RH Evisuals 6a

How do choices affect who you are?
choice choice choice choice
effect effect effect effect
eVisual 1.1 © Cengage Learning, Inc.
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How to Give Information
1. Name the topic. how to overcome fear
An example of how to overcome fear is to

2. Give an example.
face it with positive attitude.
One important detail is that when you

face your fear with positive attitude, you’ll
3. Give important details. see the true nature of your fear and make
the blindfold falls, so your fear can be
overcome.
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Give Information
This is .
These are .
For example, .
The is .
While , .
An example of is .
One important detail is .
This is a .
Its (is/are) and .
Important details are and .
6A-U1-1-3.indd 1 2020/1/6 下午6:36

Read
Aloud from “The Vision of the Sightless”
. . . Louis managed to finish the first year of basic education as a
notable scholar and a musician as well. His intelligence, dedication, and
determination to learn led him to obtain a scholarship . . .
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Plan and Monitor
I read .
I see .
I predict .
My prediction .
The text is about .

I read , and so I predict that .
My prediction was .
Next, I predict that .
I read , and so I predict that .

My prediction is (correct/incorrect) because .
I read on and learn .
Now I predict that .
6A-U1-1-5.indd 1 2020/1/6 下午6:39

wear v. wore, worn, wearing 1 to have on one’s
body I wear gloves when I garden. 2 to cause to
deteriorate from use The keys are wearing a hole
in my pocket. 3 to exhaust
Your constant complaining has worn down my
patience. n. 4 clothes worn for a certain purpose
or occasion The wedding guests are dressed in
formal wear. 5 durability under use I got a lot of
wear out of my coat this winter. 6 damage done
over time The front car tires show signs of wear.
6A-U1-1-6.indd 1 2020/2/5 下午5:42

Grammar Rules
1. To form the plural of most nouns, add -s or follow spelling rules.
2. A few nouns have irregular plural forms: mouse/mice, man/men.
3. Noncount nouns are always singular: clothing, milk, rain, soccer.
4. Collective nouns are usually singular: team, class, herd, flock.
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Grammar Rules
1. A complete sentence expresses a complete thought.

2. The subject tells who or what a sentence is about. The predicate
tells what the subject is, does, or has.
3. The complete subject includes all the words in the subject. The
complete predicate includes all the words in the predicate.
6A-U1-1-8.indd 1 2020/1/6 下午6:41

Close
Read
from “A Work in Progress”

1 When I was fourteen it was Easter Sunday, and I was
gonna be wearing a dress that I had purchased with
How did Aimee get the
my own money—the first thing I ever bought that money?
wasn’t on sale. Momentous event; you never forget = important time in life
it. I’d had a paper route since I was twelve, and I went
Aimee worked for two years to
to The Limited, and I bought this dress that I thought get the money for this dress.
was the height of sophistication—sleeveless safari

dress, belted, hits at the knee. = the end of the dress;
touches her knees
2 Coming downstairs into the living room, I see my

father waiting to take us to church. He takes one look
at me, and he says, “That doesn’t look right.
= the dress
Go upstairs and change.”
3 I was like “What? My super-classy dress? What are

you talking about? It’s the best thing I own.”
4 He said, “No, you can see the knee joint when you
walk. It doesn’t look right . It’s inappropriate to go
The father’s negative
out like that. Go change.” viewpoint may ruin Aimee’s
momentous event.
5 And I think something snapped in me. I refused to

= changed my viewpoint
change.
6A-U1-1-9.indd 1 2020/2/5 下午5:44

Read
Aloud An Important Choice
When I was younger, I had a lot of energy, so my parents enrolled me
in a summer gymnastics camp. Before long, I was doing back handsprings,
cartwheels, and flips. The coaches had a lot of praise for my potential as a
gymnast.
As I got older, however, my interests diverged toward other activities.

Even though I was a good gymnast, what I really wanted to do was play
the piano. I worried that giving up gymnastics for piano would earn me a
reputation as a quitter.
I didn’t want to be a quitter, so I continued with gymnastics and started

taking piano lessons. I soon saw that trying to do both activities was keeping
me from being very good at either. I didn’t know what to do. Luckily my dad
gave me some good advice: Do what you love. So I chose to focus on playing
the piano.
6A-U1-1-10.indd 1 2020/2/5 下午5:47

How to Ask and Answer Questions
1. Decide what you want to Provide details and information to answer
know. Ask for information. the question.
Why do you write something in This is my personal notepad. I write
that notebook all the time? observations of everything I see, and I also
write what I think. Writing is my hobby.
2. To learn more, ask another Provide more details and information.
question.
Can you explain more about I write things I observe and then my feelings
your hobby? and opinions. When I reread what I’ve
written, if I have a good idea or something,
I write a better version and I publish it in a
blog.
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Ask and Answer Questions
Why ?
This is .
(Do/Does) ?
Yes, . No, .
(Why/What) ?
This is .
Can you explain more about ?
because .
Why is ?
This is because and .
What else ?
Another reason is .
6A-U1-1-12.indd 1 2020/2/5 下午7:33

Read
Aloud
from “Hot Off the Press”
“I can’t publish this.”
Mrs. Mendoza looked up. “Why not?”
“It’s not the truth,” I said. “It causes harm. The cafeteria is helping
students, not hurting them. This isn’t responsible journalism.”
Mrs. Mendoza frowned. “Can you edit the story so it’s true?”
I nodded and quickly pounded out a revised—truthful—article.
Mrs. Mendoza read it. “Let’s publish it.”
6A-U1-1-13.indd 1 2020/2/6 下午3:37

Learn to Monitor
What does mean?
I will .
It means .
I’m confused about .

I to help me .
Now I understand .
What can I do if I do not understand ?

