Lec P1

8/25/22, 9:42 AM Block 2 HES 032 Lecture: Periodical Exam 1
The vector of malaria infection is: * 1/1
Aedes mosquito
Anopheles mosquito
Soft tick
Hard tick
Which genus of bacteria lacks cell wall? * 1/1
Mycobacterium
Mycoplasma
Pseudomonas
Staphylococcus
Which of the following types of media would NOT be used to culture *1/1
organisms that require increased concentration of oxygen?
selective media
complex media
enrichment media
differential media
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Which animal cell organelle is responsible for processing immature proteins *1/1
before they are able to perform their functions?
ribosomes
endoplasmic reticulum
golgi complex
mitochondria
A patient diagnosed with bacterial food poisoning reported onset of *1/1

symptoms 18 hours ago. Which of the following is the most appropriate
treatment for this patient?
fosfomycin
ribavirin
metronidazole
no antibiotics needed only supportive treatment
Which antibiotic causes significant neurotoxicity and must be taken in *1/1

conjunction with pyridoxine (vitamin B6) to prevent these neurologic
complications?
Rifampin
Isoniazid
Vancomycin
Doxycycline
Chloramphenicol
Which of the following unique bacteria is mismatched? * 1/1
R. akari - causes epidemic typhus
R. typhi - causes endemic typhus
C. trachomatis - causes trachoma
O. tsutsugamushi - causes scrub typhus
Charles has a history of mumps infection. What is type of nucleic acid does *1/1
the etiologic agent contain?
DNA
RNA
Both RNA and DNA
none of the above
All but one are treatment for helminthic (roundworms and flatworms) *1/1
infections.
Mebendazole
Metronidazole
Praziquantel
Pyrantel pamoate
Group B Neisseria meningitidis is identified as the primary etiologic agent of *1/1

meningitis Which of the following protects this organism from complement-
mediated phagocytosis by neutrophils?
capsule
pili
cell wall
flagella
A 54 year-old lady experienced a fever and general weakness. Few days later, *1/1
she notice a pink patches on one side of her body. She had a history of
chickenpox when she was 3-years old. What is the possible etiologic agent?
Epstein-barr virus
Herpes-Zoster virus
Human papillomavirus
HIV
75-year-old man presents to fever, chills and cough suggestive of pneumonia. *1/1
A lab test was requested for sputum gram stain. The laboratory analyst
mistakenly forgot the decolorization step. If the pneumonia is caused by
Streptococcus pneumoniae, how will the bacteria seen on the slide?
all of the cells will be purple
all of the cells will be colorless
all of the cells will lyse, thus no GS results
all of the cells will be pink.
Acyclovir is effective in treating which viral infection? * 1/1
Influenza virus
Herpesvirus
HIV
Mumps virus
Your patient is a 75-year-old man who is several days post-op following removal *
of her carcinoma of the colon. He now spikes a fever and has a cough, and a
chest X-ray shows pneumonia. While being treated with the appropriate
antibiotics, he develops severe diarrhea. You suspect he may have
pseudomembranous colitis. Which one of the following is the best antibiotic to
treat the infection?
Vancomycin
Ceftriaxone
Metronidazole
Doxycycline
Which of the following is most likely to be associated with the formation of a *1/1
bacterial biofilm?
UTI with Escherichia coli
Airway colonization in a cystic fibrosis caused by P. aeruginosa
Impetigo caused by Staphylococcus aureus
Meningitis with Neisseria meningitidis
Match the following: *
target cell
target target target
target membrane
protein nucleic metabolites Score
cell wall or
synthesis acid and enzymes
cytoplasm
tigecycline 1/1
sulfa drugs 1/1
levofloxacin 1/1
imipenem 1/1
vancomycin 1/1
daptomycin 1/1
linezolid 1/1
cefuroxime 1/1
rifamycin 1/1
clindamycin 1/1
Which microorganism has a cell wall made of up chitin? * 1/1
bacteria
virus
yeast
helminths
Conidia are produced via ___ * 1/1
sexual method
asexual method
both
non of the above
During an outbreak of gastrointestinal disease caused by an Escherichia coli *1/1

