Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • Wa0046

    Uploaded by

    Kalanjiam esevai
    8 views113 pages

    Original Title

    DOC-20191121-WA0046

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PDF or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    Report this Document

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    8 views113 pages

    Wa0046

    Uploaded by

    Kalanjiam esevai

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    of 113
    PV MATRIC HR. SEC. SCHOOL SIDDHAR KOVIL MAIN ROAD, SIVATHAPURAM, SALEM -636307 xX % NEW 7 A we =—Ss SYLLABUS MATHEMATICS STUDY MATERIAL M.MANI., m.sc.,B.Ed., S.MANIKANDAN., m.sc.,B.Ed., DEPARTMENT OF MATHEMATICS PV MATRIC HR SEC SCHOOL SIDDHAR KOVIL MAIN ROAD, SIVATHAPURAM, SALEM -636307 P.V MATRIC HR. SEC. SCHOOL MATHEMATICS - XI STD EXERCISE 1.2 1, Discuss the following relations for reflexivity, symmetricity and transitivity: (The relation R defined on the set of all positive integers by “mRn if m divides 1”. Solution Given relation is “mR ifm divides Reflexivity: —mRm since m divides m forall positice integers m. 2 is reflexive. If mRn, m divides n for all mn. Then nk, 1 cannot divides m for mn ie, mRn © nm. % Ris Not Symmetric ifmRn = Let 2 =k = ED) utp lta) = om @7nnF ie, 2M so that “m dives p" So that mip also true, ive, m divides w and m divides p = m dices p. Ris transitive. Ris reflexive, Not Symmetric, and transitive Gi Let P denote the set of all straight lines in a plane. ‘The relation R defined by “IRm if is perpendicular tom” Solution: letLmn e P : Reflexivity: A straight line is not perpendicular fo itself . «Ris uot reflexive. Summetricity: fine Lis perpendicular to m = m also perpendicular t i, IftRm = mI, +R is Symmetric Transitivitye If IR and mR but an If Lis perpendicular to m and mis perpendicular to. Then Land n are parallel to eachother. ie., mR [Rn = Ris not transitive. Ris not reflexive, Symmetric, and not transitive Gi) Let A bre the set consis Jamily. The relation R defi of”. Solution : Giovn relations is “eRb ifa is not a sister of W letabce Reflexivity: No person can be a sister of himselffherself. @Ra forall ac A. + Ris reflexive. Summetricity: ‘A family will consisting male and female members if ais nota sister of b” # “bis nota sister ofa” ie, aRb # bRa, «Ris not Symmetric. Transitivitys IfaRb then “a is wot a sister of b" and IF Re then “b is not a sister ofc” Re “ais not a sister ofc” isnot possible. ive, aRDand bRe But ade, Rs not transitive Ris reflexive, Not Symmetric, and nat transitive ig ofall the members of a od by “aRb if ais not a sister (iv) Let A be the set consisting of all the female members of a family. The relation R defined by “aRD if a is uot a sister of 6". Solution: Given relations is “aRb ifais not a sister of b”. letabce A, Reflesivity: No person can be a sister of himselfferself ‘Ra forall ac A. + Ris rflexoe Suymmetricity: Gicen family will consisting only female ‘members. So that ifa is nota sister of b” and also “balso not a sister ofa” ie., aRD = bRa, +R is Symmetric, Transitivitye If “aRb ife is not a sister of" and “bRe ifais nota sister of b” But “ae ais nota sister ofc” is need not be true. [refer below example Re But ac, «Ris not transitive. 2 Ris reflexive, Symmetric, and not transitive Mother :Sumathi Daughters : Kala Mala Kala isnot a sister of Sumathi ~ True Re + Sumathi isnot a sister of mala ~ True ae : kala isnot a sister of mala - Not True Sits not transitive (@) On the set of natural numbers the relation R defined by *xRy ifx + 2y =1”. Solution ; Where x2y-1 ie. So that R={). R isan empty set lexive, Symmetric, and transitive. 2LetN= (a,b, 6 a) and R= fla, a), (b, W), (a, ). Write down the minimum number of ordered pairs to be included to R to make it (i) reflexive (i) symmetric iii) transitive (i) equivalence. Solution: Given X= (a,b, ¢,d} and R = fa, a), (b,¥), (a, 6) (Minimum nuber of ordered pairs are (osida. ‘Should be included to R to make it reflexive Gi) (a) eR so that (ca) should be included to R to take if symmetric (ii) Already Ris transitive, Nothing to include with R to make it transitive. (io) (€0).(dsd) and (ca) should be included to R to make it equioalence. 3. Let A= (a,b, c] and R= ((a, @), bb), (a, 0). Write oxen the minimum number of ordered pairs to be ineluded to R to make it reflexive (i) symmetric (i) transitive (iv) equivalence (Minimum number of ordered pairs are (0) Should be included to R to make i reflexiee. (i) (ae) eR so that (Ca) should be included to R to make it symmetric, (ii) Already Ris transitive, Nothing to include with to make it transitive. (ie) (Ge) and (Ga) should be included to R to make it equivalence. ak Sifxe,y EN 4. Let P be the set ofall triangles in a plane and R be the relation defined on P as aRb if ais similar to b. Prove that R is an equivalence relation. Solution : Let P be the set ofall triangles in a plane and R be the relation defied om Pas aRb ia is similar to b. Reflexivity: Since every triangle in P is similar to itself SonaRa is possible. « R is reflexive AA Symmotricity: If ais similar 0b. then bis similar toa fue, aRb= bRa. +: Ris Syrumetric, —<_ ay Transition ‘8s similar fob and b is similar to. wwe kno that a and c are similar. Let aRband Re then aR Ris transite. 