word or phrase part of spe

acted illegally phrase

business environment noun

heavily regulated phrase

impressive and symbolic order noun

increasingly globalised phrase

invested heavily phrase

largely monopolised phrase

legal and technical monopoly noun

monopoly noun

natural monopoly noun

oligopoly noun

perfect competition noun

political and economic agenda noun

sustainable and profitable growth noun

conversely adverb

genetically modified adjective

massive adjective

organic adjective
purchase verb

reconsidering present partici

shape verb
shortages noun plural

consumer electronics noun

food and drink noun

health and beauty noun

home care noun

home electrical noun

supermarket retail noun

Socio-cultural adjective

Technological adjective

Economic adjective

Environmental adjective

Political adjective

annual base salary noun

comparison companies noun plural

compensation programme noun

customer retention rates noun plural

difficult to incentivise phrase

equity-based awards noun plural

financial incentive noun

incentive bonus noun

incentivise investment in phrase

income noun
increased shareholder value noun
new product revenue noun
operating cash flow noun

operating profit noun

pay verb

pay noun

pay cut noun

payment noun
performance-related pay noun

remuneration noun

reward verb

reward noun

salary noun

short-term cash incentives noun plural

stretch goals / stretch targets noun plural

wage noun

convergence noun
creativity noun

divergence noun
imagination noun

implementation noun

innovation noun

interaction noun

invention noun
atmosphere at work noun

budgets noun plural

departments noun plural

dress code noun

expense accounts noun plural

norms noun plural

organisational structures noun plural

personality noun

procedures noun plural

reward systems noun plural

role culture noun

rules noun plural

task culture noun

values noun plural

competence noun

dignity noun

face noun
identity noun

rapport noun

social inclusion noun

sociality rights noun plural

at the coalface phrase

crave the limelight phrase

gut-wrenching adjective

peter out phrasal verb

run into trouble phrase

tackle the thorny issues phrase

take root idiom

windows of opportunity noun plural

brief overview noun

cut costs phrase

encourage teamwork phrase

engaging the stakeholders phrase

gather information phrase

increase confidence phrase

initial adjective

pilot (the solution) verb

put (a plan) into practice phrase

requirements noun plural

screen out unwanted projects phrase

slash delivery times phrase

undertake (a feasibility study) verb

4Cs noun plural

4Ps noun plural

bricks and clicks operator noun

bricks retailer noun

communication with the customer phrase

convenience to the customer phrase

cost to the customer phrase

customer relationship marketing noun

customer wants and needs noun plural

customer’s perspective noun

database marketing noun

dot.com adjective

dot.com noun
e-retail shop noun

e-tailer noun

marketing mix noun

multi-channel retailer noun

physical store noun

producer’s perspective noun

pure play noun

retail outlet noun

search engine optimisation noun

social media marketing noun

target consumers noun plural

virtual store noun

web optimisation noun

asset noun
attributed to phrasal verb

beyond preposition

boost verb

brand awareness noun

brand equity noun

brand extension noun

brand image noun

brand positioning noun

brand repositioning noun

extensions noun plural

gross revenues noun plural

licensed brand noun

luxury brand noun

manufacturer’s brand noun

own brand noun

perceptions noun plural

transmit verb
affordable adjective

iconic adjective

inspirational adjective

physical adjective
relaxed adjective
to be inspired by phrase

uncomplicated adjective
unmistakable features noun plural

versatile adjective
vibrant adjective
catering noun
central costs noun plural

depreciation noun

direct costs noun plural

fixed costs noun plural

indirect costs noun plural

insurance noun

interest noun

maintenance noun

navigation noun

overheads noun

variable costs noun plural

capitalise on phrasal verb

collateral noun

entities noun plural

envision verb

guarantor noun

household-based entrepreneurs noun plural

incentive noun

incentivise verb

payee noun

payment noun

penalty noun

population density noun

repayment noun

requirement noun
sustainably adverb

destitute adjective

to guarantee verb
to pay verb
to pay back verb
to penalise verb
to repay verb

amount of interest noun

bluff verb

box-ticking exercise noun

compelled adjective

conscious of adjective

deception noun

focus on the impact phrase

generated past participle

impact on noun

incorporated within the strategy phrase

integrated into the company phrase

look at phrasal verb

mindful of adjective

primary purpose noun

procurement policies noun plural

stakeholders noun plural

transparent in adjective
vast adjective

well-being noun

work–life balance noun

conduct verb

consult verb

develop verb
deviate verb
ensure verb

evaluate verb

implement verb

monitor verb
specify verb
definition

did something in a way not allowed by law

the conditions that organisations operate in and the way that they
influence how the organisations operate
controlled by rules or laws to a great degree
a special and important request from a customer for goods or
