ED 304

The Teacher & The

Community, School
Culture, &
Organization
Prayer🙏
 The Reporters:

Tisha Mae G. Adalid Nena T. Amper

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Participate.
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DEAISMLI
MASMTIRA
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MSALIER
MSILAITNETSI
XE
Answers:

1. IDEALISM
2. PRAGMATISM
3. REALISM
4. EXISTENTIALISM
PHILOSOPHIC
AL
PERSPECTIVE
Overview
Philosophy means "love of wisdom." It is made up of two Greek
words, philo, meaning love, and sophos, meaning wisdom.
 Enter title Perspective
4 Philosophical

1. Idealism
2. Realism
3. Existentialism
4. Pragmatism
Idealism is a philosophical approach that has as its central tenet that
ideas are the only true reality, the only thing worth knowing. In a search
for truth, beauty, and justice that is enduring and everlasting, the focus
is on conscious reasoning in the mind. Plato, father of Idealism,
espoused this view about 400 years BC, in his famous book, The
Republic. Plato believed that there are two worlds. The first is the
spiritual or mental world, which is eternal, permanent, orderly, regular,
and universal. There is also the world of appearance, the world
experienced through sight, touch, smell, taste, and sound, that is
changing, imperfect, and disorderly. This division is often referred to as
the duality of mind and body.
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Reacting against what he perceived as too much of a focus on the
immediacy of the physical and sensory world, Plato described a utopian
society in which "education to body and soul all the beauty and
perfection of which they are capable" as an ideal. In his allegory of the
cave, the shadows of the sensory world must be overcome with the light
of reason or universal truth. To understand truth, one must pursue
knowledge and identify with the Absolute Mind. Plato also believed that
the soul is fully formed prior to birth and is perfect and at one with the
Universal Being. The birth process checks this perfection, so education
requires bringing latent ideas (fully formed concepts) to consciousness.
Realists believe that reality exists independent of the human mind. The
ultimate reality is the world of physical objects. The focus is on the
body/objects. Truth is objective-what can be observed. Aristotle, a
student of Plato who broke with his mentor's idealist philosophy, is
called the father of both Realism and the scientific method. In this
metaphysical view, the aim is to understand objective reality through
"the diligent and unsparing scrutiny of all observable data." Aristotle
believed that to understand an object, its ultimate form had to be
understood, which does not change. For example, a rose exists
whether or not a person is aware of it. A rose can exist in the mind
without being physically present, but ultimately, the rose shares
properties with all other roses and flowers (its form), although one rose
may be red and another peach colored.
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EXISTENTIALISM
According to existentialism:
(1) Existence is always particular and individual
(2) Existence is primarily the problem of existence
(3) That investigation is continually faced with diverse
possibilities, from among which the existent
(4) Because those possibilities are constituted by the individual’s
relationships with things and with other humans, existence is
always a being-in-the-world
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PRAGMATISM
Pragmatism is an educational philosophy that says that education should be
about life and growth. That is, teachers should be teaching students things
that are practical for life and encourage them to grow into better people.
Many famous educators, including John Dewey, were pragmatists.
The term “pragmatism” was first used in print to designate a philosophical
outlook about a century ago when William James (1842-1910) pressed the
word into service during an 1898 address entitled “Philosophical
Conceptions and Practical Results,” delivered at the University of California
(Berkeley).
LINKS:
https://www.slideshare.net/BoyetAluan/philosophical-perspectives-in-ed
ucation2014#:~:text=%EF%82%9B%20In%20idealism%2C%20the%2
0aim,history%2C%20philosophy%2C%20and%20religion.

https://www.philosophybasics.com/branch_existentialism.html

https://iep.utm.edu/pragmati/#:~:text=Pragmatism%20is%20a%20philo
sophical%20movement,ideas%20are%20to%20be%20rejected.
 THANK YOU
LEARN FROM EXPERIENCES THROUGH INTERACTION TO
THE ENVIRONMENT - JHON DEWEY