Suni | SMALL SAMPLE TESTS ha ety \ «|B thes oalye hr thy sarnple sis, lex 4han 30. rthen the sample t treated 04 small sample. The dtatttcal led concerned aith “the comple ue lat than 30 area called Small sample te. The ‘us sampling dechibu ~ton (st) Fond 2 are utd condudt small sample fuls» Br thes chopke' oe ‘dtc voit? itginttca tet foi baied on yt ond F dichthufons in detail. { ow f eon Ausumpttone fy conducting Aude a £- tal 4 The parent population fom ohh the sale t ts drown & rommal. to The sample obiervattom “ave “tede peat ‘das 4g) adiriple te random. iti The poput lation dandard deviations a then, ays teTat far a Single Mean + . Lib %1y%2,---%n be @ random sane bij drawn trom a normal “population with mean AL ond. yariance o? [Null Hypothute + Ho tf =Mo hey th ample hor ben drown he the ‘normal pepulation, cary there & 0 significant afferent eben th ng mean ‘and he popu lator mean « woz} te Alkane Hypethae e 2 y ay poli (or) pepo te, the sample ha at draw Ron, the; \ioiinit population.. ‘he cate d ‘oxge sample (or) there iho Aigniticant ditltnee between the ample mean and the populakon mean: Tut Stattdee t da m of E 9 boa a thie cate § we opply rior mal decrebution iy an ai hyone oi. ww Stal sy “Tat sla under y mg x Pate ~ NOON) oI : ous ai oN Fi , ek kno, ‘in Ahir cout» tx cotlg: L dba As we krary — _ son(n) Viole cas ansth ond. ns om Xin) % shy ‘ubriten, dé alle tal Sim Dig} ~ tot) ns* se (n-) E auott z X- »as Sine Tut tottibte unde Ho t-| Drference : . Coleulate HL get the tabulated’ value (xigorfecant value ed oe level) & signtticance and hay degiees g He ghee ’ Wy Hl Eby, na) e) Ot Tay rgul Hei Otheaie, Wt ba wm i” Note — a0 The 95% confident teuel 4, Single Hide L-ted Ka [ty cenagy Mie tomer nde) (s)) tay The 994. confidence termite 4 Single Mean +-tut ws Ht oiihlt =o oanle)) Rabe ee bey The aueroge breaking shenglh d steel sliopapoled fo be (8-5 Thacrard pounds with ilordoid deviation: 1.955. A Sornple d IU rods cere tuted, th Dae Avngth conk 14-65 Hhowotd pours. 2 thi, raul uignieant 9 Giver that pales, fae gD Mee O = 1,995 Hea yg . Ne 1H (: n230 , Smal Ainge ut 1) Null hypethuis : Hy 1 ft> 18-5 mm Bas wth obs te, the vault anit stent ear.a) Aasnabi Hypo : ely fe oder ccev ack so He tHE 18 (Huo datled deeb Gey the vault a siggitan. , 3) Level ¢ Significance « Vi Ak 5H level d sgtlane bet it @ Pon talelated wo mL aoe Ye pW 70.015 t able value & ale Tak dale nla He a UR . Tie knoe (given) . cat ust rerthal dtchebution by small zamplex alio) 4 - Xe oN 83 — 18 1459 Vig s = O65 fsuga = ~\1988 © pth eiteal: = b1488 5) Moferince teal = 11988 t yah = 0-160 Pe ott b > teal (Accept Ie)” Ges the sual é nol attend ’ Vac.A eibory k producing The bolle eaith the dverage dtoriedey aimn, Avtandom sample ot as talle han ad meas tometer” 0/e men’ aid Hondatd” deutatinn 3mm Gan we auume ‘that the ne "hax been. dracon a he Prettin at 5%. leud & rigntbions: 1 Gren’ thot i225 (: n<30, Small ‘ample 4) hy Fe aC : See Ql.o mm 5 = 3.0mm » y 1 Natl Pap Ho: ‘Weal bes dhe Jeol has been dvadh hand Ahe mn © Alana hygolhats + H, zp Heb ie abso ali 8 torn the-po lation, / oie the ample hos bun drain’ ho pope! ot at lg) lel d Signtbeane +" t At 5A, level 2 ‘ge einen 0400, XK Ww can be beatd os <2 OSH. = 0.085 fox (nt) dp = -oeoh 2 audg,, t- table value “te adeu! |) Tok Statistic # ae t- EH _a8s-a } sot 5/vau | = Qetr teal = a.6la 5) Lerterence t bol | = 2618 / Lgh = 064 ” tel oth “(eed hy)’A manufacturing Company i producing the engine penta cath the axtk, Atornelay [3Smen » A vardorn — garnple A 10 past showo a mean diavele. | [h85tnm coeth sod o.lmm - On dhe baie of Sarnple, det whelher 4h, ule diameer of Hu ergtee pasts ik rox than 45mm at It 10.6. Grven tat pes! we (4 n2a0 ' Shall satple ut) x = 185, $201, H-1% ) Nall Hypothuis ro Hy he las ie Hale dtamneter d the engine ts Lamm ; | |) ABkeabivg Hypothats,s- Hy +h > 1-45 0 it tale ud) | ey frtle diomnetes p! he engine & more han 1 AS mm. ly Gud rh Segnifconde-2-, 7 Ab ly leu ld Sorte fi. Ret fatled dak canbe fraled of ‘w? only Lay adl, ea bl ‘alee & Q-82\. by Ted Static > 4 2 EB ee Slipeh 2 185-145 ON] ier ~ ee 0.0833 <3 i » Jelaene a Leal 23 Lab = 8-821 Lea 2 Hab. (Paect Ho)parks te rove than 145m. : ; ty She cite darneker "| dhe engine A vondorn sorple gb bois hod the Alloving 99's. 140)! 