IGIMS - COLLEGE OF NURSING, PATNA-14

“KNOWLEDGE REGARDING LEUCORRHOEA AMONG WOMEN IN URBAN

COMMUNITY, PATNA”.

Date of Submission: Submitted by:

Name of Student Researchers
Name of Co-Guide Group-IV
Mrs Soni Kumari IGIMS-College of Nursing
Tutor Patna- 14
IGIMS-College of Nursing 1. Neetu Kumari
Patna- 14 2. Neha Kumari
3. Neha Priya Prakash
4. Pallavi Pragya
Name of Guide 5. Pooja
Mrs. Mamta Kumari 6. Pragati Bharti
Assistant Professor
IGIMS-College of Nursing
Patna-14

1
 CHECK LIST

S.NO CONTENT PAGE NO.

1. Representation for Permission letter
2. DRC approval letter
3. Certificate(s)
4. SEC Performa
5. Curriculum Vitae – student researcher’s
6. Research Proposal
7. Helsinki Declaration- English and Hindi
8. Standard Deviation Declaration
9. Undertaking
10. PIS – English
11. PIS – Hindi
12. PICF – English
13. PICF – Hindi
14. Permission letter(s) from research centres
15. Tools

2
From, Date______________
Group IV.
B.Sc Nursing III yr (Batch 2019-2023)
IGIMS - College of Nursing, IGIMS, Patna – 14

To,
The Chairman,
DRC, IGIMS- College of Nursing
IGIMS,Patna -14

Sub: Regarding Departmental Research Committee clearance for the submitted Research
Proposal

Respected Maám,
Most humbly and respectfully, we, the undersigned group of B.Sc Nursing III yr
(Batch:2019-2023), are hereby submitting the research proposal on the topic “Knowledge
regarding leucorrhoea among women in urban community, Patna” for the Departmental
Research Committee clearance required for Institutional Ethics Committee (H) clearance
from, IGIMS. This is for your kind perusal and the needful. Thanking you, with warm
regards.

Yours Sincerely,
Student Researcher’s Names:
Group IV
B.Sc (N) III year (2019-2023)
Sl. No Names Signature

1. NEETU KUMARI

2. NEHA KUMARI

3. NEHA PRIYA PRAKASH

4. PALLAVI PRAGYA

5. POOJA

6. PRAGATI BHARTI

Co-Guide: Guide:
Name: Mrs. Soni Kumari Name: Mrs. Mamta Kumari
Designation: Tutor Designation: Assistant Professor
IGIMS-College of Nursing, IGIMS-College of Nursing,

3
IGIMS, Patna-14 IGIMS, Patna-14

Date:
…………......
CERTIFICATES FOR RESEARCH PROJECT

1. It is certified that the research study “ Knowledge regarding leucorrhoea among women
in urban community, Patna” will be done as per GCP/ICMR guidelines.
2. It is certified that no research work has been started by us in any other universities/organ-
izations regarding the study “Knowledge regarding leucorrhoea among women in urban
community, Patna ” before the clearance from the ethical committee.
3. We, the student researchers, further certify that the research work on the above topic has
been only carried out to the stage of research proposal only in IGIMS and no further work
has been done on the said topic.
4. We, further certify that, we will not be canvassing for or promoting any brands or others
for our research project.

Student Researcher’s names:

Group IV
B.Sc (N) III year (2019-2023)
S. No Names Signature

1. NEETU KUMARI

2. NEHA KUMARI

3. NEHA PRIYA PRAKASH

4. PALLAVI PRAGYA

5. POOJA

4
 6. PRAGATI BHARTI

Co - Guide: . Guide:
Name: Mrs.Soni Kumari Name: Mrs. Mamta Kumari
Designation:Tutor Designation: Assistant Professor
College of Nursing, IGIMS, Patna. College of Nursing, IGIMS, Patna.

1.0 Full Title of Study: Knowledge regarding leucorrhoea among women in urban
community, Patna.
2.1Name and signature of 2.1 Name Signature
candidate Neetu Kumari
Neha Kumari
Neha Priya Prakash
Pallavi Pragya
Pooja
Pragati Bharti
2.2 Department 2.2 IGIMS College of Nursing, Patna-14
2.3 Degree/course 2.3 B.Sc. Nursing
2.4 Batch of admission to course 2.4 2019-2023
2.5 Month & year of submission 2.5 6 months after IEC, IGIMS clearance
of course
3.0 Name of Faculty & Depart- 3.1 Name of Co-Guide 3.2 Name of Guide
ment ( Guide /Co-guide) Mrs. Soni Kumari Mrs. Mamta Kumari
Tutor Assistant Professor
IGIMS- CON IGIMS, CON
Patna -14 Patna -14

Signature Signature

4.0 Objectives of the study
5.0 Why this study is required?
Please provide brief
4.1 Assess the level of knowledge regarding leucorrhoea
among women.
4.2 Find out the association between the level of knowledge
regarding leucorrhoea among women and their socio demo-
graphic variables.
4.3 To develop pamphlet on leucorrhoea.
A women has very important role in every one’s
life as mother, wife, sister or daughter. They have to face a
multiple health problems in their reproductive phase. They
may face chronic conditions, such as , pelvic pain and incon-
tinence. These problems are more common in low and mid-
dle income of women particularly in places where fertility is

5
high and women do not have access to good quality health
care.1
Leucorrhea, also spelled leucorrhoea,
flow of a whitish, yellowish, or greenish discharge from the
vagina of the female that may be normal or that may be a
sign of infection. Such discharges may originate from the
vagina, ovaries, fallopian tubes, or, most commonly, the
cervix . Leucorrhoea may occur during pregnancy and is
considered normal when the discharge is thin, white, and rel-
atively odorless. Physiologic leucorrhea is a normal condi-
tion occurring within several months to a year of the onset of
menses in adolescent girls and is sometimes present in new-
born girls, usually lasting one to two months.2
Women all over the world at some point in
their life experience vaginal discharge called Leucorrhoea .
It is white (or clear), thin ( or thick), sticky and odourless.
Leucorrhoea results from the mucus secreted from the walls
of the cervix and vagina. It is caused by the increase in lev-
els of hormones , especially estrogen. The presence of leuc-
orrhoea indicates that vagina is kept clean and in healthy
condition. Vaginal discharge is composed of mucus secreted
from vagina and cervix along with old cells and normal bac-
terial flora of vagina. Some women experience leucorrhoea
more frequently than others. Although, leucorrhoea is com-
mon and considered normal to occur; however many women
find it scary and is uncomfortable. Further, women are em-
barrassed to discuss this condition with their peers and
physician. Hence leucorrhoea becomes a challenge. 1
Leucorrhoea, vaginal discharge is a universal
problem of all women , it is a condition of persistent and ex-
cessive vaginal discharge. Female genitals are very much
prone to infections since they are moist, more sweaty and
covered . women may complaint of a clear white or mucoid
discharge other prior to menses at mid cycles .It is com-
monly known as white discharge.3
More than 1 million STIs are acquired every day.
In 2020, WHO estimated 374 million new infections with 1
of 4 STIS: chlamydia (129 million), gonorrhoea (82 million),
syphilis (7.1 million) and trichomoniasis (156 million). More
than 490 million people were estimated to be living with
genital herpes in 2016, and an estimated 300 million women
have an HPV infection, the primary cause of cervical cancer
and anal cancer among men who have sex with men. An es-