services
operating internationally more and more
put a lot of money, effort, time, etc. into something in order to
improve it or get an advantage

mainly controlled or dominated

a situation in which a government gives the right to provide

particular goods or services to one company, and in which the
company is the only one with the knowledge, machines or
methods to provide the goods or services

a situation in which one company or person or a government has

no competition in the sale of a particular product or service and is
able to control its supply and price
a situation in which one company is able to supply the whole
market for a product or service more cheaply than two or more
companies could
a situation in which only a small number of companies are
involved in producing a particular type of goods or in providing a
particular type of service. The group of companies itself is also
referred to as an oligopoly.

a situation where the sellers of a product or service are free to

compete fairly, and sellers and buyers have complete information

the political and economic things that a person or organisation

considers to be important and wants to solve or achieve, or their
reasons for wanting to do those things

an increase in the ability of an economy or business to produce

goods and services which results in a profit or an advantage and is
able to continue at the same level for a period of time

in an opposite way
describes a plant or animal that has had some of its genes changed
scientifically

very large in size or amount

relating to growing food or other products without using artificial
chemicals
to buy something

thinking about changing a decision or a plan

to decide or influence the form of something, especially a belief or
idea, or someone's character
situations in which there is less of something than people want or
need

used to describe the industry or a company focussed on electronic

products that are bought by people for their own use

used to describe the industry or a company focussed on food and

drink
used to describe the industry or a company focussed on health and
beauty products and services, such as cosmetics, hair care
products, medicines etc.
used to describe the industry or a company focussed on products
for house and garden cleaning and maintenance

used to describe the industry or a company focussed on electrical

products in the home such as laptops, TVs, mobiles and PCs.
used to describe the industry or a company focussed on selling to
consumers through supermarkets

one of the STEEP factors, relating to forces within society such as

family, friends, colleagues, neighbours and the media
one of the STEEP factors, relating to modern technology and its
influence on business, industry, etc.

one of the STEEP factors, relating to trade, industry, and money

one of the STEEP factors, relating to the environment

one of the STEEP factors, relating to politics

the amount of money that someone earns every year in their job,
not including any extra payments they may receive
companies that are trying to compete with others in a particular
market
the system of payment and benefits that an employee receives for
doing their job

the percentage of customers kept for a defined period of time

not easy to make someone want to do something

an amount of money paid by a company to an employee as an

increase in income or as a special payment for success, which is
connected to the value of shares in the company

money that encourages a person or organisation to do something

an amount of money given to an employee in addition to their

salary that encourages the employee to do something

to make someone want to put money into something

money earned by a person, company, government, etc. over
particular period of time
better returns for shareholders or maximisation of share value
the money received from new products or services
cash generated from operating activities

a company's profit from its normal business activities, not

including any earned from investments or sales of assets,
calculated by taking operating expenses away from gross income
to give money to someone for work that they have done

the money you receive for doing a job

a reduction in the money you receive for doing a job

an amount of money that has been paid or is expected to be paid

pay that is based on how well someone does their job
payment for work that has been done or services that have been
provided
to give a person, company, or organisation money or other
advantages because they have been successful
money that someone earns for doing a job, especially when this is
a very large amount
the total amount of money that an employee is paid every year to
do their job, or one of the payments they receive each month as
part of this
amounts of money paid over short periods of time that encourage
a person to do something
high and difficult levels of success that an employee must achieve
if they are to be considered to be doing their job in a satisfactory
way
an amount of money that is paid, usually every week, to an
employee for their work
the movement of ideas and opinions to the same point (they
become similar)
the production or use of original and unusual ideas
a situation in which two things become different, or the difference
between them increases
the ability to think of new ideas