20,110 11, 88, 93, «8, 108,100 Do Aue dati. iyptt the osurnption ho population mean £0 du. Geiven that n- 10, 4-100 zx Ye te Oe x or ae 2 Wher este. (B= 46310 _ ip beqie wee oa ~ (2) £183.36. Null hypothe r oth zioo te the sarnpl. dato. support the aucurnptin Alunative hypothut t- Hitz l00 (TTT), be th.rample dato doctt Auppot Nhe aburnption hee aadlont =|: statistic under Ho * te Hab (Bee He) . 54 confidence Uentl dy popilation. me ont (a; doups ka sca xi auj ‘ mean Ms 4 (54,0) 5 ) (1010s 1 Ratu MS— ea) ay adits z (68-1833 (ai) gga tars OY Gas) ost 2) © Coot, aay a eee nifidence Uimtle bos population mean pti E-t)S ) qa% @ Sj. Feta) eg arte HE) ™ (68 g2l ee Free os p-* 2 (65.09 40:92) tetul br equality if pita’ abner ss let %1 9% y-7- Xn be a. random» complains droan Horn © normal population cath mean By and Variance ie Aad! ic y nN =--Yn, be another vandon Aarnple of ity 'ny” down ic cl be l : jail mean JA, and variance OF MH te opined that we ri Variances are quel and, unknogn, ee, fe ate o'Say) rite ° Fi oh. tunknown. Hence before opplytag 4tal %, ulti om “iN at pete ed mea tik a hovetically duivable to’ tut! nk lapplytna a is equ d population Varianes byNull hypothats s- : } Ho! Mie Me te, two population man ave qual tor thee te no Aubftctent ditlerence bebtet the rammple means. Abra Hypothets 2 ot) Wade Aeon A >, oct / ties ao" population mean are od equal (or) Ahere ho “a egnifeand ‘VWdifhrenc behaen the campk, mans. ut Gtobibie t- Sines 4, Ye Hlloas normal las Laden zy ‘lo “Mes normal deh Toba) os} x m(eey Fen) XY abo floas normal’ dicbtbidton: LYON Me or 4) Gontder Standard normal L pone fa 3 Yasheb g and 3 be the zamnple Varian ex then tom the chi square | dithtbulton , coe ling dhol . een 5° 2 2 } “umes me BS. Feo and BE we Het) ®y the additive property dd. aguae ‘dichtbution 28 gg tnd SE aan Tee ns? me Ry oth tage & Lin-en-). oy Gq bo body shee 2. pad L . sa PRY th gE ln nc G oesee dhe, Aye oe 1Si the wyard at fobr por r+ 52 2 atnsth-*) r 4 fe Ast yi igo o '° By the debtnttion d Laketribe dole i a satin df SN Vortoke divided’ bythe, square svt, ¢ chi-square vale diutde . «> rrattl £20) nba the dagues hadi: 5, % 59> (MP) i nN o fy a mT Te oben’) noth se fore? ‘ ee ws (u-P) suinitlornc, | MotBs. /1 yt nn, Yat : Ji | t bey . 5 : 2 | Dyvgt ih ¥ oo) g) ls | OP wewmider ee TAO? hind = [nstnads } nah nytn,-2tb. ©5- (uM) $ (yt nn, tut slaboke ode ~~ ow ts ty, wt oanay “ 3 ia KG .-2) OE, WEN 3- Coleulate TEL tae get the tatauloted: value d. tat o-level of ‘onifcance and AM x degreer f faedom uy Wl > te, MEN)’ Then ee enay ue He: Otte, i! mt et te ben, = aaeept Ho « nes oe es Conca - 9h eae > oe lehoeany ts uttinifeh al eh tha coe Oe ‘ply novel dich ihdttony: \ Tul abide under Ho 1E-RG ENB Cue 3 DY 7, Gr are known - Qn Hite cares alto, coe apply roirtal dicke os Ge ey. Dn these “00 caste toe iota # \z tt) 1 ae xeect He at eelevel of tignt Heane- i othette,” : lls Sep 1 ray sit te = ona, a]a » {lleo samples ot Has 10 and 8 have the meare 29 and 32 vapedy « of he too pepufation variance are 4:58 ond 68 ful the, Jgotheand diffeey | behaeen he sample means - . Given that, sag nyeto eB "' (n,h, edo , Amall sample dat) H-29 Gar nine | ope +58 Gp = 684 ) Null Hypothate s- : Hay na Hg : sf dite there, 90 sgt hon | a tele san mean. a) Altunative: Hypothats t- asin (eo dat) | heart aff behoun He Lample means . chi hoo tailed dud te, here & al gai 3) lau d Sigitcona OM 5% wi’ Signi fiance 1 ean be teak ox 2 tinh + aise fk nen dp -tta8—)dp eee Npdlue Cee” Many > led, 4) Tat Statice ae = : Lame = 04-82 | SS odd | Fy OH, (a) | mr OM 10 —% | 5) Qeferne ze filed 3 pr = alr | Leal > tab (Rye He) ie Aho & a ugnttiant aiff bjortample Fann:os’ a) Wado yandorn sarap ee tig Yo and 12 drawn fomia popula catth may auand 30. 