6
timated 296 million people are living with chronic hepatitis
B globally.4
Almost every fourth woman in Gynecological Outpatient
Department has the complaint of vaginal discharge. Many
studies concluded different levels of society reported that the
prevalence of abnormal vaginal discharge as 12.1 to 30%5.
The Reproductive and Child Health Rapid House-
hold Survey (RCH-RHS – 1 and 2) report shows the repro-
ductive health is poor all over the country. This is confirmed
by a systematic review done in 2015, which showed the
prevalence of all RTIs ranged from 11% to 72% in the self-
reported community-based studies. The most commonly re-
ported among women with RTIs is abnormal vaginal dis-
charge or Leucorrhoea. Globally, Leucorrhoea occurs in 1-
14% of all the women in the reproductive age group and is
responsible for 5-10 million OPD visits per year the preva-
lence of excessive vaginal discharge in India is estimated to
be 30%.6
A Community Based Study to assess Leuc-
orrhoea and Associated Factors of Leucorrhoea among
Women of Reproductive Age Group (15-45years) in selected
slums of Ludhiana, Punjab. The study results reveal that
about 38% of women belong to the reproductive age group
(15-45 years) remaining were in the age group 15- 20 years,
and (60%) of women had severe leucorrhoea.5
WHO reports the number of women in the world who
have experienced leucorrhoea is 75%, while European
women who have experienced leucorrhoea is 25%.7
Dr Ritu Kumari et al,( 2019) had conducted a study- A Study
on Role of Sociodemographic Status of Women of Repro-
ductive Age Group in Excessive Vaginal Discharge in
DMCH. The study revealed that out of 500 ,170 women
complained of vaginal discharge, so the prevalence of vagi-
nal discharge was found to be 29.44%.8
Rudri Bai IM et al., (2018) conducted a study to analyse leu-
corrhoea. This Study was conducted at Dept. of OBG, MVJ
medical college and research hospital, Bangalore. The study
consisted of 100 women of age group of15-55 years with
complaint of white discharge. The detailed history examina-
tion and its association with other symptoms was recorded in
Microsoft Excel and analyzed statistically. The findings of
the present study revealed that the disease is prevalent

7
 throughout life i.e.15-55 years, but higher prevalence was
observed in mid reproductive period i.e. 25- 34 years.9
Shashirani Pangambam et al,(2019) had conducted a study –
knowledge regarding leucorrhea and its associated factors
among married women of reproductive age group in selected
rural areas of Sikkim. The study revealed that only 5% sam-
ples out of 100 had good level of knowledge, 57% had aver-
age level of knowledge and 38% had poor level of knowl-
edge.10
Hence, the researchers intended to take up this study to as-
sess the level of knowledge about leucorrhea among women,
so that the finding can help to understand the level of
knowledge among women regarding leucorrhea .

6.0 Methodology 6.1 Number of sample: 380 ( according to sample size cal-
culation
6.2. Inclusion Criteria:
a) All women of reproductive age group(15-45 years).
b) Willing to participate
c) Available at the time of data collection
6.3.Exclusion Criteria:
a) Women who cannot speak and understand Hindi and Eng-
lish
6.4. Control (s): NA
6.5. Study design: Descriptive Cross sectional research de-
sign.
6.6. Dosages of drug: NA
6.7. Duration of study: 6 Months after IEC,IGIMS, Clear-
ance.
6.8. Investigation specifically related to projects: NA
6.9. Permission to use copyrighted questionnaires
/Performa: Not Applicable.
6.10.Brief Methodology:
 Research approach: quantitative evaluation re-
search approach.
 Research design: Descriptive Cross sectional re-
search design.
 Research settings: Urban Community.
 Assumption: Knowledge regarding leucorrhoea
among women will have some knowledge.
 Population: All women of reproductive age group.
 Sampling technique: Purposive sampling technique.
 Research Tools:
Section A: Socio Demographic profile.
Section B: Knowledge questionnaire .
This section consists of self-structured knowledge
questionnaire on leucorrhoea . This questionnaire

8

7.0 Permission from Drug
Controller General of India
(DCGI)
8.0 Permission from DGFT, If re-
quired
9.0 a) Safety measures for
purposed interventions.
b) Results of relevant laboratory
tests
c)Results of studies in human
10.0 Plans to withdraw standard
therapy in research
11.0 Plan for provision of coverage
for medical risk
12.0 How you will maintain
confidentiality of subject
consists of 20 items, and each correct answer carries
1marks and wrong answer carry 0 marks .
a) Maximum score = 20
b) Minimum score = 0
Total knowledge score classified as: poor (0-9), aver-
age (10-14), good (15-20)
 Reliability of tools: Split Half Method / Test Retest
 Ethical considerations: Written permission will be
obtained from Ethical research committee.
 Pilot study: It will be conducted on 1/10 sample size
to find out feasibility of the study for reliability of the
tools excluded from the main study.
 Plan of analysis: Analysis and interpretation of data
will be done according to the objective by using de-
scriptive and inferential Statistics such as mean, stan-
dard deviations and chi- square.
 Process of data collection: Data collection proce-
dure will be carried out after obtaining prior permis-
sion from the selected urban community at Patna, Bi-
har. Data collection will be done for a period of 15
days. After getting written informed consent from the
subjects ,data will be collected by using standardized
self-structured questionnaires on leucorrhoea .It will
take 10-15 min for each respondent to complete the
data .
1.  Required 2.  Not required
3.  Received 4. Applied when
1.  Required 2.  Not required
3.  Received 4. Applied when
a)Not an interventional study
b)No lab test for study
c)Not Applicable
Yes No
Remarks: Not applicable
Not applicable
Coding
9
13.0 Costs involved (Approx in 13.0 Self-financed Rs.30,000/-
Rs.)
13.1 Investigation 13.1 No investigation
13.2 Disposables 13.2 Not applicable
13.3 Implants 13.3 Not applicable
13.4 Drugs /Contrast media 13.4 Not applicable
1. Patient 2. Project 3.  Exempted
Who will bear the cost of the re- 4. Other Agencies (Name)________________________
quirements? Name:- Student researcher
14.0 Participant information sheet Attached English version
(mark √ if yes) Attached Hindi version
15.0 Participant informed consent Attached English version
form
Attached Hindi version
(mark √ if yes)
16.0 Whether any work on this  (mark √ if yes, X if no)
project has started or not ?
(Please enclose a separate certificate to this effect).
No
17.0 Attached documents (if any) 17.1 Covering letter, through proper channel. Yes
17.2 Copy of the detailed protocol is mandatory. Yes
17.3 Undertaking that the study shall be done in accordance
with ICMR and GCP guidelines. Yes
17.4 In case of multicentre study, IEC clearance of others
centres must be provided. NA
17.5 Definite undertaking as to who will bear the expendi-
ture of injury related to the projects . NA
17.6 In case an insurance cover is intended, Insurance
certificate must be provided (as per ICMR
guidelines). NA
17.7 Permission as mentioned in NA
17.8 Certificate / undertaking as mentioned in 16. YES
17.9 In case of clinical trials , proof of registration of clinical