the act of putting a plan into action or of starting to use something

the use or development of new products, designs, or ideas

a situation where two or more people or things communicate with
each other or react to each another
a product or a way of doing something which has never been made
or never existed before
the character, feeling or mood of a workplace
the amounts of money you are allowed to spend for particular
purposes

parts of a large organisation, such as a company or university, that

deal with a particular area of work, business, study, etc.
an accepted way of dressing for a particular occasion or in a
particular situation
arrangements in which your employer pays for the things you
need to buy while doing your job
accepted standards, or ways of behaving or doing things that most
people agree with
ways in which a large company or organisation is organised, for
example, the types of relationships that exist between managers
and employees
the type of person you are, which is shown by the way you behave,
feel, and think
sets of actions which are the usual or official way of doing
something

systems used by companies where employees who achieve

particular results are paid more or get other advantages

a kind or organisational culture which can be pictured as a Greek

temple, where the columns represent the departments and the
roof above represents senior management. This culture is suited
to stable environments or environments where the organisation
has a lot of market power.
accepted principles or instructions that state the way things are or
should be done, and tell you what you are allowed or are not
allowed to do
a kind or organisational culture which is job- or project-
orientated. It is a team culture, characterised by high levels of
cooperation and fast-decision-making.

the beliefs that people have about what is right, wrong, and most
important in life, business, etc. which control their behaviour

the ability in a given field or the ability to do something well

calm, serious and controlled behaviour that makes people respect
you
the positive self-image that we have or the respect and honour of
others
the distinct personality of an individual
a good understanding of someone and an ability to communicate
well with them
the access we have to social networks or feel part of the rest of
society

what members of society expect they are entitled to

doing the work involved in a job, in real working conditions,
rather than planning or talking about it

seek public attention and interest

making you feel very uncomfortable

to gradually stop or disappear

to begin to experience difficulties
to try to deal with the problems or subjects which are difficult to
deal with
If an idea, belief or system takes root somewhere, it starts to be
accepted there
short periods in between other activities when there is a chance to
do something
a short description of something which provides general
information about it, but no details
to reduce the money that a company or organisation has to spend
regularly

to make people more likely to work together as a team

interesting the people who are involved in or buy from a business
or have an interest in its success in something, and keeping them
thinking about it
to collect facts or details about a person, company, product etc.,
often from different places or people
to have more trust that things will work well or behave as you
expect, or become more certain of your own ability to do things
well

happening at the beginning

to test (a solution) over a short period to see whether it is worth
developing and investing in

to make (a plan) an action as opposed to thoughts or ideas

what is wanted or needed by someone

to not accept projects that do no fit certain criteria

to suddenly reduce by a large amount the amount of time that it
takes for goods that have been bought to arrive at the place where
they are wanted

to do or begin to do (an investigation carried out by a company or

other organisation that examines whether a planned business
activity or project is likely to be successful)

four subjects to consider when selling a product or service, which

are more consumer-oriented than the 4Ps: convenience for the
customer, customer wants and needs, cost to the customer,
communication with the customer
the four main subjects to consider when selling a product or
service: product (= what to sell), price, place (= where to sell it),
and promotion (=advertising, etc.)

a business that operates in a building and over the Internet

a traditional retailer that operates in a building or buildings, when

compared to one that operates over the Internet
one of the four parts of the 4Cs, involving two-way
communication between the customer and the supplier, in
contrast to one of the four parts of the 4Ps, promotion, which
suggests one-way communication.
one of the four parts of the 4Cs, which recognises customers'
choices for buying in ways convenient to them, compared to one
of the four parts of the 4Ps, place.
one of the four parts of the 4Cs, which (unlike one of the four
parts of the 4Ps, price) represents the real cost to the customer,
for example their own transport costs in addition to the price that
companies charge for the product.
gathering detailed information about customers in order to offer
personalised products or services
one of the four parts of the 4Cs, meaning the combination of
services and satisfaction that customers want, focussing (unlike
one of the four parts of the 4Ps, product) more on the solution to
the customer's problem than on the product that the customer
wants to sell.