5. On the set of natural numbers let R be the relati defined by aRb if 2a + 3b = 30. Write down the relation by listing all the pairs. Check whether it is i reflexive (i) symmetric (ii) transitive (iv) equivalence Solution: Given relation is 2a+3b=30 for all a,b € N. a 6 2 t 6 z 3,8)(6,6)(9,4)(12.2)) Reflexivity = 8,3)(8,9)(12,12) €R &R isnot reflexive. £(8.3)G4,9)(2,12) € R. Ris not symmetric, + There is no relation like aRb an PR. » Ris transitive Equivalence _ : Ris not equivalence ©. Prove that the relation “friendship” te wot an ‘equivalence relation ou the set of all people in Chennai. Solution: Let abc are people in Chennai Reflexivity :a person cannot be a friend of himselfherself So that aga, + Ris not reflexive. if isa friend of” then clearly, bisa friend ofa”. i. ab = bRa, Ris Symmetric 1 is friend ofb also b isa friend ofc. but 1 need not to bea friend ofc ile Let aRb and bRe but abc Ris not transitive. So that Ris not an equivalence set Symmetricity Transitivity Symmetric Transitivity J. On the set of natural mumbers let R be the relation defined by aRb if a+ b <6. Write down the relation by listing all the pairs. Check whether itis (i reflexive (i) symmetric Gi) transitive (io) equivalence Solution: The rlation defined by aRb ifa + b <6 forall abe N ltt yt ]2]2]2 [2/3 [spse[s [5 elt fs fels[t [2] 3] 4] 1/2 f3[t[2|t RADADAICMTIZVADCIONGVO2IER 02160) Reflesivity — : 44/55) ER Ris not reflexive. + Forevery elements of (1,2)(1,3)(1 4), 5)(2,3)(24)€ R. There exist 2YBNEGNG,116,2)42) € R respectively Ris symmetric I is not transitive. For example (4,1)(1,5) € R but (45) € R Ris not transitive Equivalence _:R isnot equivalence 5 Let A= (a, 6, cl. What is the equivalence relation of smallest cardinality on A? What is the equivalence relation of largest cardinality on A? Solution : Given A=lab«|. Let R= faayibbXeo) Where R is reflexive, symmetric and equivalence ‘This is the equivalence relation of smallest cardinality on A. Where n( Let R=AXA R=laMlabladibabotbdtea(eb) Where R is reflexice, symmetric and equioalence. This isthe equioalence relation of largest cardinality on A Where n( Sypmmetricity Transitivity 9. In the set Z of integers, define mRn if m- nis divisible by 7. Prove that R is ax equivalence relation. Solution: Reflexivity + Asm-m = Owhich is divisible by 7, ence mm proving that R is reflexive Syimmetricity : Let wRu.Then m=1= 7k for some integer k; thus n= m= 7¢-k) and hence nm. This shows that Ris symmetric. ‘Transitivity if mRn, me fp, np snow mop = (7k n)-(n-7 mp = Thenr*71 tmp = 70+). san also Exist in R. = Ris transitive, Thus R is equivalence relation. P.V MATRIC HR. SEC. SCHOOL MATHEMATICS - XI STD EXERCISE 1.3 1, Suppose that 120 students are studying in 4 sections of cleventh standard in a school. Let A denote the set of students and B denote the set of the sections, Define a relation from A to Bas "x related to y if the student x belongs to the section y". Is this relation a function? What can you say about the inverse relation? Explain your ansiwver. 120 sel of students = (2,2,3,...120) and n(A, ‘B=Setof sections = (P, QR, S} and n(B) Re.xRys“if the student x belongs to the section y". ()—Forevery student in A, there corresponds a unique class in B. Hence the relation defined {from A to Bas “xis related toy ifthe student x Delongs to the section y” isa function. 2 fisa fiction from AB, “The inverse relation is fl: BA isnot a function because every section in B willbe related to more than one student belongs to set A. C) srt if acne ~3 xt4 Uf -3n(B). Since n(A)=n(B, i is not possible to define function zoich snot ane to one but ent. (Gi) one-to-one but not onta, Its posible to define a one-to-one int futon froma set A to Bpnayen®), Heenan). Hae gg mipebtuapepece chabee AS Glo toe nd onto 21d) Let f= {(1,a), (2, 0), 3,0, 4.) 3 te ileal iote hath TAG Find the domain ofa Where detnnator is 0, 1=2sinx sin Yor) mene Daman is Rtn Possible x= 7 Find the largest possible domain of the real valwed leet | function, fo X values [a ‘Since A= x" is negation 2 VE—F is imaginary Ifxe Qand x>2 [fend x fo Ifx= 3and x= -3 Teds nok define “TState whether Oe following relations are functions oF wot. If it sa function chock for one-to-oneness andontoness.Ifitis nota function, state why? (IFA = [a,b land f=((a, 0) (6, 0. (@ Bh FAA). (i) IEX= (a, y, zp ana | OF GX). Solution (Let A=labsch A 2A 5 f= Mle 0, 0, (6D A a\ {rb ) Xe/ ¢ / And fis not an onto function asthe image ‘a fas no preimage. fis function. ‘But fis nota one to one function as the Jmage’e' has two pre images Band’. Ifs>3and xs Since x? = 978 negation 2 ARTS is imaginary For no real values of x, fx) is defined. Domain Ris Empty se (7 0. Find the range ofthe function, — = Scosx <1 =2S tcosx $2 Fs multiply by 2 3S 2cosx-1<1 |v Substracted by 1 mtestad ee fF Taking Reciprocals an both sides ULL.) ranges 9, Show that the relation xy =-2 is a function fora suitable domain. Find the domain and the range of the function. Solution : Let y = f(x) ==2. Then fc) is defined forall reat ‘mumibers except 0. Hence the domain of fa) isthe set of ll now ero-real numbers Suitable Domain is R-0}. “Also Raige is R-(0) TO figiR > R are defined by J) g@)= Ixl-x, find g 0fand fog. Solution sx) = |2/4x stile ale str =0ifrs 0 Te]+ x and That is fa) = reve2s x00 Nawjt [7250 diomnn==arifec0 maxed if x20 Nowgi= [RU AE etx <0 Then fog) Also soft) = gfs))=9(0"-200)=0 letx=0 Then fog) TY, g hare real valued functions defined on R, then prove that +g) oh = fo kts o h. What can you say about fo (g + l)? Justify your answer. Solution: To Prove (fg) oh =fok+ goh Proof: LHS (f+) 0 Lifes) = fests) Now forg +h) (g+IN(a)) fs) +h(x)) # figin)ftnQn) 2 fogs) + foutx) TRA ROR Is defined by fix) = 3x bijection and fied its inverse, prove that [isa Lety Now gi Sis V=Fsp fad gare biection and inverse to cchoter. fs bijective Hence fis bijection and f(y) = 2 Replacing y by x we get F!() T3.The weight of the muscles of a mans a function of his body weight x and can be expressed as Wx) = 0:362: Determine the domain of this function. Solution : x isthe boy weight of man Here body weight of man is not zero For all x>0; Wex) = 0:35x is defined. Domain is x20 je, (0,2) 14.The distance of an object falling is a function of time t ‘and can be expressed as s(t) = 168. Graph the function and determine if it is one-to-one. Solution. sf) = 168 Let sts) = 16422 Let s(t) = 16122 s(t) = s(t) 16 sthetorti ts Since time cannot be negative.Take tts “Hence itis one to one. t 0 T z 3 Fe 150| Th. The total cost of airfare on a given route 1s comprised of the base cost Cand the fuel surcharge S in rupee. Both Cand S are functions of the mileage m; C(m) = 0.4: + 50 ‘and S(on) = 0.03m. Determine a fusietion for the total cost of a ticket in terms of the mileage and find the airfare for flying 1600 mites. ‘Solution :Given cost function and fuel surcharge function are as follows: C(m) = 04m +50 and. S{) = 0.08. Total cost ofa ticket T(m) = e(m) + Sm) 4 +50 + 0.03 43.m +50 1600 43 (1600) +50 Rs, 738 TéA salesperson whose annual earnings can be