aEE STAUCTURAL imme ANALYSIS Second EditionMatrix Structural Analysis Second Edition William McGuire Professor of Civil Engineering, Emeritus Comell University Richard H. Gallagher Late Professor and President Clarkson Oniversity Ronald D. Ziemian “Associate Professor of Civil Engineering Bucknell University John Wiley & Sons, Inc. New York / Chichestr/ Weinkelm Brisbane /Singapore/ TorontoTA 6G M25 200 © werunmeany 208 050347968 ACQUISITIONS EDITOR Weyne Anderson MARKETING MANAOER Katherine epbzn PRODUCTION EDITOR Ken Santor CoviR DESIGNER Tyas Koga TELUSTRATION COORDINATOR — Sigmund MalinowskiEugene Aictio ELECTRONIGILLUSTRATIONS Precision Grephics Inc. “This book was set in 10152 Times Tem by UG ! GGS Information Services, Ine, and printed tnt bound by Hanlton Printing Compan, Inc. The cover was printed by Phoenix Color Corporation. ‘isto i pied on ase pope 6 “The paper in this book was manufactured by a mill whose forest management programs sin sostained yield horvesting ofits Gamberlands. Sustained yield harvesting principles ares thatthe numbers of trees cut each year does not exceed the einount of new growth Copycght © 200 Job Wiley & Sons, Tne. A sight reserved ‘No par ofthis publication maybe reproduced, stored in oseval este or transite ae Bray mean, elecons mectaaesh photocopying. record, senting uted under Setions 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Coonan Ach nthont ier te prio ites permission of the Publisher, seb rRatie trough peyincnt of the sporopste percopy fe tothe Copyright ‘Gearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, (508) 750840, fx (Gag) 7504470 Requests fo te Publier for permiston shot be eddresed to the eemions Department, Jon Wiley & Sons, Inc, 605 Third Aveave, Now York, NY 0158-032, (212) 830-013, fox (212) 880-608, Mai PEROAREQ@WILEY.COM. “Library of Congress Caaloging-In-Publlcation Dare MeOuit, Willie, 1920- ‘Matrix stvctral soalyss oy Wiliams McGuire, Richard Gallagher, Ropsld D Zemian. —2ad 0 Pe. Iaslades dex. ISBN 0-471. 129186 (oth: alk paper) 1, Structural analysis (Eaginecrng)—Matrc methods 1. Galisgher, Rcbud H. I Ziemian, Ronald D. 1H. Tide, TAGIZADS 2000 ear. sasss7 cr Printed io the United States of Ameria 3098765432Preface to the Second Edition ‘The first edition of this book was written 20 years ago, but our aims remain the same: to place proper emphasis on the methods of matrix structural analysis used in cutrent practice and to provide the groundwork for forthcoming practice and allied, more advanced subject matter. The present edition accounts for changes in practice that have taken place in the intervening years, and it incorporates advances in the art of analysis we regard as suitable for application now and of increasing importance to practitioners in the years just ahead ‘Among the major changes from the first edition is the addition of chapters on the nonlinear analysis of framed structures, treatment of the solution of nonlinear prob- lems, and packaging of a compact disk containing the computer program, MASTAN2. ‘The major reductions include the deletion of Chapter 7 on the flexibility method, Section 10.7 on the transfer matrix method, and Chapter 12 on the finite clement ‘method. The entire text and illustrative examples have also been edited extensively, ‘and several chapters have been repositioned. These changes deserve some explanation. ‘The reduction in coverage of the flexibility method was presaged by a comment in the preface to the first edition: “It is hardly used in practice.” Although the method is advantageous in certain circumstances and we believed it might receive greater atten: tion if cast in a moce efficient form, such has not been the case. Therefore, the de- velopment of flexibility method equations of global analysis has been deleted. But extensive coverage of the flexibility approach to the determination of clement force- displacement relationships has been retained because of the value that it has in many tances. Elimination of the global flexibility method formulation also led to recon sideration of the chapter oa the equations of statics and kinematies (Chapter 6 of the first edition) which was in large measure preparation for the identification of redundant forces in the flexibility method. That material has been deleted also. The other dele- tions—-material oa the transfer matrix method and the general finite clement concept— ‘wore made in the interest in retaining a reasonably wieldy volume. “The additions represent some departures from the spirit of the frst edition. In that edition’s preface it was noted that, in concentrating on the direct stiffness method, we were dealing with an accredited, widely practiced procedure, whercas an earlier gen- eration of texts frequently dealt with subject matter that was not fully crystallized. Nonlinear structural analysis has a long history and itis the subject of a number of books and some highly sophisticated