strain sensitive to ampicillin, tetracycline, and chloramphenicol, a stool sample
from one patient yields E. coli with the same serotype resistant to the three
antibiotics.
Transduction
Conjugation
Transformation
Transposition
All of the following statements are correct concerning the resistance *1/1
mechanism of antibiotics, EXCEPT:
Resistance genes are rarely transferred by conjugation.
R factors are plasmids that carry the genes for enzymes that modify one or more
drugs.
Resistance to some drugs is due to a chromosomal mutation that alters the receptor
for the drug.
Resistance to some drugs is due to transposon genes that code for enzymes that
inactivate the drugs.
Each of the following statements concerning the killing of bacteria is correct *1/1
EXCEPT:
A 70% solution of ethanol kills more effectively than absolute (100%) ethanol.
The pasteurization of milk kills pathogens but allows many organisms and spores to
survive.
Iodine kills by causing the formation of thymine dimers in bacterial DNA.
An autoclave uses steam under pressure to reach the killing temperature of 121°C.
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Match the following: Choose the BEST answer *
S. C. N. S.
E. coli Score
aureus perfringens gonorrhoeae pneumoniae
Mannitol Salt
1/1
agar
Thayer Martin
1/1
agar
Thioglycollate
1/1
broth
Blood agar 1/1
MacConkey
1/1
agar
Saliva contain an lysozyme that can prevent bacterial infection. Which *1/1
bacterial structure does the enzyme degrade?
Murein
Nucleoid DNA
Cell membrane
Capsule
Sofia suffers diarrhea and vomiting. The stool exam reveals 0-2 trophozoites *1/1
of E. histolytica. Which of the following statements describe the etiologic
agent?
non-motile stage of the parasite
non-dividing stage of the parasite
infective stage of the parasite
feeding stage of the parasite
Which of the following pairs is mismatched? * 1/1
cocci: Neisseria
bacilli: Escherichia
spirochetes: Mycobacterium
rods: Actinobacillus
In transduction, a bacterial cell becomes genetically new following uptake of *1/1

