shrink.

swell.
CFU SESSION # 9, 10 LECTURE (P2_W1)
Total points19/20 To prevent Clostridium infections in a hospital setting,
 
what kind of disinfectant should be used?*
SESSION # 9
1/1
10 of 10 points
CONTROLLING MICROBIAL GROWTH IN VITRO fungicidal
pseudomonicidal
sporicidal
It would be necessary to use a tuberculocidal agent to kill a tuberculocidal
particular species of:*
Sterilization can be accomplished by use of:*
1/1
1/1
Clostridium.
Mycobacterium. an autoclave.
Staphylococcus. antiseptics.
Streptococcus. medical aseptic techniques.
pasteurization.
Pasteurization is an example of what kind of technique?*
The goal of medical asepsis is to kill __________, whereas
1/1
the goal of surgical asepsis is to kill__________.*
antiseptic
disinfection 1/1
sterilization
surgical aseptic all microorganisms . . .. pathogens
bacteria . . .. bacteria and viruses
nonpathogens . . .. pathogens
The combination of freezing and drying is known as:* pathogens . . .. all microorganisms
1/1
Which of the following types of culture media is selective
desiccation.
lyophilization. and differential?*
pasteurization.
1/1
tyndallization.
blood agar
Organisms that live in and around hydrothermal vents at MacConkey agar
phenylethyl alcohol agar
the bottom of the ocean are:* Thayer-Martin agar
1/1
All the following types of culture media are enriched and
acidophilic, psychrophilic, and halophilic.
halophilic, alkaliphilic, and psychrophilic. selective except:*
halophilic, psychrophilic, and piezophilic.
1/1
halophilic, thermophilic, and piezophilic.
blood agar.
When placed into a hypertonic solution, a bacterial cell colistin–nalidixic acid agar.
phenylethyl alcohol agar.
will:* Thayer-Martin agar.
1/1
SESSION # 10
take in more water than it releases.
9 of 10 points
lyse.
CONTROLLING MICROBIAL GROWTH IN VIVO USING Salvarsan
Septra
ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS synergism

Which of the following is least likely to be taken into Some bacteria produce enzymes that destroy the B-lactam
consideration when deciding which antibiotic to prescribe ring; these enzymes are known as:*
for a patient?* 0/1
1/1
B-lactamases
patient’s age lactam
patient’s underlying medical conditions penicillinases
patient’s weight cephalosporinases
other medications that the patient is taking
Refer to an organism that is resistant to only one
This drug inhibit production of folic acid (a vitamin) in antimicrobial agent, the term usually refers to multiply
those bacteria that require ρ-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) to drug-resistant organisms.*
synthesize folic acid* 1/1
1/1
drug resistance
penicillin multi drug resistance
sulfonamide super bugs
cephalosporin both A and B
aminoglycosides
These strains are resistant to all antistaphylococcal drugs
Which of the following is not a common mechanism by except vancomycin and one or two more recently
which antimicrobial agents kill or inhibit the growth of developed drugs.*
bacteria?* 1/1
1/1
MRSA
damage to cell membranes VISA
destruction of capsules MDR-TB
inhibition of cell wall synthesis VRE
inhibition of protein synthesis
These strains are resistant to most antienterococcal drugs,
Multidrug therapy is always used when a patient is including vancomycin*
diagnosed as having:* 1/1
1/1
MRSA
an infection caused by MRSA. VISA
diphtheria. MDR-TB
strep throat. VRE
tuberculosis.
These strains are resistant to the two most effective first-
Which of the following terms or names has nothing to do line therapeutic drugs—isoniazid and rifampin.*
with the use of two drugs simultaneously?* 1/1
1/1
MRSA
antagonism VISA
MDR-TB
VRE Which of the following chemical food preservatives is used

in the wine industry but may cause asthmatic reactions in

some individuals?*
POST TEST SESSION # 9,10 LECTURE (W1_P2)
1/1
Total points13/15
  Opnitrites
sulfites
SESSION # 9, 10
propionic acid
13 of 15 points benzoic acid
Which of the following types of medical items requires
The use of any drug to treat any disease or condition
sterilization?*
*
1/1
1/1
needles
bed linens chemotherapy
respiratory masks Antibacterial agents
blood pressure cuffs Antifungal agents
Antiviral AGENT
 Which of the following is suitable for use on tissues for
  Any drug used to treat any condition or disease
microbial control to prevent infection?*
1/1
1/1
chemotherapy
disinfectant Chemotherapeutic agent
antiseptic Antibacterial agents
sterilant Antiviral AGENT
water