4at chether hue -too sampl have dha ‘ ” ome Populatton with de 50 Satin Los. ' Given Tet “ne onen func, Seal Sanh bash zy g+30 C= eOeS © pre Null Hypothute t= Hy ty = Ae fp Altundive Hy potha - My ih 7 “Chin datled) Deu Sinibeor b nm I, U6. $ he tion Yatked tel v cah be treated HX 21 05% Ay (htn,-2) de = Ciotinede Wena issih 7 ode b-table. value ts 8.845 A u)Tat Gatidie st bo eee gat a, EG. _Hei0 bbe otk. f a Ee 1D Sigh vots et | Sfo-iesss $0,281) ' dy Te * Qeqwog . =e 728026 taal = Fltle afore | Dnterence - tal = 2.8026 Lhe. » Hab = 88S, le hg 2 ae for pvea | Infuene. 7 Caleateté Paired t-tut fe differene ff ars - came pepulaon choradetdie Here the obu, independent but dependent The pate of obu aorne ith sample unit . Nall Hypothet: + Het Mae Pe Tut Statistic s- ge ands tel define 8 Soa z Now, fut a stoke ke é Lat dlatubie andes Hy Shir te 2 Dk hae $ Slim Sha at (n-ddg. iF IE tee qaty then O19 ote i meen) 3 S= (ft na’) 4}, we got hu tabulated volue Etat «los svotions Quy ) are not us woo (x, y) belongs + Altunattue Hypolhwse yer tia dy or Micfh bey studio sight teord tntveate, oF decrease Colaalate: di = %- Ys Me te 493) - te d-He Me), w tint) Elbe a) i) i é 4 Ede @ rea) | to dhaate , if Hl 0.0244N10 (*2¢30, Sroll sample tub) Sek Edi OP 20. atavt = (obey 1) dost s as 1 Goat Tonos oh Ae hanimbo swulumils oaiplos (\ 8-Joos eR rink prio! >t 1 _ 570.0888 BE OE AS OE I ih BAe 98 Tc antral lsd oh Ye ot te, HB percent coar not tera lk pe Allnoltve Hy pothuiz Hos Hic He (Right dat ede) H8 perent tac increared afte bell te, HB percent coat fey tnereoued after bealment Lov of Sioifteane t At sx LOS. “hr (nt) dp bey (H0- ty dg = Tut Stottdic r SIA 0.0888/(75_| | 2 0,680 © mes 0.012983 : = = 2.3964 : - “st: 2,010" ight daid tut tw, can be el ox o only with adp »t- Able value! i 1-818 © \ \tl =a) Qnterence Leal # 2 fe age ov Wome 082 AS) Cee VY “ee (5) ~ i ° cal > Etab CCyect He), 9 ey A certata abimulur odminizterd th wach of the ia poten raull, the Altoaing never of blood preere: 5, 2,8,71,3,0, -2,1, 9:0) 48 Kean we conclude that the stimulus ail bet in gen 7 Peeper by an increase in blood Preauure + = 185 (2,58) = GUNES — 6.6564 > = BACOLSe /g.Aeor ' 1 oso pl hl aale = 2.950% pe f : sage re a ‘ Null ‘4 thats hh i , Hee , Hy fhe eM | hy} f | ey blood presurer caves not tneveared due to the shes Albunadive Hypothute + - stonbn Wipers (Gehl tad 46)” Gey BP tas real due ty He nen a ll Significanee : 2 ue ‘y! only with the (ne id « (ede tye + table value um IAG ,, F lide, Ge dat Statiche ANG KET bal = 264 fog they ’ Yoteener beh 2 289%) | Lie > sae tuab< teal (Gj jet Hs) J Blood pracure Ga tnoveared -ofter edvetordsne oe shal ‘ we as. Me Oph ta ub “ se took |Hotyxe pom ae all t-Tat Ay Grrelation Goelketent Leb (51,3), (20,3), -~~»(%0,Un) be, bivariate rand sample’ af igen dian fd” a! “btudttote “Rirenidl jpulaton Uf ¥ - the darmple onan ocherert’ ard P be the ple cone lin’ afl: : Null Hypothacts ri ec bt there & 00 ggoifnt colin bt The wo vl ¥ anc y. (0) bendo vaste YX bod yi are ; nell tled 2 qe Altwnative Hypothesix Myst hii} uP) Ox FH | Hodhogpll wsttehgay 3A na Huth 6 avtleheor sles tity thee & correlation bebatin he rondorrt vaxtable Xand Y Cor) Random variable Xand y; are conve idol oh es a rt Tut Stahihte + be TE tg ae Le és Aa Tut alaftdic under Hy t+ _1 — atin) ie 8d.0 tp #7 |,¥, JM Io te Doderence o “ } ( L dhe Labal tale’ value “ek ot (evel Santon Caleul late ltl, we 4e Raa degut d Rego heh 4 Aibulate val ua a ltl >t (nny) | Fhen toe ‘may get! “nul ‘agatha Me hoa sible ipl na); #t rp X coos[NS Hy TM we may accept Ho: Prbleny 3: bane 4 1 fata CE AE did A. bivariate yond lone. Aire and stnnatton, 65 og famitiys, bes | orl cal 0203, 2 hw conan, aignt front fom. Sm Given that n=20, ¥-0.263 ats the = / be.) the = cel | u a age fom 4h pepleton, re Hype sf £0 Crondld ed . bt he sample conel eli aw ee dom the pr telton, Tat salle under Ha. * . nit {-L—e A cy: ae =) 0.203 = 088.” jet jis 0~2 Dobence + - 2 2.101 at Sh ‘eal of Sgorheance 18 dl and 4, [tle 0.88 tons) * bes (8) +] 4ao'ctatled dul dom t- ables \ 0 ae tile Loe nia) V2) 7H & ahd, 6 hel the Lemple: covrel lation ii nat Lignifeant, Boon te repletion I mean X and ¥ are unconelated. ”|| popleton.- A biva yandor Aample g OF Pack ot obiervations tom 4 normal, anv a vernon * coukkeiant dos. 0, he igen ‘teondalon tre on ind population. hi Given thet es 1406 Null Hypothata + Ho? {2° te the darmple covrelation ce Hretent i rot signi cant ‘Bib Nie ' haa Alunative Hypothuis + 0 nehta)siio9 . 