trials with ICMR needs to be submitted. NA

17.10 Investigator should provide undertaking what they will

do with the leftover sample tissue. NA

17.11 Soft copy on CD: NO
17.12 Others

10
 Date: ……
CURRICULUM VITAE OF STUDENT RESEARCHER’S

S.No Univ. Name of the student with Age Email ID & Contact Signature
Registra- Father’s name No.
tion Num-
ber

1. CON-21 NEETU KUMARI 26Yrs Neetuigims98@g-

mail.com
MR. SHIVNARAYAN
PRASAD 7209172410

2. CON-22 NEHA KUMARI 23Yrs puzzlneha@gmail.-

com
MR. ARUN SAH
7632824599

3. CON-23 NEHA PRIYA 22Yrs Ne-

hapriyaprakash804452

11
 PRAKASH @gmail.com

MR. INDRA DEO RA- 6299889921

JAK

4. CON-24 PALLAVI PRAGYA 22Yrs Pragyapallavi012@g-

mail.com 7301687763
MR. NAVIN KUMAR

CON-25 POOJA 26Yrs Poojakumar-

i45759@gmail.com
MR. BINOD KUMAR
9006445759

6. CON-26 PRAGATI BHARTI 24Yrs Bhartipragati2@g-

mail.com
MR. KRISHANDEO
PANDIT 9065538072

RESEARCH PROPOSAL
“KNOWLEDGE REGARDING LEUCORRHEA AMONG WOMEN IN URBAN
COMMUNITY, PATNA”

A women has very important role in every one’s life as mother, wife, sister or daughter. They
have to face a multiple health problems in their reproductive phase. They may face chronic
conditions, such as , pelvic pain and incontinence . These problems are more common in low
and middle income of women particularly in places where fertility is high and women do not
have access to good quality health care.1
Leucorrhoea, also spelled leucorrhoea, flow of a whitish, yellowish, or greenish discharge
from the vagina of the female that may be normal or that may be a sign of infection. Such
discharges may originate from the vagina, ovaries, fallopian tubes, or, most commonly, the
cervix . Leucorrhoea may occur during pregnancy and is considered normal when the
discharge is thin, white, and relatively odorless. Physiologic leucorrhoea is a normal
condition occurring within several months to a year of the onset of menses in adolescent girls
and is sometimes present in newborn girls, usually lasting one to two months.2

(Dr Krishna Chauhan et al, 2020) Women all over the world at some point in their life
experience vaginal discharge called Leucorrhoea . It is white (or clear), thin ( or thick), sticky

12
and odourless. Leucorrhoea results from the mucus secreted from the walls of the cervix and
vagina. It is caused by the increase in levels of hormones , especially estrogen. The presence
of leucorrhoea indicates that vagina is kept clean and in healthy condition. Vaginal discharge
is composed of mucus secreted from vagina and cervix along with old cells and normal
bacterial flora of vagina. Some women experience leucorrhoea more frequently than others.
Although, leucorrhoea is common and considered normal to occur; however many women
find it scary and is uncomfortable. Further, women are embarrassed to discuss this condition
with their peers and physician. Hence leucorrhoea becomes a challenge. 1
Leucorrhoea, vaginal discharge is a universal problem of all women , it is a condition of
persistent and excessive vaginal discharge. Female genitals are very much prone to infections
since they are moist, more sweaty and covered . women may complaint of a clear white or
mucoid discharge other prior to menses at mid cycles .It is commonly known as white
discharge.3
More than 1 million STIs are acquired every day. In 2020, WHO estimated 374 million new
infections with 1 of 4 STIS: chlamydia (129 million), gonorrhoea (82 million), syphilis (7.1
million) and trichomoniasis (156 million). More than 490 million people were estimated to be
living with genital herpes in 2016, and an estimated 300 million women have an HPV
infection, the primary cause of cervical cancer and anal cancer among men who have sex
with men. An estimated 296 million people are living with chronic hepatitis B globally.4
Almost every fourth woman in Gynecological Outpatient Department has the complaint of
vaginal discharge. Many studies concluded different levels of society reported that the
prevalence of abnormal vaginal discharge as 12.1 to 30%5.

