3. Ans: 4. Ans: 5. Ans: Ans: ‘What is Science: Text Book Page # 2 (RWP 2014) Science is the study in which observations are made, experiments are done and logical conclusions are drawn in order to understand principles of nature.” Why was the scientific information not classified into dif In ancient times, the scientific information was not ck exists today. All the scientific information was inch Reason: branches? nto different branches, as it me head i.e. ‘science’. With the passage of time scientific infornmayjon intvefsed many folds and this enormous scientific knowledge was then classified into t Branches like: * Biology Mathematics © Chemistry S What are the thougats Abdus Salam about science? According to Dr. Abayerwal “Scientific Knowle mmon heritage of mankind,” Define Biolo ite also its meaning and derivation, (BWP 2015) The wopl has been derived trom two Greek words ‘bios’ m&ingplite! ‘logos’ meal¥fng ‘thought or reasoning’ “The scientific study of life is called Biology.” What is the benefit of the study of living things? To understand and appreciate nature, itis essential to study the structures, functions and related aspects of living organisms. The study of living organisms provides information and remedies to human problems regarding: © Health © Food ¢ Environment What is difference between Zoology and Botany? (BWP2013, LHR 2013, 2015, DGK 2014) ‘Zoology: Scanned with CamScannerThis division of biology deals with the study of animals, This division of biology deals with the study of plants, How would you differentiate between Morphology and Anatomy? ‘Text Book Page # 3 (LHR 201 DGK 2015) * Morphology deals with the study of form * Anatomy deals with study of internal strug structures of living organism of living organisms, * It includes study of physical features suc| © It includes study Mylar and tissue size, shape, color of biological structures composition of bio icaMetructures Ans: “Molecular biology deals with the study of the mol yf life. It is also known as biochemistry Example: \- © Water * Carbohydrates AS * Lipids @ Nucleic acids xS 9. Define Morphology. & (GRW 2012) Ans: Definitio © i “This branch Ru study of form and structures of living organisms.” 10. What is Ans: The stud characters fr 8. Define Molecular biology. co (SGD 2014) les hetween genetics and inheritance? 's and their role in inheritance is called genetics whereas trans one generation to another is called inheritance 11, What is cell biology? (GRW 2013) Ans: “The study of the structures and functions of cells and cell organelles is called cell biology.” This branch also deals with the study of cell division. 12. Define embryology. (GRW 2013) Ans: Definitio “It is the study of the development of an embryo to new individual.” 13. What are fossils? Ans: Fossils are the remains of extinct organism Examples: Coal (GRW 2013, SGD 2014) Scanned with CamScanner14. Ans: 15, Ans: 16. Ans: 17. Ans: 18, Ans: 19. Ans: 20. Ans: What are Parasites? Give examples. (LHR 2013, RWP 2015, FSD 2014) “The organisms that take food and shelter from living hosts and, in return, harm them are called parasites” Examples: + Viruses Pathogenic Bacteria * Lices Define Biotechnology. (LHR 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, SWL 2015) “It deals with the practical application of living organisms to make substances for the welfare of mankind” Example: Production of human insulin by bacteria What do you know about Pharmacology? O luman body” Example: ° Paracetamol used as pain-killer aN What are the Major Biological Isqyes 4. SWL 2014, GRW 2014, MTN 2015) ‘The major biological issues of Py follow: Human population gout Infectious diseases > Addictive drugs * Environmental poflytio jow would 9 >. ter-disciplinary sciences? ‘Text Book Page # 4 Biology gach (4 pformation on various aspects of living things but these information relate t ‘branches of sciences as well. Each branch of science has relationships with all Meyffanches, This forms the basis of interdisciplinary sciences Example: The study of basic metabolism of photosynthesis and respiratin involves the knowledge of chemistry, What is meant by biophysics? (GRW 2012, BWP 2015, SGD 2015) “it deals with the study of the prineples of physies, which are applicable to biological phenomeni Example: There is a simialrity between the working principles of lever in p animals in biology 's and limbs of Define Biochemistry. (LHR 2014, SGD 2015) “It deals with the study of the chemistry of different compounds and processes occuring in Scanned with CamScannerAns 22, Ans; 23. Ans: 24, Ani 20. Ans: living organisms.” Examples The study of basic metabolism of photosynthesis and res} piration involves the knowledge of chemistry What is mea by Biogeography? (GRW 2015) “It deals with study of the occurrence and distribution of