199 slqaarn sdf, Hy fo. ~ taeda) ies, ample correlation, | codthcyat i igiot fe he pen Tat ‘taku Fiarthec'ltarsts dan at Insel, L : Drfeune ‘ [tle 345 = 9.060 al 7, Ors vat asdf and Li aw tailed , teanry ** (54,29) tut totabler vt ltl a Een) ie the, _— onelion a rithend L honk the ele’ eailation =) Ho t& agit: sorlfrcent which mean X and y are iil tah‘3 Tut sbotichic under Ho + A bivavale Sandorn sample é af 300. ‘dhoon fom Parte Uppdln , the comlaton ‘celhciak OY Tat cohether the sample comlation coeflerint & ihe do he mi it) Oblain 95% and 99% confidence. limite Hie the rhe conelithon cof aint - Garin, that | 1x20, Y= 04 Null hypothesis Ho feo aditobey fon cocleaent a at pl Pieced the te, the comple covrelal Potton (on y dnd y ‘ave untorielatd | aint x Ube! iv «jp a! po ‘(he id BB Ce aaenple correlatton coefficient te nat aha ‘hon the population : tor) Xand ¥ are uncortdlakde © (ay) = ’ | $e dn ot qr) [=> 2 tai gy e Oye oY Frdeene ! ae Vel = oly ca th © 960 at 5% evel and lage dp ‘te, an, Jobten na). + Heys t88),, fy too tailed Aub» 44 Kon find to ridimal! dectrbaton:opal nA» beg rian) Cb iat Joo) tlt Harmpe exielation, athe a ote ct ah hy res Le Xi and Y axe | od lated... wh baw e ” ‘yo -95% Contidence lmik, kk Span che ead" ar) Ae)? Y= 14 eae War | iG 7 6 avn nn. va dlnks}) be a tao (lo “oa” jou sige be Hy * i Va0o dn pepe Todi owls} 2 (0.2836, 0.5164) doaboon) vk Bean. os “conidnee tietlee he ‘atiepllation’ edvrél lotion yoetteatnt, H sovibaap adh ba} acgun a =a Pe aa fog Josmingss Bos pes: “ Af a of shy a val abt Jee JX ud i. C f(y 299 teow) cout), edi a,gs (elo)? (ou) ny ily ad asd Yano. mt oe Ey a Ose Hedy waoupsboni sdk ah A) z (oan set | ee I ob sub glow Corathana fav theives dunt ra | | for the validly of cht- quate tut goodnex ¢ Lt and ful nnn bolls bates ss Ane ol ering yongttions thould ke’ wee The sample sbuevotion ahould be wedi» fh Contains on the all UU Arcquencts Auld be, Linear, 6G dys lui d adn f clttbab atid hal’ be ‘rearoably laagey uay ae ten 50 N, the trtal Jrequery Ww) No shea, L all Prequtney ahoilld! be retool, fergt, bes dhery 5, 13)t any theorehal ce Lei ti lee thas Ske Before | applying thes ag ‘ tk k pti ‘oilh Whe ‘precbeding or vuielng dequetig yo’ thd the poole Pqutney | te more than 5 and degrux of he doit (def) reed 8 adjust fos the df tock sd paling. “for egy itll y fiequt inieteh aes aie +b ge ray then odd, axe tubsbaded ‘in total Lad, tal) ee Further, if any porareln are alienated tn sg / ‘ona diy tion , then Yat humbur i -abebvacted deen ‘lel ae chi - Square dul for Goode d dt. ‘ u Wot parses: tect hin dating. 7 the uignitione ¢ dill tloan th theory and apuiment U known af @ chi- -iquare. dat "f goedrex of A. Thie & diccovered by Koxl Perio. “hi mmc uel rol th the deviation a the apart Forin'+the thessy) pant by chante or tit veally due to the inadequacy df the theory” i ‘i the cbse data, Null Hyptbu fy uh He Patil by Ihe given dela ay but inal Fy : MGs A by bt the filled aban fr the set a wont i i ll Mh ns Tat ‘ole under Ho) a!) [he 0, telB3,--M be cb, “en patna) bad and | ” Ie, pen sboe' satel Born shag) Fegan a | | vail Pasian ce Sgecser tothe & ts ote 2 (ce- a 7| | | ) | 5 |yaeidomn Mumba tables ivy) Se ie sy at zat tl a 7 veh ti gy |Arernce : , 5 | We cateutate Ly oe te the abut value Cant Value) al ye level (of aignibeana ot nl degra df fedom. a v> Lew nays then coe may ne Hy. othewte , if v< Vie nt) then tat meg accept | Hy: Probl ir : f yo numberx ave draan vandomly oth! “te dos 0,15) ie om random nurnbert able ms theiv Aequenciet are given “blows. Digit iy a Tat ahelher the digth ave draon a, quel from the yandom . Number tabla. wee sa ash Nutl Hypothats 7 Hy t The digi are dyaan segoalliy, Freguectly om th ' Une Hypothuts : \ Hi: The tigh ave es daon equo! ty tl dean. I vandor Humber ably? ry Ne a. , Tat Statidic. under = Expect ed hewn & = e B10 rt1 Qodeence ho . cee cbogh Qisecp Taunt) = -_ tabla. number tables, ge FC! @ 2 (oti), ¢ 1 sh Beagaenl C.tsy the a ave dean oul Baquly heen th srdyn i ey 28: ace