the customer's way of considering something

a technique enabling companies to analyse such things as online
customer feedback and enquiries to help them understand their
customers better
relating to companies that do most of their business on the
Internet

a company that does most of its business on the Internet

an online store

a business that uses the Internet to sell its products

the combination of actions a company uses when selling a product
or service. These are often described as the four Ps (= product,
price, place, and promotion) .
a business which makes products and services available to
customers in different ways, for example on the Internet and in
store.

a real store, rather than one which exists on the Internet

the manufacturer's way of considering something

a company that operates only over the Internet, and has no
physical stores

a store that sells goods to the public

making a website easy to find via search engines

methods for advertising products, services, or brands using the

Internet, by attracting the interest of groups of people who discuss
them, make suggestions about them, etc. online

the people that a company wants to sell its products or services to

a store that exists on the Internet, rather than a real one
making a website which is well designed, for example one which is
fast, easy and pleasant to use, and which is easy to find via search
engines
something that is owned by a company or organisation, such as
money, property, land or a brand.
given to

outside or further than (something)

to increase or improve something

the degree to which people are familiar with or prefer a particular

brand

the value of a particular brand for the company that makes it

the process of using an existing brand name to introduce new
products or services
a set of features and ideas that customers connect in their minds
with a particular product or brand

a company's decision about how a product is marketed in relation

to its other products, and to competitors' products

the process of changing the way that people think about a brand
uses of an existing brand name to introduce new products or
services
money generated by all of a company's operations, before
deductions for expenses
a brand that is leased to a manufacturer, who then makes the
product under that name

an expensive brand which is not necessary but bought for pleasure

the name of a manufacturer on a product, used to advertise and
sell the product
a product that has the name of the store where you buy it, rather
than a name used by the company that made it

ways that people think and feel about a company, product, service,
etc.
to communicate information, knowledge, beliefs, values, ideas etc.
to others
not expensive
very famous or popular, especially being considered to represent
particular opinions or a particular time

making you feel hopeful or encouraged

relating to things you can see or touch

comfortable and informal
to get an idea from

simple, not difficult to understand

clearly recognised characteristics of a product
able to change easily from one activity to another or able to be
used for many different purposes
full of energy and excitement
the activity of providing food and drink
costs for corporate and regional functions

a loss of value, especially over time

costs that can be identified with a particular project or activity

costs such as wages, rent, and interest that do not change in
relation to how much a business produces
costs that are not directly accountable to a particular project or
activity

money that is paid to an insurance company

money that is charged by a bank or other financial organisation
for lending money

the activity of keeping a building, vehicle, road, etc. in good

condition by checking it regularly and repairing it when necessary

the act of directing a ship, aircraft, etc. from one place to another
the regular and necessary costs, such as rent and heating, that are
involved in operating a business
costs that change according to how much of a product is being
produced or used

to use a situation to your own advantage

property that someone borrowing money will give to the loan
company, if he or she cannot pay the debt
organisations or businesses that have their own separate legal and
financial existence

to imagine or expect something in the future, especially something

good
a person or organisation that promises to pay back a loan if the
person or organisation that originally borrowed the money does
not
people who make money by starting their own business in their
home
something, especially money, that encourages a person or
organisation to do something

to make someone want to do something

a person that money or a cheque is paid to or should be paid to

an amount of money that has been paid or is expected to be paid

an amount of money that someone is forced to pay for failing to
obey a rule, law, etc.
the number of people in a particular country, area or place when
compared with the size of the place

the act of paying back money that you have borrowed

an official rule about something that it is necessary to have or to
do
in a way that it can continue at the same level for a period of time

without money, food, a home, or possessions

to offer something valuable to someone with the agreement that

they can keep it if you fail to pay a loan or do what you promise
to give money to someone for a product or service
to pay back money that you have borrowed
to cause someone a disadvantage
to pay back money that you have borrowed
the quantity of money that is charged by a bank or other financial
organisation for lending money, or the quantity of money that you
earn from keeping your money in an account in a bank or other
financial organisation
to deceive someone by making them think either that you are
going to do something when you really have no intention of doing
it, or that you have knowledge that you do not really have, or that
you are someone else
something that you do because you have to comply with a list of
requirements, rather than because you have a genuine
commitment or interest in doing it
having to do something, because you are forced to or feel it is
necessary