The Reproductive and Child Health Rapid Household Survey (RCH-RHS – 1 and 2) report
shows the reproductive health is poor all over the country. This is confirmed by a systematic
review done in 2015, which showed the prevalence of all RTIs ranged from 11% to 72% in
the self- reported community based studies. The most commonly reported among women
with RTIs is abnormal vaginal discharge or Leucorrhoea. Globally, Leucorrhoea occurs in 1-
14% of all the women in the reproductive age group and is responsible for 5-10 million OPD
visits per year the prevalence of excessive vaginal discharge in India is estimated to be 30%.6

A Community Based Study to assess Leucorrhoea and Associated Factors of Leucorrhoea

among Women of Reproductive Age Group (15-45years) in selected slums of Ludhiana,
Punjab. The study results reveal that about 38% of women belong to the reproductive age

13
group (15-45 years) remaining were in the age group 15- 20 years, and (60%) of women had
severe leucorrhoea.5

(Iswatun et al, 2021) The WHO reports the number of women in the world who have
experienced leucorrhoea is 75%, while European women who have experienced leucorrhoea
is 25%.7
Dr Ritu Kumari et al,( 2019) had conducted a study- A Study on Role of Sociodemographic
Status of Women of Reproductive Age Group in Excessive Vaginal Discharge in DMCH.
The study revealed that out of 500 ,170 women complained of vaginal discharge, so the
prevalence of vaginal discharge was found to be 29.44%.8

Rudri Bai IM et al., (2018) conducted a study to analyse leucorrhoea. This Study was
conducted at Dept. of OBG, MVJ medical college and research hospital, Bangalore. The
study consisted of 100 women of age group of15-55 years with complaint of white discharge.
The detailed history examination and its association with other symptoms was recorded in
Microsoft Excel and analyzed statistically. The findings of the present study revealed that the
disease is prevalent throughout life i.e.15-55 years, but higher prevalence was observed in
mid reproductive period i.e. 25- 34 years.9

Shashirani Pangambam et al,(2019) had conducted a study – knowledge regarding

leucorrhoea and its associated factors among married women of reproductive age group in
selected rural areas of Sikkim. The study revealed that only 5% samples out of 100 had good
level of knowledge, 57% had average level of knowledge and 38% had poor level of
knowledge.10

OBJECTIVES

1. Assess the level of knowledge regarding leucorrhoea among women.

2. Find out the association between the level of knowledge regarding leucorrhoea among
women and their socio demographic variables.

3. To develop pamphlet on leucorrhoea.

AIM
The aim of the study is to assess the knowledge regarding leucorrhoea among women in
urban community, Patna.
ASSUMPTIONS
Knowledge regarding leucorrhoea among women will have some knowledge.

14
OPERATIONAL DEFINITIONS
Knowledge – It refers to the ability of women to respond correctly to questions dealing with
leucorrhoea from the knowledge score measured by the structured knowledge questionnaires.
Leucorrhoea-- Leucorrhoea is an excessive normal vaginal discharge.11

Women- women of reproductive age group [15-45 years].

Urban community- women residing in the urban community of Sheikhpura, Patna
METHODOLOGY
 Research approach and research design: Quantitative evaluation research
approach and descriptive cross sectional research design.
 Research variables: The research variables in the present study are
 Independent variables -knowledge regarding leucorrhoea
 Demographic variables –age, religion, marital status, type of family, educational
status, dietary pattern,
 Population: All women of reproductive age group.
 Sample size and sampling technique: sample size will be 400 reproductive age
women and Purposive sampling technique will be used to collect data.
 Inclusion criteria:
A. All women of reproductive age group.
B. Willing to participate
C. Available at the time of data collection.

 Exclusion criteria :
A. Women who cannot speak and understand Hindi and English
 Description of tools: The tools consist of
 Section A- socio demographic profile.
 Section B- Self structured knowledge questionnaires on leucorrhoea.
 Scoring
 Content validity- Content validity of tools will be determined by nursing and medical
experts.
 Reliability of tools- Split -half method/ Test Retest
 Ethical consideration:
 Written permission will be obtained from ethical research committee.
 Pilot study- The Pilot study will be conducted on 1/10 Sample size to find out
feasibility of the study for reliability of the tools, it is excluded from the main study.
 Data collection procedure
Data collection procedure will be carried out after obtaining prior permission from the
selected urban community at Patna ,Bihar .Data collection will be done for a period of
15 days. After getting written informed consent from the subjects ,data will be
collected by using standardized self-structured questionnaires on leucorrhoea .It will
take 10-15 min for each respondent to complete the data .

15
 Plan of analysis:- Analysis and interpretation of data will be done according to the
objectives by using descriptive and inferential statistics.
 Discussion:- It will be based on objective and assumptions of the study statistical
analysis, current trends and previously study related to research.
 Confidentiality of subject :- Coding
 Conclusion :- It will be based on the research findings of the study.
 Expected outcome :- From this research we will find out the knowledge about
leucorrhoea among women of reproductive age group.

REFERENCE
1. Dr. Chauhan Krishna, Rilta Ritu, Saklani Shivani, Kumari Kavita, Bala Kiran, Thakur
Jyoti and Sharma Geetanjali. A study to assess the knowledge regarding leucorrhea
among women residing at Kondacheri Thiruvallur, 2020;Volume 2(2): 78-82.
2. G Sathiyabama ,S Sabeetha , J Sangavi and R Shalini ,A study to assess the knowledge
regarding leucorrhea among womens residing at Kondancheri
Thiruvallur ,2020;Volume2(2):83-85.
3. Teltumbde S Archana ,Chaudhari Prachi,David Airin, Dhenge Bhagyashri,Dhobe
Sonal, Dhole Shubham ,Comparison of Knowledge Regarding Leucorrhea Among
Women in Selected Urban and Rural Area. 2020;Volume 13(15): 233-237
4. http://www.who.int/news- room /fact-sheets/detail/sexually -transmitted-infections-
(stis)
5. Khadawardi Khalid, Prevalence of Abnormal Vaginal Discharge among Pregnant
Women,2020;Volume 88(2):677-683.
6. S KalaBarathi and K JayaBharathi, Assess the prevalence of leucorrhea among women
in reproductive age group, 2019, volume (4), 2742-2744.

7. Iswatun Iswatun, Kusnanto Kusnanto, Nasir Abd, Fadliyah Lailatul, Wijayanti Sri
Endah Wijayanti, Susanto Joko, Mardhika Amellia, Aris Arifal, Suniyadewi wayan
Ni ,The Effect of Health Education on Knowledge, Attitudes, and Actions in Preven-
tion of Leucorrhea in Adoloscent Girls,2021;Volume 14:1240-1245.