I can and .
I know that means because .
6A-U1-1-14.indd 1 2020/2/5 下午9:44

figure n. 1 a number He wrote the figure 84.
Synonyms: digit, numeral
2 an amount shown in numbers The figures
show an increase in sales. Synonyms: sum, total,
quantity
3 an outline or shape The shadowy figure on the
corner turned out to be a garbage can. Synonyms:
silhouette, outline, shape, form
v. 4 to understand or decide about something
Ben figured he could go to the game and still make
it home in time for dinner. Synonyms: conclude,
determine, suppose
5 to find the answer using math Amanda will
figure how many gallons of paint she needs to
paint her room. Synonyms: calculate, compute
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Grammar Rules
1. For subjects he, she, and it: Add -s to most action verbs.
2. For subjects I, you, we, and they: do not add an ending to most action verbs.
3. Verbs that end in x, ch, sh, ss, or z: Add -es when used with the subjects he, she,
and it. (wish/wishes)
4. Verbs that end in a consonant plus y: Change the y to an i and add -es. (try/tries)
5. Verbs that end in a vowel plus y: Add -s. (pay/pays)
6. Use have with I, you, we, and they. Use has with she, he, and it.
7. Use am with I. Use are with you, we, and they. Use is with she, he, and it.
6A-U1-1-16.indd 1 2020/2/5 下午9:45

Grammar Rules
1. If the simple subjects in a compound subject are joined by and,

use a plural verb: Simone, Eileen, and Josh are friends.
2. If the simple subjects in a compound subject are joined by or,
look at the last simple subject. If it is singular, use a singular verb.
If it is plural, use a plural verb:
My sisters or my dad takes me to school every day.
My dad or my sisters take me to school ever day.
6A-U1-1-17.indd 1 2020/2/5 下午9:46

Close
Read
from “The Spark of Determination”

1 He also had a lot of love for the family dogs. They
had a black Boston Bull Terrier named Spooky, and
then, after she passed away, a black and white
mixed-breed dog named Spike, which was
intelligent and fun to be around. But Sparky’s true
love was comic strips, and he grew up dreaming of
one day being able to draw his own comics.
2 Inspired by that dream, Sparky, at age 14, drew

the family dog, Spike, and he and his dad sent the
picture to a magazine. They wrote about how Spike Sparky had a cartoon
published when he was 14.
would eat all sorts of strange things, such as pins
and razor blades. The magazine published the
drawing, giving Sparky his first taste of success
as a cartoonist.
3 In spite of this first small but happy achievement,

Sparky’s teenage years were not easy. He was shy and
kept to himself a lot. Others perceived him as a good
kid but also an anxious one. In his senior year, he
decided to submit cartoons to his high school
yearbook, but the student committee in charge did Sparky’s high school yearbook
did not publish his cartoons.
not publish them. Despite this disappointment,
Sparky did not give up. He kept drawing. Drawing
and cartoons remained his main hobby and ambition.
6A-U1-1-18.indd 1 2020/2/6 下午3:32

Read
Aloud
Hurricane Warning
“Turn up the radio, Lexi.” Dad drove another nail into the plywood that
covered our windows as I turned up the radio’s volume. A reporter was
giving the latest information about the hurricane headed our way.
“Are we going to have to evacuate?” I asked. “Not sure yet,” Dad said.
“But we’re all preparing, just in case.”
I looked around our street. Next door, Mr. Mitchell loaded several
suitcases into the car. Across the street, Mrs. DeLuna dragged the outdoor
furniture into the garage. “Oh!” I said. “I think I left my bike in the backyard.”
As I was putting away my bike, Mom came up to me and said, “Better

finish packing your bag. The latest report has us directly in the storm’s path.
We’re leaving in an hour.” I ran to my room to pack my bag.
6A-U1-1-19.indd 35 2020/2/6 下午3:34

Writing Checklist
A good personal narrative
✓ has a beginning that tells about a problem, a middle, and an end
✓ includes real people, places, and events
✓ uses transition words to make the sequence clear
✓ uses specific examples and vivid, descriptive details
✓ tells why the experience was important.
6A-U1-1-20.indd 36 2020/2/6 下午3:34

Discuss the Rubric
It (is/is not) well-organized.
The sequence (is/is not) clear.
The ideas and events (do/do not) flow well.
A 4-point paper is .
The structure of the writing is .
The ideas and events .
A 4-point paper is and has a clear , but a

2-point paper is not and does not have a
clear .
In a 2-point paper, the ideas and events do not ,
but in a 4-point paper, the ideas and events .
6A-U1-1-22.indd 37 2020/2/5 下午10:03

• Start writing. Don’t stop for five minutes.
• Don’t focus on complete sentences or punctuation. Just put your
ideas on paper.
• Read what you wrote and circle the ideas, descriptions, and
phrases that you can use.
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When I grow up, I want to be a choreographer. Nothing would be more fun than
making up dances for a living! The dance studio announced auditions for a student-
choreographed dance show. How could I get the job?
I had to choose music and create my dance steps. I tried out dance moves. I
picked my favorite song. For part of the music, I waved my arms. For another part,
I moved with sharp steps. I looked at dance videos for more ideas. At last, I was
ready.
I stepped onto the stage. The first part went fine. Then I missed a jump. But
then I made a choice: I would do my best and never give up! I took a deep breath
and let the music and all my rehearsing take over. Then I bowed. I had done it!
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Unclear Sequence Clear Sequence
Swimming tryouts Swimming tryouts
were a month away. were a month away, so
I had to get ready. I I had to get ready. First,
practiced each day by I made a plan. Next , I
swimming laps at the practiced each day by
pool. I made a plan. swimming laps at the
pool.
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What does it take
to survive?
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How to Describe
I notice a brown toad that looks like a

1. Tell what a person or thing is like.
leaf.
2. Tell more about a person or thing. They look similar because of adaptations.
The toad appears ragged like the edges

3. Use descriptive words.
of the dry leaves.
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Describe
I see a .
It is .
It looks like a .
I notice .
They look .
The appears .
I notice .
It is and .
The appears because .
6A-U2-2-3.indd 1 2020/1/6 下午7:08

Read
Aloud from “Masters of Disguise”
What seems to be one thing in nature is often an imposter in disguise.