DNA fragments from the environment.
The statement is correct
The statement is incorrect
The statement is neither valid or invalid
You saw list of prescription from your friend's pocket. The prescribed drugs *1/1
were zidovudine and lamivudine. What do you think is your friend illness?
Hepatitis B
HIV disease
Influenza
COVID-19
All of the following bacteria are capable of causing pneumonia, EXCEPT: * 1/1
Chlamydophila pneumoniae
Klebsiella pneumoniae
Haemophilus pneumoniae
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
The current recommended treatment for malaria is: * 1/1
artemisinin combination therapy
pyrantel and mebendazole
primaquine and quinine
hydroxyquinolones
A 30-year-old male who is a sexually and active IV drug user developed fever, *1/1
nausea, and jaundice. Laboratory test reveals elevated liver enzymes but
normal CD4 count. Which of the following best characterizes the virus most
likely causing her illness?
DNA virus belonging to the Hepadnaviridae
ss(+)RNA virus belonging to the Flaviviridae
ss(+)RNA virus belonging to the Hepeviridae
RNA virus belonging to the Lentiviridae
All of the following are major adverse reactions of tetracyclines, EXCEPT: * 1/1
discoloration of tooth enamel
photosensitivity
aplastic anemia
enterocolitis
A 25-year woman presents with fever, chills, and painful urination suggestive *1/1
of UTI. The Gram-stained smear of urine shows many gram-negative short
rods. Which of the following is the correct order of the procedural steps when
performing the Gram stain?
Fixation, crystal violet, iodine treatment, alcohol/acetone decolorization, safranin
Fixation, crystal violet, alcohol/acetone decolorization, safranin
Fixation, crystal violet, iodine treatment, safranin
Fixation, safranin, iodine treatment, alcohol/acetone decolorization, crystal violet
All scientists contribute to the development and concept of solid bacterial *1/1
culture, EXCEPT:
Richard Petri
Fanny Hesse
Robert Koch
Louis Pasteur
After reading your modules, you were amazed that viruses can be used to kill *1/1
some bacteria that infect people. Which of the following statements suggest
true about the differences between bacteria and viruses?
bacteria do not have nucleus, whereas viruses do.
bacteria do have ribosomes, whereas viruses don't have one.
bacteria replicate via mitosis, whereas viruses replicate via transverse binary fission.
bacteria do not have cell wall and plasma membrane, whereas viruses do.
In the Gram stain, the decolorization of Salmonella typhi by alcohol is most *1/1
closely related to:
Proteins encoded by F plasmids
Lipids in the outer cell membrane
70S ribosome
Branched polysaccharides in the capsule
Statement 1: Prokaryotes are considered acellular microbes because they are *1/1
dependent to host for them to survive and replicate. Statement 2:
Prokaryotes are organism that lack a true nucleus.
ONLY Statement 1 is incorrect.
ONLY Statement 2 is incorrect.
Both statements are correct.
Both statements are incorrect.
What is the oldest known disinfectant that is used to reduce the surgical *1/1
related infections?
agua oxinada
carbolic acid
vinegar
muriatic acid
All diseases are caused by infectious particles, EXCEPT: I. Dengue and Zika. *1/1
II. Mad Cow disease and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. III. HIV/AIDS and
Anthrax IV. COVID-19 and Plague
I and II
III and IV
I and III
II and IV
Louie had a scratch wound on his hand while swimming in the brackish water. *1/1
After several days, the wound had a foul-smell. A culture was done on the
wound exudates. The organism isolated was C. perfringens. Which of the
following statements best describes this microorganism?
it is a capnophile
it is a facultative anaerobe
it is an obligate aerobic
it is a microaerophilic
Other:
All statements are TRUE about types of microorganisms, EXCEPT: I. Fungi *1/1
have eukaryotic cells and most are unicellular. II. Archaea are prokaryotic
organisms that lack peptidoglycan in their cell walls. III. Bacteria are
unicellular organisms that replicates by binary fission. IV. Viruses are
noncellular entities that consist both DNA and RNA.
I and III
II and IV
I and IV
II and III
Bacillus anthracis is a gram-positive rod that is the causative agent of anthrax. *1/1
While, Treponema pallidum is _________
a gram-negative cocci- causative agent of syphilis
a gram-positive short rod- causative agent of syphilis
a spirochete- causative agent of syphilis
a gram-negative short rod- causative agent of syphilis
The ideal antimicrobial agent should: I. kill the growth of bacteria. II. *1/1
Causes minimal damage to host cell. III. Stable when stored in solid or liquid
form IV. Remains inactive in tissues and body fluids
I and II
III and IV
I and III
II and IV
What do you call the protein component of flagella? * 1/1
flagellin
pilin
lipoteichoic acid
peptidoglycan
The CO2 incubator must main a level of more than 20% oxygen and 5% CO2 in *1/1
order to facilitate the growth of anaerobic organism.
True
False
Tracheal aspirate from a patient with hospital-acquired pneumonia reveal the *1/1
presence of methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Which of the
following drugs is the best empiric treatment?
penicillin G
ampicillin
vancomycin
rifamycin
A breast surgery was done in the OR with a hepatitis B positive patient. What *1/1
do you think is the best disinfectant to be used after the procedure?
ethyl alcohol
hypochlorite
lysol
chlorhexidine
The Lipid A structure on the outer membrane of a gram-negative bacteria *1/1

facilitates which type of disease?
Infectious disease
Microbial intoxication
Opportunistic infection
All of the above
Which microbial genetic process does sex pili is used for? * 1/1
transduction
conjugation
transformation
mutation
Statement 1: Yeasts are unicellular organisms that reproduce by spores. *1/1

Statement 2: Moulds are multicellular organisms that reproduce by budding.
Only statement 1 is true
Both statements are incorrect
Both statements are correct
A phase which vigorous metabolic activity occurs but cells do not divide. * 1/1
Log
Lag
Stationary
Death
Astrazeneca vaccines is made from a weakened version of adenovirus from *1/1

chimpanzees. Which do you think is true about the characteristics of the virus?

