Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • Pak

    Uploaded by

    John Philip Paras
    15 views47 pages

    Original Title

    pak

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PDF or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    Report this Document

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    15 views47 pages

    Pak

    Uploaded by

    John Philip Paras

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    of 47
    Horindciem~ PANGASINAN STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND ARCHITECTURE URDANETA CITY 4S" SEMESTER AY 2021-2022 qa ESII- STATICS OF RIGID BODES Ce MT NOTEBOOK CENDANA. MARK CHRISTIAN V. BSCE -2A ENGR. RUTH ANN D MANINGDING TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER TORIC a PRINCIPLE OF STATICS z RESULTANT cr FORCE ‘SYSTEM 3 EQULIBRUM Cr FoRCES PAGE, CHAPTER 2. PRINCIPLE OF STATICS. CHAPTER OBsEcTIVES 2 EXPLAIN THE FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLE RELA: TED TO STATICS OF RIGID BODIES, ‘2 UNDERSTAND THE CONCEPTS OF FORCE SYS TENS. 3. DSCUSS THE INTROOUCTION To rReE-ROpY DIAGRAM. 4, DENTIFY THE OPFERENCE BETWEEN THE VECTOR AND SCALAR GUANTITES. 5. DISCUSS THE PARALLELOGRAM AND TRIAN: ULAR LAW. G REVIEW THE UNIT OF VEASUREMENT. EAC FUNDAMENTALICONCEPTS"Z°DEFINITIONE ENGINEERING MECHANICS | THE BRANCH OM Sct ENCE WHICH DESCRIBES AND PREDICTS THE CONDITION OF REST OR MOTION OF BODIES UN- DER THE ACTION of FORCES. SLBRANCHES of WECHANICS 2. RIGID BODIES MECHANICS 2. DEFORMABLE RIGID BODIES 5 FLUID MECHANICS MECHANICS OF RIGID BODIES: THIS CONSE DEALS SOLELY WITH MECHANICS OF RIGID BO DIES. A RIGID BODY IS_m BODY WHcH DOESN'T DEFORM UNDER THE FORCES" INFLUENCE. WNeGn day RIGID BODIES MECHANICS DEALS WITH 3. STATICS. 12. DYNAMICS: rATICS. OF THE STUBY OF BODES IS IN EQULIBRIUM THIS MEANS THERE ARE NO UNBALANCED FORCES: ON THE BODY, THUS THE BODY I AT REST OR. MOVING AT A’ UITORM VELOCITY. 1 BopI DEALS WITT! THE STUDY OF BODIES IN moron, AienrORCESYSTENM FORCE MAY BE DEFINED AS THE ACTON OF ONE BODY ON ANOTHER FODY THAT AFFE~ CTS THE STATE OF MOTION OR REST OF BOY IN LATE AT CENTURY, SIF ISARC NEWTON, SUMMARIZED THE EFFECTS OF FORCE IN 5 BASIC LANS. FIRST LAW:ANY BODY AT REST WIL RE- MAIN. AT REST AND ANY BODY IN MOTION WILL MOVE. UNIFO- RMLY INA STRAIGHT LINE, yrange TYPES OF FORCES, = COPLANAR, PARALLEL FORCE SYSTEMS ARC OFTEN DENTIFIED BY ALL FORCES ARE PARALLEL AND ACT IN THE THE TYPE OR TYPES OF SYSTEM ON WHICH SAME PLANE. Tey ACT. . * FL FURCES ACTH ALONE THE SANE S~ sews SoH UN was weal” i KR Re— REACTIONS DS 5 A BEAM SUPPORTED BY A GERIES OF COLUMNS CETTE TS 2. COPLANAR, A.COPLANAR, CONCURRENT ALL FORCES ACTING IN THE SAME PLANE. ALL FORCES INTERSECTS AT A COMMON PO INT AND LIE IN THE SAME PLANE: ' fy COLUMN LORDS INA, CONCRETE BULDING PORES mM BUTTRESS SYSTEM UNLESS ACTED UPON BY THE FORCE. (EQUILIBRIUM) 6 Fe —oy mB A EGUILIBRIUM @SECOND LAW: THE TIME RATE OF CHA NGE OF MOMENTUM IS EQUAL To THE FORCE PRODUCING IT, AND THE CHANGE TAKES RACE IN THE ORECTION IN Witch THE FORCE 1S AC TING. B ACCELERATED MOTION Foran dea ‘eTHIRD LAW: FOR EVERY FORCE oF AC TION, THERE IS & REACTION THAT IS EGUAL IN MAGNE TUDE, OPPOSITE IN DIREC TION AND HAS THE SAME Boleoaed vee Ao = a OO Groves oon Aan ms © ACTION-REACTION a wee a RSL, wer wor, weg EQUUBRUM “SETTLEMENT LEVITATION ©. GROUND RESISTANCE ON A BUILDING ACTERISTICS OF A ‘A FORCE IS CHARACTERIZED BY 1S Ca) MAS NITUDE ,@)DIRECTION,, (¢) POINT OF APPLICA TION/ POSTON OF ITS LINE OF ACTION. QPOINT OF APPLICATION: DEFINES THE POINT WHERE THE FORCE 15 A’ PPUIED. MAGNITUDE: REFERS TO THE QUANTITY OF FORCE ,ANU- NERICAL MEASURE OF THE INTENSITY, ODIRECTION CAN BE DEFINED BY: ALINE OF ACTION. REPRESENTS AN INFINITE STRAIGHT LINE ALO~ NG