Looking through the viewfinder of my camera, I have seen plants that look
like rocks, shrimp that resemble blades of grass, and flowers that up and fly
away. A fly passes as a wasp; a caterpillar is disguised as a twig. Deceptions
such as these allow organisms to hide from predators . . .
6A-U2-2-4.indd 1 2020/1/6 下午7:24

Visualize
I read .
I see .
I know .
I read .
I (picture/imagine) .
This helps me understand .
I read and .
I (picture/imagine) and .
This helps me understand , because .
6A-U2-2-5.indd 1 2020/1/6 下午7:08

Related Words
Known Related
Word Word Definition
assumption assume to believe
to be true
optional option
confront confrontation
ensure sure
6A-U2-2-6.indd 1 2020/1/6 下午7:21

Grammar Rules
1. Subject pronouns can be singular or plural.

Singular: I, you, he, she, it Plural: we, you, they
2. Use a pronoun that shows the right person or thing and the
right number.
• one female = she one male = he one thing = it
• more than one female, male, or thing = they
6A-U2-2-7.indd 1 2020/1/6 下午7:24

Grammar Rules
1. Object pronouns answer the question “What” or “Whom.” They take the
place of nouns that come after action verbs or prepositions, such as in, of,
with, near, or for.
• The bird eats a caterpillar. The bird eats it.
• The insect hides in the leaves. The insect hides in them.
2. Object pronouns can be singular or plural.
• Singular: me, you, him (male), her (female), it • Plural: us, you, them
3. Use an object pronoun that shows the right number and person or thing.
• Tess asked Paul a question. Tess asked him a question.
• Paul answered Tess. Paul answered her.
• The teacher quizzed the students. The teacher quizzed them.
6A-U2-2-8.indd 1 2020/1/6 下午7:23

Close
Read
from “Living Nightmares”

1 GHOST SHRIMP A spookfish isn’t the only ghostly
sea critter. We spot our next one on a sea anemone.
It’s hard to see it, because a ghost shrimp’s body is
mostly clear .
2 The shrimp uses its body as camouflage , so it can = main idea of shrimp section
blend in wherever it goes. Other critters see

only the surface on which the shrimp is standing, so
the shrimp remains safely hidden from predators.
3 Being clear only works as long as the ghost

shrimp doesn’t eat. When the shrimp nibbles algae,
its food shows through its transparent body.
4 GLASS FROG Another ghostly creature lives in a

rain forest; it makes a squeaky “peep” sound. The
sound seems like it’s coming from a pale, green leaf,
but it looks as if there is no critter on the leaf.
5 Suddenly, a bump on the leaf wiggles, and it’s a

frog. Like the other ghostly creatures you’ve read
Main idea of both sections =
about, this frog is a master of disguise . Because Ghost shrimp and glass frogs
both have nearly invisible
it blends in with the leaf , it is almost invisible until it bodies, which they use to hide
from predators.
moves . It’s not the same color as the leaf, however.
= main idea of frog section
Like the shrimp, a glass frog blends in because it
has almost no color at all .
6A-U2-2-9.indd 1 2020/2/5 下午10:53

Read
Aloud The Trapdoor Spider
The trapdoor spider has a unique way of catching prey. Its name tells you
how—it builds a trapdoor! First the spider digs a burrow in the ground and
lines it with silk. Next the spider constructs a door to cover the hole at the top
of the burrow.
The door is hinged and fits snugly over the opening. Because it is made
of soil, the door is well camouflaged and blends in with the surroundings
on the surface. The spider may also cover the door with grass and twigs to
ensure it is well disguised.
After completing the burrow and door, the trapdoor spider sits and waits
for its prey, usually insects. When the spider senses vibrations above the
ground, it springs open the door, snatches the prey, and drags the prey into
the burrow.
Now the spider has a tasty meal without having to leave the comfort of
its home!
6A-U2-2-10.indd 1 2020/2/5 下午11:11

How to Elaborate
All living things share the same

1. Think about the idea or topic.
basic needs.
2. Add examples. For example, living things need water.
Not only do living things need water,

3. Tell more. Add details. but they would only live for a few days
without it.
6A-U2-2-11.indd 2 2020/1/6 下午7:11

Elaborate
What (can/does) ?
(can/does) .
An example is .
Also, .
For example, .
In addition, .
Not only , but .
is an example of .
In other words, .
To illustrate, not only , but
because .
6A-U2-2-12.indd 2 2020/1/6 下午7:07

Read
Aloud
from “Hatchet”
Here I am and that is nowhere. With his mind opened and thoughts
happening, it all tried to come in with a rush, all of what had occurred and he
could not take it. The whole thing turned into a confused jumble that made
no sense. So he fought it down and tried to take one thing at a time . . .
My name is Brian Robeson and I am thirteen years old and I am alone in

the north woods of Canada.
All right, he thought, that’s simple enough.
6A-U2-2-13.indd 1 2020/1/6 下午7:10

Learn to Visualize
I read .
I (see/hear) .
I feel .
I read .
I (see/hear) .
I feel .
I understand .
I read .
The words make me visualize and
feel .
I understand because .
6A-U2-2-14.indd 1 2020/1/6 下午7:07

ask v to make a request
Synonyms: demand, plead, request
fall v to move suddenly toward the ground

Synonyms: descend, dive, drop, plunge
happy adj. feeling joyful or pleased

Synonyms: glad, contented, delighted,
overjoyed
6A-U2-2-15.indd 24 2020/1/6 下午7:09

Grammar Rules
1. To show one owner, add ’s to the singular noun: Jan Jan’s.
2. To show more than one owner, add just an apostrophe (’) to
plural nouns that end in s: hikers hikers’.
3. For nouns that have special plurals that do not end in s,
add ’s: children children’s.
6A-U2-2-16.indd 1 2020/1/6 下午7:10

Possessive Adjectives Possessive Pronouns
To show one owner: To show one owner:

my your its mine yours
his (male) her (female) his (male) hers (female)
To show more than one owner: To show more than one owner:
our your their ours yours theirs
6A-U2-2-17.indd 1 2020/1/6 下午7:10