16
 8. Dr. Kumari Ritu and Dr. Jha Asha, A Study on Role of Sociodemographic Status of
Women of Reproductive Age Group in Excessive Vaginal Discharge in
DMCH,2019;Volume 10:153-154.
9. IM Bai Rudri, Deepthi Manju and MN Dharmavijaya, Analysis of leucorrhoea in
tertiary care hospital in rural Bangalore,2018;Volume2(4):76-79.
10. Pangambam Shashirani, Sherpa Zangmu Sonam, Thapa Naina, Niroula Archana,
Sharma Anusha, Bhutia Ongmu Yashey, Phukan Priya Bhagya, Subba Sheetal,
Gurung Sharnima, Lepcha T Emu, Thungon Yangzon, Gurung Kriti, Lepcha Eva and
Hazarika Jimly, Knowledge regarding leucorrhoea and its associated factors among
married women of reproductive age group in selected rural areas of
Sikkim.2019;Volume2(1):12-19.
11. Dutta DC, DC Dutta’s Textbook of Gynaecology. Jaypee brothers medical
publishers,2017; Volume 9:463

Date: ………..
DECLARATION
IGIMS, have read and agreed to comply with the procedures details in the document. All the
relevant standard procedures will be adopted to conduct this study with the highest ethical
standards. We have read the Helsinki Declaration (for clinical studies), ICP - GCP guidelines/
CPCSEA guidelines/ ICMR ethical guidelines and other applicable guidelines and undertake
to follow them strictly in performance of the study titled “Knowledge regarding leucorrhoea
among women in urban community , Patna” The study will be performed as per approved
grant of permission for study. Permission will be obtained immediately from ethical
committee for any deviations, if occurred during study. The study will be terminated
immediately We, Group IV, B.Sc Nursing, III year students, (Batch:2019-2023), College of
Nursing, in case of any unforeseen adverse consequences and ethical committee will be
informed immediately.
घोषणा पत्र

हमने, इस दस्तावेज में वर्णित प्रक्रिया का विस्तृत अध्ययन किया है और इससे सहमत हूं | उच्चतम नैतिक मानदंडों के साथ इस अध्ययन
“.पटना के शहरी समुदाय के महिलाओं में ल्यूकोरिया ज्ञान के बार में|” में सभी उपयुक्त प्रक्रियाओं का पालन किया जाएगा | हमने,
Helsinki घोषणा पत्र ICP-GCP मानदंडों / CPCSEA मानदंडों/ ICMR नैतिक मानदंडों तथा अन्य लागू मानदंडों को पढ़ा है
तथा उसे कठोरतापूर्वक अपने अध्ययन में समाहित करेंगे | इस अध्ययन में किसी भी बदलाव के पूर्व, नैतिक समिति से अनुमति ली जाएगी कोई
भी विपरीत परिणाम आने पर यह अध्ययन त्वरित स्थगित कर दी जाएगी और नैतिक समिति को सूचित किया जाएगा |
छात्र शोधकर्ताओं के नाम:
Group IV
B.Sc (N) III year
S. No Names Signature (2019-2023)
1. NEETU KUMARI
.
2. NEHA KUMARI
.
3. NEHA PRIYA PRAKASH
4. PALLAVI PRAGYA 17
5. POOJA
6. PRAGATI BHARTI
Co - Guide: . Guide:
Name: Mrs.Soni Kumari Name: Mrs. Mamta Kumari
Designation:Tutor Designation: Assistant Professor
College of Nursing, IGIMS, Patna. College of Nursing, IGIMS, Patna.

Date:…………

STANDARD DEVIATION DECLARATION

We, hereby declare that a total of 400 samples will be enrolled in this study. Number of
samples may increase or decrease depending upon the availability which will be informed to
the Institutional Ethics committee, IGIMS. In view of the pandemics or other emergency
circumstances, the research data will be collected through online consultation program.

Student Researcher’s names:

Group IV
B.Sc (N) III year (2019-2023)

S. No Names Signature

1. NEETU KUMARI .
.
2. NEHA KUMARI

3. NEHA PRIYA PRAKASH

4. PALLAVI PRAGYA

5. POOJA

6. PRAGATI BHARTI
Co - Guide: .
Guide:
Name: Mrs.Soni Kumari Name: Mrs. Mamta Kumari

18
Designation:Tutor Designation: Assistant Professor
College of Nursing, IGIMS, Patna. College of Nursing, IGIMS, Patna.

UNDERTAKING
We, Group 4, B.Sc. Nursing, III year students (Batch:2019-2023) College of Nursing,
IGIMS, viz Neetu Kumari, Neha Kumari, Neha Priya Prakash, Pallavi Pragya, Pooja ,Pragati
Bharti agree to abide by the ethical guidelines for the biomedical research on human subject
(as per ICMR guidelines) while conducting the research project being submitted for ethical
committee consideration:
 Project is considered to be absolutely essential for the advancement of knowledge and
for benefit of all.
 Only subject, who volunteer for the project, will be included. Their informed consent
shall be obtained prior to commencement search project, and subject will be kept fully
appraised of all consequences.
 Privacy and confidentiality of the subjects shall be maintained and without the consent of
the subjects no disclosure will be made.
 Proper precautions shall be taken so as to minimize risk and prevent irreversible adverse
effect.
 Research will be conducted by professionally competent person.
 Research will be conducted in a fair, honest, impartial and transparent manner. Research
will be accountable for maintaining proper records.
 Research will be conducted keeping in view the public interest at large.
 Research reports, material and data will be preserved (as per institution guidelines).
 Result of research will be made through scientific publications.
 Professional and moral responsibilities will be of the researcher, directly or indirectly
connected with the research.

Yours sincerely,
Student Researcher’s names:
Group IV

19
B.Sc (N) III year (2019-2023)
S. No Names Signature

1. NEETU KUMARI

2. NEHA KUMARI

3. NEHA PRIYA PRAKASH

4. PALLAVI PRAGYA

5. POOJA

6. PRAGATI BHARTI

Co - Guide: . Guide:
Name: Mrs.Soni Kumari Name: Mrs. Mamta Kumari
Designation:Tutor Designation: Assistant Professor
College of Nursing, IGIMS, Patna. College of Nursing, IGIMS, Patna.
PARTICIPANT INFORMED CONSENT FORM (PICF)

Participant Identification number: .....................................................................

Study Title: “Knowledge regarding leucorrhoea among women in urban community ,Patna”

Name of Student Researchers: Neetu Kumari, Neha Kumari, Neha Priya Prakash, Pallavi

Pragya, Pooja, Pragati Bharti.

Name of Co-Guide: Mrs. Soni Kumari,Tutor,IGIMS-CON,Patna-14

Name of Guide: Mrs. Mamta Kumari,Assistant Professor,IGIMS-CON,Patna-14

Subject’s Full Name: …………………………………………………

Date of Birth/Age: ………………………………………………………

Address: …………………………………………………………………………………….

The contents of the Information sheet dated ......................that was provided to me has been
read carefully by me and explained in detail to me, in a language that I comprehend, and I
have fully understood the contents. I confirm that I have had the opportunity to ask questions.
The nature and purpose of the study and its potential risks/ benefits and expected duration of
the study, and other relevant details of the study have been explained to me in detail.

