if clause comes first.
We can also put the if clau~e at the end or a
sentence.
Plants grow well if they hove enough light
We use the zero conditional to talk about things that
are true or always happen.
Ifyou give plants enough food o!ld water, lhey grow
well.
Ifyou don't give plollts e/Jough food o/Jd wote,; they
don't grow Vie/I.
If usually means the same as when in zero
conditional sentences.
Plants grow well when you give them enough food
and water.
('01
Practice
Complete the zero condit ional sentences wi th the
~ correct form of the verbs.
1 Everyone ____ sleepy if the weather ____ ..
too hot. (feel, be)
0 2 If my brother ______ any money,healways
3 S~dents
4 If I
it on clothes. (earn, spend)
like, not watch)
stressed if their teacher
___ th-;;m t~~ many tests. !get, give!
a film, I
it to the end. (not ~
s If I _ well in my school exams, my parents
usually· - ___ me extra pocket money. (do,
give}
6 It difficult to remember facts if you
_--.=-_:-·studying that subject. (be, not enjoy)
First conditional
The first conditional uses the present simple in
the conditional clause and the will future in the
resu1t clause.
If-+- present tense,+ wlll/won't
If we share o toxi, we'll save money.
If we take o tox1~ we won"t get wet.
If we don't toke o wxl, we 'II gel we!.
We use a comma when the if clause comes first.
We can also put the if clause at the end of a
sentence.
We'll save money if we shore a taxi.
QJ We use the first conditional to talk about possible or
probable future events.
If !his co/J closes, we'll lose our jobs.
we'll lose our jobs if this cofe closes.
We won't lose our jobs if this cofe doesn't close,
If does not mean the same as when in first
conditional sentenc~s.
If this caff! closes, we'll lose our jobs. (= The speaker
betieves it is possible that the cafe will close, but is
not sure.)
When this core closes, we'll lose our jobs.
(= The speaker knows that the cafe is going 10 close.)
o Practice
2 Choose the correct form of the verbs.
1 If I don't 90 / I won'l 90 to bed right now, I'm no!
able I I won't be oble to get up in the morning,
2 1'1/ buy/ I buy some ice cream later ifthe cafe is f
will be still open.
3 You poss/ You'll pass your driving test if you
won't forget/ you dodt forget to wear your
lucky ring,
4 we'll phone { We phone my dad after the party if
we'll need f we need a lift home.
s If anyone finds out/ will find O(Jt where my
brother is today, he'll be/ he's in big trouble
when he comes home.
6 You won't feel/ You don't feel cold if you put/
you'{/ put this sweater on.
unless
Unless means if not.
Plants don't grow unless they have light.(= if they
don't have light) ~)
I'll Stoy ot home unless it stops reining. (= if it doesn\:_)
stop raining)
Unless I'm invited, I won't go to the party. (= if I'm ~
invited) ~
•o
Practice
3 Rewrite the sentences using unless.
1 I can't get up in the morning if I don't have
enough sleep.
2 We'll all have dinner together if my mum doesn't
get home too late.
3 My parents will go mad if we don't clear up this
mess.
---------------·-----
4 If we don't find a taxi soon, we'll miss the train.
GRAMMAR REFERENCE AND PRACTICE 153 \
 GRAMMAR REFERENCE AND PRACTICE
REPORTED COMMANDS Q;
When we want someone to do something or not to do something, we say things like:
Ope11 the door! I Don't open the door! (command)
Please open ihe door. / P/eose don't open Che door. (request)
You musr open the door! / You muscn'r open rhe door! (command)
You should open rhe. door. / You shouldn't open the door. (advice/ suggestion)
When we report commands, requests, suggestions, etc., we use:
a reporting verb + object pronoun ,.. to + infinitive for positive commands and requests.
Dod said to me, 'Open the door!' ➔ Dad told me to open the door.
Dad soid 10 me, 'P/eose open the door!' ➔ Dod asked me to open the door.
I S-Oid to the boys, 'You must close the door!' ➔ I told them to close ihe door.
I S-Oid to the boys, 'You should close the door.' ➔ I advised them to close the door.
a reporting verb + objec.t pronoun+ not to+ infinitive for negative commands and requests.
Dad said to me, 'Don't open the door!' ➔ Dad told me not to open the door.
Dad said to me, 'Please don't open the door/' ➔ Dad asked me not to open the door.
Isold to the boys, 'You mustn't close the door!' ➔ I told them not to close the door.
Isold to the boys, 'You shouldn't close the door.' ➔ I advised them not to close the door.
Reporting verbs
In sentences like the ones above, we can use different verbs to tell peopte what we want them to d o, e.g.
She convinced me to stay, but my friend warned me not to listen to her.
Examples of reporting verbs are: advise, ask, convince, encourage, order, ~rsuode, remind, tell, warn
NOTE We cannot use soy in t his way. (NOT I le seid 11 ,e to ope" the door.)