Close
Read
from “The Girl Who Fell from the Sky”
1 For someone who has never been in the rain

forest, it can seem threatening . Huge trees cast
mysterious shadows . Water drips constantly . The
rain forest often has a musty smell from the plants
that intertwine and ramble, grow and decay.
2 Insects rule the jungle , and I encounter them all:

ants, beetles, butterflies, grasshoppers, mosquitoes.
A certain type of fly will lay eggs under the skin or in
wounds. Stingless wild bees like to cling to hair.
3 Luckily, I’d lived in the jungle long enough as a

child to be acquainted with the bugs and other
creatures that scurry, rustle, whistle, and snarl . = My parents had taught me
almost everything about the
There was almost nothing my parents hadn’t taught jungle.
me about the jungle. I only had to find this

knowledge in my concussion-fogged head .
4 Suddenly I’m seized by an intense thirst. Thick

drops of water sparkle on the leaves around me, and
I lick them up. I walk in small circles around my seat ,
aware of how quickly you can lose your orientation
in the jungle. I memorize the location and markings
of one tree to keep my bearings.
6A-U2-2-18.indd 1 2020/2/5 下午11:15

Read
Aloud So Others May Live
Coast Guard rescue swimmer Chloe Fowler shivered and blew into her hands
as she walked into the building. The sizzling coming from the kitchen announced
dinner was almost ready. Then a call came in. A 50-year-old man aboard a
cruise ship had suffered a heart attack. He needed to be airlifted to a hospital
immediately. Dinner would have to wait. Everyone grabbed their gear and raced
toward the helicopter. Then they flew into the fading sunset.
Waves crashed against the ship’s hull as the helicopter hovered above it. The
pilot struggled to keep the helicopter steady in the fierce winds. “We should wait
for the winds to calm,” the flight mechanic said.
Fowler shook her head. She knew they had to go now. Using a cable, the
mechanic lowered a stretcher and then Fowler onto the ship. Once the patient was
on the stretcher, he was hoisted into the aircraft. Fowler was lifted next. As the
helicopter flew toward the hospital, Fowler whispered, “So others may live.” That
was the rescue swimmers’ motto. She smiled, knowing her victim would live.
6A-U2-2-19.indd 1 2020/2/5 下午11:18

Writing Checklist
A good expository report
✓ introduces the topic and a central or main idea about
the topic
✓ elaborates on the main idea with relevant supporting
details and examples
✓ organizes supporting details in a logical way
✓ ends with a conclusion that restates the main idea
✓ uses formal language and domain-specific vocabulary.
6A-U2-2-20.indd 2 2020/2/6 下午3:39

Discuss the Rubric
1. It (is / is not) well-organized.
2. The main idea (is / is not) clearly stated.
3. The supporting details (flow / do not flow) well.
The ideas and examples .
A 4-point paper is and has a clear , but a

1-point paper is not and does not have a
clear .
In a 1-point paper, the ideas and details do not ,
but in a 4-point paper, the ideas and details .
6A-U2-2-21.indd 2 2020/1/6 下午7:04

• Say whatever you think of.
• Draw pictures or write words.
• Listen to others and connect to their ideas.
• Don’t think about whether an idea is good or bad. Just write it or
draw it.
6A-U2-2-22.indd 2 2020/1/6 下午7:25

In the dark, no one can see. Many animals have developed adaptations
that allow them to survive in the dark.
Some animals rely on senses other than sight to survive in dark places.
Bats use sounds and their echoes. This ability is called echolocation. Mole
rats use their sense of smell.
Other animals adapt to the dark by giving off their own light. This is
called bioluminescence. Fireflies use this ability to communicate. So do some
creatures in the ocean.
From bats to fireflies to fish, nature has created many fascinating ways
for animals to thrive and survive in the dark.
6A-U2-2-23.indd 2 2020/1/6 下午7:05

Transition Words Needed Transition Words Added
Owl Pellets Owl Pellets
Owls eat small prey. They usually Owls eat small prey. They usually
swallow the animals whole. Owls cannot swallow the animals whole. However ,
digest all the parts. Bones and claws owls cannot digest all the parts.
are not digestible. They are squeezed Some parts, such as bones and
into a hard pellet. The owl spits out claws, are not digestible. Instead ,
the pellet. they are squeezed into a hard pellet.
Then the owl spits out the pellet.
6A-U2-2-24.indd 2 2020/1/6 下午7:05

Use a comma:
• after an introductory, or beginning, phrase of five or more words.
F rom bats to fireflies to fish, nature has created many fascinating ways for
animals to thrive and survive in the dark.
• after transition words and phrases such as For example, However, and Next.
For example, bats use sounds and their echoes to locate food.
• if you want the reader to pause or not get confused.

Suddenly, a bump on the leaf wiggles.
After eating, the caterpillar crawled away.
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How can we bring the past to life?
What I Know Already What I Want to Know What I Learned
6A-U3-3-1.indd 3 2020/1/6 下午8:45

How to Define and Explain
1. Name a word or idea. How archaeologists excavate
How archaeologists excavate means how

2. Tell what it means.
they uncover items that have been buried.
For example, they use special tools to

3. Give examples and dig. They do this because they have to be
information. careful with the pots, bones, and other
items in the debris.
6A-U3-3-2.indd 3 2020/1/6 下午8:45

Define and Explain
The word or idea is .
It means .
This is because .
means .
For example, .
because .
Based on the text, means .

For example, and .
In other words, .
6A-U3-3-3.indd 3 2020/1/6 下午8:45

Read
Aloud
from “Valley of the Kings”
In 1827, John Gardner Wilkinson was one of the founders of Egyptology.
He designated the tomb KV 5. This meant that it was the fifth tomb beyond
the entrance to the King’s Valley. Then for more than 150 years, KV 5 was all
but forgotten.
In 1989, I was directing a mapping project in the Valley of the Kings.
I wanted to relocate KV 5 . . .
6A-U3-3-4.indd 3 2020/1/6 下午8:44

Ask Questions
I read about .
I can ask about .
I read more and learn .
Now I understand that .
As I read about , I wonder .