20
I understand that my participation is voluntary and that I am free to withdraw at any time,
without giving any reason, without my medical care or legal right being affected. I
understand that the information collected about me from my participation in this research and
sections of any of my medical notes may be looked at by responsible individuals from
IGIMS. I give permission for these individuals to have access to my records. I agree to take
part in the above study.
(Signatures/ left thumb Impression) Date:
Subject’s name: .............................................................
Place: .....................
Son/ Daughter/ Spouse of: ................................................................................
This is to certify that the above consent has been obtained in my presence.

Signature of the witness with date Signature of the student researcher

with date

तिथि:……………………..
भागीदार अवगत सहमति प्रपत्र (पी आई सी एफ)

भागीदार संख्या:………
अध्ययन शीर्षक: :… पटना के शहरी समुदाय के महिलाओं में ल्यूकोरिया ज्ञान के बार में ।
छात्र शोधकर्ताओं का नामः नीतू कु मारी ,नेहा कु मारी, नेहा प्रिया प्रकाश ,पल्लवी प्रज्ञा, पूजा ,प्रगति भारती
सह गाईड का नामः श्रीमती सोनी कु मारी
ट्यूटर
आईजीआईएमएस-कॉलेज ऑफ नर्सिंग ,पटना-14
गाईड का नामः श्रीमती ममता कु मारी
असिस्टेंट प्रोफे सर
आईजीआईएमएस-कॉलेज ऑफ नर्सिंग ,पटना-14
प्रतिभागी का पूरा नामः:………………………
जन्म तिथि / उम्र: :………………………
पता: :
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………
दिनांकित…………………………….. सूचना पत्रक कि सामग्री, मैने ध्यान से पढ़ा और समझ लिया है। मुझे मेरी समझ कि भाषा
में विस्तार से समझाया गया है और मैंने पूरी तरह से सामग्री को समझ लिया है। मुझे सवाल पूछने का अवसर मिला है।
अध्ययन और उससे लाभ एवं फल, प्रभाव अवधि और अध्ययन के अन्य प्रासंगिक के बारे में मुझे विस्तार से समझाया गया है।
मैं समझता / समझती हूं कि मेरे बच्चे की भागीदारी स्वैच्छिक है। बिना कोई कारण बताये किसी भी समय वे अपनी भागीदारी वापस लेने के लिए
स्वतंत्र हैं। मेरे बच्चे का शिक्षा चिकित्सा देखभाल कानूनी अधिकार हैं। इसके बिना प्रभावित हुए मेरे बच्चे को इस शोध में सम्मिलित किया जा रहा

21
 है। मैं समझता / समझती कि मेरे बच्चे से चिकित्सा संबंधित शोध से एकत्रित की गई सभी जानकारी इन्दिरा गांधी आयुर्विज्ञान संस्थान
आई.जी.आई.एम.एस. शेखपूरा पटना-14 के जिम्मेदार व्यक्तियों द्वारा देखा जायेगा। मैं अपने बच्चे के शोध अध्ययन में भाग लेने के लिए सहमत
हूँ ।
(हस्ताक्षर / बाएं अंगूठे का चिन्ह) तिथि:
……………………………………………….
विषय का नाम:…………………………................ स्थान:
………………………………………………
पुत्र/पुत्री/पति/पत्नी:………………………………………………
यह प्रमाणित किया जाता है कि उपर्युक्त सहमति मेरी उपस्थिति में प्राप्त की गई हैं।
________________ ____________________
गवाह का हस्ताक्षर तिथि के साथ छात्र शोधकर्ता का हस्ताक्षर तिथि के साथ

INDIRA GANDHI INSTITUTE OF MEDICAL SCIENCES

SHEIKHPURA, PATNA-14
PARTICIPANT INFORMATION SHEET (PIS)
STUDY TITLE Knowledge regarding leucorrhoea among women
in urban community, Patna.
INVITATION PARAGRAPH You are being invited to take part in a research
study, before you decide it is important for you to
understand why the research is being done and
what it will involve. Please take time to read the
following information carefully and discuss it with
friends, relatives, and your treating doctor .Ask as
if there is anything that is not clear or if you would
like more information.
WHAT IS THE PURPOSE OF THE STUDY Assess the knowledge regarding leucorrhoea
among women of reproductive age.
WHY I HAVE BEEN CHOSEN? We have been chosen because you are in
reproductive age.
DO I HAVE TO TAKE PART? It is up to you to decide whether or not to take part.
If you to take part you will give this information
sheet to keep and be asked to sign a consent form.
If you decide not to take part you are still free to
withdraw at any time, without giving any reason.
WHAT WILL HAPPEN TO ME IF I TAKE You will take information regarding knowledge
PART? about leucorrhoea from you that will help you to
consult for further guidance.
WHAT DO I HAVE TO DO? You just have to spend 10-15 minutes with us.
WHAT IS THE DRUG OR PROCEDURE THAT N/A
IS BEING TREATED?
WHAT ARE THE POSSIBLE DISADVANTGES No, any disadvantage.
AND RISK OF TAKING PART?
WILL MY TAKING PARTIN THIS STUDY BE All information collected about you during the
KEPT CONFIDENTIAL? course of the research will be kept confidential.