Fr eh z=) Ho. i accep, nd a: Digits Or | & “oer /ee £ oO 38 | 30 01833 Dain jab fal 84 if) 50.!o 1 o.0s33 hook a 33 | 30 108 \5 3 31 30" 0.0333 y | ag | 30° 1015393. oH 5 | 35, | 30 +8333 iin ol do}350 Vey Yi ot 6 3a | 30 © 10 OOI333 4 30 | 50 0 8. | 31 | 30 0:08.38 q as | 50 0.833 3. n L es + 28664 =16.92 ot 5% level dndig dt, fren chesquax| An expertment Oas conducted fy ue gioups A,B,C ond O of beant «Amon | 560 bars, the number d beans in us groups aie 319, 101; 108 and 32. According 4 Hendal theory proportion of beans thodld be tr the roto 1qr3:34l. oes he expertrent & beans support the Hilal theory » N ll Hi th tes oak aie Hy! Th eaperteneat df beans support dhe Nendal theory. la) Allama. Hypothens # H+ The experiment beans do vat support the Hendal thory: [Tel sec und | Expected Frequencies Total number d bar + 560 Theory predic 4335351 Expected number d beans for goup A B= 4 x 560 = 51S f= 3 = 105 for group 8 2 3 x560 Ay quoup Cbs = 3. x560 = 105 16 fx group Dy = Lysio = 55 | 2, Groups | Oc | Et (oy) | (Oe-€%) le | A | BIg | 3S y 00508 8 10) 10S “4 0.1584 | (og | [05 3 0.08542g Induene : » % = 0-560 L Xena) = Xis4,8) 2481 at 5% level and 3d: fom chi- quay tables . 02 Leen tay the expaimnent o beam suppott the Mendal Fhoory: The Lallowing table gives the number d atrcrafl accidents that ocr, | during She Various day the corel Find chether the actiders ave uni dihibuted over “the coeek: Days - | Sun Mon “he wed Ther rt Sat No. of accidents | y 6 8 ® U ¢M Null Hypothuts : Ho 3 Atrcadl accident are antbly dichtbubed over the wee, 2) Hy & aceepled. b) Altanaltve Hypothate : Ht Atwoafl -acxident ae not uniformly dishibuted guar the cou: 2 Tat Hoek unde Ho Papecked Requencies aa - a. Ww te t2,---F4 | Sak Oay | O | | Co-ed) | Corley /Ed) 1 Sua y a ‘9! i vL yy nd | Mon (6 12 y ath _ le veh Blof Wat Hf 8383 Gd | 1a 1a 0 6 The | ou w | A 0.0838 Fit 41 Tia 3b ggplawrd Wy 1a 2: 03333 tel Dnberence os | ee ees X% (en-l) = chi-iquare tables 1 2 Ligy,6) Pil a bi comtal dat. X(54,6 ) te Et) eS 5 yes er ped of ou ‘tel and u es cp sx z) Ho may “be raccepked . ie | hal axetend are uniformly dihibuled over he. axel [debian the, Allowing dale cand ut tu : grodrex» Null a : 5 » * Brromtal dubt bln, tothe bat AL hu he given data , ee Hsp 4 p 7 nol Me: Biroral duhtbudion tL not u! Kt hy the given | data. ) Tet Slit ne Hy Frtfing * binant, dthibution.. . o(x=%) 1 7 + Eapecked Frequencies 343 2 Y . (W938 S15 6) 2488 & 25 (82 2 I ) (ogee 4 hss 3 0.35 =0 vB =24 20. P-24 - oy 9G = IEP = 1-04 = 062 Brot geet 7 ee = 8c, (Ouy*(0.6)* 6 - %= 51,2, --- Vs Calea lotion 4 x ; ; Dolan i ; fe | P26 eu idl orl oo, Way iP =! yr H Lise, ») 78.9 i | Fvontes a are X-D = ey, 4 “Hat 54, onl“and” adh homytcht Aquat Hl Frgueoct. tahere K 2 number of Frequencies wold ty oh te af le, than 5. pumas if palarneers estimated oe giuen dota. K 2 3 (Sine Piequercies ary pooled) | Le V (since poraineer-p iestirated intl“a G.-¥)4} oy ncthudirhith Jononid 5 hie fe ese ee Ho may be weced Ce, the binomial dled ti a uehabl be ut the given ‘data. A aurvey of 320! daintlins ‘aith Z chi Iden, and thee dela given. below + arc Number i boys . Number of gil Number Finita, Ww % ro 88 yo WY Q the yault? tonutediné eoith the hypothe Ahat orale and Kine a birth: are equally probable. ; Null Hypothu + ‘ Ho * The yoult ahoco that thei male and pale bith. ave (equalli ‘probable. ; Altanbtve ~ Hypotbots . He The asl do ok” ‘hoa’ that ‘riales and Female biethy oe Sohn eer poy L 0) % Paty probable BLO TT Oda < | Tat Aatotg, undis S ote ty ral Spl . . \W 1 pid) Qetrnss: £Thesibinomtaly dirbiburtion.a Sa we | tg ) binomial duethekon 5-3 pxex) 25y, (4) &) , %20,1 7-795: ba % poe). | Pande Fegan Nee) 0 Yar 10 { uf spay 2s ly uf if } as ee A rs Shor Wiha hub ccstopggoon © 100i. i 3 10]/ap_ 100 4 Spr 30 5 I Nz 320 Calelahom of 0" ope} eet | Got | Geta» i Wb. 2, 56 d thi <1 Of By 0. 