Practice Report what e ach speaker said. Use the reporting

Q i Write what t he speakers said. Include t he words

in brackets.
verb and a suitable pronoun.
1 The detective shouted to the thief, 'Put the gun 0

0 O Our teacher reminded us not to leave our bags

on the bus.
on the floor!' (order)
Thedetective ___________________ _
2 The electrician said to us, 'You mustn't open the
)

01
He said, 'Q.onJ /f!ave your /)(19s 9rt(h~ I/us.· (don't)
My brother persuaded me to try a new hairstyle. box.' (warn)
The e lectrician _______________ _
©
He said.' __________ '(should)
2 The inspector asked us to show him our tickets. 3 The hairdresser said to me, 1You shouldn't use
He said, ' ________________' (please) this shampoo.' (advise)
3 My cousin convinced me not to put my address
The hairdresser
on the website. 4 I texted my friends, 'Remember to come to my
She said, '_ ' (shouldn't) party.' (remind)
I_ __
4 I told my friends not to text me in the morning.
I said, ' ___________________' (mustn't) s The teacher said to the students. ' Please tell me
s The police officer ordered the driver to get out of your names.' (ask)
his car. The teacher
She said, '___ ___ ___ ___ _ '(please) 6 I whispered to my brother, 'Please don 't tell
6 I asked my sister to help me with the washing- anyone!' (ask)
up. I_____ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
I said, ' • (please) 7 My friend said to me, 'You should tell your mum
7 My friend encouraged me to join the sports club. about your problem.' (encourage)
He said,'___________ · (should) My friend - · - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
8 My mum advised me to phone the school. 8 My dad said to my brother, 'You really should
She said, ' _ _, (should) apply for another job.' (persuade)
9 The fire officer warned us not to go into the My dad
9 My mum said to my dad, ' Don't invite the
house .
He said, ~-___________ ___ _ _ ' {mustn 1t) neighbours on Saturday.' (tell}
Mymurn __________________ _

/t54 GRAMMAR REFERENCE AND PRACTICE

 SEQOND CONDITIONAL Qi Practice

Conditional sentences tell us about a possible

t@ 1
~
Match the questions and answers.