noticing that a particular thing or person exists or is present

dishonest or illegal methods that are used to get something, or to

make people believe that something is true when it is not
to give a lot of attention to the powerful effect that something has
on someone or something

produced or created something such as a profits, sales, or jobs

a powerful effect that something, especially something new, has
on someone or something

included within the way in which a business, government, or other

organisation carefully plans its actions over a period of time to
improve its position and achieve what it wants

combined into the company

to think about something carefully so that you can make a
decision about it

careful not to forget about

the reason for doing something or the reason that something

exists which is more important than anything else

policies regarding the process by which an organisation buys the

products or services it needs from other organisations
employees, investors, customers, etc. who are involved in or buy
from a business and have an interest in its success
people and companies which are transparent in something do it in
an open way without secrets, so that people can trust that they are
fair and honest
extremely big

the state of feeling healthy and happy

the amount of time you spend doing your job compared with the
amount of time you spend with your family and doing things you
enjoy
to do something, or make something happen

to get information or advice from a person, book, etc. with special

knowledge on a particular subject
to invent something or bring something such as a product or
service into existence
to do something which is different from what is planned
to make something certain to happen
to judge the quality, importance, amount, or value of someone or
something

to put a plan into action

to watch a situation carefully for a period of time in order to
discover something about it
to state or describe something clearly and exactly
example sentence unit
The company acted illegally by forcing an employee into early
retirement. 1
In a fast-paced, changing business environment, making sure
employees have the right guidance can be critical. 1
Healthcare and banking are heavily regulated. 1
The company received an impressive and symbolic order from the royal
family. 1
The food chain is becoming increasingly globalised. 1

The government has invested heavily in higher education. 1

Different sports, like different industries, are largely monopolised by a
small group of teams or companies. 1

The company has a legal and technical monopoly on production of the

drug. 1

He argues that farm subsidies help keep agricultural land away from
corporate monopolies. 1

Technology has moved on, turning what was once a natural monopoly
into a potentially competitive market. 1

Some say that Swedish banking is an oligopoly: the big four banks
control 89% of total banking assets. 1

It may be impossible to create markets where there is perfect

competition. 1

Political and economic agendas change with the times, as every CEO
knows. 1

Marketing plays a key role in a company's plan for sustainable and

economic growth. 1
Introducing flexitime can motivate employees to work harder, or,
conversely, lead to a decrease in productivity. 2

Genetically modified foods have to pass a rigorous safety assessment. 2

The company needs to raise cash to pay down its massive $1.2 billion
debt. 2

Are these carrots organic? 2

Tickets must be purchased two weeks in advance. 2
The organisation is reconsidering its position in the light of new
developments. 2

He was very influential in shaping the government's economic policy. 2

The country could face power shortages as early as next year due to
growing demand. 2

The economic outlook is good for most manufacturers of consumer

electronics. 2
We hope the government listens to the concerns of the food and drink
industry and drops its plans to make food labelling legislation more
complex. 2

The health and beauty industry has been badly affected by the recession. 2
The growth in the popularity of air fresheners has helped increase home
care industry sales. 2

One of the big supermarkets has moved into home electrical goods. 2
The supermarket retail industry in the EU is dominated by a small
number of supermarket chains. 2

Socio-cultural forces affect our attitudes, interests and opinions. 2

Technological advances have greatly changed the manner in which
businesses operate. 2

All businesses are affected by national and global economic factors. 2

Environmental factors include increased pollution levels and
deforestation. 2
Political factors can create advantages and opportunities for
organisations. 2

She earns an annual base salary of €45,000. 3

She was looking for a new job in the same industry, and looked at the
job vacancies at comparison companies. 3
In addition to the base salary, Our compensation programme includes
incentives in the form of stock options and shares. 3