Single stranded positive sense RNA virus
Double stranded linear RNA virus
Non-eveloped, double stranded DNA virus
Double stranded circular DNA virus
What toxins is released by algae that are poisonous to human and other *1/1
animals?
mycotoxins
phycotoxins
neurotoxins
aflatoxins
Which theory is most widely accepted explanation for the origin of viruses? * 1/1
Big Bang theory
Coevolution theory
Retrograde evolution theory
Escaped gene theory
Identify the labeled (D) cell structure and give its function. *
cilia - for locomotion
pili - for locomotion
flagella - for locomotion
fimbriae - for locomotion
Protects from osmotic lysis- cell wall ; Protects from phagocytes is ___ * 1/1
endospore
peptidoglycan
glycocalyx
pili
plasma membrane
A 16-year old boy whose CD4 count is lower than the normal experienced *1/1
Candidiasis, a fungal infection. Which pathogen is most likely the cause of the
infection?
indigenous microbiota
opportunistic pathogen
microbial allies
saprophytes
IU isolated a motile, gram-negative cell. During microscopy, she cannot *1/1

visualized the nucleus. As senior microbiologist, you presume that this cell
has:
mitochondria
endoplasmic reticulum
golgi apparatuses
ribosomes
all of the above
Staining technique employed in differentiating acid fast from non-acid fast *1/1
bacteria.
Gram stain
Ziehl Neelsen stain
Albert stain
India ink
All of the following are characteristics of bacteria, EXCEPT: I. have *1/1

peptidoglycan cell walls and ribosomes II. have the same size and shape.
III. replicate via binary fission and all are motile. IV. are prokaryotic and do
not have membrane bound organelles.
I and II
III and IV
II and III
I and IV
A vaginal swab culture from a 35-year-old pregnant woman produced colonies *1/1
on blood agar. The colonies are described as medium size with small, diffuse
zones of β-hemolysis. What do you think is the classification of blood agar
according to function based on the case presented?
Differential
Selective
Enrichment
Enriched
Statement 1: Catabolic reactions involve the breaking of chemical bonds and *1/1
the release of energy. Statement 2: Anabolic reactions involve the
formation of bonds, which requires energy.
Both statements are correct
Both statements are incorrect
A 45-year-old farmer presents with muscle atrophy, and declining cognitive *1/1
function. His favorite food is pig brain soup which he has eaten almost every
week since he was 15 years old. Which of the following best describes the
most likely etiologic agent of his symptoms?
capsid containing virus
a cyst forming organism
an abnormally folded protein
unicellular organism with nucleoid containing DNA
Which of the following is mismatched? * 1/1
Photoautotrophs: cyanobacteria
Chemoheterotrophs: protozoa
Photoheterotrophs: green sulfur bacteria
Chemoautotrophs: nitrifying bacteria
Which statement is INCORRECT? * 1/1
Chloramphenicol affects the large subunit of the bacterial ribosome, which is

