1 2 ———___ PRECAUTIONS PREC COMPREHENSIVE LABORATORY MANUAL IN BIOLOGY Shake the water well before putting the drops of water on the slide from it Pa ss the slide through the flame only to get it dry. ee =e VIVA VOCE Ss eee What is pollution ? fesirable change in the physical, chemical or biological characteristics of aur water and land that harmfully affect the human life is called pollution. What are pollutants ? The agents pollute our air, water and land are called pollutants. Define water pollution - Ikis the addition of any undesirable substance to water which ma organisms. 7 7 What is biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) ? ‘The amount of oxygen required by microorganisms for decomposition of organic matte present in water is alled biochemical oxygen demand. What does high BOD indicate High BOD indicates the presence of high it harmful for the mount of organic matter in the water ji (i (iRingworm. A. Ringworm of skin. B. Ringworm of scalp. Fungus causing ringworm (Microsporum andouini) 3 VIVA VOCE \ 4 Qu1. What is the source of infection of amoebiasis ? Ans. Amoebiasis is a water borne disease i.e., it spreads through contaminated water Q. 2. What is the most important diagnostic feature of Entamoeba histolytica ? Ans. It has a)single pseudopodium. Q. 3. What is digenetic life cycle ? e Ans. The life cycle of a parasite which completes in two hosts e.g., Plasmodium. Q.4. Name the oldest drug used for the treatment of malaria. Ans. Quinine. Name the other anti-malarial drugs. Paludrine, primaquin, chloroquinine, camoquin and camoprima. How can disease ascariasis be treated 2 - Ascariasis can best be treated by administerin, chenopodium, Alcopar, B g anti-helminthic drugs such as oil ‘endex, Dewormis, Mebex, Wormin, Zentel ete.ae a a Ae aed = ijoad on sand ~ ee 5] oo Spread the 6. Its slender Snout bears a cl Renee ‘ars le! Seperate closed for protectins Peer UD) lOaG BVe lashes ana muscle upetele Which from wind blown sand. oT lants which i 3 G Ans. a Pp have adaptations to xeric (dry) habitats are called xerophytes. a2. What are xeric habitats 2 ins, The habitats, where soil does not contain much water and the environmental conditions are arid. Q3 What are ephemerals 2? ins, Ephemerals are drought escaping plants which grow during the short rainy season and complete their life cycle before the habitat becomes dry. Q4. What are succulent xerophytes ? Ans. These are drought resisting Xerophytes, which resist drought by storing large amount of water during rainy season. 4.3. What are drought enduring Xerophytes ? ; ‘ns. These are non succulent xerophyte which endure drought due to their morphological, anatomical and physiological adaptations. 8. What are xerocoles ? f “S. The animals which live in dry or xeric h abitats are called xerocoles.ike t rect ives - Pelvic fin anal fin Fig. 19.8, A freshwater fish, . Abundance of water, defic . What are hydrophytes 2 . The plants that grows in abundance of w ater are called hydrophytes. 3 faced by the hydrophytes ? iency of light and oxygen and tearing and decaying effect of What are the main stre. water. . What is the function of aerenchyma in hydrophytes ? . Aerenchyma stores air, which is utilized by the plant tissues in metabolism. What is the function of swim bladder in a fresh water fish 2 . The swim bladder stores air. Which help the fish to stay in water at a required depth without expending energy.<0 eful sol ‘ ol Pum CORE EXPERIMENTS % ‘S.No. Soil samples ese Toul L 3 | 3 PRECAUTIONS 1, Wash the glassware thoroughly and get it oven dried before the experiment. 2, Use standard reage: VIVA VOCE Q.1. What is a soil ? Ans. Soil is the upper weathered and humus containing layer of the earth which sustain plant life and contains numerous living organisms. Qa is meant by soil texture ? At is. Soil texture refers to the relative proportions of different types of soil particles present in the soil. Q. 3. What is humus ? Ans. It is a dark coloured amorphous substance composed of organic matter in various stage of litter-decomposition. Q. 4. What is litter ? Ans, Fallen leaves and twigs of trees and other vegetable materials form the litter. Q.5. What are major types of soil particles ? Ans. Sand, silt and clay are the major types of soil particles. Q. 6. What term is used for the scientific study of soil ¢ Ans. Pedology. Q.7. Which kind of soil is best suited for plant growth ° Ans. Loamy soil. Q. 8. What is clay soil ? ; Ans. The soil which has high percentage of clay particle Q.9. What is meant by soil reaction ? Ans. Soil reaction denotes the pH of the soil. Q. 10. What determines the pH of a soil ? Ans, The pH of a soil depends upon the relative amount of absorbed H” cations, Ca**, Mg** etc.). Q. 11. What pH range favours best plant growth ? Most plants thrive best in neutral JH. Slight acidity fav forests, Slight allcalinity is favourable Tor grasses and legum ions or metallic h and formsCORE EXPERIMENTS, " rere eeteeeeetrestecnnn a ——_—e <<< —wm VIVA VOCE —— OO Qu Ans. . What is gravitational flow ? + What determines the water holding capacity of a soil ? The type of soil particles present in the soil and soi What is field capacity /water holding cap Itis the maximum amount of water retained Sravitational flow has stopped called gravitational The water that percolate through a soil due to gravitational force flow. es the water hold. ing capacity Of a soil, Name the soil which has very low water holding capacity. Sandy soil. » Which type of soil has maximum water holding capacity ? - Clay soil. pasa)