WHICH THE FORCE IS ACTING PONT oF ‘APPLICATION icone) ern Sa) 8inve Sehcc HME OF en Ror PULLING ON AN €vEBCLT 2. SENSE OF A Force SPECIFIES DIRECTION (POSITIVE Of NEGATIVE) IN WHICH THE FORCE MOVES ALONG THE LINE OF ACTION.GRAPHICALLY, THE SENSE CAN BE: REPRESENTED BY AN ARROWHEAD. AuovGmelong TENSION AND COMPRESSION FORCE G. TENSIGN FORCE: MAY BE DESCRIBED AS THE PULLING FORCE TRANSMITTED THROUGH A ROPE, STRING OR WIRE, 1b COMPRESSION FORCE THE ACTION Of STATE OF BEING SOUSHED DONN OF PRESSED DOWN. As a 7 Zak o,c00") I =106 a PORCE IN TENSION RIGID BODIES. IN STATICS, WE DEAL WITH A BCOY OF MATT ER WHICH UNDERGOES NO DEFORMATION: @. ORIGINAL —b. RIGID-BoDYc DEFORMA: UNLOADED = EXAMPLE: BLE Boo BOX STONE EXAMPLE! hevamdeien 7. NON COPLANAR, NON" CONCURRENT Bot co rane! ALL FORCES ART, SKEINED ALL FORCES ARE PARALLEL TO EACH OTHER, Wap UPURT BUT NOT ALL UE IN THE SAME PLANE. ARRAY OF FORCES ACTING SIMULTANEOUSLY ON A Rouse. MUTERWAL AND EXTERNAL FoRce @. NON- COPLANAR; CONCURRENT EXTERNAL FORCE Ma roeebs WIEASESTE AT A COVUON font "ME EXTERNAL EFFECT OF 1 Fonce TENDS Bor SR NGr UE N'THG Same Peas To CHANGE THe STATE OF MOTION OF A 80 oy 4 Ake THe FORCES THAT EMANATE. FROM ‘he answe he srsteM “A THESE ARE, APPLED inreRnn. Force TMEIMTERNRU EFFECT Of A FORCE S10 PROOUEE Sess AWD ERFOWATION BL TRE Boor ON wen tie voces Act TONGOP EWE REVOVE THE NAIL Ev te rxees Rams Sk tne Oscovee rmeto” Mn Tone tar Sever ie erecamey strc Sin tovrecey rorce. ONE COMPONENT OF ‘A THREE- DIVENSIO- NAL SPACE PRAME Frage Fo erowe peara Eferee oy Rovner wae 4 ae i ten Reman IP ee western R BY NAL IN- H SeRNAL ‘ONE OF THE MOST IMPORTANT CONCEPTS: IN MECHANICS 15 THE FREE-BOO/ DMGRAM. ‘A SKETCH OF THE GOLATED BODY WHICH str ONS ONLY PORCES ACTING UPON THE BODY IS DEFINED AS A FREE -ECDY DIAGRAM.THE FORCES. ACTING ON THE FREE -BoDy DIA- ORAM ARE THE ACTION FORCES, ALSO CAL- LED THE APPLIED FORCES. THE REACTION FORCES ARE THOst EXERTED BY THE f- RCE BODY UPON OTHER BOpICS. THE FRU EC BODY MAY CONSIST oF AN ENTIRE ASS” EMELED STRUCTURE OR AN ISOLATED FART OF IT. ” Pama @) DERRICK = oy : cae i at 0 Te, (b) FREE BODY DIACR (ec) FREE BODY DIA AM OF PONT GRAM CF DERR Ick TWAESCACARTAND-VECTOR™GUANTITIES SCALAR QUANTITY HAS ONLY MAGNITUDE, BUT NO_DIRECTION. EXAMPLE! LENGTH. MASS, VOLUME , PRESSU RE LE VECTOR GUANITY HAS BOTH MAGNITUDE AND DIRECTION EXAMPLE! DISPLACEMENT, VELOCITY aa PARALLELOGRAM LAW THE RESULTANT OF TWO FORCES IS THE DIAGONAL OF THE PARALLELOGRAM FORMED ON THE VECTORS OF THESE FOR cs. TWO VECTORS CAN BE ADDED TO GNE (A RESULTANT; THIS RESULTANT IN TURN) CAN BE ADDED To A THIRD VECTOR, @ FO 2G: RESULTANT DETERMINED BY PARALLELOGRAM LAW TRIANGLE LAW IF TWO FORCES ARC REPRESENTED BY THEIR FREE VECTORS PLACED TIP TO TAIL, THEIR. RESULTANT VECTOR 1S THE THIRD SIDE OF THE TRIANOLE, THE DIRECTION, OF THE RESULTANT BEING FROM THE TAIL OF THE FIRST VECTOR TO THE TIP oF TE Las VECTOR. FIG. Fa TRIANGLE LAW 4;GxUNITSSOPSMEASURENENT UNITS ARE ARBITRARY NAMES WE GIVE TO THE PHYSICAL QUANTITIES. WE WILL WORK WITH TWO UNITS IN STATES: 4. INTERNATIONAL SYSTEM (5.1) MODERN VERSION OF THE METRIC SYSTEM WHICH HAS RECEIVED WORLDWIDE RECOO- NINON. AS SHOWN IN TABLE Fl, HE SI SYSTEM DEFINES LENOTH IN METERS (a) TIME IN SECONDS, AND MASS IN KILOOR- AMS (kg). THE UNIT OF FORCE. CALLED N 1S DERWED PROM F=MA.THUS, IN = Vig, Ims*. WEIGHT OF THE BODY AT THE > STANDARD LOCATION”, Wemg , g- 4:91 mist | xm 'BS CIVIL ENGINEERING We mg (g= 4-81 mis#) ako oan 2. US. COSTUMARY (USCS)/ENGLISH SS, TeM IN US CUSTOMARY SYSTEM OF UNITS CFR) LENGTH - FEET TIME — - SEaoND ts) TORCE ~ POUNDS’ MASS > SLUG sug + I ft/s Alb = Gauge ib- ft/s?) me gs S22 3 oF “SE 4 sus 32.210 Wwe [tenom [we | wes | roRce | st mn s ig N siete ete [ecto | le TABLE U1: SYSTEM oF UNITS QUANTITY | uNET (rs) [_UNIT GID PORE, we. 418 N Mass Sug) 5A Ho UeNow ¥e 0.5010 FH TABLE V2, COMMON COWERSON FACTORS EXERCISE 12: CONVERT 209 DSEAND 2! Se To 51 UNITS soLuneN: “ibs {49N 300 b= ~ Soo ib: 9( 44880)) + bas Nes 2 eeKnS 159 kg = tug «He > 0.5048 2 ag =(* 42 HSES Sa) = £6. 