different from the large subunit of the human ribosome
Sulfonamides affect folic acid synthesis in bacteria, a pathway that does not occur
in human cells.
Isoniazid affects the DNA polymerase of bacteria but not that of human cells
Penicillins affect bacteria rather than human cells because bacteria have a cell wall,
whereas human cells do not.
Carson suffered severe flu infection. During his admission he was treated with *1/1
Amantadine drug. What is the mode of action of the antiviral agent?
inhibit nucleic acid synthesis
inhibit virus entry
inhibit viral assembly
inhibit protein synthesis
What do you call those fungi that can live either in yeast or moulds form *1/1
depending on growth conditions?
Monomorphic
Teleomorphic
Dimorphic
Anamorphic
Clostridium botulinum causes the disease botulism by producing toxin. The *1/1
gene encoding the toxin is integrated into bacterial genome during lysogenic
conversion. The toxin gene was acquired by which process?
conjugation
transduction
transformation
transposition
Which statement is most accurate regarding the drug depicted in the diagram? * 1/1
it inhibits protein synthesis
it inhibits cell wall synthesis
disrupt cell membrane
inhibits nucleic acid synthesis
tetrads staphylococci diplobacilli streptococci coccobacilli diphtheroids Sc
cocci in
1
chain
a
packet
1
of four
cocci
cocci in
1
clusters
bacilli
1
in pairs
short
plump 1
bacilli
Arrange the actual steps in multiplication of animal viruses. * 1/1
penetration, adsorption, uncoating, release
attachment, uncoating, assembly, release
attachment, assembly, biosynthesis, release
absorption, penetration, uncoating, assembly, release
In bacterial infection, the first step of the process is adherence of the etiologic *1/1
agent to mucous membranes. Identify which bacterial structure responsible
for this process?
lipid A
cell wall
fimbriae
flagella
Which of the following employ the concept of bioremediation? * 1/1
application of bacteria to farm plants to prevent pest infestation
fixation of gaseous nitrogen into usable nitrogen
using oil-degrading bacteria to an oil spill
production of human hormones such as insulin
all of the above
A PLHIV patient suffered cryptococcosis. He is treated with fluconazole. What *1/1

is the mechanism of action of the antifungal mentioned?
By binding with cell membrane sterols
By interfering with sterol synthesis
By blocking mitosis or nucleic acid synthesis
none of the above
Acanthamoeba and Naegleria species move by means of which cell *1/1

structures?
cilia
flagella
pseudopodia
they don't move at all.
Match the following: Proteus vulgaris - peritrichous flagella. ; Leptospira *1/1

interrogans - _______
monotrichous flagella
cilia
axial filaments
fimbriae
Rotavirus, Campylobacter jejuni and Entamoeba histolytica are all microbes *1/1
that causes diarrhea. Which one of the following agents contains either DNA
or RNA but not both?
Campylobacter jejuni
Entamoeba histolytica
Rotavirus
none of the above
Latent infection of neurons occurs with which of the following viruses? * 1/1
HSV
EBV
Measles virus
HIV
Rabies virus
Which of the following is the most resistant to destruction by chemicals and *1/1
heat?
Mycobacterium tuberculosis - cell wall
Escherichia coli - cell membrane
Bacillus anthracis - spores
COVID-19 - spike proteins
50-60 C 20-40 C 10-20 C -10 below C Score
psychrophiles 1/1
mesophiles 1/1
thermophiles 1/1
A phase occurs when nutrient depletion or toxic products cause growth to slow 1/1
until the number of new cells produced balances the number of cells that die,
resulting in a steady state
Lag phase
Log phase
Stationary phase
Death phase
Animal viruses escape from their host cells by either lysis of the cell or *1/1
budding (non-enveloped viruses).
True
False
Which of the following is mismatched? * 1/1
QUATS- disrupts cell membrane
Iodine- inhibits protein synthesis
alcohol - disrupts cell membrane
radiation - coagulates proteins
All of the following microorganisms have thick layer of material located *1/1
outside their cell wall, EXCEPT: I. Klebsiella pneumoniae. II. Pseudomonas
aeruginosa. III. Streptococcus aureus. IV. Treponema pallidum
I and II
III and IV
I and IV
II and III
Which of the following reasons why TB bacilli hardly or cannot be visualized *1/1
using gram stain technique?
TB bacilli has large number of pili that absorbs crystal violet
TB bacilli has large amount of lipid on its cell wall that prevents entry of primary
stain.
TB bacilli has capsule and slime layer that prevents decolorization process.
TB bacilli is too thin to be stain using gram stain.
What family does HIV virus belongs to? * 1/1
Lentiviridae
Rhinoviridae
Retroviridae
Adenoviridae
Anton van Leeuwenhoek: Father of Bacteriology ; _________: Father of *1/1