represented by the function A(x) = 30,000.04, where xis the rupee value of the merchandise he sells. His son is also in sales and kis earnings are represented bby the function S(x) = 25,000 + 0.053. Find (A * Sx) and determine the total family income if they each sell Rupees 1,50,00,000 worth of merchandise. Solution Given A(x) = 30,000+0.04x, and Sta) = 25,000 + 0.05x (A¥S)(2)= AQ)S(2) = 30,000+0.04x + 25,000 + 0.05% (A4S)(3) = 55,000 + 009% 50,00,000 (A45)00) Given 000 + 0.09(1,50,00,000) Total Family Income 17-The function for exchanging American dollars for Singapore Dollar on a givem day is fix) = 1.232, where x represents the munber of American dollars. On the same day the function for exchanging Singapore Dollar to Indian Rupee is g(y) = 50.50y, tohere y represents the umber of Singapore dollars. Write a function which will ‘give the exchange rate of American dollars in terms of Iuiian rupee Solution :Given x is numberof American dollor. °F) is Singapore dolor. fe 23x, _yis the Singapore dollor. ‘g(9) ts Indian rupee aly iOy Now The fanction which will give the exchange rate of American dollars in Indian rupee f= gfe) (1.234) 5050(7.23x) = 62.115 gos) =62.115% Where xis American dalla gofts) is Indian Rupee Ta:The owner of a small restaurant can prepare a particular meal at a cost of Rupees 100. He estimates that if the mew price of the meal is x rupees, then the umber of customers ho will order that meal at that price in an evening is given by the function Dix) = 200-x. Express his day revenue, total cost and profit on this ‘meal as functions of x Solution : ‘Number of stoners Cost ofone meal Total Cost Revenue on one meal 200- Rs.100 Rs. 100200-x) (200) (200) ~ 100200) Rs (0-100 TT Jorma Jor converting rom Falrenat To eas temperate is yo = — 22, Find the inverse ofthis {function and deterine whether the inverse is also a function. Solution fegeo=fg0) =f {gof09)= Ie and fogs ‘This implies that fand gare tjetions, and inverse to cl other 20A siniple cipher takes a naiber and codes it using the {umction 0) = 3x4. Find the cere ofthis function, determine whether the inverse le aso afinction and erly the symmetrical property about the line y =x (Oy dranoing the ines) Solution se) = 3x-t=> [fcc 22 which is alsa function ied = yeas Let y r]o,7][2[a]2 vl+>a1[2 [7 [0 bet yo PV MATRIC HIGHER SECONDARY SCHOOL XI STD - MATHEMATICS - EXERCISE 1.4 T.For the curve y= given figure and draw the following fy =-2 (yarn (ii) y= -1 (iv)y = (e+ 19% with same seale. | y= +1 this isthe graph of fx) shifts tothe upward for one unit = x? +1 this is the graph of f(x) Y = (4 + 1)? it causes the graph of tits the downward fr ane wnt, _9=t0) shift othe et by one unt. Torin guencave yer Tuyo draw the fellowing graph. fy =-a6 y= O41 tiny 2-1 (y= cra ® To +1 it causes the graph of the shift upwards by a unit ya(eri 3 it thi 5) it causes the graph f(x) f(x) shift downwards by one unit. | Spitts to the left by ome unit, 3. Graph the functions f¢ Well. Explain your results. Solution : (Fog)(2) = f(9(2)) Gof)x) = a(f@) Sand gb "UF on the same coordinate plane. Find fo gand graph it on the plane as Where fog(x) = gof(x) =x so that (i) fog is bijective ) both f(x) and g(x) also bijective fand g are symmetrical about 44. Write the steps to obtain the graph of the function y=3(x — 1)? + 5 from the graph y = =", olution: Step ‘Step2 Step Step 4 Draw the graph of y= 2" | y=(x—1)causes the shift | y=3(e— D)*stretches yas — D+ 5 causes the ‘to the right to the one towards y axis since shift to the left by 5 units. unit, multiply factor is 3, which greater than 1, x | ene 5, From the curvey = + graph the functions ) y= sin(a) (i) y=-sinta) ii) y= sin +x) ( sing! ~ x) which is also cosx (refer trigonometry ) Solution: (i) sin(-x) = sin(-x) x| 2 ran x| 2 | vio 7h fo vba ta (ey) _y=sin® x 7], = = eTol =e ole l= ep] |x] | = [| -F]o]s |= 21 Tho Tapo a draw ()y=-x_(ii)y=2x (iif) +1 Gu)yeher Wyaty+3eo, 0 y= Waxtyt3e0. 7.From the curve y= |x|, draw (i) y= |x-1| + 1 (ii)y = [x44] -1 (ili) y = |x+2]-3. = xl, @y=lx-21+1 x [2-4 z x | 2 [a0 [a [2 yb 2 yoo a y x= 11 shift to the right \x-1| +1 shifts upwards fi)y = [x+i]-1 Gi) y = [x+2]-3. x | 2a Toya: xX [2a [oe] y y3 > 2 > 4 10 tt 2 1 \x-+1] shift to the left y=|x+1|—1 shifts downwards y= be+2| shift to the left y= |x+2|~3 shifts downwards 8.From the curve y = sin x, draw y= sin |x| (Hint: sin(-x) = -sinx). sinx : = lo)=)e1= x] | -= |-*[-S]o] 2] =| =] vyLo La teta tei tetato . T y = sing Qn -3n/2 WN -a/2— | a\_ 3/2 i ae Se ba eae Now y=Sin Ix] ;Weknow that IxI={% U7 72_ NowSinixi={sin én ip yco y=sin |x| Now y=Sin |x|; We know that |x|={* ee an | |-a]-2 ABE (Sinx ifx>0 x|2e_|-4 a an] Nowsinx (ety eco Tha h-hh eto y 3 y=sin|x| I -2/2 0/2 @\_ 32/2 {a PV MATRIC HR. SEC. SCHOOL MATHEMATICS - XI STD EXERCISE 2.1 1, Classify each element of [V7,=,0,3.14,4,2jasa member of NQ.R-Q or Z. @ VF eR-@ @ ee did €2,0 (314 €Q @4en.z.0 wo ZeQ {Prove that (3 isan irational number: Solution: Suppose that VF is a rational number. = m_{ where mand nare postive integers with Let B= [xo common fatrsgreater than (n #0) 0 Since 3n? is divisible by 3itshows that m? is multiple of 3. ‘Also mis multiple of 3. So that m ~ 3k (kis any constant) a) = ‘Since 34? is divisible by 3,;t shows that n? is multiple of 3, nalso multiple of 3, So that n =I (lis any constant ) It follows, that m and n are having a common factor 3, Thus, we arrived at a contradiction. Hence, ¥3 is an irrational number. 