I can .
Now I understand .
As I read about , I .
I can .
I continue reading and learn and .
This information helps me .
6A-U3-3-5.indd 1 2020/1/6 下午8:42

Grammar Rules
1. Use a present progressive verb to tell about an action that is happening now.
2. To form a present progressive verb, use am, is, or are and the -ing form of a
main verb: I am learning. She is learning. We are learning.
3. To make a negative sentence, put not between the helping verb and the
main verb: They are not digging. I am not watching.
4. Sometimes you have to change how the main verb is spelled. You may have to:
• drop the e before you add -ing: prepare + -ing = preparing
• double the consonant before you add -ing: run + -ing = running
6A-U3-3-6.indd 1 2020/1/6 下午8:44

Grammar Rules
1. A past progressive verb tells about an action happening in the

past. To form the past progressive, use the helping verb was or
were and the -ing form of the main verb.
2. A future progressive verb tells about an action happening in
the future. To form the future progressive, use the helping verbs
will be and the -ing form of the main verb.
6A-U3-3-7.indd 1 2020/1/6 下午8:43

Close
Read
from “Animals Everlasting”

1 For many decades , archaeologists and treasure
seekers led expeditions through the Egyptian desert.
Their quest was to find royal tombs and splendid
gold and painted masks and coffins . These would be
sent to adorn the estates and museums of Europe
and America. Lying among the ancient artifacts lay
many thousands of mummified animals that turned
up at sacred sites throughout Egypt. To those early
explorers, the carefully preserved remains were just
things to be cleared away to get at the good stuff.
Early explorers
Few people studied them, and their importance was did not value the
generally unrecognized. mummified animals.
2 In the past century , archaeology has become less

of a trophy hunt and more of a science. Excavators
now realize that much of their sites’ wealth lies in the
multitude of details about ordinary folks .
Archaeologists want to know what they did, what
they thought, how they prayed . Animal mummies
are a big part of that pay dirt.
6A-U3-3-8.indd 1 2020/1/6 下午8:43

Read
Aloud
Making a Mummy
To begin the mummification process, the body is washed with water and
natron, a salt-like mineral. Then the body is taken to a mud brick building.
There, the brain is removed and discarded. The intestines, stomach, liver, and
lungs are taken out and placed in jars. These jars are later placed in the tomb with
the body.
After the organs are removed, the body’s liquids are drained. Then the body
is packed and covered with natron to dry it out. Forty days later, the natron is
removed.
The now shrunken body is stuffed with linen to fill it out. The stuffed body is
painted with resin, a sap-like substance.
Next, the body is wrapped with linen bandages. Then amulets are placed on
the body, and the body is wrapped with another layer of linen. Finally, a mummy
mask is placed on the body and the mummy is put into its case.
6A-U3-3-9.indd 1 2020/2/5 下午11:22

How to Engage in Discussion
I agree with your idea that historical fiction

1. Listen actively. Share your
is interesting because we meet people
thoughts.
from the past.
I think you said you enjoy reading historical

2. Show you are listening by
fiction because it makes the past come to
reacting and restating.
life. Is that right?
3. Build on responses to I’d like to add on. I think historical fiction
tell your point of view or is also a good way to find out if you are
opinion. interested in a topic.
6A-U3-3-10.indd 3 2020/1/6 下午8:38

Engage in Discussion
Do you have any thoughts about ?
Yes, I’d like to share .
You said .
I agree with .
I agree with because .

What can you learn about from ?
I think you said . Is that right?
I’d like to add on. I think .
I (agree/disagree) because .
I have a different understanding about .
I understood .
I think you said because . Is that
correct?
6A-U3-3-11.indd 2 2020/1/6 下午8:35

Read
Aloud from “Ahmes’s Journal”
My father loves the brushes I make, but he doesn’t know I pay special
attention when I make them because I like to practice writing hieroglyphics
when no one is watching. I will be a craftsman, because that is my father’s
trade and that is the tradition, but I wish I could be a scribe and get all the
knowledge privileged kids have access to.
6A-U3-3-12.indd 3 2020/2/5 下午11:25

Learn to Ask Questions
Why ?
I read details that explain .
Now I know .
As I read, I wonder .
I find details about in the text.
Now I know .
I link and to figure out that .
The text says , but I wonder why .

I will look for details that might explain .
I link from the text and what I know
about to infer that .
6A-U3-3-13.indd 1 2020/1/6 下午8:34

Compound Word Meaning
sunrise the time when the sun comes up
workshop
classroom
6A-U3-3-14.indd 1 2020/2/5 下午11:26

Grammar Rules
1. An auxiliary verb works together with the main verb. Auxiliary
verbs include will and forms of be: am, are, is, was, were, will.
2. A pronoun and an auxiliary verb can form a contraction.
we are = we’re he is = he’s you will = you’ll
3. To make a sentence negative, place not after will or a form of be.
I am not robbing the tomb. They will not be stealing jewels.
4. An auxiliary verb can form a contraction with not.
are not = aren’t is not = isn’t will not = won’t
6A-U3-3-15.indd 1 2020/1/6 下午8:37

Grammar Rules
1. A modal verb is used to change the meaning of the main verb.
2. Use can to tell that someone is able to do something: You can learn those
things.
3. Use may, could, and might to tell that something is possible: Father may let
me go to school to become a scribe? I could write something like that. We
might become friends from now on.
4. Use must to show that someone is required to do something: You must be
respectful to those with more experience.
5. Use should to give an opinion or advice: You should go to school.
6. Use would to tell what someone is willing to do: I would do my best.
6A-U3-3-16.indd 1 2020/2/5 下午11:31

1. Ranofer feels that he should protect the treasures in the chamber.
2. At the same time, he knows that he must save his own life.
3. He wonders if he might achieve both of his goals.
4. As he reaches the top of the wall, he knows he can get out of the tomb.
6A-U3-3-17.indd 24 2020/1/6 下午8:36

Close
Read
from “The Golden Goblet”