Antibiotics
Alexander Fleming
Selman Abraham Waksman
Louis Pasteur
Robert Koch
All are characteristics of bacterial chromosomes, EXCEPT: * 1/1
long, single and double stranded DNA
supercoiled, circular DNA
paired with extrachromosomal DNA
suspended or embedded in the cytoplasm
Statement 1: Once it enters a host cell, a virulent bacteriophage always *1/1

initiates the lytic cycle and undergo absorption and penetration.
Statement 2: The third step of bacteriophage lytic cycle is biosynthesis where
phage parts are assembled to create another copy.
Statement 1 and 2 are correct
Statement 1 and 2 are incorrect
Only statement 1 is incorrect
Only statement 2 is incorrect
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8/25/22, 9:42 AM Block 2 HES 032 Lecture: Periodical Exam 1

The vector of malaria infection is: * 1/1

Which genus of bacteria lacks cell wall? * 1/1

A patient diagnosed with bacterial food poisoning reported onset of *1/1

no antibiotics needed only supportive treatment

Which antibiotic causes significant neurotoxicity and must be taken in *1/1

Which of the following unique bacteria is mismatched? * 1/1

R. akari - causes epidemic typhus

R. typhi - causes endemic typhus

C. trachomatis - causes trachoma

O. tsutsugamushi - causes scrub typhus

Both RNA and DNA

none of the above

Group B Neisseria meningitidis is identified as the primary etiologic agent of *1/1

all of the cells will be purple

all of the cells will be colorless

all of the cells will lyse, thus no GS results

all of the cells will be pink.

Acyclovir is effective in treating which viral infection? * 1/1

UTI with Escherichia coli

Airway colonization in a cystic fibrosis caused by P. aeruginosa

Impetigo caused by Staphylococcus aureus

Meningitis with Neisseria meningitidis

Match the following: *

sulfa drugs 1/1

Which microorganism has a cell wall made of up chitin? * 1/1

Conidia are produced via ___ * 1/1

non of the above

During an outbreak of gastrointestinal disease caused by an Escherichia coli *1/1

Resistance genes are rarely transferred by conjugation.

Iodine kills by causing the formation of thymine dimers in bacterial DNA.

Match the following: Choose the BEST answer *

Blood agar 1/1

non-motile stage of the parasite

non-dividing stage of the parasite

infective stage of the parasite

feeding stage of the parasite

Which of the following pairs is mismatched? * 1/1

In transduction, a bacterial cell becomes genetically new following uptake of *1/1

The statement is correct

The statement is incorrect

The statement is neither valid or invalid

The current recommended treatment for malaria is: * 1/1

artemisinin combination therapy

pyrantel and mebendazole

primaquine and quinine

DNA virus belonging to the Hepadnaviridae

ss(+)RNA virus belonging to the Flaviviridae

ss(+)RNA virus belonging to the Hepeviridae

RNA virus belonging to the Lentiviridae

discoloration of tooth enamel

Fixation, crystal violet, iodine treatment, alcohol/acetone decolorization, safranin

Fixation, crystal violet, alcohol/acetone decolorization, safranin

Fixation, crystal violet, iodine treatment, safranin

Fixation, safranin, iodine treatment, alcohol/acetone decolorization, crystal violet

bacteria do not have nucleus, whereas viruses do.

bacteria do have ribosomes, whereas viruses don't have one.

Proteins encoded by F plasmids

Lipids in the outer cell membrane

Branched polysaccharides in the capsule

ONLY Statement 1 is incorrect.

ONLY Statement 2 is incorrect.