3. Are there two distinct irrational numbers such that their difference is a rational number? Justify. Solution : Let atvB & c+VB RQ Difference = (a+VB) -(c + VB) = atvb~cVB~ ac €Q So that difference between two distinct irrational numbers aay be a rational number. “Find two irrational numbers such that thelz sum isa rational number. Can you find two irational numbers ‘whose product isa rational number. Solution let 44vZ & 4-v7 eR = GND +(4-¥D) = 4tV3+4—VB=8 €Q So that sum of two Aisttac traitonnl mombery may be rational zabers (Let 42 & 4-v2 ERO Product = (142) (4~ V2) = G} - (V2)? = 16-4126 Q So that Product of two distinct irrational numbers may be ‘Sum 5. Find a positive number smaller thant. Just Solution 1000 < 1001 ood eet Hence a positive number smaller than — EXERCISE 2.2 |Lsolve for x ()I8-a1<7 [axi<7 B-K<7 BEX “ext x4 = -4exc10 (ii) [ax - 5] 2-2 Solution [> Multiply by -1 x5] 2-2 Forall the values of x, [4x ~ 5] is positive ie, ¥ xeR [4x ~ 5] 2-2 “xeR will satisfy the above inequation. fe atuepty by $ [+ Multiply by — (iwyix) 10.73 Solut ikl —10<-3 [a] <—3+10 lake? exe? Solve =, < Gand express the solution wing the interval notation. Solution 3. Solve-3|x| #5 —2 and graph the solution set in a ‘number line, Solution : 3|x|45<-2 3|x|s-25 -3ix|5-7 31x12 7 [+ Multiply by -1 Ixi2d ‘TSolve2|x+1|-62 7 and graph the solution set ina ‘number line. Solution 2|xt1|-657 2|xt#1|< 746 2|xel| 13 SSolve #]10x-2| <1. Solution : 3uor-2).<4 [10x ~ 2] <5 $< 1x2 <5 542< 10x <542 3<10r<7 6. Solve [sx~ 12) <—2 Solution : sx - 12) <-2 Absolute value cannot be in negative, So x does not have any suitable solution to satisfy the above inequation, _Xhas no solution, EXERCISE 2.3 1. Represent the foll notation: Question Interval Notation (a) ze =tandx <4 x eit (b) x2 Sandx>—3 x eC35] 2Solve 23x < 100 when (i) xis a natural number, (ii) xis an integer. Solution: Bx < 100 ()——Ifxisa natural number x= (123, 4) Gi) Ifxisanintegerx=[ ..4-3-2-10,23) 3. Solve -2x 5 9 when (i) xis areal number, Gi) xis an integer, (ii) xis a natural number. Solutio “eB x<9 (i) Ifxisteal number xe (-,-2] (i) Hfxisanintege 765} Uxisa natural number x has no solution, = 9(r-2) < 25(2-x) = 9x 18.5 5025" Bx £68 3K $68 x52 Ansixe(-»,2] 325 —2) < 34-24 310 2r< 3x24 34<5r a5x>M Ans: xe (2,2) Bro secure A grade one must obtain an average of 90 marks or more in 5 subjects each of maximum, 100 marks. If one scored 84, 87, 95, 91 in first four subjects, what is the minimum mark one scored. in the fifth subject to get A grade in the course? Solution: ‘Marks in first four subjects are 84, 87, 95, 91 Let Marks in fifth subject be "x" Average mark = = From given data required inequation ta score A grade S290 3574x 2 450 X 2450-357 X23 Minimum marks to score in filth subject for getting A. Grade is 93, ‘6.A manufacturer has 600 litres of a 12 percent solution of acid. How many litres of a 30 percent acid solution must be added to it so that the acid content in the resulting mixture will be more than 15 percent but less than 18 percent? Solution: (xe -lorr<3 (2,3) (d)-2x>Oorax-4<11 x 10 mn a also given that their sum is less than 40, x (012) <40 2x+2 <40 X <38 x <19 from (1) and @) 495 -SEH1O0E > 495 p+ 1008-495 > 0 = + 5e-100t+495 <0 20+ 99 <0 (9-1) <0 9 120 50) > 120 —70x 500 >50x wo>x For less than 10 working hours, ist scheme gives better wages. 11. A and B are working on slat [obs bod thelr annual salaries differ by more than Rs 6000. 1B 27000 per month, then what are the po salary per month? Solution: B's Monthly Salary Let A’s Monthly Salary =x Difference in Annual Income = 6000 Rs Difference in monthly salary = $2 = 500 Required linear inequation s 1's Slary-B' Salary > 500 [x-27000| > 500 x= 27000 > 500 +-27000<500 327500 «26500 Possible Salary ofA is ether less than 26500 or more than 27500 . Which gives more than 6000 difference in annal EXERCISE 2.4 1.Construct a quadratic equation with roots 7 and -: Solution: ethod 1 : Factors of quadratic equation is (-7) & (x+3) Required quadratic Equation is (x-7)(x+3)=0 NE Tx#3x-21-0 X42 Method 2: Sumof factors =74(3)=4 Product of factors = 7x (3) =-2 Required quadratic Equation is 2-6 RjxtP.R- polynomial. Always irrational roots occur in conjugate pairs 1f14V5 isa soot then 1-¥5 also a soot to the equation. Sum of roots = Ly + Lv5=2 = (4+Y5)(1-V5) <1 Required Quadratic polynomial P(x) = KG24SR)tP-R) PQ) = koe 2-d) — (1) Product of roots, Also given PQ) PC) = K(1)*2(1)-4)=2 = k= 2) = Poy == 268-24) 3.16 a and f are the roots of the quadratic equation x? 4-Y2x +3 = 0, form a quadratic polynomial with ‘Solution: ‘and i are the roots of the quadratic equation xt yie+3=0. Required quadratic polynomial is. eBa()=0 > 24 Bet (Q=0 Bx? + V2e+ “Hone root of k(x- 1)? = 5x-7 is double the other root, show that k= Solution: or-25. Koc 12 = 5x -7 Woe (2k45)x+(+7)=0 from given data if « isa root then 24 is another root of Kae (2k45)x4(k4+7)=0 Where Sum of roots «+2 2¢ake + 20k + 25) = 9k 8k? + 40k +50 = 942 + 63k “k= 23k + 50= 0 k2 + 23k 50 (k2)125) ox Hence proved Tf the difference ofthe roots of the eau 2x:- (a+ I)x +a-1= 0 is equal to their product, then prove that a=2. Solution: «and f are the roots of the quadratic equation ae (at Ixta1 Here a+ p= 22 aan From given data Difference ofthe roots = product ofthe roots ie, @-B=ap Now (@~ fi) = (af)* (a+ 6) ~408= (af* 6. Find the condition that one of the roots of ax + bx + c may be (i) negative of the other, (Gi) thrice the other, (ii) reciprocal of the other Let the roots negative of other ice, the roots @ and - a. Now Sum= a+ (-a) 2 Let the roots is thrice the other. ice, the roots @ and3 a. Now Sum= a+ 3a 4 Product = « (3a) Let the roots is reciprocal ofthe other, ice, the roots a and 7. Ifthe equations -axtb = 0 and s+-ex+f=0 have oni root in common and if the second equation has equal roots, then prove that ae = 2{b + f). Sento) @&a are the roots oF (ll) Where roots of (ll) are equal ‘Sum a7 =S2a=0 Producta.a 2a=f @ & fare the roots of (I) Where a is the common root of (l)& Ul Toprove:_ac=2(b+f) [> From (2) (2) From @)& 4) Hence Proved! =o, (i) 92-x-2=0, Solutio B—4ae & Sign O-«DD -oH=13 Positive Nature Of roots Real & Distinct (Jott axe1=0 aa 1482-33 Positive Real & (itx2-x-2=0 pata er Gy &) Stet aq y= Malipy by 4 a? +2a41-8(a-1) =a’ -2a41 @+2a+1-8a+8 =a'-2a+1 eveo ss a=? Hence proved. O-9O | Reate Gi)92 + 5e=0 pie Positive 9.Without sketching the graphs, find whether the graphs of the following functions will intersect the x-axis and if so in how many points. (i) y= 2+ x+2, il) y= XE-3x-7, iil) y= H+ 6 +9, Solution: Results on Intersection Ofxaxis Values of abe bt 4ac & Sign GF="@ | does not meet x-axis @ Negative rye (is 9+28 Positive intersects = axis at two points ant b=6 “9 Touches x (iidy=22 + 6x+9 axis at one point EXERCISE 2.6 01.Find the zeros of the polynomial function 2, thon find the other roots of equation. Soluti By the synthetic