1 As Ranofer looked into their quiet golden faces the
stealthy sounds of plundering in the next room
became horrible to him. For the first time he fully
understood this crime.
2 He straightened, all his fear gone and in its place

= uncaring, mean, awful, evil
hot fury. Those merciless and wicked ones!—to
break into this sacred place and steal the treasures
meant to comfort this old couple through their
= afterlife
Three Thousand Years! Whether rich gold or worn-
out sandals, these things belonged to them, no
living human had a right to set foot in this chamber,
not even the son of Thutra, who meant no harm.
Almost, he could hear the helpless fluttering of
these Old Ones’ frightened bas. So strong was the = souls
sensation that he dropped to his knees in profound

apology for his own intrusion. As he did so he saw
something else, a stack of wine jars just beyond one
of the coffins. They were capped with linen and
sealed with clay, and pressed into the clay was a
mark as well known to Ranofer as it was to everyone
else in Egypt. It was the personal seal of the great
noble, Huaa, only two years dead, the beloved
father of Queen Tiy.
6A-U3-3-18.indd 1 2020/2/6 下午3:39

Read
Aloud
Artisan in Training
Shortly after breakfast, Zet went to temple school. His first task was to
copy a text about a battle—again. He had copied the text several times, yet
it still had mistakes. Zet sighed, listening to the sounds of children playing
outside. Sometimes he envied his sister, who was still too young to go to
school.
It was tedious work to become a scribe, but Zet wanted to be one. Well,
what he really wanted to be was an artist who painted decorations on tomb
walls. But to do that, he first had to train as a scribe. All of these years of
training will be worth it, he thought, to be such an artisan.
Zet dipped his reed pen into the dark pigment and began a fresh copy of
the battle. He carefully made one mark, then another. He was determined to
make no mistakes this time.
6A-U3-3-19.indd 1 2020/2/5 下午11:39

Writing Checklist
A good research report
✓ has a clear, focused central idea or message
✓ fully develops the central idea by providing facts, details,
and information from multiple sources
✓ uses visuals to clarify the text
✓ includes a meaningful introduction and conclusion
✓ contains formal language and domain-specific vocabulary
✓ lists the sources the writer used for the report.
6A-U3-3-20.indd 3 2020/2/6 下午3:40

Discuss the Rubric
It (has/does not have) focus.

The central idea (is/is not) clear and interesting.
The details (support/do not support) the central idea.
A 4-point paper has writing that .

The central idea is .
The details the central idea.
A 4-point paper has , but a 2-point

paper .
In a 2-point paper, the details , but in a 4-point
paper, the details .
6A-U3-3-1.indd 3 2020/1/6 下午7:32

Idea Web
6A-U3-3-22.indd 3 2020/1/6 下午8:32

The path Hatshepsut took to become pharaoh was unheard of for a
woman in ancient Egypt. She was the daughter of the pharaoh Thutmose I
and the wife of the next pharaoh, Thutmose II. She became pharaoh. Her
stepson, Thutmose III, was supposed to inherit the throne. Thutmose II died.
Hatshepsut stepped in as a temporary ruler. She had to because Thutmose
III was just a little kid. Also, one of Thutmose I’s other wives was the mother
of Thutmose II.
6A-U3-3-23.indd 3 2020/1/6 下午8:31

Not in Writer’s Own Words In Writer’s Own Words
As pharaoh, she oversaw As pharaoh, she built many
ambitious building projects, most temples throughout Egypt. One of
notably the splendid Temple of her most magnificent temples still
Deir el Bahri, situated in western stands at Deir el Bahri, which is in
Thebes. western Thebes.
6A-U3-3-24.indd 3 2020/1/6 下午8:31

-er = “one who”: believe + er = believer
-ful = “full of”: beauty + ful = beautiful
-ment = “action or process“: develop + ment = development
6A-U3-3-25.indd 3 2020/1/6 下午8:30

Why is diversity important?
6A-U4-4-1.indd 2 2020/2/5 下午11:40

How to Make an Argument
We should let gray wolves stay in their

1. State your claim clearly.
natural territory . . .
2. Tell a reason why you think this . . . because they are an important part
way. of a balanced ecosystem.
It is a fact that wolves keep the deer

3. Give evidence. Include facts and population balanced. According to
expert opinions. experts, there would be too many deer
without wolves.
6A-U4-4-2.indd 2 2020/1/6 下午9:00

Make an Argument
We should .
I think this because .
One fact is .
We should because .
It is a fact that .
According to experts, .
It is important that should .

I believe this because and .
Moreover, experts say .
6A-U4-4-3.indd 4 2020/1/6 下午8:59

Read
Aloud from “A Natural Balance”
You wash your face, chat with your family, eat your breakfast, and jump on
the school bus. Even before you get to school, you have interacted with
many people and things. Believe it or not, all of the things you do—your
outdoor activities, what you eat and drink, how you travel from place to
place—have an impact on the world around you.
6A-U4-4-4.indd 4 2020/1/6 下午8:58

Make Connections
I read .
I think about .
Now I know .
I read .
This reminds me of .
This helps me understand .
When I read , it reminded me of

where I learned .
Now I understand .
This is an example of a connection.
6A-U4-4-5.indd 4 2020/2/6 下午3:40

Prefix Meaning Example
re- again rename
dis- not, opposite of distrust
mis- wrong misspell
un- not untie
6A-U4-4-6.indd 15 2020/1/6 下午8:57

Grammar Rules
1. An adjective often comes before the noun it tells about.

2. An adjective can also come after a form of the verb be or
a verb such as look, feel, taste, or smell.
3. Some adjectives describe an unknown amount or number.
These adjectives include many, some, several, few, and most.
4. A noun phrase is made up of all the words that describe a noun.
6A-U4-4-7.indd 6 2020/1/6 下午8:58

Grammar Rules
1. Adverbs tell more about a verb. They describe how, when, or where.

The bird chirps loudly.
2. Adverbs can tell more about an adjective or another adverb.
The scientist’s work is really good. She works very hard.
3. To compare two actions, use the word more or less or add -er.

