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Combinatorics
The Sum Rule and the Product Rule, Permutations and Combinations,
The Pigeonhole Principle, Generalized Permutations and Combinations,
Sequences and Selections, The Inclusion-Exclusion Principle, Systems of
Distinct representatives (SDR), Ordinary and exponential Generating
Functions, Partitions of a positive Integer, Recurrence Relations,
algebraic solution of Linear Recurrence Relations with Constant
Coefficients, Solution of Recurrence Relations Using generating
Functions, The Bunsid- Frobenius Theorem, Permutation Groups, and
Their Cycle Indices, Polya’s Enumeration Theorem.

Q1a). Find all complex solutions of the following equations:

9
(i) z = z; (ii) z +z = 0; (iii) z = z

b). Let

{
3
z
, if z ≠ 0
f ( z )= z
0 if z=0
Show that
(i). f(z) is continuous everywhere on C;
(ii) the complex derivative f (0) does not exist.
'
Q2 a). Show that
|z 1 + z 2| +|z 1−z 2| =2(|z1| +|z 2| )
2 2 2 2

b). Show that |Log(z)| ≤ |ln|z||+π , for all z ≠ 0.

z
c). Show that lim z does not exist,
z→0

Q3a). Find the four roots of the polynomial z +16 and use 4

these to factor z +16 into two quadratic polynomials with

4

real coefficients.
b). Suppose that f(z) = x − y −2 y +i ( 2 x−2 xy ) , where z = x+iy. Use
2 2

z+ z
the expressions x= 2 and
z−z
y=
2i
, to write f(z) in terms of z and simplify the result.
Q4a). Show that |sinz|2 = (sinx)2 + (sinhy)2 for all complex
numbers z = x+yi.
b). Find all the complex roots of the equation cosz = 3.
Q5. Compute the following limits if they exist:
i z 3 +1
a). lim
z →−i z 2 +1
,
2
4+ z ℑ( z)
b). lim
z →∞ (z−1)
2 , c). lim z→0 z