division “1-17-22 622 ar [0 ‘complete square form, EXERCISE 2.5 1 Solve 2¢+x-15 <0. The critical points are-3 and 5/2 Sign of (3) Interval Senne =a Other two roots are 2 and -Nat + =0 Ge D@r= Dar+4) X=-2, x= other two roots are complex roots, UE Solve @x+aF-(Gx+ 2 =O Solution: Ox+1P-Gx+2 {2x + 1)4(x + 2) (2x -#1)-3x+2))=0 [rat —08 = a+ (a-D)| 6x43) (21) = 2 and x=-1 are the required roots. Xe [-32]issotsfies 20 +x-15 <0 Toone aNOESY Critical number are 1,2 sient | ea Tay = = a, + z Ga) + + ——orininiitte, ____ Interval X€ [1,2] is satisfies -x¢+3n-220 EXERCISE 2.7 1. Factorize: x4 + 1. (Hint: Try completing the square) ‘Solution: xri-0 (et 42x84 —2e? G+? (Vix) (2414 Vix) (x? +1- Vix) =0 (24 V2e+ 1) (x2 - VBx+1) Dine +x7 Tis a factor of the polynomial 3x! + 8x + 8x + a then find the value of a Soluti ax 45 Pextie + OF e+ at 3x Bat EXERCISE 2.8 1L¥ind all values of x for which: Solution: @=-1)| Pe-D | (2 PHY 0, x = Do (x= 1)=0 = Dorset nl #2 Ee @r-3) <0 ndx# Zand x +4 (e-e=4) ecajcre2) 2x, Ge=sycce3) = 2 andx#-3,275 Intervals | cr=20142) | = Dee43) Tay + a2 + 2: 5) + Oin (3-2) 23) EXERCISE 2.10 Determine the region in the plane determined by the inequalities: Lx y-E x [To Ts a pining the points and to get x=3y Loty=x x [0.7 y [0 [4 Joining the points (0) and (1,1) to get x=y lege edna 1 iz 1 i All the points above the x < 3y and all the points below x > y is required region. Darkly shaded area will represents the solution set of the given linear inequalities 2 yea, —mx+3ys6 Solution: Let y=2x By joining (0,0) and (1,2) we get y=2x Let -2x#3y=6 By Joining (0,2) and (3,0) we get -2x+3y Allthe points above the y > 2x. and all the points below ~2x + 3y < 6 is required region. Daskly shaded area will represents the solution set of the given linear inequalities. 3 asye 45 xE0, p50 Soluti xo Ts Let 3x#5y-45 By joining (0,9) o[o and (15,0) we get x+5y=45. x= O represents y axis; and y=0 represents x axis, |All points bounded above x=0, y=0 and 3x+5y=45 is required region Darkly shaded area will represents the solution set of the given linear 4 2etByS35 x25, y22 Solutio Let 2x13y=35. xis By joining Nand (swe FTE get 243935 Draw x-5 and y-2 y ? 0 2x + 3y = 35 ‘ All points bounded between x=5, y=2 and 2x+3y=35 is required region. . Darkly shaded area will represents the solution set ofthe piven linear inequalities Baeays6, xtayst =O, y=0 Solution: Let 2x+3y=6 x Jo 1s By joining (0.2) and 3,0) weget — [yao Det Let xtdyad xo [a By joining (0) and (4,0) we get [y [1 [0 xty=d, y 4 3 All points bounded between x=0, y=0,,x+4y=4 and 2x+3y=6 is required region. Darkly 3 represents the solution set ofthe given linear inequalities ded area will 6 x2yE0, 2x-ys-2, x20, y20 Solution x-2y=0; By joining (00), (21)and_ [XTo]2]4 (42) to get x-2y=0.. ylo}1 [2 2e-y=2; by joining (0,2), O and b + 1. Express y = b*in logarithmic form, Also state the domain and range of the logarithmic function. Solution : logarithmic form + log y Domain xeR Range =) 2. Compute logs 27 — Solution: logs 27 log2, 9. logs 3° > 3 logs3 [= Power rule = 3log, 9° = Flog, 9 = iog.27 = 3 logas 9 oar? = | Now log ‘Solve loge x + log, x + log, olution logs + logy + log, x = 11 yy tay inet + ogee * Tog = ions * fogs * joss? ey ‘Flog? * Togs? * fogs? 227 ~ loge, 9 gal T Solve Tog, 2” Solution Jog, 2 8x log, 2 Br % lage = Bt08? 4x 5. Ifa? + b? = 7ab.Show that log ("| Solution Given a? +b? Adding 2ab on both sides a+b? + 2ab Toga og) Hence Proved. 6Prove that log® + log + logs Solution: ke ee ar 5 a a logge + logs + log =log( Toe tee) log 7Prove that log? + 16 log’ + 12 log = +7 logs Solution: LAS: 16 25 81 log2 + 16 log 55+ 12logs7 +7 log loge ta (js) + ws() + = 92+ wig Ey") ] : YG) @)| ‘SProvelog,s a log: bloga c Solution : LHS log,: «logy: blogs = tt at Togs Tone 2 |RHLS} Hence proved. aPrwengatugepagels Solution : LH.S :loga + loga? + loga® + ~ = loga + 2loga +3 loga ++... +nloga =loga (142434 ~-..4n] loga [R.H.S] Hence Proved. ‘then prove that xyz=1 loge Salut veto = a] Now logy loge = hse hy kynha the he they Given lg, x= 310g. re30 T2Solve logs_,(7 — 6x + 65) Salam: logs-r(2* ~ 6x + 65) x? — 6x +65 = (5—x)* x= 6x465 = 25—10x+x? P.V MATRIC HR. SEC. SCHOOL MATHEMATICS - XI STD EXERCISE 3.1 4. Identify the quadrant in which an angle of each given (Gv) 328° (v) 230° 2 isin quadrant wa = (2x360°)4105° isin Im Quadrant i) 35" “5 isin Ve Quadrant (is) 325° 32 isin Ve Quadrant (a sind +b cos 6)? = a? +b? -c? a sind +b cos0 = VE FOE Hence Proved Tifsind + cos = m, show that cos® 8 + sin’ @ = Solution : LHS cos* 0+ sin®@ = (cos? 6) + (sin? )* = (0340+ sin®9)* —3sin? 9 cos! 0 (cost + sin?) [ea 45? = (@4)?—30b(a+b) cos 0+sin®@ =1-3sin*@ cos?@ (1) RHS 4-3(m?~1)? 4-2,(sin0s absee9— betand xa absecd+ adtand subtracting above two = be tan ~ad tan = betand +ad tan = tan a(be + ad) = ac ~ b* aco GeF ad) (rd = ad seco ~ cd tand Q)xcs besecO+ cd tand Adding above two ad sec 0 + be sec = sec8 (ad + be) ) - ey = (ac-v?* (adtbor (bd- cy ey (ad Foe? (bd— 62)? ~ (ac ~ b?? = (ad + bo)? (bd = 62)! = (ad + be)? + (ac ~ 62)? (ade bor 1 ‘Solution Let r be the radius. 5, Find the degree measure of the angle subtended at the centre of circle of radius 100 em by an arc of length s*22cm 7 i00 = radians 22° 30 _ z2x300%7 _ 00 * “m= 00x22 = 126° ="12°36" ‘6.What is the length of the arc intercepted by a central angle of measure 41° in a circle of radius 10 ft? Soluti Given @=41° and r=10ft ; We have to convert @ in radian measure, 7ilfin two circles, arcs of the same length subtend angles 60° and 75° at the centre, find the ratio of their radii Solution ‘Angle subtended at centre First circle ‘Second Circle rim Sot B The perimeter of acerlain sector ofa cicle Is equal to the length of the arc of a semi-circle having the same radius. Express the angle of the sector in degrees, minutes and seconds. és © Perimeter ofthe séctor = length of ac of semi circle rertr= nr 2r+10.