Ann talks more loudly than Sue. Thad works harder than Ellie.
4. To compare three or more actions, use most or least or add -est.

Kim talks the most loudly of all. Sam works the hardest of all.
6A-U4-4-8.indd 1 2020/1/6 下午8:58

Close
Read
from “Mireya Mayor”

1 An expedition also led [Mireya] Mayor to Namibia.
She went into a veterinarian’s haven, or
safe place, for leopards. “While caring for the
leopards,” Mayor explains, “the vet accidentally
discovered a cure for fluid in the brain . It is a
disease that also occurs in human infants . As a
result of our film and the media attention it
received, new studies are now taking place in
children’s hospitals. That is why I consider
my television work just as important as my conservation
field work,” she notes.
= shows
“The TV series sheds light on
= bad situation
the plight of endangered species and animals
around the world. Television has the power to help
people know and connect with these animals and
Author’s Viewpoint: Mireya
habitats that are disappearing . We may be facing Mayor thinks we need to
make more people aware of
the largest mass extinction of our time. Awareness endangered animals in order
to save them.
is crucial . If we don’t act now, it will be too late.”
6A-U4-4-9.indd 1 2020/2/6 下午3:41

Read
Aloud Mireya Mayor
Does the idea of exploring jungles and rainforests sound appealing? Would
you like to spend the night among wild animals? If you answered yes, then you’ll
want to meet Mireya Mayor.
Mayor is a passionate scientist, explorer, and National Geographic wildlife
correspondent. Her adventurous spirit often takes her into remote parts of the
world to learn about animals on the brink of extinction. It is not uncommon for
Mayor to spend months at a time in these areas, studying animals.
Her determination helps her succeed where others fail. For example,
she completed the first long-term studies of endangered lemur species in
Madagascar. She also co-discovered a new species of mouse lemur. This work led
to the creation of a national park to preserve lemur habitats.
Thanks to Mayor’s tireless spirit and outstanding writing and reporting,
people are becoming more aware of the creatures and habitats that need our
protection.
6A-U4-4-11.indd 35 2020/2/5 下午11:50

How to Use Appropriate Language
Formal Informal
to stop hotel to stop hotel

1. Identify your purpose.
development development
2. Identify your audience. the City Council a group of friends
3. Use formal language for formal Thank you for Thanks! Let’s talk
situations and audiences. Use allowing me to about the new
informal language for informal present objections to hotel they plan
situations and audiences. the proposed hotel. to build.
6A-U4-4-11.indd 2 2020/2/5 下午11:56

Use Appropriate Language
Formal Informal
Thank you. May I ? Thanks! Can I ?
Would you please ? Can you ?
Good morning, . Hi, !
Formal Informal
Thank you for . Thanks!
May I ? Let’s .
Would you mind ? Can you ?
Formal Informal
Thank you for . Thanks! Can I
May I please ? and ?
Would it be possible How about

to ? and ?
6A-U4-4-12.indd 1 2020/2/5 下午11:57

Read
Aloud from “If Trees Could Talk”
His mom didn’t answer, so Kale went looking for her. He and Noah
found her in the kitchen. She was reading a letter—and frowning.
Kale dropped his book bag onto the table. “What’s that?“ he said.
His mom sighed. “The managers of our apartment complex think it’s
good news. I don’t think you and Noah will agree with them.“
6A-U4-4-13.indd 38 2020/2/5 下午11:59

Make Connections
The topic is .
makes me think of .
Now I understand .
The topic is .
I already know .
Because I know , I understand .
The topic is .
reminds me of and .
Because I know and ,
I understand .
6A-U4-4-14.indd 1 2020/2/6 上午12:00

Root Origin Meaning
cardio Greek heart
meter Greek measure
sol Latin sun
therm Greek heat; warm
6A-U4-4-15.indd 1 2020/2/6 上午12:00

Grammar Rules
1. To make the present participle, add –ing to a verb:

The fluttering leaves fall to the ground.
2. A participle can go in front of a noun or pronoun, like an
adjective can:

We listened to the singing bird.
3. You can also put a participle at the very beginning of a sentence,
followed by a comma:

Singing, the bird called to its mate.
6A-U4-4-16.indd 1 2020/2/6 上午12:01

Grammar Rules
1. To form the past participle of a regular verb, add -ed.

The determined hikers continued their walk in the rain.
2. Some verbs may have irregular past participles, such as torn (tear),
broken (break), and frozen (freeze).
I can fix the broken fence.
3. You can put a past participle in front of a noun or pronoun. You can
also put it at the start of a sentence, followed by a comma.
The confused explorer looked for her map.
Confused, the explorer looked for her map
6A-U4-4-17.indd 1 2020/2/6 上午12:01

Close
Read
from “The Super Trees”

1 Nearly 100 years later, John Muir’s work
to save the redwoods is carried on by people like It could be said that the
history of modern America has
Mike Fay . It could be said that the history of modern happened in the presence of
redwoods.
America is carved in redwood. Mike Fay has spent
three decades helping save African forests. He is a
Wildlife Conservation Society biologist and National
Geographic Society explorer-in-residence.
2 Mike Fay’s love for the iconic American trees

began a few years ago after he explored the
largest intact jungle remaining in Africa. One day
while driving along the northern California coast, he
found himself gazing at areas of clear-cuts and
spindly second-growth forests . Another time in a
state park, a six-foot-tall slice of an old redwood log
on display caught his attention. Near the burgundy
center a label read: “1492 Columbus.”
3 ”The one that got me was about three inches

from the edge,” Fay says. “’Gold Rush, 1849.’ And
I realized that within the last few inches of that
tree’s life, we’d very nearly liquidated a 2,000-year-
old forest.”
6A-U4-4-18.indd 1 2020/2/6 上午12:02