situation and a resul t. They use two clauses: the 1 If you could leave school tomorrow,
conditional clause and a result clause. \tlhat would you do?
The conditional clause begins with if or unless. 2 If you saw someone stealing, who
The conditional clause or the result clause can come would you tell?
first without changing the meaning. 3 What would you say if I told you
The second conditional uses the past simple in the I'd bought a motorbike?
conditional dause and would ('d) I wouldn't+verb in 4 How would you get to school i f
tile result clause. you missed l he bus?
If+ past tense, +would+ verb: If I was a joumo/ist, I'd 5 What colour would you choose if
(would) meet lots of famous people. you repainted your room?
We use a comma when the if clause comes first. a I'd go for light blue, I think.
We can also put the if clause at the end of a b I'd probably talk to my dad about it.
sentence. c I'd travel round Europe with a friend.
I'd (would} meet lots of famous people if twas a d I'd say you were mad!
journalist. e I'd have to walk, 1suppose.
We sometimes use I were instead of I was in the
conditional clause. 2 What would be your answers to the questions in
If I were o joomolist, I'd (would} meet /ors of famous Exercise 1 ?
people. Make second conditional questions.
We never use when instead of if in second
conditional sentences. 1 What / you I do/ if/ you/ win/ lots or money?
We use the second conditional to talk about an --------------·-- -----
I'd buy presents for all my friends.
unlikely or impossible situation in the present or
future, and its results. 2 Who/ you/ ask i if/ you/ not i understand i
If I wereo millionaire, I'd buyo desertislond. (= 1'111 some grammar?
not a millionaire, so I won't buy a desert island.)
We wouldn't send mcmytexts if they cost a lot of I'd ask my teacher.
money. (= It's cheap to send texts, so we send lots.)
Ifmy brother got up earlier, he wouldn 1t have to run 3 What/ you I do {if/ you J see/ a burger for $50?
for the troin every morning. (= My brother doesn't get
up early enough, so he has to run for the train every I'd find somewhere cheaper to eat. f::\
moming.) 4 What/ you/ do/ if/ someone/ ask / you/ a b o 0
If I could get o job, I'd (would) hove enough money advanced physics?
17\ to go our. (= I can't get a job, so I don't have enough
\:.I money to go out.)
The students wouldn't play foocbo/1 unless they
I~ tryt~fi;dso-me i~for~~tiOO.~iTn; - -- -©
enj oyed it. (= They enjoy playing football, that's why S Who/ help/ you I if i you / miss/ the school bus?
they do it.)
We often use the second conditional to ask My dad would give me a lift.
questions.
Complete the sentences. Use would and !'he past
Ifyou had Che chance, would you visit Co/ifomio? simple form of the verbs.
Wouldn't you be ong,y /fyou were me?
What would you do if someone lold you a secret? 1 You _____ (have) more friends if you ___ _
If you could do ony job oral/, whot wouldyou choose? {not tell) stories about people.
We answer the questions with the conditional tense. 2 If I (be) you, I (take) a warm
I wouldn't visit Colifornia1 I'd go to F/or;da. coat today, but I guess it's up to you.
Ye s, I would. I No, I wouldn't. 3 If Kirsty (stay) in France, she _
I wouldn't tell an,vone else. {learn) French quickly.
I'd be o racing driver. 4 My parents ____ (not get) angry with us
unless we _____ (do) something very bad.
S If we all ___ __ (eat) as much as you, there
(not be) any food in t he fridge!
6 If you _(save) a little money every week,
you (have) enough to buy new boots
quite soon.

GRAMMAR REFERENCE AND PRACTICE

 GRAMMAR REFERENCE AND PRACTICE
REPORTED SPEECH 0
When we report what people said in the past:
the tense of the verbs changes.
the pronouns change if necessary.
we can use that after said but it isn't always necessary.
Direct speech Reported speech
--
Present simple Past simple
' I often go sailing; said Ed. Ed said (that) he often went sailing.
Present continuous Past continuous
' Doug is cycling fast; said Megan. Megan said (that) Doug was cycling fast.
will would
(Olga will win the race,' said the coach. The coach said {that) Olga would win the race.
_________________
con
--t

__,__coufd

They said to us, 'You can sit with us.1 - They said (that) we could sit with them.
When we use told, we need to use an object.
Mork told me that he went to Italy on holiday.
We don't use an object with said.
Mork soid that he went to Italy on holiday. (NOT Mork said me-that he went to Italy.)

Practice Complete the sentences with soid or told.

0 1 Change the sentences from reported to

direct speech.
1 Andy said he was texting his parents.
1 Harry ____ that he wanted to leave.
2 I _ __ _ my mother that I would help her today.
3 We the teacher that we couldn't do the
r-::'\
© Andy said, ' I ___ •. my parents:
2 My brothers said they couldn't find any
pictures of their favourite singers.
homework.
4 My teacher
before Monday.
that we had to finish the homew o 0

s My dad ___ me thal he had a new job.

0 My brothers said, 'We _ • • any
pictures of our favourite singers.' Complete the reported sentences.
3 Andrea said she always laughed at the
letters page in her magazine. 'I ·m starting a blog about my sailing club,' said Saskia.
Andrea said, 'I always _ ___ the letters Saskia told me a blog about her sailing club.
page in my magazine.' 2 'Readers can get free gifts with fashion magazines,' said
4 My sister said I could borrow her new Lewis.
shoes. Lewis said that readers ______ free gifts with fashion
My sister said, 'You new shoes.' mag~zines.
5 Phil said he often bought a newspaper 3 'The writers don't know much about teenagers, in my
for his dad. opinion,' said my mum.
Phil said, 'I often _____ _for my dad.' My mum told me that in her opinion, the writers
6 Alexi said he was looking for an article much about teenagers.
about his local team. 4 'I'll takesome photos for you; said Derek.
Alexi said, 'I _____ an ¥ ticle about my Derek said _ -·- some photos for me.
local team.' s 'We are making a lot of progress with our stories,' said
7 We said we'd design the front cover. the twins.
We said, 'We .. the front cover.► The twins said ____ a lot of progress with their
stories.
6 'The celebrities are sitting in my garden,' said the
photographer.
The photographer said that the celebrities _ in
his garden.