The firm's customer retention rate has remained steady at 82%. 3

The company found it difficult to incentivise employees to work longer
hours. 3

Equity-based awards have been ruled out in the new compensation

package. 3
Cash grants were part of the financial incentives given to developers of
new solar power technology. 3

Bank bosses are still being paid huge incentive bonuses. 3

The government needs to incentivise investment in the broadband
communication infrastructure in rural areas. 3

To qualify, you must have an income of $24,000 or less. 3

The company has been successful in driving increased shareholder
value. 3
New product revenue is much less than from print advertising. 3
The incentive payout is partly based on operating cash flow. 3

Last year, they made an operating profit of $17m on revenues of $1.54

billion. 3
He hates his job, but at least it pays well. 3
There has been a long-running dispute over pay and working
conditions. 3

Employees have a choice between taking a pay cut or working more. 3

For the fiscal year ended February 28 2010, payments from Class A
Shares amounted to $1,470. 3
The unions are against performance-related pay for teachers. 3

The deal took his total remuneration last year to £2.4m. 3

The Industrial Exporter of the Year award will reward a company that
has expanded outside the domestic market. 3
The link between corporate performance and the big rewards reaped by
directors should be more transparent. 3

Her annual salary exceeds €100,000. 3

Short-term cash incentives were given to employees in order to improve
performance. 3

Stretch targets should provide the benchmark under which a person's

performance is deemed to be "poor". 3

This deal represents an hourly wage rate of $9.83. 3

The convergence of ideas plays an important part in the creative
process. 4
The organisation celebrates and rewards creativity in its staff. 4
The figures reveal a marked divergence between public sector pay
settlements and those in the private sector. 4
It's a job that needs someone with a bit of imagination. 4
A vibrant and efficient service sector is important for the
implementation of its policies. 4
He says universities should work with the private sector to foster
innovation and entrepreneurship. 4
There's not enough interaction between the management and the
workers. 4
Turning an invention from an idea into a money-making product is a
long job. 4
There's a very relaxed atmosphere at work. 5
Corporate planners are busy drawing up budgets for the next fiscal
year. 5

He was previously a director in the human resources department. 5

When she got a new job she had to get used to the company's dress code. 5
I can put this lunch on my expense account. 5

These standards generally exceed the accepted industry norms. 5

Different organisational structures suit different kinds of organisation. 5

He has a dynamic personality, makes excellent decisions, and is a true
leader. 5
The company has introduced new procedures for dealing with customer
complaints. 5

Salespeople often benefit from generous reward systems. 5

An organisation with a role culture is generally believed to be very

stable but poor at implementing change. 5

Such misleading advertising is against the rules. 5

Task culture is very adaptable and focuses on achieving results above

all else. 5

He believed that culture and values helped hold the company together. 5
The ideal candidate will have both a design sensibility and competence
in the relevant software packages. 6

He is a man of dignity and calm determination. 6

He thinks he would lose face if he admitted the mistake. 6

There are many different aspects of our identity. 6

We'd worked together for years and developed a close rapport. 6

People have concerns over social inclusion. 6

Sociality rights are concerned with personal and social entitlements. 6

Those at the coalface of the business may occasionally lose patience with
management theories and abstractions. 7
She craves the limelight and wants the business to get lots of media
attention. 7
Senior executives found it gutwrenching to talk about layoffs. 7

The fighting which started in the night had petered out by morning. 7
We will run into trouble if we do not change our procedures. 7

There are many ways to tackle the thorny issue of taxation. 7

Communism has never really taken root in England. 7

I have some windows of opportunity next week, so we could meet then. 7

This chart provides a brief overview of sales for the past six months. 8
With regard to advertising, we have to cut costs from £12,000 to
£8,000 per month. 8
Senior management wants to encourage teamwork at all levels of the
organisation. 8

The board is interested in engaging the stakeholders in this issue. 8

I went to several libraries to gather information about the scheme. 8

As you progress through the project you will increase confidence in

what you are doing. 8
Economists had expected GDP growth to be revised upwards from last
month's initial estimate of 0.6%. 8
The solution is being piloted by a few councils with a view to extending
it nationwide. 8