= ar 24050 x-2 2B~2=S radians "ax awox7 _ 720 5. An aliplane propeller rotates 1000 times per minute. Find the number of degrees that a point on the edge of the propeller will rotate in 1 second. Solutio No of rotation per mimute = 1000 = x 360 = 6000° No of rotation pe second ~ 222 = 2 rotations 10. A train is moving on a circular track of 1500 m radius] at the rte of 66 knyhn. What angle will it turn in 20 seconds? Solution Length covered in 1 hr By the trait Length covered in (60x60) see sox60 Length covered in 1 sec Length covered in 20 sec = $2222 Angle made in 20 sec @ = = ay radians 1100 3 180 100" @ 6 @ 180x7 TIA circular metallic plate of radius 8 cm and thickness} 6 mm is melted and molded into a pie (a sector of the circle with thickness) of radius 16 cm and thickness 4 mm. Find the angle of the sector. Solution Let r= Radius of circular metallic plate r= Radius of the sector Volume ofthe circular plat 7,2 x thickness = n@xS=CPaxs OAnx 6 =1280x4 ORK 6 2 a1 950 O = exe sg (Or)135" ‘olume of the sector 6 x thickness P.V MATRIC HR. SEC. SCHOOL MATHEMATICS - XI STD EXERCISE 3.3 4L.Find the values of the following angles. (sin(480"7)__] = sin(360" + 120 = sin 120° = sin (180 = sin 60° 60)" 3, Find the values of other five trigonometric functions for the following; (eos 0 = — 20 les nthe 111 quadrant y-v3_—adjs:x-1_ hyp: -2 In ll quadrant only tand and cot will positive (ASTC rule) cose 6 psec (i sin(—11107) | > —sin 110° = ~ sin(3x360° + 30°) = -sin30" 1 Tacos(s00") | > cos (360° 60) = cos 60° 1 (ejtan(0s0°) |= tan(@xs60"+ 330) = tan 330° > tan (360 30°) = -tan 30° zi = cot(ix360" + 300% = cot 300° = cot(270° + 30°) = ~tan30° =~ = tan 19x60)" = tan 140° = tan (3x360° + 60°) = tan 60° = V3 (vi tan (22) = sin(—11x60" = ~sin (660°) = ~sin(1x360°+ 300°) = ~sin 300° = ~sin(360° — 60°) a (viisin(—22) = sin 660") = ~(-sin60" inoor = 3 as 5145 adjs:x-2 hyp:-3 In I quadrant only all functions will positive (ASTC rule) c y2 adjsix-V5_hyp:3 InIV quadrant only cos 6 & sec @ will positive (ASTC rue) "Bisa point onthe terminal side ofan angle @ in standard postion, Determine the trigonometric function Walues of aigle 0. Solution singe H(2, 24) angle 8 OB = 08 + AB OB OA? + AB? = [6 +e opposite side ‘hypotenuse Adjacent side Hypotenuse isthe point on the terminal side of an opposite side tan = cajacent side Sinitaly coseC 8 = "mj (vtano A lies in the IT quadrant Where 12/3749 == Vee = V5 adjs:x=1 hyp In Il quadrant only sin @ & cosec @ wil positive (ASTC rle (seco =! oles inthe V quadrant Where x? 9" F=H = VOTH w TAT = 12 os :y=12 adjsix5 hyp:13 InIV quadrant only cos @& sec 0 will positive (ASTC rule) Solution cot(180° + 8) sin(90°~ 8 cos(-6) = ssin(270° + 8) tan(-6) = ~tan6 1 cose (360° + 8) = cosee = $236 cos6 cos me 0086 358 Tt = cos? 8 cot8 RS: Hence proved Tind all the angles between 0" and 360° which satisfy, the equation sin? @ =? Solution: sint a =2 sno Case (i):sing =4 60° and 120° 0<4< 180" Where 240° and 300° 180 < 0 < 360° 7 Prove that sin™ 2 + sin? +sin = + sin Sotution: LHS 2 int ™ 4 int 7 4 sind = sin? 4 sin? + sin? + sin? 3 sony Oe 0 a 0) «se (Ex2) ne P29) sin?(10°) + sin#(20°) + sin*(70°) + sin?(80°) (sin 10°)? + (sin 20°)? + (sin 70°)? + (sin 80°)? in (90 — 10)°)* + (sin (90 ~ 70)°)* + (sin 70°)* + (sin 80°)* ‘cos 80°)? + (cos 70°)? + (sin 70°)? + (sin 80°)* “0s 80°)? + (sin 80°)? + (cos 70°)? + (sin 70°)* -0s* 80 + sin* 80 + cos* 70 + sin* 70 2[ HS] Hence Proved D Basic sin® 0+ cox'@ Jb Sums and Differences of ang silat A) = sinacorP + eosasia sina) = sinacon p-cosesin cose + 8) = cosecos p-sinasin caf) = eosacosp +sinasing tuna tan tana tn fh anlar tania A) EVEN/ODD IDENTITIES DOUBLE ANGLE IDENTITIES sin(26) = 2sind cos c0s(26) = cos*@ sin? = 2cos?6-1 ~2sin? @ tan(2s) = 7S ant?) = Tan 6 > Triple Angles sin sind — asin" cos 405° — 30050 3tand = tan" 13nd PRODUCT TO SUM IDENTITIES 1an30 a sinasinf = $[eos(a—f)— costa +6)] cos acos = ${eos(a—B) + costa +6)] sinacos 6 = Hsia +) + sina —6)] cos asin = sin(a + 6) ~ sin(a ~6)] SUMO PRODUCT IDENTITIES : ate sina + sing = 2sin(“$*)cos( ath sina ~ sing = 200e( sii LAW OF COSINES, b? +c? 2becosa # +c? — 2accos f ? +b? — 2abcosy LAW OF SINES sina _sing _siny ab Exercise 3.4 1. nx 15 rn ® I sinx = and cosy=—5> O 4 cos x=—— 5 «cos (x—y) = cos x cosy +sin xsiny aI) -(-3(-3) 3) 25, 8 72 _100_ 4 qos 7125" 125" 5 Scanned by CamScanner 24 i 8 oF wail cay with w _ 2 sin15°cosi5° Product of the roots = sin 15° cos 15°= —"7-> SOS'5" 2 sin30° 1 [since sin2.A i 7 ame = 2sinA cosa | (™Ultiplied and dividec Scanned by CamScanner + Required equation is 7 x? —x (sum of the roots) + product of the roots = v6) 1 2_,{¥6), 129 = ef Sed Multiplying by 4 we get 4x? -2V6x+1=0. tu cos 0 4b Hien Cone, 8. Expand cos (A+B+ ©). Hence prove that cos A cos B cos C = sin sin A cos B, ifA+B+C= a tr Solution: GivenA+B+C= 5 = cos (A+ B+ C)=cos = => cos(A+B+C) = 0. paid A+B+C) = cos (A+B) cos C—sin (A+B) sin ; ; - : = crc fer AcesB-snAsinB)-sinC HA. B 00 ASinB) ~ cas cos B os Cn sin B 0s C sin. 08 B sin © 084 sin ‘ 0 = cos A cos B cos C~ sin A sin B cos C sin A cos B sin C ~ cos A sin Bs +: Cos A cos BcosC = sin Asin B cos C + sin Acos B sin C + cos A sin B sinC Hence proved. 9. Prove that @ sin (45° +0)—sin (45°- 0) = V2 sino Gil) sin 0" + 0) + cos (60° + 6) Solution : @® sin (45° + 6) ~sin (45°- 0) = V2 sino LHS = = sin (45° + @)~sin (45°— 0) = sin 45 cos 8 + cos 45 sin 0 - [sin 45 cos 8 ~ cos 45 sin 6] 1 1 poet Fy sind F004 sind " 2sin@ V2 _2v2sind@_ op “ER = 2 siné=RHS Hence proved. (i) __ sin (30° + 6) + cos (60° + 0) LHS = sin (30° + 6) + cos (60° + 6) = sin 30 cos @ + cos 30- sin 8 + cos 60 cos 1 Bod iB 1 1 2 ems sin+ cos in = 5 £050+ cos = 8 = cos = LHS ~sin 60 sin Hence proved. 10. I a cos (x+y) =b e08 (c— ), show that (a+ b) tan x= (a~ B) cot» Solution : Given aos (x+y) = beos (xy), Sa lcosxcosy-sinxsiny] = b [cosx cos y+ sin x sin y] F deosxcosy—asinxsiny = beos xcos y+b sin x-siny Scanned by CamScanner = (a—b)cosxeosy = (a+5)sinxsiny = ons sey Lg +S iny = o- be coty = (a+ 5) tan.x=Hence proved. 11. prove that sin 105° + cos 105°= cos 45° in 105° + cos 105° sin (60 + 45°) + cos (60 + 45°) = sin 60 cos 45 + cos 60 sin 45 + cos 60° cos 45° — sin 60° sin 45° ait #3 222 2 3. = E =cos45° = RHS Hence proved. 12. Prove that sin 75° — sin 15° = cos 105° + cos 15°. Solution : LHS = sin 75°~sin 15° sin (90 — 15°)—sin 15° = cos 15° — sin 15° RHS = cos 105° + cos 15° = cos (90 + 15°) + cos 15° = —sin 15° + cos 15° = cos 15° ~ sin 15° «LHS = RHS 0 Hence proved. 