8 (109) kg 26.6 Mg) CHAPTER 2. RESULTANT OF FORCE SYSTEM (CHAPTER OBJECTIVES DISCUSS HON TO CALCULATE THE COMPON” ENTS OF A FORCE 2. UNDERSTAND HOW TO ADD FORCES AND RESOWVE THEM INTO COVPONENTS USING THE PARALLELORAM LAIN AND TRIANGLE LAW. 3. O'SCUSS THE CONCEPTS AND SHOW To CALCULATE THE MOMENT OF A FORCE 4. DERINE THE MOMENT OF A COUPLE ZI COMPONENTS OF A FORCES FORCES ACTING AT SOME ANGLE FROM THE COORDINATE AXES CAN GE RESOLVED INTO. MUTUALLY PERPENDICULAR FORCES CALLED COMPONENTS, THE COMPONENT OF A FORCE PARALLEL TO THE X:AXIS IS CALLED THE X- COMPONENT, PARALLEL TO YAKIS THE Y~ COMPONENT, AND 50 CN COMPONENT oF A, FORCE IN XY PLANE Fe=Feosex tonex? Bl . srsiney we Fy2 Fsinos = easy a te Bee rye Te Belper y MO Cwee-on VEN THE SLOPE OF THE LINE OF ACTION OF The Fonce AS ~/n x Fo eRe my Pe FCh/r) Pye RIT) me DRECTON OF FW) ReSPEcT 10 OREN O Sion [Seon | BiREETON oF (OF Fx | OF FY | Fw RESPECT Cale) TO ORIGINS + | + [ve tometer + | = fon toms - | 4 | urrocerr = | = fom to Le ENGINEERING MOMENT ARM: IN MEASURING THE DISTANCE d COPTEN REFERRED TO AS THE MOMENT ARM) GcT- THE APPLIED FORCE AND THE REVERENCE POINT, IT IS MPORTANT TO NOTE THAT THE DISTANCE MUST GE THE PERPENDICULAR MEASUREMENT TO THE LINE OF ACTION oF THE Fonce: Ferpenclicviar Moment. Arm UNITS AND SION. 4 UNITS - USED TO DESCRIBE THE MAGNI TUDE OF A MOVENT ARE EXPRESSED AS POUND-INCH (F-In., Yorin ), Peunct-fo ot CAFE! Kip-inch CK-I), OF Kip Foot Ck ~ft), THE CORRESPONDING METRIC GD UNITS ARE NEWTON- METER (Nm) Of KILONNEWTON METER (KN m) # SIN CONVENTION SHOULD BE ESTABLISH Pici Concho FOR MOMENTS. SECAUSE ROTATION IS EITHER CLOCKWISE OR COUNTER CLOCKWISE, WE MAY ARBITRARILY ASSIGN A PLUS Gt) TO THE COUNTER CLOCKWISE ROTATION AND A MINUS ¢-1 TO THE CLOCKWISE ROTATION. COUNTER CLOCKWISE. WN VERIGNON'S THEOREM STATES THAT THE MOMENT OF A FORCE ABOUT A PONT CAXIS) 15 EQUAL TO THE AL” GEBRAIC SUM OF THE MOMENTS OF ITS cov PONENTS ABOUT THE SAME. PONT (ANS) HS Ma EC BEST ILLUSTRATED BY AN EXAMPLE clockwise SoMa PRINCIPLE OF TRANSMISSIBILITY Ma « (Fic Kdix) Pin trex tPSKs +. ‘TDYEES_Of PARALLEL FORCES: 2. LIKE PARALLEL FORCES ACTING IN THE SAME DIRECTION A re i 2 UNLIKE PARALLEL FORCES ACTING IN OPPOSITE OIRECTION lt cA RESULTANT OF PISTRIBUTED LOAD “THE RESULTANT OF A DISTRIBUTED LOAD 5 EQUAL TO THE AREA OF THE LOAD DIA~ GRAM, IT 1S ACTING AT THE CENTROID OF THAT AREA AS INDICATED. THE FIOU- RE BELOW SHONS THREE COMMON DISTR BUTED LOADS NANELY; RECTANGULAR LOAD TRIANGULAR LOAD. AND TRAPE20IDAL Loa. WHAT (S.A DISTRIBUTED LOAD ? *ALOAD APPLIES ACCROSS A LENGTH OR AREA INSTEAD OF AT ONE. POINT: Ararnghak POINT LOAD IS AT THE CENTER OF THE LOADING DIAGRAM THE MAGNITUDE_OF THE RESULTANT TO IS EQUVALENT To THE AREA UNDER THE CURVE OF ME CISMIBLTED LanO. 19 N/m ANALYZINO DISTRIBUTED LOADS Fal | rev eths Dey een || ree 30 KN TPES of DISTRIBUTED LOADS TONE TIPE OF TXSTRIBUTED 15 UNIFO- «THE LOCATION OF TE_ RESULTANT FORCE Ruy DISTRIBUTED LOAD BAT Me COMER OF Maes OF THE OS" UNFORAY DETHENTED LOAD TRIBUTED LOAD a eet L ares _———_ + HAS SAME INTENSITY ALONG ITS APPLICA Rexotleb TIN. Rs imt'/Z-am UINTENSITY 1S ONEN NV TERMS OF FORCE f- eam tenom™ + THE MAGNITUDE OF THE EQUIVALENT LOAD [5 EOUAL To THE AREA OF THE LOADING: DIAGRAM AND THE LOCATION OF THE 0 + TRIANGULAR. LOAD fottist R or Wo f$—b “HAS AN INTENSITY OF ZENO AT ONE EN D AND INCREASES To SOME MAXIMUM AT THE OER END THE MAGNITUDE OF AN EQUIVALENT POI T LOAD WILL AGAIN BE THE AREA UN Deir THE LOADING