What are the five most common mechanisms of action for

Which of the following best describes a microbial control
antimicrobial agents?
protocol that inhibits the growth of molds and yeast?*
*
0/1
1/1
bacteriostatic
fungicidal inhibition of cell wall synthesis
bactericidal inhibition of protein synthesis
fungistatic damage cell membranes
All of the above
None of the above
Which of the following refers to a disinfecting chemical

dissolved in alcohol?*  Microorganism obtained their carbon source from the

1/1 carbon dioxide are called?

Oiodophor *
tincture
phenolic 0/1
peroxygen
Chemotroph
Autotroph
Heterotroph
Saprophyte
 air
Bacteria mainly grow via binary fission. Some can grow by  volcanoes
* Soil

1/1

Budding only
Fragmentation
P2 WK2_HES 007 CHECK FOR UNDERSTANDING (8/23/22)
Spores only
Budding,spores, or fragmentation
Total points8/10
Antibiotics kill both viruses and bacteria that cause illness.
PART 1 - SESSION 11                          MICROBIAL ECOLOGY
* AND MICROBIAL BIOTECHNOLOGY
8 of 10 points
1/1
 
TRUE
False
1. 1. A symbiont could be a(n):
*
Antibiotics will help you get better from a cold or the flu.

*
1/1
1/1
a. commensal.
TRUE
FALSE
b. opportunist
To be effective , cleaning and sanitizing  must be a
c. parasite
________ step process*

1/1 d. all of the above

one
two  
three
four Option 5

Which of the following drug classes specifically inhibits  

neuronal transmission in helminths?

* 2.  Escherichia coli living in the human colon can be

considered to be a(n):*
1/1

quinolines 1/1
avermectins
amantadines
imidazoles 1 a. endosymbiont.

Which of the following has yielded compounds with the b. opportunist.

most antimicrobial activity?

c. symbiont in a mutualistic relationship.
1/1
d. all of the above
water
 
1/1

 
a. mutualism

3.  Which of the following sites of the human body does  

not have indigenous microflora?*
b. neutralism

1/1
c. parasitism

a. bloodstream
d. commensalism

 
 

b. colon
6.  A symbiotic relationship that is beneficial to one
c. distal urethra symbiont (the parasite) and detrimental to the other
symbiont.*
d. vagina

0/1
 

a. mutualism
4.  Which of the following would be present in highest
numbers in the indigenous microflora of the skin?* b. neutralism

c. parasitism
0/1

d. commensalism
a. C. albicans

 
b. coagulase-negative staphylococci

Correct answer
c. Enterococcus spp.
c. parasitism
 
 
d. E. coli
7.   These microorganisms can cause bovine spongiform
Correct answer encephalopathy (“mad cow disease”) and scrapie.*
b. coagulase-negative staphylococci

1/1
 

a. prion diseases
5.  An intestinal bacterium Escherichia coli, which obtains
nutrients from food materials ingested by the host and  
produces vitamins (such as vitamin K) that are used by the
host is an example of what symbiotic relationship?* b. viral diseases
 c. fungal diseases
1/1

d. protozoal diseases
a. synergism

 
 

8.  These microorganisms can cause infectious bovine b. antagonism

rhinotracheitis, influenza, rabies, swine pox, vesicular
stomatitis, and warts.* c. agonism

d. both a and b
1/1

a. prion diseases
P2 WK2_HES 007 POST TEST (8/23/22)

b. viral diseases
Total points10/10

  FILL IN THE BLANK

10 of 10 points 
c. fungal diseases All humans have ________ bacteria in their colon which is
the most common cause of UTIs.*
d. protozoal diseases

1/1
 

Clostridium
9.  A group of bacteria convert nitrates to atmospheric
nitrogen gas (N2).* E. coli