13. Show that tan 75° + cot 75°= 4 Solution : Consider tan 75° = tan (45° + 30°) _ tan 45°4-tan30° © T= tan 45°-tan30° 1 tan 75° scot 7” = Gn75° W341 tan 75° + cot 75° Now,LHS = +1, V1 = Bel * Br (Sx +082) 341423 4341-23 © RTE ty OF 209 Scanned by CamScanner 14, Prove that cos (A+ B) cos C— cos (B + C) cos A= sin B sin (C — A) : s +B) cos C—cos (B+ C) cos A Seton’ “ = toon cos * sin A sin B) cos C ~ cos A (cos B cos C ~ sin B sin C) = cosA cos B cosC-sinA sinB cosC—cosA oSB cosC +cos A sink, = cos Asin B sin C—sin A sin B cos C = sin B (cos A sin C— sin A cos C) = sin B (sin C cos A—cos C sin A) = sin B+ sin(C-A) = RHS Hence proved. 15. Prove that sin (m+ 1) 6 sin (n— 1) + cos (n+ 1) 0 cos (n~ 1) 0= cos 20, n € Z. Solution ; LHS = sin (n+ 1) 0 sin (a 1) 0 + cos (n+ 1) cos (n- 1) 0,n€ Z. = eos [(n + 1) 8~(n—-1)0] [¥ cos (A ~ B) = cos A cos B + sin = cos [n0 + 6 —n8 + 0] = cos 20 = RHS, n © Z, A=(n+1)0, B=( Hence proved 16. Ifx cos ®=y cos (o-22)=2 om (0%) oa the value of xy + yz + cx. Solution : Letxcos0 = ycos (0425) =:e (0-42) =2 3 a uy AL en(0+22) and Pacos(orat : 3 Z 3 wAyk yh x z see ssbsco(042%) +s0(0+42) 608 8 + cos (120-+) + cos (240 +6) Sos} * £05 120 cos 0 - sin 120 sin 8+ cos 240 cos sin 240 sin 0 - 280 £08 60 cos 0—sn 60 sin sin 30 0s 04 cos 30 eng = coset 3 no! 3 cos 2O- sin cs04 4 sing t : ~ 080-5080 1 cos [' “88 1B) C05 A cos B sin Ast = 0s 0-cosa=9 = ee 80-60) caf, i 5 ese!) -pi(zt2)., fete a ae Sin 240° = sin (279 ~ 39) = sin 60 =—cos 30 = Scanned by CamScanner is eve that } wm sin (t B) sin (A~ B) = sin?A ~ sin?B, ( a sin?(A + B) —sin?(A — B) = sin 2Asin 2B cos(A + B) cos(A~ B) = cos? A-sin? B= cos? B dv) cos 80 cos 20= cos? 50 sin? 30 golutlon * (_ sin(A+B) sin (A~B)= sla? ~sin?B. LHS (A+B) sin(A-B) [sin A cos B+ cos A sin B] [sin A cos B- cos A sin B] = sin?A cos*B ~ cos?A sin?B = sin®A (1 ~ sin®B) - (I ~sin®A) sin°B sin? A~sin? A si B=sin’® B+sin?A sit“B sin?A ~ sin?B = RHS Hence proved. (i) cos(A+ B) cos(A~ B) = cos? A-sin? B= cos? B= sin? A LHS cos (A+ B) cos (AB) [cos A cos B = costa cos*B -sin?A sin’B 082A (1 = sin?B) ~ (1 ~ c0s?A) sin?B £. (a+) (a-b) =P ~ sin A sin B] [cos A cos B+ sin A sin B] wl) = cos?A ~ c0s?A sin?B ~ sin?B + cos?A sin’B = cos?A- sin’B (2) From (1), LHS cos?A cos*B ~ sin"A sin’?B (1 -sin’A) cos*B ~ sin?A (1 - c0sB) = cos?B ~ sin?A cos*B~ sin’A + sin?A cos’B = cos’B-sin?A Q) From (2) and (3), : cos (A+ B) cos (A~ B)= costA~ sin?B = cos"B ~ sin’B Hence proved. Gi) sint(a-+-B)—sin?(A—B)=I8 2A 2B ae LHS = sin?(A+B)~ sin?(A~B) © gin(At B+A~B)sin (AF B-A+B) [using ()] = sin (2A), sin @B)=RHS. Hence proved. th) c0s8 6 cos 2.0 = cos? 50sin? 30 os250~ sin?30 : 30)[:« Form (i) cos*B — sin’A = cos (A+B) cos (A~B)] RHS = = cos (50 +38) cos (60- cos 80 cos20 = LHS v Hanna nenved. Scanned by CamScanner 18. Show that cos?A + cos'B — 2 cos A.cos B cos (A+B) = sin? (AFB) LHS = cos?A + (1 ~ sin?B) ~ 2 cos A cos B- cos (A + B) cos A cos B- cos (A+ BY fe cos? Asin? = 05 (4, =cos*A ~ sin?B + | = cos (A + B) cos (A —B)+ 1 -2c0s Acos B- 08 (+B COS(Ad; = cos (A + B) [cos (A- B) 2cos A cos B] + 1 = £08 (A+B) [cos A cos B + sin A sin B 2 cos A 608 BI * ! = cos (A +B) [sin A sin B— cos A cos B] + | = ~cos (A+ B) [cos A cos B -sin A sin B] + 1 = cos (A+B) cos (A+B) +1 =—cos*(A +B) +1 = 1 ~cos? (A+B) =sin? (A+B) =RHS Hence proved. a+ sinp+ 19. If cos (a— B) + cos (By) + cos (y —a)= 5° then prove that cos a+ cos B+ COSY Solution : Given cos (a ~ B) + cos (B~ y) + cos (ya) = > a+sin asin y= Niw = cos. acos B + sina sin + cos fi cos y + sin sin y + cos 7 cos 2 [eos a cos f+ cos fi cosy + cos y cos a+ sin a sin fi +sin B sin y+ sin a sin y] = ~3 = = — (2.cos acos f+ 2 cos f cos y + 2.cos 7 cos a) + (2 sin a sin B +2 sin sin y +2 sin 7 sina) => — (2.cos a cos B +2 cos cos y +2 cos y cos a) + (2 sina sin B +2 sin B sin y + 2 sinys (cos’a + sin?a) + (cos?B + sin?B) + (cos?y + sit => — (cos’a + cosP + cos?y +2 cos a cos B + 2 cos B cos y +2 cos y cos a) + (sin2a + sin’p + sin) sin a sin B +2 sin B sin y + 2 sinysi = (cos a+ cos B+ cos y)* + (sina + sin B + sin 7)?=0 => cosatcos B+ cosy =0 and sin a+ sin + sin y= 0. 20, Show that 1+tanA @ tan (45°+A)= Tana (i) tan (45°— A) 1-tana 1+tanA Solution : iatenK . @ tan (45°+A)= LHS = tan(4s¢+ay= ln45°+tanA 1+ tana I-tan45°-tanA ‘tana. RHS. Hence proceed [estan 45°= 1) " (i) tan (45°+A)= tan (45°—A)= 12045°—tanA 1 tan a LHS 1+tan45°-tan A. “ T¥tana = RAS Hence proved Scanned by CamScanner cot AcotB-1 1, Prove that cot (A+B) = . cot A +cotB 1 mA tanB. tan(A+B) tanA+tanB tanA+tanB I-tan A tan B LHS = cot(A+B)= lution = 141 _ cot A cot _ cotA cotB~-1 /cotB+cotA 1 1 cotA cotB / cotA cotB 4 cotA cotB _ cotA cotB-1 cot cotB _ cotA cotB=1 = = =RHS. Hence proved. -cotAcotB cotA+cotB cot A+cotB n If tan x= —— and tany= 2. aH ny Fear’ ind tan &+y)- slution : Given tan x= —"— and tan y= al ntl 2n+1 te ee 1=tanx-tany nd n+l 2n+l Qn tntndl /(n+))Qnt+)—-n ~ (al 1 ) (nt DQn+)/ (+IQntl) n+1)\2n41 Qn?+2n+1 —_ 2n'+2n41_ Qn tnt2n+l—n 2nh+2n+1 1 stan(xty) = 1 3. Prove that tan (E+9) tan (+0) =-1 3n elution ; LHS =tan (+8) ‘aii (= +0) tan (45 +6) tan (135° + 8) = tan (45 + 8) tan (180-45 +8) tan (45 + 8) tan (180 — (45-8) in (45 + 0) (-tan (45 - 6)) tan (45 + 6) tan (45-0). aes) 1-tan45tan@ (eee 1-tan 6 || 1+tan@ 1 =RHS. Hence proved. Scanned by CamScanner 8 24. Find the values of tan (ct +), given that cot a=} ae (12) ana sec B=-5 Be (E). Solution ; Since ae (=) aalies in II quadrant So, only tan a and cot a are positive Also Be (E-x). Blies in IT quadrant So only sin B and cosec B are positive. Given cot a= 1 2 V2 +P =V5 Now, tan (a+ B) 25. If@ += and tan 6 =k. tan 6 then prove that sin (0 $) = o sino. + Solution : Given 8+ = aandtanO=ktano t an@ = ktang s fan _ k= Sin@cos _k tang cos8-sing 1 sin@ cosp _ & = mat cee. = cos@ sing =I (By Componends and dividends) sin@ cosd—cos@ sing __ k=1 sin@ cosd+cos0sing K+ sin(@-6) _ k-1 7 sin(@+9) +1 > sin (@-6) _ k= sina ~ ka] ' _ kl, = sin (0-6) = 7 sina, Scanned by CamScanner PV MATRIC HR SEC SCHOOL MATHEMATICS - XI STD EXERCISE 3.5 1. Find the value of os 2A,, Allies in the ist quadrant, when (cos A= 2; (isin A=! (UDtanA = Solution: @ [costae Peo A= wm sina=t Gy ana=3 [ros2a= Eee