Read
Aloud Going Fishing
Tanya holds out a can of worms for Will to see. “I got a bunch of worms
this morning. Let’s go fishing.”
Looking at the worms, Will makes a sour face and says, “Naw, I think the
fish should stay in the water.”
“Come on,” says Tanya. “We’ll do catch-and-release.”
“Catch-and-release is just as bad!” says Will, looking horrified. “Taking out
the hook from the fish’s mouth can do serious damage to it. Even worse, the
fish starts to suffocate as soon as you take it out of the water.”
“Please!” says Tanya. “Fishing is really fun!”
Seeing Tanya’s enthusiasm, Will reluctantly agrees to go along. But he
thinks to himself I don’t actually have to catch any fish.
6A-U4-4-19.indd 35 2020/2/6 上午12:04

Writing Checklist
A good argument
✓ begins with a clearly stated claim
✓ supports the claim with strong reasons and specific evidence
from credible sources
✓ includes formal language and domain-specific vocabulary
✓ concludes by telling readers what action to take.
6A-U4-4-20.indd 24 2020/2/6 下午3:42

Discuss the Rubric
TRAIT: ORGANIZATION
It (is/is not) well-organized.
The claim (is/is not) clearly stated.
The supporting reasons (flow/do not flow) well.
The reasons and evidence .
A 4-point paper is and has a clear ,

but a 2-point paper is not and does not have
a clear .
In a 2-point paper, the claim and reasons ,
but in a 4-point paper, the claim and reasons .
6A-U4-4-21.indd 36 2020/2/6 上午12:06

• Start writing. Don’t stop for five minutes.
• Don’t focus on complete sentences or punctuation. Just put your
ideas on paper.
• Read what you wrote and circle the ideas, reasons, and evidence
that you think you can use.
6A-U4-4-22.indd 37 2020/2/6 上午12:06

Do you want to help endangered animals but don’t know how? You should join
Condor Watch to help save California condors.
Condor Watch needs volunteers like you. Only a few California condors live in the
wild. Scientists have installed cameras that take tons of photos of condors. This data
helps scientists understand what’s going on with the condors.
Participating in Condor Watch is easy. All you need is online access. The
Web site shows you how to identify condors in a photo and send the information
to researchers. You can do real scientific research right from home. The scientists
need help.
Condor Watch is a great way to save an animal. Help save condors!
6A-U4-4-23.indd 38 2020/2/6 上午12:07

Vague, Unsupported Evidence Specific, Credible Evidence
Start a program to help endangered Start a Wildlife Heroes
animals now! Most endangered and program to help endangered species
threatened species are affected by loss now! According to the World Wildlife
of habitat. Foundation, the biggest threat to
85% of endangered and threatened
species is loss of habitat.
6A-U4-4-24.indd 39 2020/2/6 上午12:07

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How do choices affect who you are?

choice choice choice choice

effect effect effect effect

eVisual 1.1 © Cengage Learning, Inc.

6A-U1-1-1.indd 1 2020/1/6 下午6:31

1. Name the topic. how to overcome fear

An example of how to overcome fear is to

One important detail is that when you

eVisual 1.2 © Cengage Learning, Inc.

6A-U1-1-2.indd 2 2020/2/5 下午5:40

eVisual 1.3 © Cengage Learning, Inc.

6A-U1-1-3.indd 1 2020/1/6 下午6:36

eVisual 1.4 © Cengage Learning, Inc.

6A-U1-1-4.indd 4 2020/2/6 下午3:24

The text is about .

I read , and so I predict that .

eVisual 1.5 © Cengage Learning, Inc.

6A-U1-1-5.indd 1 2020/1/6 下午6:39

eVisual 1.6 © Cengage Learning, Inc.

6A-U1-1-6.indd 1 2020/2/5 下午5:42

eVisual 1.7 © Cengage Learning, Inc.

6A-U1-1-7.indd 6 2020/1/6 下午6:38

1. A complete sentence expresses a complete thought.

eVisual 1.8 © Cengage Learning, Inc.

6A-U1-1-8.indd 1 2020/1/6 下午6:41

from “A Work in Progress”

was the height of sophistication—sleeveless safari

2 Coming downstairs into the living room, I see my

3 I was like “What? My super-classy dress? What are

5 And I think something snapped in me. I refused to

eVisual 1.9 © Cengage Learning, Inc.

6A-U1-1-9.indd 1 2020/2/5 下午5:44

As I got older, however, my interests diverged toward other activities.

I didn’t want to be a quitter, so I continued with gymnastics and started

eVisual 1.10 © Cengage Learning, Inc.

6A-U1-1-10.indd 1 2020/2/5 下午5:47

eVisual 1.11 © Cengage Learning, Inc.

6A-U1-1-11.indd 2 2020/2/6 下午3:27

eVisual 1.12 © Cengage Learning, Inc.

6A-U1-1-12.indd 1 2020/2/5 下午7:33

Mrs. Mendoza looked up. “Why not?”

I nodded and quickly pounded out a revised—truthful—article.

Mrs. Mendoza read it. “Let’s publish it.”

eVisual 1.13 © Cengage Learning, Inc.

6A-U1-1-13.indd 1 2020/2/6 下午3:37

I’m confused about .

What can I do if I do not understand ?

eVisual 1.14 © Cengage Learning, Inc.

6A-U1-1-14.indd 1 2020/2/5 下午9:44

eVisual 1.15 © Cengage Learning, Inc.

6A-U1-1-15.indd 32 2020/2/5 下午9:45

eVisual 1.16 © Cengage Learning, Inc.

6A-U1-1-16.indd 1 2020/2/5 下午9:45

1. If the simple subjects in a compound subject are joined by and,

eVisual 1.17 © Cengage Learning, Inc.

6A-U1-1-17.indd 1 2020/2/5 下午9:46

from “The Spark of Determination”

2 Inspired by that dream, Sparky, at age 14, drew

3 In spite of this first small but happy achievement,

eVisual 1.18 © Cengage Learning, Inc.

6A-U1-1-18.indd 1 2020/2/6 下午3:32

As I was putting away my bike, Mom came up to me and said, “Better

eVisual 1.19 © Cengage Learning, Inc.

1. If the simple subjects in a compound subject are joined by and,

1. Subject pronouns can be singular or plural.