DIAGRAM, + FOR A TRIANGLE, THIS WOULD BE Ye THE BASE TIMES THE MAXIMUM INTENSITY THE LOCATION OF THE EQUIVALENT PONT LOAD WILL BE 2/s OF THE DISTANCE FROM THE SMALLEST VALUE IN THE LO ADING DIACRAM THE MAGNITUDE OF THE FORCE Is THE AREA OF THE TRIANGLE V2 bh = ree Jat Fe lesen Fr? |OkN +n an Bc Tncone, “FOR A TRIANGULAR OSTRIBUTED LOAD. THE LOCATION OF THE RESULTANT FORCE 15 Yo OF THE LENGTH OF THE LOAD FROM THE - THE LARGER END. Zexot ‘ab Rs omt Ys (4m) Ze tem SkN/m ESSIEN vasa + DIAGRAM WITH TRAPEZOIDAL LOADING Re RTF, 4+— 6 —— TRAPEZOIPAL LOAD 19 + WE: CAN DIVIDE THE LOADING DIAGRAM, INTO TWO PARTS, ONE RECTANGULAR LOAD ap Tie AND OTHER A TRIANGULAR LOAD Rk * NOW YOU HAVE TWO LOADS THAT YOU ALREADY HAVE THE RULES FOR. fe Ve Wor Ler fi > fe e : , wr | rT] is Wor rT] PESTON OF TRAPEEOAL oO LOAD INTO RECTANGULAR AND v TRINGULAR LOND | “NOTE THAT THE MAXIMUM INTENSITY OF RESOLUTION OF TRAPE2OIPAL THE WAKIMUM INTENSITY OF THE TRIANGU- LOAD INTO RECTANOULAR LAR LOAD 15 NOW REDUCED BY THE MAS Loao NITUDE OF THE RECTANGULAR LOAD RECTANGULAR LOAD RECTANGULAT R= WoL, oe TRIANGULAR LOAD or Ret Brel. TRAPEZOOAL abies TRAPE2OI0AL LOAD * Re GIL + Ye Galez- Wer L 4 Fveran faim WLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLE 2.4.: USECOUPLES) DETERMINE THE MAGNITUDE AND POSITION COUPLE [5 A SYSTEM OF FORCES WHOSE CF RESULTANT OF THE PARALLEL FORCE MAGNITUDE OF THE RESULTANT IS ZERO SYSTEM ACTING ON THE BAR AB AS stio- AND YET HAS A MOMENT ARM. wn GEOMETRICALLY, COUPLE |5 COMPOSED Ay acy fon OF TAO EGUAL FORCES THAT ARE PARA ULEL To EACH OTHER AND ACTING IN O- PROSITE DIRECTION. ME MAGNITUDE OF COPUE IS GNEN PY cera where P+ TWO FORCES SOLUTION l= MOMENT ARM /PERFENDICU DRS ZF LAR DISTANCE BETWEEN ASSUME USNARD FORCES Ae C+) TE Forces. Rr -20-10- 40 +19 +0, r R= -SON Re son L d Mr=ZMA GEMA = 10x24 40410 -1oxt- 3x4 lg ZMA = 200 Nor A Ri6ID BODY ACTED URN BY TWO E- Migs Rede ZMA GUAL, OPPOSITE .AND PARALLEL FORCES Oda ~ 200 RAND PZ. aAt Goin = a Fe Ma+ thx - F2.Grd? MA = +Rix ~ Fax ~ Fed WHERE! Fi=F2 ace THEY TORM A COUPLE SYSTEM’ MA = 1% -PK- FA wus Mas ta THE PINAL MOWENT M * MOMENT OF THE courte NOTE: M_IS_ INDEPENDENT OF THE LOCA TION OF THE REPEMENCE FONT A. M WILL HAVE THE SAME MAGNI- TUDE AND THE SAME ROTATIONAL SENSE RECAROLESS of THE Loc ATION OF A. dt Tdi - rad = -P Gai te) d= at de Ma> -Fol as IF CAN DE INCLUDED ‘WUS, THE MOMENT v1 OF COLE 1S CONSTANT Bor omdor. EQUNALENT COUPLES: CHANGING THE VALUES OF F AND at DOES NOT CHANCE A GINEN COUPLE AS LENG AS THE PROOUCT REMAINS THE SAME THE COUPLE IS NOT APPECTED IF THE F- ORCES' AcTS IN A DIFFERENT BUT FAT RALLEL PLANES. oD oer ar F RESOLUTION OF A FORCE INTO A FORCE AND COUPLE ACTING AT ANOTHER FONT: FORCE - COUPLE SYSTEM A SINGLE, EGUNALENT TORCE CAN PRODUCE A COMBINATION OF THE FORE, AND A COUNE WHICH LIES IN A PLANE LL TF wo al ANY FORCE F ACTING ON A RigID BODY MAY BE MOVED TO ANY GINEN PONT A OWITH A PARALLEL LINE OF ACTION) PRO” MIDED THAT A COUPLE M |S ADDED. THE MOMENT M OF THE COUPLE |S EGUAL TO FOTMES THE PERPENDICULAR DISTANCE BETWEEN THE ORIGINAL LINE OF ACTION AND THE NEW LOCATION A ISTRAN 2 DETERMINE THE RESULTANT MOMENT ABOUT POINT A OF THE SYSTEM OF FORCES Stow NIN FG. Encti SOUANE IS im ON A SI- e, tS, ‘SOLUTION: TAKE A MOMENT OF ALL FORCES ABOUT POINT. ASSUMING CLOCKWISE MO MENTS AS. FOSInVE, Me = Z MA, Gama + 20x24, G) - 20 (Fp HBO) ee 3 TENS Gama = roxte(2)- 20x45 + so? CSCS Ox2- OKIE MA = 210.356 KN m GW cms AGS RESULTANT OF NON“ \CONCURRENT, FORCE SYSTEMe THE RESULTANT OF NoN> CONCURRENT FO- ROE SYSTEM IS DEFINED ACCORDING TO MAGNITUDE, INCLINATION, AND POSITION. THE MAGNITUDE OF THE RESULTANT ! Rx= LEK Ry? ZY RR RE THE INCUNATION FROM THE HORIBCNTAL Is DEFINED BY tonox - Re THE POSITION OF THE FESULTANT CAN RE DETERMINED ACCORPING