We are beginning to put the new processes and systems into practice. 8

I've been asked to estimate our budget requirements for next year. 8
The procedures are designed to screen out unwanted projects
containing high levels of risk. 8

The retail giant is slashing delivery times to win customers. 8

He needs to undertake a proper feasibility study. 8

The company is more influenced by the 4Cs than the 4Ps. 9

The tools we use to build competitive advantage are issues relating to

applying the 4Ps in a profitable way. 9
The supermarket chain is a bricks and clicks operator, allowing
customers to shop in store or online. 9

Online retailers try to lure customers away from bricks retailers. 9

Communication with the customer is not just advertising. 9

Convenience for the customer also includes key aspects of website design
such as navigation. 9
For ‘clicks’ e-retail, there are also the costs of carriage to be added to the
quoted prices. 9
Smart card loyalty schemes are an example of customer relationship
marketing. 9

Customer wants and needs are not just about the products themselves
but rather about good feelings or solutions to problems. 9
The framework is designed to help companies view marketing from the
customer's perspective. 9

Database marketing uses powerful software to analyse information

from customers. 9
Shareholders are unlikely to see the £15 per share high reached at the
height of the dot.com boom. 9
Starting a successful dot.com has more to do with business skills than
technical expertise. 9
Their e-retail shop sells mostly books and DVDs. 9

You can buy a wide variety of consumer electronics from an e-tailer. 9

Their plan involves choosing target customers and designing a

persuasive marketing mix to get them to buy. 9

A multi-channel approach can allow customers to buy a product on the

Internet but go to a store if they need a refund. 9
Even customers who shop online may prefer to go to a physical store for
a refund or exchange. 9
The producer's perspective of product availability often differs from the
customer's perspective. 9

BlueBags started out as a pure play, only available online. 9

Their albums are available only online, not at any retail outlets. 9

It is just as important to think about search engine optimisation as it is

to make a website attractive and easy to navigate. 9

Social media marketing is part of a two-way process with customers. 9

We need the right product to satisfy the needs of target consumers. 9

A virtual store needs to be quick and easy to navigate. 9

Website optimisation will help a company's website attract more paying

customers. 9

The company reported total assets worth $1.9 million. 10

The value attributed to a particular product can vary enormously from
country to country or according to the time of year. 10
Copywriters and branding experts will move further beyond benefits to
highlight hidden benefits. 10
The industry has exceeded all expectations for boosting profits and
dividends. 10

The objective is to develop positive attitudes and build brand awareness

among car owners in order to induce them to purchase. 10
Brand equity is presumed to be a leading indicator of a business's future
success. 10
One of the country's low-cost airlines is planning brand extension into
other areas. 10
He attributes their success to the shops looking right, a strong brand
image, and sensational advertising. 10

Everything from brand positioning to price, supply chain, advertising,

capital spending, and quality is being reviewed. 10
We are beginning to feel the benefits of the brand repositioning we have
done. 10
One of the country's low-cost airlines is planning brand extensions into
car hire and coach services. 10
Brand repositioning enabled the company to increase its gross
revenues. 10
Consumers may not be aware that they are purchasing a licensed
brand. 10
Many rich and famous women like to be seen carrying a luxury brand
handbag. 10
It is estimated that 85% of all sporting goods are sold under a
manufacturer's brand. 10
Supermarket own brands are almost invariably cheaper than branded
goods. 10

Although our handling of complaints has improved greatly, it continues

to be a significant problem in terms of public perception. 10
Training appears to be an effective way to transmit information about
diversity and its importance. 10
They are meeting consumer demand for affordable footwear. 10

Coca-Cola is an iconic brand. 10

The holiday provides tourists with an inspirational combination of
mountain views and historic monuments. 10
Physical comfort is the most important consideration when choosing
footwear. 10
It's a very friendly bar with a nice relaxed style. 10
The sandals were inspired by an ancient Japanese design. 10
In response to customer demand, the new website has an uncomplicated
style. 10
Apple computers have a number of unmistakable features. 10
They were looking for versatile footwear and found a new kind of
sheepskin boot. 10
Their products always use vibrant colours. 10
The passenger meals are prepared by airline catering services. 11
Head office costs are an example of central costs. 11