100 88 100 yor | 6 1a 1.40 2 h6 oan= Qeberene e- 2. XGr I, ayes . Ye a6 ; “ Leon in 1) Vee, g) = lo as 5 tevel iad sdf torn chi-Aqun tables . : «i Z Leen. n) > He may be accepted. | | Ge, The veull al that, mele and Rind birth: ave rok tbe Aka Potuon dtclrtbution! “or the Hens ee and tut the \ Godny, oh AL. 7 Wk To[. fats |* | s [f Wr | 186 64 at 5 1 Filing of Pauon dichibution. x Rye dar Pxexd Crpucted Feguencea . NP (x= x) 0 0 7 vy . - S309 Ag & IN a a {156 0.3649 Wag = Ut , n cae psp = i, \ 8 0.0613 auss > aS, a a0 0.0153 Gis = 6 5 diy. 5: 0.003 123 2 | nre4oo | 5 Rx = 400 te : n Ne 24 2400 FMean. of dhe gin ata yee i atyod sed.t N tel » bonnes ob 4 ante) F925 bine eI eon, ¢, the Potuon, dighabution = », ey ay ty Ale Graton ot he ete d), Wndishaj 3(hi" ox) ebeh Le» o 7 o» Poiuon dilation w& P(xex) = & Dyk 3 ee tol ana x $ pte hd bax dat ro ikl» up ind ce lation dif % * in ; t Dwi pr Sua Dots sonra! “0: on (o,-€) (o:-F) /e; : C fo ayy! ir \ut S| Ol40l cots rj ips 0. 5510 Hoo pORBMBditly aly apionert| ia ae . feo dplior eotdo J adapt pace ay ays A, vor Te Lsade ght ad slhqotl AUN Bt lk ook nnd Hasbeasqaty sD Scehremce! it te asi wrod wih donokd aultoras 1 Spasourunat brbpagd sd pb eqsbad ; Pence) % (Si ve lH) ‘- fh. “ 4 ! x (Shs 8) C2 Al ak 5h tel ‘anh ad. rom: thee square “blesthue Ke (Steed one Fequensy it pooled -wihich &' et than 5) and (2° i Ginee du uttmated) ho d PEM dees Hm 9 b Bo Cy the poiuon dalbsbattin tt - table it oe the bat A fr, given date - sj xd ey ‘ Chi “Square | fut ty Sande d ols Delinifion + “Eaialy an athtbute: mean a quale lily o hoodivite Erompls ctu aw aa, aang lado ly beauty ete 5, ‘ An athabae may be rasta by th preunee cuits or absence ina number oa given popu tation. let the’ obuavatonc be « lassifed eae 4p ‘hao arthibute and the dene Ob inthe differen cate goiter be shade. in a thoo-way tables call led Contigency table o have 4 tut on the boss dal UM requene Ghether the 20 ath thy lave independent ornot- Ce Lobe the Nu (le © Hy pothucte Hy that there & no auoctatton behacen the athtbuder te. oy, COC auuMe that -ffalan athtbuta ave independent. The tapeded, Feu, CE) of ony cell = he total > Column tal Grand tolal | The tut Hatihe 9¢°= F083] ‘Oppuoximately Alloa, chi gia €e : qA} @ 8 al ate we taror(or) nN bt GA) diuhibution with df = (No. of 10004 -\) x(No. ef calurngs 0) (ost 2S nant AND Lee ws conitder +00 athtbutr Aand 8. A u divided into $20 clan q and Bu divided into too clouer ‘The variowr cell equa « , on capreurd to te Alt lowing teph Vnoan at ‘x2 conttogeney table. &O N _ ste; oe) + DE atc bid my The value Fa giun by vs, Niatl-tc)” Hcdenea”™ Neatbiad atth ¥ iogiven, by. se Neat al -@-004) Wewe tht dymula eer the expected gu et \ udu =M ORE ia ti sea) dh thes asthanlds et sre is AO TMQ ae reseed $02 GUiecad nie gD ORE 2M Dey abit)” Met aie bs wA shodidf oat webines an Al for a Ax cantngn ok, / . Prov thot Pe Niad-b0)” gh Ne atbtctd Catb)(cedard(btd) Lt Hy : Athtbules A od B Gye Feedepen dirt D2 yaasupsd bsboadh A\ Orb (Ai) = arb dts OHI) db Gh 9 “ ~ (a)Q AL On 4 (A) = od yu (4 DP) (bea) , |= ba {ML asbieid . Expected. i under He a K 0 fie ¢ {M6} 2 bar) (+b) Cato) “Wb Q4b+ 4d | ingore» k I Ari) DY Duin6, = ANB) Cc4d)taae) Bask? cua vor ash od pnp Hiss ypsbin Bafta) pany, ihn xe p Ht Ey = (ANB) _ (cd) (btd) a, diab b) JI | “ N By the Nee oy “thy wai cm | £e- (04-6 | mnmare a 1 (I, ise voll uot ot Ley; ak fy) VE aay oT Naabytod))'- dlean) yA OF dpb gra J [eo O+b)(ate).....)..—@-———— _ + i SO rhe (arbylo+d) (ad) (at) be a ea cart 5 BI per vsulny 1B wusbmysbad ash dud Moh anda alan asap sft]) ; N ee adh og od Hi doable! oo Gant? valu | =a. te). fe) pe yok Fass “OHO | “Tarb) (bid), | | “™%. —~_ cane fadtbid | Hobwgsbat dace 8 be Yo vantodld WH > | od-b() poly 1 ' A [ora tobherd) "eae Gate, val shia ‘rR Jovy IA | > osteo" fdidierdt® . nledbe) | “(ove ar (prdycerd) catb)(a) (eed)(cHd) |i= Yole's Correction 2 (rovlt GA) = yd Dn Q 2x2 — table , wt = wl bain te luc than 5. yA) = J ~~ n(lad-be) ih)” ae : ran -tchedl te we Y, Ide coneck ron fevent fro heal cell Frequency by tar than 5 ta table. ntl sdk yd ® Toon treatment have -appleed 0h, ae yt plte and the data given blow Tut ob tratthenk | are bad ¢ given problem, belong fo tat br trdgendenae df athtbuty Ud trealment 2 be, Ajand tratmunt 2 be B then . Null Hypothate 1/7 5 Hy Treatment: end af ove liladal tna Hipelbet, ib * a teed Li) roNd 2) HS mate nt 2 and : tare ot rn