TD THE PRINCI” PLE OF NOMENTS: Mr = ZMo Rd> Me Ryik= Mi Ry = WHERE: Fe = x comPonENT Fy ° Y comPoNENT AiO Grn Fk + COMPONENT OF THE RESULTANT NX DIRE CON Ry = COMPONENT OF THE RESULTANT I Y= DIRECTION R= MAGNITUDE. OF THE RESULTANT Gq + ANOLE MADE BY A FORCE FROM THE AMS -x Mo = MOMENT OF FORCES ABOUT ANY FONT O d= MOMENT ARM MR = MOMENT AT A PONT DUE TO RE- SULTANT PoRcE xe INTERCEPT OF It RESULTANT R Wy = FeINTERCERT OF TE RESULTANT IWLUSTRATVE EXAMPLE 2 @ THE RECTANGULAR FRAMEWORK SHOWN WN FIOURE 1S SUBJECTED TD THE NDCATED NON CONCURRENT SYSTEM OF FORCES DE- TERMINE THE MAGNITUDE AND DIRECTION OF THE RESULTANT; ALSO TS MOMENT ARM RELATE TO THE ORIGIN) zm NOK 'odlor_ ae 2 ‘SOLUTION: DRAW A NEW DIAGRAM AND TD REPLACE, EACH OF THE ORIOINA. FORCES BY IS. X ANDY COMPONENTS: FouRe Gecomes: TORN 70.1 KN noe 2063 . co Ks #2 “ ekg som Bec IN FOR X £7 COMPONENT (RX) (Ry) ty rx = ZK Fx = 5-70.11 Go-50 Re 45-4 kN “Ts san Ry = 10.1 O%.0- 30 Ry" 785.4 KN TOR RESULTANT? wy 2 RK RE R > [G340+ Gaye = S632 KN yon ex so Rx OX 34.67 Ga FROM THE TORIZONTAL AXIS Me = ZM0 GEMO = “11.943 MOAKS MO-1K4- GOx 786.4 x4 Mo = - 854 kN m cow LocnIE ME RESULTANT: Mo = fd Bst+ Se. Sd ds lem X> NTencerT Ye INTERCEPT Ryin> vio Rely =M 35.4) = O34 4342084 2.5£m To RET oro. Wy? La2m BELOW 0 $— x — HAPTER 5. EQUILIBRIUM OF FORCES: CHAPTER OpTectiVe : ALINTRODUCE THE CONCEPT OF THE FREE “BODY DIAGRAM FO A PARTICLE Z.DISCUSS HOW To SOLVE PARTICLE E~ QUIIBRIUM PROBLEMS USING THE EGU: ATIONS EQUILIBRIUM BUSDEFINITION: AND =MEANING- OF -TQUILIs BRIUM, EQUILIBRIUM REFERS, ESSENTIALLY. TO A STATE CF REST OF BALANCE WHEN A BOO? IS IN EGULIBRIUM THE RE- SULTANT OF ALL FORCES ACTING ON IT ZEROS THUS . THE RESULTANT FORCE AGING ON IT ZEROS THUS , THE RESULTA- NT FORCE RAND THE RESULTANT coU- FLE MARE COM ZERO. AND WE NAVE THE ESULIBRIUM EQUATIONS. Re ZF +O + FORCE LAN OF EqUILI- BRIM M=ZM=0 ~ MOMENT LAW OF EauI- USI, ALOEBRAIC SUM EXAMPLE OF EauILieRiUm ware Lis Le EGUILIBRIUM (S2GFREE/=BODYIDAGRAMS. FREE BODY DIAGRAM (FRD) ISA SMPLIPIED REPRESENTATION CF _A PARTICLE OF MCiD COPY THAT IS ISOLATED FROM ITS SURROUNDINOS ANPON WHICH ALL APPLIED FORCES AND REACTIONS ARE SHOWN. FORCES THAT ARE NORMALLY CoNSiDE ~ Rep TO BE ACTING ON A RloID BODY ARE AS. FOFLONS | * EXTERNALLY APPLIED FORCES + WEIGHT OF THE flop BODY # REACTION FORCES 4 EXTERNALLY APPLIED MOMENTS: THE FREE- GODY DIASRAM (5 THE MOST IMPORTANT SINGLE STEP IN THE SOLUTION OF PRODLEM IN_ME GHANICS. MODELING THE ACTION OF FORCES IN TWO DIMENSIONAL ANALYSIS: TYPE OF CONTACT AND FORCE ORION ACTION CN BODY TO BE ISOLATED DESCRIPTION DEALEED SEO. DESCRIPHON TDEALBED SyweOL FLEXIBLE CABLE, BELT. CHAN OR ROPE p— |rosce exerteD ny LA rteneve caeve 15 ALNAYS A TENSION] J— ]Awar ron THE eo} oy WN THE DIRECTO OF THE CABLE. = CONTACT FORCE smoortt 'S COMPRESSINE, SURTACES AND 15 NORMAL To THE SURFACE, THE SURFACE 1S) CAPARLE. CF SUFPO} RTING A TANGENTUAL| ROUoH PRE a COMPONENT FOPRIE- TIONAL FORCE) AS WELL AS A NORMAL] COMFONENT N OF THE RESULTANT CONTACT FORCE rE a, A BULT-IN Of FED] BUILT-IN OR FIXED SUPPORT SUPPORT IS CAPABLE. amen [renner ERS aera eae wn | tear rence eine Coenen Evercore a SLE REE ou amon a rT TRANSMITS A COMP-| ; Seeeetos TaLue we aoe ae PREELY COLLAR OR SUDER SLIDING FORCE. PREE TO Cee NOVE ALONG SMO OTH GUIDES , CAN SUPPORT FORCE, NORMAL To CUDE ONLY. Hey tncorie SPRING ACTION “SPRING FORCE 15 TEN] SLE IF SPRING IS S- TRETCHED AND contre} SNE IF COMPRESSED] GRAVITATIONAL, ATTRACTION THE RESULTANT OF oRAVIFATIONAL AT= TIRAGTIN CN ALL Et! VENTS OF A BODY oF| MASS M IS THE Wer Git, Wm AND ACH TOWARD THE CENTER OF THE EARTH THR: OuGH THE CENTER Mass 6. PIN CONNECTION A HNOED coNnes| TON 1S CAPARLE 5 OF SUPPORTING A FORCE IN ANY DI~ RECTION IN THE FLAY NE NORMAL To THE| Axis, USUALLY