22
WHAT WILL HAPPEN TO THE RESULTS OF
THE RESEARCH / TRIAL STUDY?
WHO IS ORGANIZING AND FUNDING THE
RESEARCH/TRIAL?
WHO HAS REVIEWED THE STUDY?
CONTACT FOR FURTHER INFORMATION.
If you agree to take part in this study you will be given a copy of this.
THANK YOU FOR TAKING PART IN THIS STUDY
DATE:
अध्ययन शीर्षक
आमंत्रण परिच्छेद
अध्ययन का उद्देश्य क्या है
मुझे क्यों चुना गया है?
क्या मुझे भाग लेना है?
अगर मैं भाग लेता हूँ तो मेरा क्या होगा?
मुझे क्या करना होगा?
वह दवा या प्रक्रिया क्या है जिसका इलाज
किया जा रहा है?
भाग लेने के संभावित नुकसान और जोखिम
क्या हैं?
क्या मेरे इस अध्ययन में भाग लेने को
गोपनीय रखा जाएगा?
अनुसंधान/परीक्षण अध्ययन के परिणामों का
क्या होगा?
अनुसंधान/परीक्षण का आयोजन और
वित्तपोषण कौन कर रहा है?
अध्ययन की समीक्षा किसने की है?
अधिक जानकारी के लिए संपर्क करें।
यदि आप इस अध्ययन में भाग लेने के लिए सहमत हैं तो आपको इसकी एक प्रति दी जाएगी।
You will not be identifying in report publication.
Research funding is being done by researchers for
stationary and other things required for research
purpose.
The study has reviewed by experts and committees
of the institutes.
Mrs. Mamta Kumari, Asassistant Professor,
College of Nursing, IGIMS, Patna. Mobile No.:
9988887148
SIGNATURE OF PRINCIPAL
INVESTIGATOR
इंदिरा गांधी चिकित्सा विज्ञान संस्थान
शेखपुरा,पटना-14
प्रतिभागी सूचना पत्र (पीआईएस)
पटना के शहरी समुदाय के महिलाओं में ल्यूकोरिया ज्ञान के बारे में ।
आपको एक शोध अध्ययन में भाग लेने के लिए आमंत्रित किया जा रहा है, निर्णय लेने से पहले आपके लिए यह
समझना महत्वपूर्ण है कि शोध क्यों किया जा रहा है और इसमें क्या शामिल होगा। कृ पया निम्नलिखित जानकारी
को ध्यान से पढ़ने के लिए समय निकालें और दोस्तों,रिश्तेदारों और अपने इलाज करने वाले डॉक्टर के साथ इस
पर चर्चा करें। पूछें कि क्या कु छ स्पष्ट नहीं है या यदि आप अधिक जानकारी चाहते हैं।
प्रजनन आयु की महिलाओं में ल्यूकोरिया के संबंध में ज्ञान का आकलन करें।
आपको इसलिए चुना गया है क्योंकि आप प्रजनन आयु में हैं।
यह आपको तय करना है कि भाग लेना है या नहीं। यदि आप भाग लेना चाहते हैं तो आपको इस सूचना पत्र को
रखने के लिए देंगे और सहमति प्रपत्र पर हस्ताक्षर करने के लिए कहा जाएगा। यदि आप भाग नहीं लेने का निर्णय
लेते हैं,तब भी आप बिना किसी कारण के किसी भी समय वापस लेने के लिए स्वतंत्र हैं।
आप मुझसे ल्यूकोरिया के ज्ञान के बारे में जानकारी लेंगे जिससे आपको आगे के मार्गदर्शन के लिए परामर्श करने में
मदद मिलेगी।
आपको बस हमारे साथ 10-15 मिनट बिताने हैं।
कोई दवा नहीं।
नहीं, कोई नुकसान नहीं।
शोध के दौरान आपके बारे में एकत्र की गई सभी जानकारी को गोपनीय रखा जाएगा।
रिपोर्ट प्रकाशन में आपकी पहचान नहीं होगी।
शोधार्थियों द्वारा शोध कार्य के लिए आवश्यक स्थिर एवं अन्य आवश्यक वस्तुओं के लिए शोध निधियन किया जा
रहा है।
संस्थान के विशेषज्ञों और समिति द्वारा अध्ययन की समीक्षा की गई है I
श्रीमती ममता कु मारी, असिस्टेंट प्रोफे सर,नर्सिंग कॉलेज,आईजीआईएमएस, पटना। मोबाइल न० –
9988887148
23
इस अध्ययन में भाग लेने के लिए धन्यवाद

दिनांक: प्रधान अन्वेषक का हष्ताक्षाऱ

INDIRA GANDHI INSTITUTE OF MEDICAL SCIENCES

SHEIKHPURA, PATNA-14

PARTICIPANT INFORMED CONSENT FORM

Study Title: “ Knowledge regarding leucorrhoea in urban community ,Patna” .
Study Number:______________________________________________________________
Subject’s Full Name:_________________________________________________________
Date of Birth/Age:__________________________________________________________
Address:____________________________________________________________________
1. I confirm that I have read and understood the information sheet dated study and have had
the opportunity to ask questions.
Or
I have been explained the nature of the study by the Investigator and had the opportunity
to ask questions.
2. I understand that my participation in the study is voluntary and that I am free to withdraw
at any time, without giving any reason and without my medical care or legal rights being
affected.
3. I understand that the sponsor of the clinical trial/project, others working on the Sponsor’s
behalf, the Ethics Committee and the regulatory authorities will not need my permission
to look at my health records both in respect of the current study and any further research
that may be conducted in relation to it, even if I withdraw from the trial. However, I
understand that my Identity will not be revealed in any information released to third
parties or published.
4. I agree not to restrict the use of any data or results that arise from this study provided such
a use is only for scientific purpose(s)
5. I agree to take part in the above study.
Signature (or Thumb impression) of the Subject Legally Acceptable Representative: ____

Signatory’s Name:___________________________________Date:_________________

Signature of the Study Investigator:______________________Date:_________________

Signatory Name of the Study Investigator: _____________________________________

24
 Signature of the Witness:______________________________Date:_________________

Witness Name: _________________________________________________________________

इंदिरा गांधी चिकित्सा विज्ञान संस्थान

शेखपुरा,पटना-14
सूचित सहमति प्रपत्र
अध्ययन शीर्षक: पटना के शहरी समुदाय के महिलाओं में ल्यूकोरिया ज्ञान के बारे में ।
अध्ययन संख्या:
___________________________________________________________________________
_
विषय का पूरा नाम:
________________________________________________________________________
जन्म तिथि/आयु:
__________________________________________________________________________
पता:
___________________________________________________________________________
__________
___________________________________________________________________________
_____________
1. मैं पुष्टि करता हूं कि मैंने अध्ययन की सूचना पत्रक को पढ़ और समझ लिया है और मुझे प्रश्न पूछने का अवसर मिला है।