/ t56 GRAMMAR REFERENCE AND PRACTICE

 PAST SJMPLE PASSIVE C) 0
We form the past simple passive with was/were (not)
+ the past participle
I, He, She, It was(n' t) allowed to go.
You, We, They were(n't) told about the party.
1wos told to phooe home.
She wasn't told thecorrect time.
Were you told what to do?
The sto,y was told too journalist.
The journalist wasn't told the truth.
Was the story told to make trouble for someone?
The pictures were found in a second.-hand shop.
They weren't found in good condition.
were the picwres found by chance?
When we want to say the person or thing that did the
action, we- use by.
Two school students found the pictures in a second
hand shop. (active)
The pictures were found in o second-hand shop by
two school students. (passive}
The shop owner didn't tell the journalist the troth.
{active)
Tile joumolist wasn't told the troth by the shop
owner. (passive)
Did the students find the pictures? (active)
Were the pictures found by the students? (passive)
We use the passive:
wh~n it isn't important to say who or what did the
action.
Thot picture was sold for a thousand pounds.
My brotlier's drawings were shown in a gol/e,y.
I wosn'r allowed to wotch horror mo'lies when I
wosyounger.
when we do not know who or what did the action.
My friend was interviewed about his invention.
The sto,y wasn't published until yesterday.
The students were offered a reward.
We include by when we want to emphasise who or
what did the action.
That picwre was sold by the artist's mother for a
thousand pounds.
The sto,y wosn't published by the national
newspapers until yesterday.
The students wera offered a reward by the owner of
the painting.
Practice
0
1 Underline the past passive forms in this text .
I hove ltve-d in my opoftme-01fof five yeo,.s, bul it is
much oldcf lhon 1h01. The building 1h01my opoflmenl
is in wos built over 100 years ago. It was designed
by o famous orchitec1 who olso designed mony
other buildings in the city. tt wos creoted for o loco!
bvsinessmon who wonted his own building. II wos
used by his family for about SO years. Then, it was
sold and it was mode into lots of smaller oporlments.
2 Rewrite t he sentences in the active form.
1 The celebrity artist was interviewed by lots of
journali sts.
Lots of journalists the celebrity artist.
2 The best drawing wasn't done by Picasso.
Picasso ___ the best drawing.
3 Were the pictures copied by the students?
Did ______ the pictures?
4 These sculptures weren't made by Henry Moore.
Henry Moore ___ _ these sculptures.
S These pictures weren't described in the
course book.
The coursebook these pictures.
Rewrite the sentences. Use the passive form of
the verbs.
1 Our teacher reminded us about the school trip.
We teacher.
4 2 Someone copied my card details and stole all
mymone}'.
My card details _____ and all my money
3 My classmates gave me a good luck card before
my interview.
I ______ my classmates before my interview.
4 Did you prepare these salads this morning?
Were _ this morning?
s
o
No one told me where to siL
I to sit
Choose th~ correct form of the verbs.
4
Last month a class of secondary school students
'v1as given/ gave a half-day holiday by their schot8
after their exams. Two of the students went for a )
walk but it' wos started f storted to rain, so they
went into a second-hand shop to keep dry. All kinds
of old furniture 'left/ were left around the shop.0
There were bowls and plates everywhere and olc).:/
photographs and paintings• Vlere pushed/ pushed
under tables. The students s were decided / decided
to look at the pictures to pass the time. Most of
them 6 were covered/ covered in dust. Then one of
the students ' was noticed/ noticed a small picture
which • was almosl hidden / almost hid behind
a cupboard.
It 9 was shovm l showed a vase of flowersw hich
10
were painced f painted in great det.1il. The picture
n wasn't signed Jdidn't sign but the shop owner
thought it" was probably painted I probably
pointed about fifty years ago. The students u were
poid / paid £5 for it and "were taken i took it away.
Later they" were discovered/ discovered it was nve
hundred years old. It " wos sold i sold by a gallery
in London last week for one million pounds!
GRAMMAR REFERENCE AND PRACTICE
 LIST OF IRREGULAR VERBS
Infinitive Past simple Past participle Infinitive Past simple Past participle
be was were be-en lend lent lent
become became become lie lay lain
begi n began begun lose lost lost
break broke broken make made made
bring brought brought mean meant meant
build built built meet met met
burn burnt/burned burnt/burned pay paid paid
buy bought bought put put put
catch caught caught read read /red/ read/red/
choose chose chosen ride rode ridden
come came come ring rang rung
cost cost cost run ran run
cut cut cut say said said
do did done see saw seen
draw drew drawn sell sold sold
dream dreamed/ dreamt dreamed/dreamt send sent sent
drink drank drunk show showed shown
drive drove driven shut shut shut
eat ate eaten sing sang sung
fall fell fallen sit sar sat
feel felt felt sleep slept slept
found found speak spoke spoken
©find
fly
forget
flew
forgot
flown
forgotten
spell
spend
spelled/spelt
spent
spelled/spe
spent
0 )