SAO MN AS WO CoM PONENTS EX ANP| RY, Ry EROCEDURE _FOR_ANALYSIS: THE FF STEPS SHOULD BE BERFORMED N_CNSTRUCTNG A PBD FOR A KioiD BID OR ANY CROUP OF BODIES CONISIDE: SED AS A SINOLE SYSTEM, 2. FIRST, DRAN! ITS OUTLINED SHAPE BY ISOLATING THE BODY OR CUT “FE EE" FROM |TS CONSTKAINTS AND. CONNECTION: 2. SHOW ALL FORCES AND COUPLE WO MENTS BY IDENTIFYING ALL THE KNONN AND UNKNOWN FORCES THAT ACTS ON THE BODY THOSE GENERAL: LLY ENCOUNTERED ARE GUE TO Ci) APPLIED FORCES , (2) REACTIONS occ FRING AT THE SUPPORTS OR AT POIN- TS OF CONTACT WITH OMER BODIES AND (5) THE WEIGHT OF THE BoDy. 3 FINALLY, IDENTIFY EACH LOADING AND GWE DIMENSIONS OF THE BODY Ne- CESSARY FOR CALCULATING THE MO- MENTS OF FORCES. LABEL EACH Fo RCE By (TS MAGNITUDE IF KNOWN, Ok BY A SYMBOL \F UNKNOWN. ES" TABLISH x ANDY COORDINATE SYSTEM TO BE USED » EEL. GROCK fe, stect cheLe ARs > A BEAM EEING HOSTED 6Y CRANE CABLE ue ESTES = S e 8 Il v! Care | i BLT BD OF CONCURRENT FoRT c 2) BUILDING WALL = UF CABLE 5 SMFLE BEAM WITH TWO CONCENTRA: TED LOADS. Tem | = MACHINE WEIGRT > UNIFORM WEIGHT Ma + ry K Ay pean pean Gren cans B TREE Eooy DIORA, NOE 5 WIND LOAD ON _A PITCHED oor suFToR TED BY AROLER SUPPORT AND HINGE. A) PICTORIAL CAORAM 7 & sates ny ey ©) [REC- BODY DIAGRAM OF THE BEAM 4. CANTILEVER BEAM WT CONCENTRATED LOAD TL g —— BEARING WALL actin: hoor SLAB Beam TSR TSR ehew ara A. PICTORIAL DIAGRAM ULUSTRATVE ExAMeL IN FI, A ZOO N CYLINDER 1S SUPPORTED BY_A HORIZONTAL ROD AS AND RESTS AGANST THE UNIFORM BAR cD WHICH WE ISHS 100 Ib DRAW THE FSD Ca) ROD AB @® GILINGER, (c) BAR CD.) ASSEMBLED CILUNDER AND BOWL. ©) FED OF BAR CD ©) FBD OF THE ASSEMPLED CYLINDER AND BAR = UDMED ON THE GWEN FISURE WITH OREEN INK C+) Rrxoses 52. PROBLEM 5.2. DRAN THE B.D OF TE Srrest oF WEIGHT W RESTING BETWEEN THE swoon INCLINED PLANES: EXPLAIN THE SIGNIFI CANCE CF EACH TORCE ON THE IAGRAM NEN: w> 20 Kt Horardeme PROBLEM 3.22. DRAW THE PREE"BCDY DIAGRAM OF THE HAND PUNCH WHICH 1S FINED AT A AND. BEARS DOWN ON SMOOTH SURFACES AT 8. GNEN: F=ekN be O20 as ism es 2m Sit zr +0 FAK +0 - AK aT ARS AP Axe r > EROBLEM 5.2.5 DRAW THE PREE-BOD/ DIAGRAM OF THE BEAM SUPPORTED AT A BY A FIKED SUFrO- RU ATA 8Y A ROLLER, GEN’ £ weno we 40 KN Auer Gren SUTAULIBMUMOR Ponce SYSTEM” THE BODY (S SAID TO BE IN EQUIUBRUM IF THE MESULTANT OF ALL FORCES ACTING CN TT 1s Zeno. FORMULAS: CONCURRENT FORCE SYSTEM Ze 0 1 ZrYrO PARALLEL TORCE SYSTEM 2F*0. ZF*0 NON + CONCURIENT NON- PARALLEL FORCE SySTEM ZFR*O ,ZY*O , ZVO=O ESET SA BEQULIDUM OF: CONCURRENT:PORCE, SYSTEM CONDITIONS FoR EQUILIBRIUM OF PARALLEL, FORCES: THE SUM OF ALL FORCES oro 1S ZERO TRE SUM OF MOMENT AT ANY FOINT 1S ZERO ‘ZMO7O THENE ARE THEE FAUILIORIUM CONDI~ TIONS THAT CAN BE USED Far NON conor FRRENT: NON- PARALLEL FORCE SYSTEM THE SUM_OF ALL FORCES IN THE Or RECTION OR HORIZONTAL 1S ZERO. ZEKE ZA HENO THE SUM CF ALL FORCES IN THE Y-21- RECTION ERITO/ZEVEO! THE SUM OF MOMENT AT ANY POINT IS ZERO) =MO= 08 thorGndose ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLE 8.5.1 A SYSTEM OF CHORDS KNOTED TOoeTIER: AT A AND © SUFPORT THE WEIGHTS SHONN. COMPUTE THE TENSION 7, @.F AND T AG TING IN THE VARIOUS CORDS CSTs METHOD | - USING HOMZONTAL AND VERTICAL ‘AXES. DRAW THE PED AT GOKT a: WE APPLY CONDITIONS OF EGULIBRIUM TO OSTAIN SrEma0 | PERO Pease Gcorst =O PSinE + GsinS0"-500 #0 4 Avedon — SSLVING EQS. (a) AND (b) SIMULTANEOS Gy YELDS, WHEN) THTEE FORCES ARE IN EQUU- PrGRSIN: @=G85.01 N BRUM, THE EASIEST SOLUTION IS GENE- RALLY OBTAINED BY APPLYING THE SINE, METICD lI- USING ROTATED AXES. LAN TO THE TRIANGLE REPRESENTING DRAW THE BD USING ROTATED AES THE FOLYEON Cr FORCES. 00m wd Po, , PE GL.SIN eo ne Sings" ooo “Ane ° G GoS.01'N VEINS ROTATES AMES POR FORCES FAD Ts APPLYING THE METHOD oF ROTATED AXES: : TO THE TED cr A Ba . ary . . PsindS*— S00 sinco’ = 0 . Ps"ce SIN Tse Sur 70 zr <0 Gi2. 