wl obSignie teal Begs Fela BD idee) iho - At 6% wld Saran and df Xb, C54 wos) (od-bo) 4 )\tbed) (3140Nd ta) - Thies Ged)re \ ey EYE Ok ogre? 4 GI dhe chi- Square fable mee Ted stafictte + Ej,» ReoT x dune T — Gand T (hig) i SE Biel coaiey 3.8yh (od bot] =X io} Wot (do) lihdo Inbal ne Jorge) « wold ayyip he os 300x aug —— 500 2 300 X 268 = Ty = 160.8; a so Siggy’ A she's 266 oh Steal | Boo 168 L v> = hy ~ Fi) 135.0313 Fj Inaoe 500 itihdlh - , a (o * os WANsD) jor jae Ho C. Treatments Lard B ture trdependent)2g a) n . Lu i i Note: mas Ws ey we can ‘choot fy XR conte, | . ‘i PE yp als Yea tly SAL fobl, 97 = N(od-b0) a eabyrargcaayerd) Land Hentol abtlites of 1000 dudente aan ool lade forma ice x” ' % yas) Phiatca and given belo. Tat whether tee fand rrental abitehin ave tndepeng i vu level re . Mental abittttis - High Avwage Bélow Average High aq ot Wy Phyctcat ghileia S Averoge | 260 5a Hi Qelow Average 4 ; q) 48 4 | Contingsney table Mental Abilitin - = A High (B)_ | Average (8): | Below Avg(8:) Total 2 | High (a) A® = | me iraq NB oy AB 80 = Hage (Ay) | Ar se ae : 5j & | Blow A (0 a 148 640 9s) uy tele us) Total “wl gg <> eee 340 540 {000Null hypotheta : Hot Phydeal and Mental’ Abiltlit’ are foddpandint: Atkunaltve hy pothptet Jon eed aosbilidA Yoda’? dew dovtid Hye Phycol and Meal Abst a ane eo inp w 4 dy v if; ld \d Signteana me ; ; AL Ih (0.9 and Ee paal-T ow {3.244 Tat Stottdie + } As df the, x sat vee te Or |< Soot eclum T |g. [eae | Celle Grand T 34 gid! \ oy} Sela ae ane | exe | osha Mat fig shpat ud angel of Aen 7 BHeH | gader oo 84.6 j NG), } 26600 asa 2553 3 ; 0.0036 8 0011 ane dst? | aug. capt feo) eaggsbnyebd do fame | esa | get a 85:1 E gucavio}r ovuad |_%8 Get : 645]! 6880 saat pone? vt XG 3) glumeet sal ie gor go = Woe4) £ stodhagpet Mnderence 3 bs oH 2x toe} sryeek Hotee) F Joan Joooytt a 5b YP ee “s Phyteal ard Mental Abilfiec are not nai “wirom Tisha qoba 20 sampler polls a vole i ra candi dake A eal @! are bak, for / ural and. urban areas. The vault, ave given bhoe Examine abel, uae £ he tea, wetelabd ty ‘Votiig SA abe nthe eel 1L.E) Votes 4y Ano Nl bya pis : : «Plot The nature ver te + independent 4 at perio (mea rut iclated) ° oe Adena Wyatt Foie . oy yh The nature gia area! & melee lye d vehing peernanee (ream vated), > P Tak Stattcke andes Hor - ét Chere the bimula ayn anbngay fobk xe N(ad- bo) i x xr ‘(oab)(roreoid) Cae) ~ “VEDM Ed A be the natuye ot area, 8 be the voting performances arene co De MOET this oattinciep i wit 1 8 SE all doa e etl 4 (atb)(a4+o(b+d) Cd) TDIot ew} * = 8000 (crore ys0 ~ 380 * 550) ca ed 1000. 30 x.83b Todo = (0.09 bu Dale Mes = 10-04 Xa, cans 2)" “a, one ) ' aC} » a is Bigs 0 23 Too researches adopted diffrent stk iss ahile tnvetgating he sane group Fa shaded ‘ol differ iatdll igine levek the vault; are given beloco.. Examine cahethen, the samp ling, techniques adopted, by the hoo veearchets are significant.Null Hypothuts : b Pe Hy Thee te no signiftcant different beficer tip Aampling techntquer - adoplid by too stducarchers, Q Altenatve Hypothute : Hot There a @ -aignifeant tet sa the tampling Led by two yuearchers - booChidd at fat Statitte under fy? Vx 009) im A be aarmpling hata “aa bt os eee B be intulligenee leveh . : \ 3 | A 8, Be By “| by Total A, fr 86 © 60 Os wy By 10 “A 200 v Ay On 40 On. O, 26 Oxy 2 (A:) 100 ths : ee ee . 4 (64) la N 3b! } \e ‘Fapected ‘fii es undey ‘Hya 2 BAN, foolte) vay! ‘gp. oh (100)0126) Hi yy P goav itty i » ears all (es gtr fi ou. lout | oA a 3l i Fade ones ie rts ng “a ( aon = (on), OF dom nw aquifplwyoy | “aan tee oie ri aa () 8 “fe As)(B oh hs NE re * aie Se Wy ese. Call ations d xv. t) pratib ath fo wowing? ‘ fy dust ql apap wD $8G ys qhogpel | aodoiw rae = as bo | | o-&) of agai lay ve Ol bao [ian S? ‘| a a ve boda oH 4 a ri 2. Bsbipghe ¢ por vi fasigero> at |! “ey cht ghor Kaci Ah) TE MRT TEI] OT posure won ges SES LT a aise d 70.923. | daupieas) sal ) ey pinjay Uo t shat dui Dadetened 115 46’ oiqnaes xy ican - Ye te ») Ns » AL sicleul and i hs tables » Ke\' i ‘one qv Gratd ia : Stee equ, a. yy fhar's Ad tad aiasally wit ‘ a LE YL isu, 2) 2) Ho may be acepted- loups sto| Sodus Ptub he