got got sUJnd

0et
give gave given steal
stood
stole
stood
stolen ©
go went gone/been swim swam swum
grow grew grown take took taken
have had had teach taught taught
hear heard heard tell told told
hit hit hit thi nk thought thought
hold held held throw threw thrown
hurt hurt hurt understand understood understood
keep kept kept wake woke woken
know knew known wear wore worn
learn learned/learnt learned/learnt win won won
leave left left write wrote written

/ 158 LIST OF IRREGULAR VERBS

 Acknowledgements
The authom wou1d like 10 mank everyo11e who worked on lhe
first edition of Prepare, and also Jaoquclinc French and Atyson
Maskell for their hard work on the seoond edition. James Styring
dedieal&S lhiS book 10 Jude RobE!tl Alver Sty1in9. Nid'lolas nms
thanks Clare, Ismay and Elodia for theic end'8ss support.
The authors and publishers are gratofuJ to tho followiog tor
reviewing the material during the writing process:
Argentina: Diana Ogando; Italy: Sarah Brocklebank; Spain: Isabel
Sobrino
The authors a nd p ubHsh ers acknowledge the following
sources of copyright material an d ar e grateful for the
permi&sion6 granted. While every effort ha& been made, it
has not al\vays ba,e,n possible to identify the sources of all
the material used , o r to trace all copyright hold ers. If any
omissions sre brought to 0 1.tr notice, we will be happy to
i nclude the appropriate acknowledgements on reprinting
a nd In the ne ,ct update to tho digital editio n,, as applicablo.
Key: U • Unit. LS ■ life Skills. C ::s Culture. R = Review, EA •
Extra Activities.
Texl
U6: Ann Makosinski for the text about Ann Makosinski. Copyrighl
©Ann Makosinski, Re-produced with permission; U1 4: Kameron
A. Badgers ior the text abou1 Kameron R. Badgers. Copyright
C Kameron R. Badgers. Reproduced wilh permission of
Deb McAllster•Holland; Cs: Royal Ballet School fo, the text
about Royal Ballet School, Copyright Q Royal Ballet School.
ReprOduoed with permission; ldytlwild Arts Academy tor 1he texl
about ldyUwild Arts Academy. Copytlght Cl ldy1Iwild Ar1s Academy.
Reproduced with kind permission; National Circus School of
Montreal fOf the text about National Circus School ot Montreal.
Copyright C National Circus School of Montreal. RaproducGCt
with kind permission.
Photography
The following images are sourced from Getty Images.
U1: Hero lmagesIDigitalVision; Westend61; mixetto/E+; H.Jse/
Corbls; Tetta Images; golubovy/!Stocf</Getty Images Plus: U2:
holas Hun/Getty Images Entertainment: Raymond HaJV
Images; Kevin Winter/WireJmage; Oimijrios Kambouris/
tty Ima99s Entertainmen1; Michael Ochs Al'Chive.s; H.
Armstrong Aoberts/CtasslcStockl'Archlve Photos; PYMCA/
JOil'lversal Images Group: Matthias Gia.mer/Stone; Peoplelmagest
~'Getty Images Plus; Jan Olofsson!Redferns; BURGER/
Canopy: Juanmon,no/1Stock/Gel1y Images Plus: C1: Miko
