Hedin 204 Inverts QUIZ B KEY (Green Paper)

1) Which of the following features is NOT a featured shared by Arthropods and their close relatives
(tardigrades & onychophorans) A. possess body segmentation B. possess ventral appendages C.
hydrostatic skeleton D. possess a cuticle with chitin

2) The HOX gene cluster is very different in Protostome versus Deuterostome animals (e.g., fly vs
mouse). Reasons for these differences include the following: A. gene duplication in Protostomes giving
rise to additional posterior HOX genes B. whole genome duplication (twice) in Deuterostomes C. loss
of HOX gene function for certain HOX genes D. only answers B & C are correct E. answers A, B & C
are correct

3) “DNA barcoding” can be accurately defined as: A. using an automated DNA sequencer to determine
an entire genome sequence B. using slowly-evolving DNA sequences to discriminate closely-related
species C. the evolution of new proteins via gene duplication D. using fast-evolving DNA sequences to
discriminate closely-related species

4) Schistosoma flukes have three cellular/molecular mechanisms that prevent detection by the vertebrate
host immune system. A. syncitium, sceptrin molecules, very few tegumental proteins B. syncitium,
immune masking, very few tegumental proteins C. intermediate hosts, immune masking, very few
tegumental proteins D. syncitium, immune masking, proglottids E. none of these answers is correct

5) Which of the following descriptions of animal phylogeny is correct: A. sponges are early-diverging,
Lophotrochozoans and Ecdysozoans are Protostomes B. Lophotrochozoans and Deuterostomes are the
two primary Bilaterian groups. C. sponges are early-diverging, Cnidarians and Ecdysozoans are derived
Bilaterians D. sponges and Cnidarians are together sister to Eumetazoans E. none of these arrangements
is correct

6) Both “localized” and “global” threats negatively impact coral reefs. Which of the following
statements regarding “global” threats is correct? A. blast fishing, global warming & coral viral infections
are global effects B. mining & sedimentation are global effects C. ocean warming and acidification are
global effects D. none of these answers is correct

7) Conotoxins (peptides produced by Conus snails) have the following characteristics: A. conotoxins are
short peptides, typically 10-40 amino acids in length B. conotoxin diversity evolved via gene duplication
C. most Conus species have only 1-2 conotoxin peptides in their venom D. answers A, B & C are
correct E. only A & B correct

8) The complex lifecycle of a Schistosoma fluke involves: A. asexual adults living in snails, giving rise
to aquatic subadults. B. sexual adults living in vertebrate animals, immatures live in snails or aquatically
C. both adults and immatures living in vertebrate animal hosts. D. sexual adults living in vertebrate
animals, immatures live in flea larvae E none of these answers is correct

9) Nematocysts in Hydra have been shown to discharge via A. a drastic change in osmotic gradient B.
glandular secretions from the nematocyst capsule C. elasticity of collagen proteins in the nematocyst
capsule wall D. answers A, B & C are correct E. only A & C correct

10) The sister group (closest relatives) of Animals are the choanoflagellates. Evidence for this close
relationship includes A. possession of an extracellular matrix in choanoflagellates B. phylogenetic
analysis of genes (molecular phylogeny) indicates this relationship C. cell appearance much like the
choanocytes of sponges D. answers A, B & C are correct E. only B & C correct