After three years, this car is projected to be worth 57% of its price when
new - one of the lowest rates of depreciation of any car in any class. 11
Usually, it is clear what the direct costs of a product are but the indirect
costs also need to be allocated. 11
When you take 2,000 people out of your business you will inevitably
reduce the fixed costs. 11
Usually, it is clear what the direct costs of a product are but the indirect
costs also need to be allocated. 11
They ask for 8% extra from customers who pay insurance by direct
debit instead of as a lump sum. 11

Interest rates influence business borrowing. 11

Components necessary for the maintenance of our aeroplanes often

have to be ordered from abroad. 11
In Europe, air navigation charges are collected from airlines by an
organisation called Eurocontrol. 11
The combined company aims to reduce annual overheads by as much as
£2 billion. 11

Common variable costs include raw materials, shipping and depletion. 11

She capitalised on her knowledge and experience to get a new and better
paid job. 12
Debt counsellors are concerned by the trend towards using houses as
collateral against debt. 12

Nearly 90 entities, mainly private companies, mint gold in bars. 12

The company's web optimisation project envisions a website that is far
better than any of its competitors' sites and is at the top of relevant
search engine listings. 12

Some providers lend young people more if their parents agree to be

guarantor for the loan. 12
Household-based entrepreneurs are dependent on a reliable internet
connection. 12
Cash grants were part of the financial incentives given to developers of
new solar power technology. 12

We need to incentivise our sales managers to achieve these targets. 12

They filled in the amount on the cheque, but left the payee's name blank. 12
The company went bankrupt because it couldn't afford the monthly
payments on the loan once interest rates rose. 12

Customers who miss a loan repayment will face a penalty interest rate. 12

The area has a high population density. 12

Charge cards have no limit, but full repayment is to be made each
month. 12

I am afraid the safety system fails to meet minimum requirements. 12

Marketing plays a key role in a company's plan to develop the business
sustainably. 12

During the global economic crisis many people were left destitute. 12

If you need to guarantee the loan, you will lose the business if you
default on payments. 12
We'll need to pay a builder to take this wall down. 12
Students generally have 10 years to pay back their loans. 12
The present tax system penalises poor people. 12
Students generally have 10 years to repay their loans. 12

The amount of interest on a mortgage is higher than the amount of

interest earned on savings. 13

She bluffed the doorman into thinking that she was a reporter. 13

For some employees, safety checks are just a box ticking exercise. 13

He felt compelled to report the incident. 13

He gradually became conscious of the fact that everyone else was
wearing a suit. 13

The couple were accused of obtaining money by deception. 13

The new corporate social responsibility policy will focus on the impact
the organisation has on the environment. 13
The current recovery has so far generated far fewer high-paying jobs
than the last boom. 13
Social networks are making a huge impact on sales, with fans
recommending brands to hundreds of their friends. 13

Overseas diversification is incorporated within the strategy. 13

The other organisation's IT systems will be fully integrated into the

company as soon as practical following the acquisition. 13

Management is looking at ways of cutting costs. 13

Mindful of the poor road conditions, she reduced her speed to 30 mph. 13

My primary purpose for going to the conference was to advertise our

services. 13

Different departments have different procurement policies. 13

Corporate executives need to think about the whole business and how it
creates value for customers and stakeholders. 13

We need to look at how transparent the company is in disclosing

information. 13
A vast audience watched the broadcast. 13

People doing yoga benefit from an increased feeling of well-being. 13

Men have low expectations of securing a better work-life balance. 13

We seek to conduct business in an ethical manner. 14

Because investors' state and local taxes may be different than the federal
taxes described above, investors should consult their own tax advisors. 14

The software was developed by a marine science consulting firm. 14

They deviated from the original plan. 14
The airline is taking steps to ensure safety on its aircraft. 14
Employees will be evaluated on their performance, attendance, and
team skills. 14
The corporation has implemented a new compensation plan for its sales
force. 14
The government had agreed to allow the inspectors to monitor the
refuelling process. 14
He said we should meet but didn't specify a time. 14