 
1/1

Streptococcus
a. nitrifying bacteria

Pseudomonas
b. nitrogen-fixing bacteria

 
c. cyanobacteria

d. denitrifying bacteria Cultures of _____________________ in yogurt or in

medications may be prescribed to reestablish and stabilize
  the microbial balance.*

 
1/1

10.   When two or more microbes “team up” to produce a Lactobacillus

disease that neither could cause by itself, the
phenomenon is referred to as?*  
 Gram-negative bacillus
1/1

Klebsiella
same

Enterococcus
equal

 
another

Algae and _________ are used as a source of single-cell  

protein for animal and human consumption.*
mutual

1/1
 

yeasts
The most common organisms in the indigenous microflora
fungi of the mouth are various species of
________________________________.*
 

1/1
microbes

A-hemolytic streptococci
amino acids

 
 

a Gram-negative bacillus named Helicobacter pylori

The colon contains as many as _____________ different
species— primarily bacteria.* Escherichia coli

Chlamydia trachomatis
1/1

 
100 to 200

200 to 300 Opportunistic pathogens (opportunists) can be thought of

as organisms that are hanging around, awaiting the
300 to 400 opportunity to cause serious infections should they find
their way to a site such as the urinary bladder,
500 to 600 _______________________, or wound.*

 
1/1

 
gastrointestinal tract

A host is defined as a living organism that harbors distal urethra

____________ living organism.*
bloodstream
  Plants use the ___________ to build plant proteins which
are then eaten by animals, which in turn use them to build
colon
animal proteins.*

 
1/1

It has been estimated that our bodies are composed of

nitrates
about ____________________ cells  (including nerve cells,
muscle cells, and epithelial cells), and that we have about  
10 times that many microbes that live on and within our
bodies.* amino acids

1/1 Microbial enzymes

500 and 1,000 million cells Yeasts

500 billion cells

5 trillion cells
P2 WK3: CHECK FOR UNDERSTANDING
10 trillion cells
SESSION 12, 13, 14

  MULTIPLE CHOICE
Diseases that occur in a greater than usual number of
  cases in a particular region, and usually occur within a
relativelyshort period of time.*
_______________ are very resistant to antibiotics,
disinfectants, and certain types of host defense sporadic
mechanisms.*
endemic

1/1 epidemic

Antibiotics pandemic

Biofilms
Disease that is occurring in epidemic proportions in many
countries simultaneously— sometimes worldwide.*
 

epidemic
microcolonies

sporadic
leukocytes

endemic
 

pandemic
Diseases that are always present within the population of The number of cases of the disease existing in a given
a particular geographic area. The number of cases of the population at a particular moment in time*
disease may fluctuate over time, but the disease never
dies out completely.* incidence rate

sporadic prevalence

endemic mortality rate

epidemic morbidity rate

pandemic Is a serious, contagious, and sometimes fatal viral disease.

Patients experience fever, malaise, headache, prostration,
A way for the pathogen to travel from Andy to another severe backache, a characteristic skin rash, and occasional
person.* abdominal pain and vomiting.*

portal of exit anthrax

reservoir botulism

portal of entry smallpox

mode of transmission plague

A way for the pathogen to escape from the reservoir.* Infections involve marked hemorrhaging and serous
effusions (fluid that has escaped from blood or lymphatic
portal of exit vessels) in various organs and body cavities and are
frequently fatal.*
reservoir
anthrax
portal of entry
botulism
mode of transmission
smallpox
Usually expressed as the number of new cases of a
particular disease that occurred during a specified time plague
period per a specifically defined population.*
Is predominantly a zoonosis and is usually transmitted to
incidence rate humans by flea bit.*

prevalence anthrax

mortality rate botulism

morbidity rate smallpox

 plague eradication of an infectious disease

The toxin is odorless and tasteless, and only a tiny quantity A HAI is one that:*
of the toxin need be ingested to cause a potentially fatal
case.* develops during hospitalization or erupts within 14 days
of hospital discharge.
anthrax
develops while the patient is hospitalized.
botulism
is acquired in the community.
smallpox
the patient has at the time of hospital admission.
plague
An example of a fomite would be:*
Pose the greatest possible threat for a bad effect on public
health and may spread across a large area or need public a drinking glass used by a patient.
awareness.*
bandages from an infected wound.
Category A
soiled bed linens.
Category B
all of the above.
Category C
Which of the following Gram-positive bacteria is most
Category D likely to be the cause of a HAI?*