5100845" + 500 ca8G0"~ @ =O Feln4s'= Gig. sisin4s*~ 60 sineo’ =O Gs ces oN r= tacos FZrr-0 T+ IS0c02 GoP- Gt. HODH4s* “14.0% CoCHS=0 Te 920.42 N ‘A BEAM IS SIMPLY SUPPORTED AT THE END CARTIES A CONCENTRATED LOAD OF Z00N, XD A UDL OF jcd Nym 2208 3008 IELILIZILI , =e SOLON; UNIFORMLY DISTRIEVTED LOAD AS E~ GUALENT TO: fu + 100 (co) = GOON 200N soon 4 5 on 8 re, ez « Re =O © Evie = RiCc) “200 C2)- 800 (6)- coo Do Ri GOON Maei- ZVIRI= © GEM = -R2 Co) = S00) +am¢s)~ 0 Re 450 N ZFV+O 3 Rite ~300-00 =o C534450-G00-200 ~£00" “521950 -GO0 00" ° Auottnden ~ EXERCISES 3.5 PROBLEM 5.5.1. A CAUNOER WEISHING 500 N |S HELD AW GAINST A SMOOTH INCLINE BY MEANS OF THE WEICHTLESS ROD AB IN ThE POuRE. CETERMINE THE FORCES D AND N EXER. TED CN THE CINDER BY Tt ROD AND THE INCLINE [2 5008 OWEN: W=.S0ON REQ'D! Ps FORCE EXERTED ON THE CYLIN DER BY THE ROP N= FORCE EXERTED ON THE CILiN: DER BY THE INCLINE METHOD | 5 2mK50 Poos2s"= Nano *tZrys0 Pain2st Neas65 = 600 -@ 36 Aevindes SUBS £40 TO EBS PROOEM S55 NEN ) sn . JHE FINK TRUSS SHOWN B SUPPORTED BY (SEER) 0 # seowee + eo Airclr at A HNGE. AT B The OneN foe eran LOADS ARE. NORMAL TO THE INCLINED ee MEMBER, DETERMINE THE TEAGTONS AT USNS ta. 1 ZAUAND. HINT) THE LOADS BY THEIR FE pe Nein, SULTANT. en a5 p= 5.26 (sings) ae Ps 9 weraon 2 — sey {Lom "5 Get: ASsHOWN REG'D! RBYE REL Ra, KE a oh cos 50° cos go de wan eS ts 820m 520 = 925 xe (ele 500 (sings) oe pe So Gein SOLUTION: TOR RESULTANT fs 4134N, k= 200008) + 500 C2) Foc Gepcbc— + T000N Ry © ReOs HY (PROBLEM 3.3.4 Fx RsincQ ( THE CYUNDER GETWEEN HAVE THE INDI 00 sin50 fae CATED WEIGHTS AND DIMENSIONS ASSU~ RX = 3500N So MING SMOOTH CONTACT SURFACES, PETER MINE THE REACTIONS AT A, B.C AND D Gzve- 0 ON THE CYLINDERS. RACIO) -RYC iz) © O RAL oa eCe BA = 4041. 49n “=H -0 RA TRDY “RY 0 APIS + ROY ~ 6062.18 =O Rey = 2080.5 N 7 xr 0 RX = REx Rex: Seco N We = 400 kN. FEG'D® BA, REI Ko & RO wes [CROCE F BRO 200 #8 oftnder = 404 Wi £00 2 fet 0 gonexs Bet 2020.2. ee Sa o Resin - 200-0 Brxs 50" -Be3400 ua. TRS! FBS 4041. 45N © 0" Wl hofzontal torr = 0 RA + 4041.45 RO: S4GAIKN Fe-col0" ~EP= 0 A00co1 3s “RDO (PCONSIDER THE TB.0 OF co kN [6.0 OF THE UrFER BEAM | 4 42410 ioe = ‘on ~ ° cae kD a @xve-0 “Rd (9) 40Co) +42) ~ 6064) 0 tp zry<0 +5 zm=0 Rd = 104.4 KN RB-ADSIN5O-4D“0 RA~FoEDDD =O B52 200 KN Ka= Gaius — § TAY =O Re RD - 0-42" Woo PROBLEM 3.2.4 Fo" 181.6 KN THE UPPER CCAM IN THE FIGURE 1S SU- Pronrem ATO At A ROLER AT when PEPE MEER PEM eran SCPARATES THE UTFER AND LOWER BEAM DETERMINE THE VALUE oF THE REACTION Ry AT A, 6/C. AND D. NEGLECT THE WEIGHT s | TS OF THE BEAMS. a m SP tT dzua +0 “RECO + 181-6 (44) +1566) 4 409 (4) = 0 Res 451.64 kN FROSLIM 5.5.9 THE TRUSS SHONN IN FIG. IS SUPPORTED ON ROLLER AT B AND A HINGE AT A,co- LE FOR THE COMPONENTS OF THE REAC TNs cpr 2 sol ea, le —— ae \4co 1 REGO! BAK, Ray & KEY SOLUWON Suazo ~Re/C24) + 400 ()~ 24040)+ ooCe) =o Roy = “10 I G) 2-0 Rai + €By ~ GoD-400 = © RAY +140 - ce0- 400 *0 Ray = 260 TT zme0 RAx= 240 -O ax=£40 Ib = Aa Girdos. PROBLEM 25.41 COMPUTE THE TOTAL REACTONS AT A AND BON THE TRUSS AS SHOWN IN THE FI- URE, Te Zed SOK yoo 9 cot t6.57= ofA 5 ECT ae cal =uB +0 Fty(aa ) IOC) “toCie 304) -20(8) 224660 RAY = S510 KNIT ot) py 0 Rs] RBy “10> $0-20-28-4 ons 26.51 ~O ROY = 46-21 UN Wo = he Yts wan [GORFs Gere TTA Mag Ra: 45.10 wl OAK = 29- Way og Pax + 40.56" TOS) RASS UP TO WE RIOHT @K = 42.50" FROM NORIBONTAL £ RB = 46. 