Powell/The Image Bank; Mark Halh1dns/Barcrofl Images/
Barcroft Media; kobbydagantiStock Editorial/Getty Images
Plus; Neil Mcallister/Photolibrary: Paw&! Libera/l.l9hIAocket;
VasitBritain/Britain on View: U3: Just Ono Film/Photonica;
Gaiaimage/Sam Ed'wards; YinYang.IE+; Dave G Kelly/Moment;
Sami Sarkis/Photog,apher's CMiee FIF; bizoo_lViSlock/Getly
Images Plus: Joe Sohrn1Vlsio1\S of AmericaJUnlve1sal Images
Group; Jam.C Grill; Robert Daly/OJO Images: U4: Pete, Muller/
Cultura; gbh007/iStock/Getty Images Plus; M_a._y_a!E+; Tony
Andersonrraxi; SoISIock:'E+: Wes1e11d61 ; Mikael Valsanen/
Corbis: FatCameraJE+: Crulos Herrera/Icon 5t»11swire: Carlos
Herrerailcon Sportswire; Cartos Herrera/Icon Sportswire; Mike
Hc~witt; lhomas BarwiekiS1one; LS1: westend61; R1: Helene
Wles,,nhaaniGetty Images Sport; us: fstop1 23/1Stock/Getty
Images Plus; AndreyPopov/iStockiGetty Images Plus; noonlandl
Westend61; amesyliStock/Getty Images Plus; Marc Volk; Tony
Bea/Photol!bmty; NatalleShutU&wor1h/MomenI Open;Yuki
Cheung/EyeEm: Ken Chernus/The Image Bank: 4,c6/iStockf
Getty Images Plus; Klaus Ved!elUOigitalVision; 8FG Images;
Pete, Dazeley/Photographer's Choice; U6: Chris SIowers/
Oorling Klndersley; Oebtalee WtSeb8rglE+; Richard N&.vstood/
Moment; Luca Calogero Mazzarella/Eye Em; CribbVisuals/ iStock
Unreleased; Levi BianoolMoment; Boston Globe; Photography
taken by Matio Guti8tre2.1Momen1; Const.tunineVJiStod</Getty
Images Plus: Ante Badzin\!EyeEm: Tom and Stev8/Moment:
lnlfux PrOductioos/DigitalVisiOn: visual2020viSion1Wes1end61;
AnshutMomenI Op.oo: Thomas M. Scheer/Eye Em; bluecint:una/
iStock/Geny Images Plus; Sino Images; Geography PhoIos/
Universal Images Group; Matteo Colombo/Oigita!Vision;
Scott JOfd,M l &vy/rhe LIFE Images Collection; Az JackSM/
Moment; Alexat1der Spatari/Moment; mlzou1a,1Stock Editotlal/
Getty Images Plus; C2: Matthias Haker Photography/1\ioment;
German Conejo/EyeEm; Jos Badlllo/EyeErn; U7: Mallika
Wiriyath.itlplm/EyeEm; Teti Nurhayall.t/EyeEm; kale_sept2004/
E+; ljubaphoto/E+; monkeybusioossimages/iS1ock/Getty Images
Plus; U8: baona/iStock/Getty Images Plus; Robert Alexander/
Archive Photos; Lawtence Mannir,gi-Co(bis: Bounce.'Cuttura; Joe
Aaedle/Geny Images N8\vs; Santiago Urquijo/Moment, Paul J.
Aichards/AFP; pjohnson1/E+; Clare Lawrence/EyeEm; aluxum/
iStock Unreleased; David Clapp,'Photolibrary; Sino Images;
Toru Yamanaka/AFP: Kazuhiro NogVAFP; GrG<g E.lms/Looely
Planet Images: Westend61/Brand X Pictures; fazon t/iStock
Editorial"Getty Images Plus; LS2: Universal Images Group; Alys
Tomtinson/Cullura; R2: DaydreamsGirl/iStock/Getly Images
Plus: U9: ecllpse_imagesliStock/Getty Images Plus: moodboard/
Cultura; Tetra Image; Hill Street Studios/Blend Images; JGI/
Jamie Grill/Blend Images; Roy HswuppetCut Images; Le Club
Syrnphonle/Cultum; WesIend61; Matk Chaves/EyeEm; Tdna