different species of living organisms in different geopraphical regions of the world {t applies the knowledge of the characteristics of particular geopraphical regions to determine the characteristics of living organisms found there Define Bio-metry, It deals with study of biological processes using mathemati Example: To analyze the data gathered after experimental work, bj mathematics, Define Bio-economics. “It deals with the stuay of organisms from econom nt of view.” Example: e The cost value anu profit value of the yield niqties and tools.” ve to apply the rules of calculated through bioeconomies, ‘culture and discuss role of a| rist. his protession deals wath the {ox ‘animals which are the source of food Scope of Agriculture: An agriculturist works for the fo crops like wheat, rice, corn ete and animals from which we get food @ What do you know abggégttol This profession h of Scope of Horticutt A horticulturist he betterment of existing varieties and for the production of new ontyqnen plants and fruit plants Adoptai sion: Biol an adopt this profession after their higher secondary education Follow fprotessions can be adopted after bachelor levels of zoo © Fisheries © Farming © Forestry What is farming? Give examples of different farms. It deals with the development and maintenance of different types of farms.” Scanned with CamScanner= amples: In some farms, animal breeding technologies are used for the production of animals which are better protein and milk source ‘© In poultry farms, chicken and eggs are produced ‘© In fruit farms, different fruit yielding plants are grown. 28. Name any four careers in biology Ans: Following are the four careers in biology © Medicine © Surgery © Fisheries Farmii 29. Quote a verse from Holy Quran that hints at common © ext Book Page 4 6 Ans: At many places in Holy Quran, Allah hints about tie comfgon origin and characteristies of living organisms Verse: ~.: "We made every living thi ter." (Sura: Ambial 0) 30, What are the contributions of Abgil Nglik' Asma in field of science? Ge" ‘Book Page # 7 (LHR 2012, SGD 2014) ‘Ans: He is considered the first Mud S fist who studied animals in detail Famous Books: His famous writings in © "ALAbil (camely’ Go © "ALKhail (hase) © "ALWah fal)’ aes 3. Describe rervices of Jabir Bin Hay: names of his two famous books, (GRW 2013, MTN 2014, BWP 2014, MTN 2015, DGK 2015) Ans: He was born in Iran and practiced medicine in Iraq. He introduced experimental investigation in chemistry and also wrote a number of books on plants and animals Famous books: His famous books are © Ab-Nabatat © Al-Haywan 32, Name the books written by following scientists. (LTR 2012) (ay (b) Abdul Malik Asmai ()— BueAli Scanned with CamScannerAns: 33. Ans: Ans: Jabir-Bin-Hayan: Al-Nabatat, Al-Haywan Abdul Malik Asm: AL-Abil (camel), Al-Khail (horse), Al-Wahoosh (ani Bu-Ali-Sina Al-Qanun-Fi-AlTib What is role of Bu Ali Sina in Biology?(SGD 2015, FSD 2015, SGD 2014, LHR 2016) He is honoured as the founder of medicine and called as Avicenna in the west. He was a physician, philosopher, astronomer and poet Famous Book: One of his books “Al-Qanun-fi al-Tib” is known as the canon efmaigine in West. Define an atom and also tell its meaning. QO Definition: be further sub divided “An atom is defined as simplest form of matter wh Lis composed of three fundamental particle © Electrons Y ° © Protons Meaning OS ‘a’ means not aE) | Define bio-elements and ast t Book Page #8 (DGK 2014, SWL 2015, GRW 2015) “The elements that tal elements.” aking the body mass of a living organism are called bio- There are to aren Only six (0, 12, & P) make 99% of the total mass. Other igfiK.' a, Mg, Fe, Cu, Mn, Zn & I) collectively make 01 % of the total mass rt showing percentage composition of bioclements in protoplasm of Draw ye g Scanned with CamScanner7. What is Biomolecule? Ans: “In organisms, bioelements usually do not occur in isolated forms rather they combine through ionic or covalent bonding. The stable particle biomolecule, Exampl formed by such bonding is called as © Glucose ‘© Proteins 38. Write down names of bi Ans: ecules groups. Following are the names of groups of bio-molecules Micromolecul (LHR 2016) Or: 2015, SGD 2015) efiles with high molecular wei romolecules Macromolecules 39 Differen iate between M omolecule and Macro The biomoli les with low molecular weight called micromolecules. Examples: : © Glucose Starch | © Water Proteins xs Lipids ight | 40, Explain macro mole Ans: The bio: 8s wife Examples: © Stareh r ‘xample. (SGD 2014, LHR 2014) nole Thigh molecuta weights are called macro molecules 41. Whatis difference between organelle and cell? Ans: The organelles are actually sub-cellular structu and when they assemble together, cells are for | Example * Animal Cell © Plant Cell form organelles. Examples: © Mitochondria © Ribosomes 42. Define Tissue & Give examples, Ans: “Similar cells performing similar functions OR ilar cells specialized for the performance of a common function” Text Book Page # 9 (BWP 2015) fe organized into groups called tissues’ A tissue is a group of si Scanned with CamScanner43. Ans: 45. Ans: 46. Ans: 47. Ans: © Epidermal tissue and ground tissue in plants * Nervous tissue and muscular tissues in animals What nent by organ system? (LHR 2014) Different organs perf ming related functions are organized together in the form of an organ system. In an organ system, each organ carries out its spek functions of all organs appear as the function of the pl The digestive system is an organ system that carries out the ofgans in its framework are oral cavity, stomach, small inte; ‘fic funciton and the organ system, ggss of digestion. Major intesine, liver, and as. All these organs help in the process of digestion What is the difference between organ system level ofgdagi Mand plants? Text Book Page #10 The organ system level is less complex in plantgggggok fo animals, Reason The less complexity of organ system level in¥gnts is Bue to a greater range of functions and activities in animals than in plants, ena e Define indi idua “Different organs and organ systems aie {ize touether to form an individual or Coordination in Organ & In organism, the tunctions, Proce Pact ivities of various organs and organ systems are coordinated Define Population, “A group of organism population.” Example: According to Minis (MTN 2014, DGK 2015) pecies located at the same place in the same time is called ulation Welfare, Government of Pakistan, human population in Pakistan in 2010 gagppr Mgt 173.5 million individuals. Define Com (one (GRW 2012, 2013, 2014) { difterent populations, interacting with one another within the same Pd community.” envi A for are the types of community ‘Community: Some€ommunities are complex Examples * A forest community * A pond community Scanned with CamScannerSimple Communi Some communities may be simple. Example A fallen log with various populations under it Ina simple community number and size of populations is limi Name the levels of organization in correct order. ation: evels of orga Sub atomic and atomic level Molecular level Organelle and cell level Tissue level Organ and organ system level Individual level ~~’ Population level Community level Bio-sphere level 49. What is biosphere level: Byemag 4 WGK 2014, SWL 2015, RWP 2015) Ans: “The part of the Earth inhabited by ora| efomun It constitutes all ecosystems (areas wi hy organsims interact with the nonliving called the zone of life on Earth, is known as biosphere. components of the environmegy a 50, Name the types of cellular organt Ans: In living organisms the cells en (i) Unicellular Organization (ii) Colonial Organization Multicellular Organization SI, Name any four unic(Qj4j isms. (GRW 2014, FSD 2015) cola i Ans: The names of unic isms are given below * Amoeba © Paramecium © Euglena © Bactetjgan 52. “ty {ype of cellular organization with example? Text Book Page # 11 free ways to make the bodies of organisms, ‘Text Book Page # 12 (LHR 2013, GRW 2014) col of cellular organization, many unicellular organisms live together but do /e any division of labour among them, ‘unigGRular organism in a colony lives its own life and does not depend on other cells requirements, Example: © Volvox is a green alga found in water that shows colonial organization. Hundreds of Volvox cells make a colony Scanned with CamScanneration? Explain with an example. (GRW 2013) 53. ulticellular org Ans: In multicellular organization, cells are organized in the form of tissues, organs and organ systems E: ples: © Frog and mustard plants are the familiar examples of multicellular organization. Explanation: Frog shows the multicellu organ system consists of related organs. All the orgi (epithelial, glandular, muscular, nervous etc) organization. The body is made of organ systems and each ans are made of specific tissues 54, Write down scientific Names of Mustard Plant and Fy (LHR 2012, SW name of mustard plant is, Brass Scientific name of Frog is, 14,8GD 2014, BRW 2015) Scientif Rana tigrina . 55. Write the importance of mustard oY (9GK 2015, MTN 2015) Ans: Mustard plant (scientific name: iQ mpesiris) 1s $4 in winter and it produces 1s used as vegetable and its seeds are used for (RWP 2015) seeds at the end of winter. The plata extracting oil. 56. What is difference rane tive and reproductive organs of plants? PRUE RO oe [UO RO en The organs which do ng Cs in the sexua{ The organs which take part in the sexual reproduction of the pjg lied vegetative | reproduction of the plant and produce fruits and organs seeds are called reproductive organs Examples: | + Root eal © Bran’ © Leaves J Scanned with CamScanner