computer programs, but it can hardly be called “erystallized.”" Many of its features are ad hoc—in the good sense of the term—and are in need of reduction to more routine procedures through further research and ‘generalization, Others may always require the expertise of specialists in analysis, as, ‘opposed to the design engineer who has many additional concerns. Nevertheless, itis believed to be timely, and indeed necessary, to include an introduction to nonlinear analysis in a text on tho analysis of framed structures, particularly those of the civil engineering variety. Techniques for its practical application are at hand, and there is, a growing awareness of their place in design. ‘Similarly in the fist edition we decided to exclude computer programs, citing in its preface their rapid obsolescence and the widespread availability of commercial pro- grams such as STRUDL. Advances ia all areas of computer technology aver the pastMi Preface to the Second Badition twenty years have changed tht. Particularly relevant to our subject isthe capacity for packaging structural analysis programs of significant power in an interactive graphic~ PSpposted medium suitable for running on readily available personal computers The computer is Bota substitite for mastery ofthe subject matter, but in the ability forthe {eer to control the terms of the analysis and to picture the results that itmow provides, itean be an invaluable eid to understanding the theory and appreciating the physical gnificance of the outcome. We believe these pedagogical advantages outweigh the / navitabilty of obsolescence and are therefore packaging with every copy of the text | MASTAN2!, an interactive graphies program with provisions for geometric aad ma- terial nonlinear analysis, as well 8& conventional linear elastic anlysis. MASTAN2 is based on MATLAB", a premicr software package for numerie computing and data { analysis. “Also, whereas we used SI units exclusively inthe fst edition, in this one many of the examples and problems-particulary those of a nonlinear natuce that have strong, Jimplications for design-—are ia Imperial units. We do this because the SI system has rer teen fully asimilated in practice, and we believe that appreciation of the physical Significance ofthe results is essential to their understanding, ‘us aims forthe present edition are explained further inthe following discussion of ‘the motivation and salient features ofthe respective chapters: “Three purposes are served by Chapter i, the introduction, iss, we present # concise sketch of the development ofthe subject. One intent of this history is to emphasize thet computerized structural analysis methods ate merely one part of a continuing process that extends back more than 150 years, Second, the role that computerized TTructural analysis bas played in the design of existing structures is outined. Finally, the computer capabilities themselves are tied to the programs written for structural fnalyis, Particular altention is given to the development and use of interactive com: puter graphics. ‘Chapters 2-5 represent closely allied subject matter related primarily to the direet stiffness method. Chapter 2 serves to define terminology, coordinate systems, and the host fandamtental notions of structural behavior, but itelo contain two developments ot great generality. The first i the basic character of elemental relations in the form of aiffnets and fesbiity and theistransformabilty from one to another and even to Shernative formats. The second is the fundamental idea of direct stifiness analysis, described here by means ofthe simplest structural element. "A more forial treatment is given to direct stiffness analysis in Chapter 3 and, con- sequently itis possible (o examine more closely the implications for large-scale prac- tical computation. The later include considerations such a8 the characteristics ofthe igebraie equations that are to bé formed and solved. Ia Chapters 4 and 5 the emain- ing tools needed forthe linear elastic stifiess analysis of complete frames are estab- ished, The stifiness matrix ofa rather general space-frame clement is formulated and | then applied, in illustrative examples, toa variety of specic situations “Two comments on Chapters 2-5 are appropriate, The frst is that, except for some ‘editing ofthe text and modification of the examples and problems, they are identical to the same chapters of the first edition. The second is that this intial development of the subject features the basic physical conditions of structural analysis: equilibriam, compatibility, and the mechanical properties of the material. Reliance on work and cnergy concepts is kept to a minimum. Our feeling is that it is preferable to help the aa name MASTAN® iso tony for Matix Scat Ay, 2 Bion. a developed ye | a MAN aposon hws lees oan exang commer sector ae Seweat ace rors Sea ae re wademuk of he MatWors lac 9 Ape Hi Dee Natick MAOI709098 |