21 us URWARD EROBLEM 3.5.10 THE UNTORM ROD IN THE PGURE Wells lb AND MS TTS CENTER OF GRAVITY AT ©. DETERMINE THE TENSION IN: THE CABLE AND THE REACTIONS AT THE SMCO- TH SURFACES AT A AND ses a@ NO -B.4G Net LNG) 2400 +O Nex 352.18 GzMa =o USING £6. “Nate 1Arccom)4TE).0 —-T> SBaw =o ieee Lan =6.31 Ts 4.64 WN SWE LAW aS en Trso .ga_ 88. as Smdis.CTts0) ‘inlO “einas ~ sineo® SAIS sings CT+5) As 45.04 unl ee ae Fe= Sinso(agarss) ke + Sno Cits9) © dn 10> a 05 Re 8L KN Rzus-0 Races) -s0B5-TUs)"0 - © NPARA, MARK CHRISTIAN V. RESEARCH WORK 1 A.WHAT ARE THE TYPE'S OF SUPPORT 7 @.FLMeED_SUPPORT or miGiD SUPFORT = THESE SUPPORTS RESIST GOTH RO- TATION AND TRANSLATION (MOVEMENT IN HORIZONTAL OR VERTICAL DIREC” TION) * TO PROVIDE GOOD STABILITY TO THE STRUCTURE, AT LEAST CNE RIGID SU: PPORT SHOULD Be PROVIDED. 4% 0 BEAM FIXED IN & WALL, COLUMN INA CONCRETE % REACTION ON FIXED SUPPORT 1S 5, b. ROLLER SUPPORT ‘e THS. SUPPORT IS TREE TO ROTATE AND CAN MOVE ALONG THE SURFACE UPON Wich ROLLER TEST. THe SURrACE WAY BE HORIZONTAL , VERTICAL, SLOFED AT AN ANGLE ONLY RESIST PERPENDICULAR MOVE- MENT # EO COMMONLY APPLIED AT ONE END OF LENS BRIDee # ROACTION GN ROLLER SUPPORT IS 4, fe , PERPENDICULAR TO ROLL FEB. PRT REACTION FORCE te (Ry. Rs Ma) rep i KOuet Sirrorr Rex c= { DRAWING /meyRe Roy RESISTS Rex a Roy & wc DRAWING _/risURE ‘TTS SUPPORT RESISTS. VERTICAL AND HORIEONTAL MOVEMENT. Ge-TR: ANSLATION) BUT ALLOW MOMENT ¢ MEANS IT IS FREE TO ROTATE ) £0. DOOR LEAF AT HOME, ARCH RI ees F REACTION ON ROLLER SUPPORT 1S 2 vie MORIZONTAL AND VERTICAL (Rit Re) FED DRAWING a | SIMPLE SUPPORT THE SUPPORT ONLY RESISTS VERTCAL MOVEMENT WHEREAS FREE TO MOVE HOMZONTAL AS WELL AS TO ROTATE % EG. ONE HORIZONTAL BRICK REST ON TO TWO VERTICAL BRICK # REACTION ON SIMPLE SUPPORT 1S 1+ ie, VERTICAL CRY) rBD a SIMPLE Worts DRAWING / ovr: sy REACTION FORCE SRN: MARK CHRISTIAN V- froronten — SUMMARY [recs Feemescurep [REACTION RESISTING sy rorce | toro vernal ERTL | LonoS PaNeD homeon | vermcat| Jafrorr PAL EVER] < Honey neat | wos exe Homizonral ALL THES! lecrrenr VERTICAL 2] oF Loos} MOMENTS | Homes VERTICAL 2 Move sire Se | vere | vertica,| ele LorDS 2. HOW DOES THE SUPPORTS LOOK IN REAL Lire ? @ FLXED SUPPORT “EIN STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS, THERE ARE THITEE UNKNOWNS TO FIND FoR FIXED SUPPORT WHICH CAN SA: TSFY ALL THE TREC EQUATONS OF EQULIERIUM, TO PROVIDE 00D STABILITY 0 THE STRUCTURE. AT LEAST GN RIGID SUPPORT SHOULD BE PROVIDED. BEAM FRED N WALL IS A 6000 EXAMPLE, BEAM PIXED IN WALL CENDAR, MARK CHRISTIAN V. frarindn — b. Bower surposT ‘OTIS TPE OF SUPPORT Is PROVED AT ONE END OF BRIDGE SPANS. 5 THE REASON TOR PROMIDNG ROLLER SUPPORT AT ONE END 15 TO ALLOW CONTRACTION OF EXPANSION OF BRI SE DECK WAH RESPECT To TEMPE: RATURE DIFERENCES IN ATMOS~ HERE # HORIECNTAL FORCE SHOULD BE RE - SSTED BY AT LEAST ONE SUPPORT TO PROVIDE STABILITY SO, ROLLER SHOULD BE PROVIDED AT ONE END ONLY Not AT BOTH ENDS: DRAWING / FIGURE: ROLLER SUPPORT ON THE ONE eRInSe C-HINGED Of PIN SUPPORT ‘€ THIS SUPPORT CAN RESISTS BOTH AND VERTICAL AND HORIZONTAL FORCES BUT NOT MONENT BECAUSE IT 1S RESTRAC NED AGAINST TRANSLATION. 4 ITS ROTATION 1S ALLOWED IN ONLY ONE DIRECTION AND RESISTED NO THER DIRECTION. 4 ALSO USED IN THREE HINGED ARCHED FRIDGES WITH TWO SUPPORTS AT ENDS AND THD IS AT CENTER OF THE Ae CALLED INTERNAL HINGE: DeAWING/ MeURE! HINGED SUPPORT oF SYDNEY HAREOR BRIDGE ia DARA MARK CHRISTIAN V. Sona @: SIMPLE_SUPPORT # SUPPORT ON WHlcd STRUCTURAL MEM: BER RESTS. THEY ONLY RESIST VERTE CAL MOVEMENT OF SUPPORT WITH THE HELP OF @RAVITY: #THS TPE of SUPPORT IS NOT co- MMQNLY USED IN STRUCTURAL FUKPO- ‘SES. HOWEVER, IN THE ZONES OF FRE QUENT SEISMIC , THEY CAN GE SEEN Deane /MeuRe + SIMPLE SUPPORTS IN STRUCTURE: REreRENcrs: * MISHRA, PCr). TYRES OF SUPPORTS IN STRUCTURES. RETRIEVED ("ROM hetps// aye. Mectoricalbaaster com L0G pet oF Support. me + ANUPOSU , S. (201g) TYPES OF SUPPORTS ZND REACTIONS AND THEIR APPLICATIONS IN STRUCWKES. RETRIEVER PROM hitpyl theconstnector org /

    You might also like