Dopp Photography/Moment; Terry Vine/Blend Images; U10:
An<Jrew Pini/Ph~o!ibrary; Patrick Foto/Moment rez-artliStocW
Gelly Images Plus; HandmadePictures/iStod</Getty Images Plus:
ChatiyanonliStock/Geny Images Plus; Pinghung Chen/EyeEm:
Fuse/Corbis; Oebby Lewis-Harrison/Cultura: Leprof.Stock/Getty
Images Plus; reisegraf/iStock/Ge11y lmagAs Plus; Simonlong/
Moment; Mlnjoon Loo/E.yeEm; Brian Macdonalc1.'0igltaIVlsion:
Kirill Audenko/Moment Open: Darling Kindersley: Nastasicl
iStock/Getly Images Plus; C3: VisitBritain/Britain on View;
FoodcolleC1k>n RF: Szakalyl1SIock/Getty Images Plus: a9miI/
E+; S1ockSolu1ioos.-1Stock/Getty Images Plus: David Bashop Inc./
Photolibrary; manyakotic,'iStock/Getty Images Plus; traveltinglight'
iStocklGe11y Images Plus; Mark ThomasiStockFOOd Creative;
bk>odstona,1Stock/Getty Images Pfus; LesyyllStocWGeny Imagos
Plus; U11: moodboard/Cuttura; Fabricio Bomjardim/Brazit Photo
Pl'ess/LatinContent OGphoto/E•; Jakob Helbig/The Image Bank;
0>
U12: RolfAasa/iStook/Getly Imagos Plus; p(oxyminder/iSlock/
Gotly Imagos Plus: alarifotoliStock/Getty Imagos Plus: hkuchern/
iStock/Getty Images Plus; Jose TriguerQ.IEyeEm michaklootwijki
iStocklGetly Images Plus; CraigFUO/E+; ViorikalE+; Samantha
Nicol An: Pho1ography/Momen1; JB Parten Photography/Moment;
Reinhard Oirscherl/Corbis Oocomentary; M_MUC1968/iStock/
Getty Images Plus; Michelle Van,erg/AII Canada Photos; Jasmin/;\
BrougMStodv'GeIw Images Plus: Visuals Unlimiled, loo./ ~
Ken Catania; John CancalosilOxford Scientific; Clgdem Uzun/
Moment; Oietmar Heinz/Picture Press; Visuals Unlimited, Inc./
Thomas Marani: Douglas VigorVE.yeE.m: Jack Tayk>r/EyeEm;
rttfuse/Shuttetstock; Etlc lsselee; CHAIWATPHOTOSliStock.l
Getty Images Plus; Photosho1 Holdings LtdlAlamy; Tsuneya
Kudoh/EyeEm; roUover/Ei-t;ALEXANOEA JOE; Valeriy Kirsanov;
Don FarralllPhotodtsc; Altroodo lmag&s; dpa picture alllanc8/
Alamy; LS3: Tang/Anadolu Agency: Tuned_ln~Stock/Getty
Images Plus; PA ThompsonlCorbis Documentary; T2 lmagesi
CuttUia; R3: South_agency/E.+; U13: oRethwi11 images, Moment;
Umberto Leporin.1/EyoEm: WesIand61: Jack Smith/EyeE.m
Premium; SensorSpot/E• : Jackson Kersine/EyeEm; BrainsiL'
iStock/Getty Images Pius; Nikodast\liStock/Getty Images Plus;
U14: Peter Beavis/Stone; LoungeparldSIooe; JGI/Jamle Gril;
UpporCut Images: Richard Wear/Design Pies: Coneyl Jay/Stone;
FeverstockphotofE+; Tashi•OeleltlE+; Fuse/Corbis; BaloOm
Sludlos/MomanI; Michael Klippfeld/MomenI; simonktlE+;
MEHAU KULYK/Science Photo Libra; William Attatd McCanhy
• McC8rthy's PhotoWork; Westend61; gremlinfiStockiGetty
Images Plus; C4: American Stock Archive/Moviepix; Richleggl
E+; U15: JGI/Jamie Gr1ll1Bleod Image: Bruno Goti/Cuhuta; U16:
STAN HONDAIAFP: mattinrleo/iStock/Getty Imagos Plus: Aiou,
Jean-Christophe; Dale Sutton/Nature Picture Library; 8r}'Ce
Outfy/Cortils via Contout; Al'lyom GeodakyanfrASS: Education