Currently not believed to present a high bioterrorism risk difficile

to, but could emerge as future threats.*
S. aureus
Category A
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Category B
S. pyogenes
Category C
Which of the following Gram-negative bacteria is least
Category D likely to be the cause of a HAI?*

Achieving a status where no further cases of that disease a Klebsiella species

occur anywhere and where continued control measures
are unnecessary* a Salmonella species

E. coli
enhancement of an infectious disease

P. aeruginosa
elimination of an infectious disease

control of an infectious disease

A Protective Environment would be appropriate for a Where
patient:*
Why

infected with MRSA.

What is the function of diversity in Public health?*
with leukopenia.
It deals with spreading diseases and preventing such
with pneumonic plague. diseases to people and their communities.

with tuberculosis. It creates a more inclusive environment for people in

general so that they can work together with other
people from different backgrounds.
Which of the following is not part of Standard
Precautions?*
It works to prevent and control diseases, injuries, and
other health issues that affect people's lives
handwashing between patient contacts
It doesn't have any role in Public health.
placing a patient in a private room having negative air
pressure
The community health nurse knows that early attempts to

properly disposing of needles, scalpels, and other sharps understand illness and disease focused on the study of the
experiences of individual people. Using this knowledge,
wearing gloves, masks, eye protection, and gowns when how would the nurse define epidemiology to a group of
appropriate nursing students?*

An outbreak that occurs when there is an increased

P2 WK3 HES007: POST TEST incidence of a disease beyond that which is normally
found in the population
SESSION 12, 13, 14
Model based on the belief that health status is
MULTIPLE CHOICE
determined by the interaction of the characteristics of
Which occurs in the epidemiologic process that is similar the host, agent, and environment
to the diagnosis phase of the nursing process?*
Study of the distribution and determinants of states of
Data are gathered from reliable sources health and illness in human populations

Healthcare needs and assets are identified Epidemiologic model that strongly emphasizes the
concept of multiple causation while de-emphasizing the
Goals and objectives for care are established role of agents in explaining illness

A tentative hypothesis is formulated Diseases that are always present within the population of
a particular geographic area. The number of cases of the
In the definition of epidemiology, “distribution” refers to: disease may fluctuate over time, but the disease never
(SATA)* dies out completely.*

Who sporadic

When endemic
 epidemic incidence rate

pandemic prevalence

A way for the pathogen to escape from the reservoir.* mortality rate

portal of exit morbidity rate

reservoir Which of the following Gram-negative bacteria is least

likely to be the cause of a HAI?*
portal of entry
a Klebsiella species
mode of transmission
a Salmonella species
The hallmark feature of an analytic epidemiologic study is:
(Choose one best answer)* E. coli

Use of an appropriate comparison group P. aeruginosa

Laboratory confirmation of the diagnosis Which of the following Gram-positive bacteria is most
likely to be the cause of a HAI?*
Publication in a peer-reviewed journal
difficile
Statistical analysis using logistic regression
S. aureus
Public health surveillance includes which of the following
activities:* Streptococcus pneumoniae

Diagnosing whether a case of encephalitis is actually due S. pyogenes

to West Nile virus infection
Soliciting case reports of persons with symptoms
compatible with SARs from local hospitals
Creating graphs of the number of dog bites by week and
neighborhood
Writing a report on trends in seat belt use to share with
the state legislature
Which of the following is not part of Standard
Precautions?*
handwashing between patient contacts
placing a patient in a private room having negative air
pressure
properly disposing of needles, scalpels, and other sharps

Disseminating educational materials about ways people wearing gloves, masks, eye protection, and gowns when
can reduce their risk of Lyme disease appropriate

The number of cases of the disease existing in a given A Protective Environment would be appropriate for a
population at a particular moment in time* patient:*
infected with MRSA.

with leukopenia.

with pneumonic plague.

with tuberculosis.