या
मुझे अन्वेषक द्वारा अध्ययन की प्रकृ ति के बारे में समझाया गया है और मुझे प्रश्न पूछने का अवसर मिला है।
2. मैं समझता हूं कि अध्ययन में मेरी भागीदारी स्वैच्छिक है और मैं बिना कोई कारण बताए और अपनी चिकित्सा देखभाल या कानूनी
अधिकारों को प्रभावित किए बिना किसी भी समय वापस लेने के लिए स्वतंत्र हूं।
3. मैं समझता हूं कि नैदानिक परीक्षण/परियोजना के प्रायोजक, प्रायोजक की ओर से काम करने वाले अन्य, नैतिकता समिति और नियामक
प्राधिकरणों को वर्तमान अध्ययन और किसी भी आगे के शोध के संबंध में मेरे स्वास्थ्य रिकॉर्ड को देखने के लिए मेरी अनुमति की
आवश्यकता नहीं होगी। जो इसके संबंध में आयोजित किया जा सकता है, भले ही मैं परीक्षण से हट जाऊं । हालांकि, मैं समझता हूं कि
तीसरे पक्ष को जारी या प्रकाशित किसी भी जानकारी में मेरी पहचान प्रकट नहीं की जाएगी।
4. मैं इस अध्ययन से उत्पन्न होने वाले किसी भी डेटा या परिणामों के उपयोग को प्रतिबंधित नहीं करने लिए सहमत हूं, बशर्ते ऐसा उपयोग
के वल वैज्ञानिक उद्देश्य के लिए हो।
5. मैं उपरोक्त अध्ययन में भाग लेने के लिए सहमत हूं।
विषय/कानूनी रूप से स्वीकार्य प्रतिनिधि के हस्ताक्षर (या अंगूठे का निशान): _______________________
हस्ताक्षरकर्ता का नाम: ____________________________________दिनांक:__________-
_________________

25
अन्वेषक के
हस्ताक्षर:_____________________________________दिनांक:___________________________
अध्ययन अन्वेषक का
नाम:__________________________________________________________________
गवाह के
हस्ताक्षर:_________________________________________दिनांक:_________________________
_
गवाह का नाम
___________________________________________________________________________

Date:
…………......

From,
Group IV.
B.Sc Nursing III yr (Batch: 2019-23)
IGIMS - College of Nursing, IGIMS Patna – 14
To,
The Chairman,
Sub Ethical Committee/ Institutional Ethics Committee (H)
IGIMS, Patna -14
Sub: Regarding Sub Ethical Committee/ Institutional Ethics Committee (H) clearance for the
submitted Research Proposal

Respected Sir,
Most humbly and respectfully, we, the undersigned group IV of B.Sc Nursing III yr
(Batch;2019-2023.), are hereby submitting the research proposal on the topic “ Knowledge
regarding leucorrhoea in urban community ,Patna” for the Sub Ethical Committee/ Institutional
Ethics Committee (H) clearance from IGIMS. This is for your kind perusal and the needful.
Thanking you, with warm regards.
Yours Sincerely,

Student Researcher’s names:

Group 4
B.Sc (N) III year (2019-2023.)
S. No Names Signature
1. NEETU KUMARI

26
 2. NEHA KUMARI
3. NEHA PRIYA PRAKASH
4. PALLAVI PRAGYA
5. POOJA
6. PRAGATI BHARTI

Co - Guide: . Guide:
Name: Mrs.Soni Kumari Name: Mrs. Mamta Kumari
Designation:Tutor Designation: Assistant Professor
College of Nursing, IGIMS, Patna. College of Nursing, IGIMS, Patna.

Section-A
Socio-Demographic variables :
(Direction: Kindly read the questions carefully and complete the items by (√ ) marking tick
against your appropriate answer)
1. Age in years
(a) 15-24
(b) 25-34
(c) 35-44
(d) 44-54
2. Marital status
(a) Unmarried
(b) Married
(c) Widow
(d) Divorced
3. Religion
(a) Hindu
(b) Muslim
(c) Christian
(d) Others
4. Types of family
(a) Joint
(b) Nuclear
5. Educational status

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 (a) No formal education
(b) Primary education
(c) Secondary education
(d) Higher education
(e) Graduate
6. Do you have any associated disease
If yes specify-------------------
(a) Yes
(b) No

7. Source of Information
(a) Health personal
(b) Parents
(c) Mass media
(d) No information
(e) Other
8. Socio-economic status
(a) Upper class
(b) Upper middle class
(c) Middle class
9. Dietary pattern
(a) Vegetarian
(b) Non vegetarian
(c) Mixed
10. Number of children
(a) One
(b) Two
(c) Above two
(d) None

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 SECTION – B
Self-Structured Knowledge Questionnaire
1. Leucorrhoea is a
a) vaginal discharge.
b) cervical discharge.
c) both.
d) none of the above .

2. Features of leucorrhoea are

a) white or clear
b) Thin or thick.
c) Odourless.
d) All the above.

3. Sign which are not present in leucorrhoea

a) Paleness
b) Pain in menstruation.
c) Cyanosis.
d) Breathlessness.

4. Home remedies for leucorrhoea is

a) Indian gooseberry.
b) Pomegranate.
c) Saffron.
d) All of the above.

5. Hormone responsible for leucorrhoea is

a) Estrogen.
b) Progesterone.
c) Both .

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 d) None

6. Organism causing leucorrhoea is

a) Fungus candida Albicans
b) Protozoan parasite Trichomonas vaginalis.
c) Both
d) None

7. Causes of leucorrhoea in women are

a) Steroids use.
b) Bacterial vaginosis.
c) Birth control pills.
d) All of the above.

8. Types of leucorrhoea are

a) Physiologic leucorrhoea.
b) Inflammatory leucorrhoea.
c) Parasitic leucorrhoea.
d) All of the above

9. Features of Physiologic leucorrhoea are

a) Clear or milky.
b) Relatively thin.
c) Odourless.
d) All of the above

10. Colour of leucorrhoea seen when dried on underwear

a) Black.
b) Red.
c) Yellow
d) None.

11. Leucorrhoea is associated with

a) Vulvitis.
b) Vaginitis
c) Both
d) None.

12. Bacteria present in Physiological discharge are

a) Cleansing bacteria.
b) Lactobacilis.
c) Both.
d) None.

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13. Leucorrhoea is normal when discharge is
a) White.
b) No odour
c) Both
d) None.

14. Leucorrhoea starts in pregnancy after

a) One or two weeks after conception.
b) one week after conception
c) Two or three weeks after conception.
d) None.

15. Leucorrhoea can be diagnosed by findings of

a) ≥10 wbc.
b) 9 wbc.
c) ≤10 wbc.
d) None

16. Tablets used for the treatment of white discharge are

a) Metronidazole.
b) Clindamycine.
c) Both
d) None

17. Abnormal discharge means

a) Bright yellow or green discharge
b) White discharge.
c) Green discharge.
d) None.

18. Vaginal discharge is normal when discharge is

a) Approx one half to one teaspoon (2-5 ml).
b) 4-6 ml.
c) >7 ml
d) None.

19. Ointment best for the treatment of itching in private parts

a) Clotrimazole.
b) Metronidazole.
c) Both
d) None.

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20. Best remedies for vaginal discharge
a) Guava tea.
b) Sweet broom tea.
c) Both
d) None

****

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