Images/Universal Images Gtoup: LS4: ManchanlPhotographefs
Choice RF; biglikeliStock/Geny Images Plus; ecltpse_images/
 iStocklGelly Images Plus; Oai$y-OaiSyfoStock/Getty Images
Plus; Ryhof Bruyeu/lStock/Getty Images Plus; Stephen De«/
The Image Bank: FrancescoCoftlcchia,1Stock/Getty: Ian Walton;
Ed Freeman; Images Plus; U17: Tom Merton; Siri Stafford/
Stone: rtieo WargO/Getty Images Entertainment; Paul Archuleta/
Wirelmage for Fashion Media: Antoine Antonlol/Getty Images
Entenainment Mint Images AF; ason KempinlTASt8/Getty
Images Entertainment; U18: Hero Images; microger\liStock/
Getty Images Plus; Jotge Cruz/Canopy; Uppercut Images;
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Cuhura; alvarez/E+; Steve Oebenporl/E+; maurusonefl.S1ocW
GQtty Imagos Plus: Image Source/OigitalVislon: Hero lmag-0s:
CS: Hans Neleman/The Image Bank; U19: KLH49(1Stock/Getty
Images Plus; carla Gottgens/Bk>Omberg; ivanmollov/iStock/
Getty Images Plus; BIii Ox:fof'd/E+:Yin Jian1}'EyeEm; calv1ndexter/
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bubaone.lDigiLaJVision Vectors; Marlin Seras UmaiAo6on Plus;
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Heritage Images/Hulton Archive; bg'blue/OigitalV.sion Vectors;
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News; BernaOOtt Csatri/EyeEm; Darren Rogers/Moment; LSS:
Caiaimage/Tom Merton; caiaimagatSam Edwards; S1ock1rek
Images: botamochiliStock/Getty Images Plus: MirageC:'Mom&.nt:
RS: Hill Street Sludiosllllend Images; EA: James D. Morgan/
Getty Images News.
The fotlowiog photograpns have baeo sourced fratn othe, hbrary/
sources.
U4: Rajah Bose/AP/Ptess Association Images; Jonathan Larsen/
Diadem fmages/Alamy $ tock Photo; U6: ©Don Chaput; R2:
St8Ven Oay/AP/Ptess Associalk>n Images; U10: Africa Studio/
Shutterstock: ZUMA Press. lnc/Alamy Stock Photo: U14:
Courtesy of Deb McAlister·Holland; U16: Courtesy ol Taylor
Wilsoo; LS4: PSL lmagesJAlamy Stock POOlo; R4: Ruth ArnOSI
Stair Steady P<oducts lid; U17: Allyson Scott!Alamy Stock Photo;
WENN UK/Alamy Stock Photo; U18: Image Source/Alamy Stock
Photo; CS: ©Royal Ballet SchoollSchuhlelewis.oom; Courtesy
f ldyllwild Ar1s Academy; e, Sylvie-Ann PanVNationa.1Circus
hoof; U19: CBW/Alamy Stock Photo; ©Ncil Matthows; U20:
ience History lmages/Alamy Stock Photo;© Julian Seever.
Front cover photography by Priscilla GragwBlend Imagos/Getty

~~::;on
Ludovic Salle (Advocate Art): Chns Challik (The Bright Agency)
Tile publi.shers are gn,teful to lhe following contributors:
cover design and design concept: r'AStless; lyP')setting: emc
design Ltd: audio rocordlngs: produced by Leon Chambets and
recof'ded at The SoundHouse Studios. London; Life Skills and
Cuhure sections: Robert Quinn; Texts and exercises on pp. 11.
106·7: E.mma Heyderman; Grammar ,eferenoo and pradice
section: Louise Hashemi ancf Andrew Reid