Sigrifhane hin tuting the dshlavenss sgrtheana dah tl di Ma, d teas aig ‘we auumell that the ‘pas atop Care ho he dame peloton, x from, prpul lakers eaith equal Variance, Of 4, g Varfaniee d the “Populating are ret qual, , a stgniteanl difference ih ‘the means ay drixed Hine, Rohe ae apply thi ttut: fo he ignt fiance of the differena d too means, we have fy tul Ay the equalthy of population variances vuutng F-tut d Signiteane. DES and sf ave the vovtaries tay amples ob iga ny and, upeciuly thin. the population Vovtanc are gf by Ns) = (ns and fe = (MH ye Th quantile NY ny ~| and yet 1 aye ‘ted 1h d Sredom if Thue utimates . ce wont sb tut if thue, cftmater S “and shan rgnitiantly ditlaint of if the ample: may be regaided 0+ dian 4 the tame pipalaion or form a0 -Populahionn cot came Vartan Tat fy &quolity of G3 poplatin Vovtane / Lel tao tndependent Yandom tampa ha now? Ppulatins To tat the” hye ta ite hao: ave equal 84 a Nj and nh be oe bom rh Vatianas a and &2 as, Ui dial I ut She Null hypoth be Hos G2 hegoAl youl ” Th * unaldor | n tu. Altanative tthe be Wiores, “or i J «! ah et dolgerdy, (OO ICY yey ‘ Th 4 ihmal ua rand oF are iyen b | rip wi mal AVOID hag es Me png @ ni. ad ami ¢ pan 4 \ ts $ uh _ Z(%G-¥)., gy gue YS ons sya TERY Tay Realy hin Th chue sr amd. SE are “the he oP the a0 damply « dusony inl are ‘The Ht wel hee} fe aE S or Sr>s) Allo: Pedi ae (n.-1,.9,-1) degua of tudor, . ; - ! fee Va gms at asa gasultib taps sit Ty 2h cumeteal problems, eae take the great a hd fos ve ne 5, in the eee and the othe ¢ “ine sdsppminata: ee ( ’ iP Greate Variance | ~ : TT PT He. Simalle Vovianee ; a) OL tarp Vastones & ta given, (ae al hoa palate vattanee. o * by tuing. He elation a o2(ns DS and via Vera 3) BVM) & oth value fe with vi ‘and, y ie ath Word segs of fedelac bi that he” ath nde th Fe » deh baton ote rsh « of Fe Ba) Fn labs, “¢:) "labatlld & %= 0.65 and ot combinations of thu: do.-f V, antl > 0:01 fy oo h % hast Value p plat G atgnitante lowe Phan at [yo Se od Problems . sy WIN adh as [0 vandom sample of sys 4s Q ‘od 8 in the a dehy ®4 and &6 dian om “do chara rn iakors. al the “agai dren, behaeen “hee sample Narfancds. Nall Peet: w[oa . Het Se Oc Kaos te the jon vn, Can, Les. Han & no agile dt sk ‘hjpothuts, ie Slo} z ' Da ONY an este & be, thee bo tigntteant tfeenee ‘Pm “the epee means. Pogue etasl ong perro Tabtabely ade pyres 28 se nse pared’ Toumunm a7 han 0 art oe = aye " Bil s78" 2 » apn + Spe MS ax) Pe Food rot acualugag Perko (oops | - ‘tole cau tas NOB > oF HBA « v retalse ia AB Lavel Sain we Ae se be oF Sapien Ae A “i wah fe, ay aMyed dd yl ak og Feynildte Frenne | Fete value 26 EE]. fas Path, va"& Daference ¢ Lb oie a " keys, v4 Fe 128 fib f-Or ce Fe, fry) * FSH (8 Di ale 5 a oi lvl and ct ip from F-tablu te a wily. sob 4 <) Ho may ke acapld j,! #F

Sy age oth 12.06, Fen, “i Merl) 4 Re ee Qaference - 2 06 F. 06 Pus Fessenetyn-0) * Fan (490) 2 5.er. at (level, (ad 4 From Cte SOL ean? He ena be accep jet Thala tty the dt ference dt de. +0 samgls a not giiheard. “Tao vandom samples d alge 10 and 12 ate dracon avd gue "heli vd She equality é population Vartants je Gang 106 16 TB, Ble aS |g. sty Baile Bh 9B, 28M [IE WR WB BY AL) Ag OFGiven hat Nye 10, Nata S aloMagel) aviv oo , rs = oo ee ot ES Yi | wyx yee) aD. |i (Yar 9) . ft rt t ) ( Py bet (p 10 + ce (VW) Hy Cy) Sc} 351, by089 : BC ig eit 36 1-3684 1G 308 a 4, pdt b4 i ache sul pV i q 1.3064 1s rs O83 as 0.6889 ia 2 ' Lait 1 ike 44089 8 a 8 molt) fxn 0.0284 '8 4 Sas | S14] 1y.6eag. 8 8 fete | ud 38-0689. q a iets sc )| os@ese q ue.6489, \y a3 a | ges. | 4 44-9069 10 2 _at: = 5 9} M8889. Jt = le soe cel. 51-4089. 120 366.6668. . oH JG W Cah SS Jot. E> 2M = Wei nh 0 Why? 319 UDhDY avitolugad *. Fe DML 1 Syut n, (2 2 §, 2 THD _ RO, 13.3 m-l 4 $ . » = ZUYD_. 366-6668 4, 55 nl = Null by pathaia * L Hy qe Gr Proulation Variances are equalAtesnattve Hypothut :. i op Os : level of Signtteana ' AR Sh Gos cilh F(v,W) = FORA 1 Ov dl, Fuad : F-dable value & 3,105 (avg of 10g tn numeral } Tat Stabile § Pi. Ss 2 33033 SP 13.3 > 5060 (38) Qnfeience s Ke Cale &5 Pla = 3! ws Ral & Mab , we accept Ho - ( 7 Repulatron variant aie (qua