es 3369 = 256 BEM oma Zs” 399-4 256" T225 Ber TIPO isan acute angle, then ind (sin (5-$) when sino =} (1-sina) ila) fa av = \er5 (eos (£42) when sino =2 3.1f cos 0 Solution: Prove that cos 50 = 16 cos® 0 ~ 20 cos? 0 +5 cos0 Solution: LHS mics 0 3cos0)2e05 9-1) sind 4 sn 0)sinb 0) Te cove eer @= Aco’ tend su cand + "8 con® 216 caso 20 cor! 04 Scand = RSH proved Sroverthat sin 4a = 4 tana EEE, Solution : LHS sin4a = sin2(2a) = 2 sin 2acos 2a = 4 tana RUS 6.1f A+B=45° , show that (1 + tan A)(1 + tan B) = 2 Solution: | A+B=45" tan(A + B) = tan 45° tend “Fan tind Sane tnd tan Adiing 1 on both sides tun +tunB tnd tan +1=2 TH tan A + tan +tand tan = 2 Viana +tanB (+ and (+ nA UI+ tant) =2 Hence Proved Trove that (1 +tant*)(1 + tan2°)(1 + tan3*) isa multiple of Solution: [aro = a5 tent aA) To = Given (1+ £9n1)(14 2°) ea) (1+ 208649) Letchange the order and writen ax (Uta fut 1 ta tt (eon) ae) ~tanAtanB (1+ tand4’) one ‘SProve that ean Solution tan (4 6) te _ coos | & Teton and 1+ een tno tan + tne Prove that cot(7 Solution: Let 78° = a Ls: cot (734) Multiply both numerator and denominator by 2.cos @ Now cota = 5% x 2050. teste ewe Now cot «= 10. Prove that (1+ sec26)(1 + sec46) «(1+ sec2"6) = tan2"@ cot 8 Solution : (1 + sec26)(1 + sec46).....(1 + sec2"8) “0+53) (1+ Sa) +a) = (14 0826)(1 + cos40) «(1+ cos 2°) 0826 . COS 46.... ... COS 2" 6 _ 2cos? 4. 2c0s* 20... 2cos? 2"-19 cos" _ 2" cos8 {cos@ .cos26 ...cos2”"16} = cos G lcos cos2A cos2?A.....cos2"-1a = B24) __) By using (1) 2rcos6 x (Sra Mcos6 sin2"@ _ 2" cosé . sin2o TPG eottg Teaind ~ aing Sooo tan2*6 covd Hence Proved. Th Frove that 32(y3)sin 3 cos pcos Focos eos Solution Given 32(V9)sin X cos cos Z cos Leos t = 16V3 (25in = cos =) cos cos Zcas = = 16V3 (sin2x4) cos cos Leos # = 16V5 (sin 2) cos Z cos Continuing this process = 8V3 (2:sin + cos +) cos Ecos £ = 8y3 (sin 4) cos Zeos = = 4V5 (2 sin = cos *) cos? = 4y3 (sin ®) cos * = 23 (2sin £ cos £) = 2N3 sin = = 23 x SOLUTION TO EXERCISE 3.6 1. Express each of the following as a sum or difference (i) sin 35° cos 28°, (ii) sin 4x cos 2x, (iii) 2 sin 100 cos 26, (iv) cos 58 cos 26, (0) sin 50 sin 40. sin 35° cos 28° = — $ (sin (sum) + sin (difference)} @ = Ffsin 63° + sin 7°] (ii) sin 4x 00s 2x => 1 sin 6x + sin 2x] (iii) 2 sin 100 cos = sin 116 + sin 96 (iv) cos 58 cos 26 = + foos (sum) + cos (difference) 3 [cos 76 + cos 30] Scanned by CamScanner ” sin 50 sin 40 = ; [cos (difference) ~ cos (sum)] = 5 [cos 0 cos 98] 2. Express each of the following as a product {@) sin75° — sin35°, (ii) c0s65° + cos15*, (i) sin50° + sind, iv) c0s3S° — c0875°. 7 75-35 sin 75° sin 35°= 2oa 38) wf BS @ 7 =2 cos 55° sin 20° w cos 65° + en 15°= 2e0{ $1 on 0 28 : sos) =2 cos 40° cos 25° (iii) sin? +n 4° = 2222) oa #8) =2 sin 45° cos 5° iv) cos 35° ¥ cos 75°= asin( 32) in 2) =2 sin 55° sin 20° ah 4. Show that sin 12° sin 48° sin S4°=1, LHS = sin 12° sin 48° sin 54° = sin (30° — 18°) sin (30° + 18°) sin (90° - 36°) in’ 30 — sin’ 18) (cos 36) Hey) 542V5 -1 se) Be 61) 83h) 2M cag cog coy Fg a! 4. Show thats: 7 eos cos Tens cos Trews F001 = 5 => cos 12° cos ba cos 36° cos 48° cos 60° cos 72° cos 84° ‘We know c0s60° == ; c0s72° = cos°(90° - 72°) = sin. wt and cos36° cos 60° cos 72° cos 36° ‘Now cos 12° cos 24° cos 48° cos 84° _ = (cs 6° +608 36°) floes 108° +c0s 60°) = 4g Sale) [+ 008 108° « cos (90° + 18°) =~ sin 18°] 4 Scanned by CamScanner sin8xcos x -sin6xcos 3x 0s 2x cos x —sin3xsin4x 5, Show that stan 2x, Lg = Sin8xc0sx-sin6rcos3x 20s 2x c0s.x—sinxsin 4x Afsin 9x +sin 7x]- Lfsin 9x +sin3x] 2 ee eee 7{¢0s3x-+ cos x] 4 [cos x -cos 7x] = Sin9x+sin 7x~sin9x—sin3x cos3x-+008 x —cosx+c08 7x = SinTx=sin3x _ 2cosSx-sin2x cos 3x+cos 7x (cos 0 ~c0s30)(sin 80 + sin 26) Show that °2%0=£0830)(sin86+sin26) _ § Show that (7/56 sin0)(coe49—eos60)~ (sin50—sin @)(cos 48 — cos 68) 2sin sin 20.2sin $@-cos30 ‘sin 20 -cos 3 7. Prove that sin x + sin 2x + sin 4x= sin 2x (1 +208). LHS = sin x + sin 2x +sin 3x in 2x +2 sin 2x cos x =sin 2x (1 + 2.c0s:x) = RHS LHS = 8. Prove that @4** 02% _ tan ay, cos 4x+ cos 2x LHS sindx+sin2x _ 2sin3x-cosx ‘cos4x-+e0s2x 2c083x-c0sx tan 3x = RHS 9. Prove that 1 + cos 2x + cos dx + cos 6x = 4 cos x cos 2x cos 3x. LHS = 1 + cos 2x + cos 4x + cos 6x =2.c09"3x + 2.c0s 3x - cosx(+ 1 +008 6x = 2 cos?3x) =2 00s 3x [cos 3x + cos x] cos 3x [2 cos 2x cos x] =4-cos x c0s 2x cos 3x 8. 78 30. 11e 10, 2 sin —+sin—sin— 0. Prove thatsin- sin--+ sin sin 7 = $0030 ~ 00840) +1 foo 40 —c08 70) = 7 [00830 —co8 70] = [2 sin 29 sin So) = sin 20 sin 50=RHS Scanned by CamScanner 1 | 11. Prove tat coo(30°— A) en0(30° + A) + coa(45? — A) c09(45° + A) = cos 2A +2. LHS = Foon 30-A+30+ A)+c0s(30-A~30- A) + 2 fo08 (45 A+45+ A) +008 (45 ~A— 45-4) = $Le0s60 + cos (2A) + c0390 + cos(-2A)] fi 4[t+2cos2a] = 1+ 0524 =RHS 12. Prove that UB*+8in3x+sinSxesin7x 4 ge c0sx-+cos3x+cosSx+cos 7x Lys = -Si@x+sin7x + sin3x-+sin Se cos x +008 7x +cos3x+cosSx — 2sin4x-cos3x+2sin 4x-cosx 2cos4x-cos3x +2c0s4x-cosx _ Sin 4x(cos3x+008:x) * cos4x(c0s3x+00s.x) ~ 4x =RHS sin(4A ~2B) + sin(4B—2A) 1. tre © that e(4A~2B)+ cou(4B=2A) = tan (A+B). = Si 4A 2B) +sin(4B-2A) un ‘c0s(4A — 2B) + cos(4B -2A) _2sin (#4203482) egg 4430-48124) = Sin(A +B)cos(3A -3B) 09(A +B)cos(3A —3B) =tan (A + B)=RHS 7 x . — 15°) = 400824 14. Show that cot (A + 15°) - tan (A 15°) T+2sin2a* LHS = cot (A + 15°)—tan (A — 15°) = 208(A +15) _sin( ~‘sin(A +15) cos(A—15) = S05(A +15) c05(A -15)~sin(A +15)sin(A —15) sin(A+13)cos(A—15) _ c0s(A+15+A~-15) © HMsin(A +15+A-15) +sin(AH15—Av15) c0s2A cos © Flein2A+sin30)~ H(sin2a+}) 4cos 2A, ~ Te2sinza ~ RUS Scanned by CamScanner PV MATRIC HR. SEC. SCHOOL MATHEMATICS - X1 STD. Formulae to Remember Tdentities [sin(A +B) + sin(A ~ 8) sin cosB cosa sinB | Sfsin(A +8) —sin(a — 8) cosAcosB | Steos(d +8) + c0s(A— B)] Sicos(A — 8) —cos(+ 8)) Fo sind sin sin + sin D sin C= sin D cos C+ cos cos C- cos Tinga sin A Cos A (U0 sin? A ssi? B+ stn? C= 2+ 2C08A CosB cose LHS: (sin? A + sin? B) + sin? coat ee tint | [1 cos2A-41~ cost] + iC m2 — cas2A + 1— cos2B] + (1- cos?) [2 — (cos2A + cos2B)| + (1 cos*C) 1-4 (cas2A + cos2B) + 1 - cos? = 1-2 cos (222) cos #24) 41 cost [oy ~cox(A+ B) cos B)~ eas? C 2—can(A+ B)eus(A~ B)~ cos Cos 2 ens(180~ ¢) ens(A~ B) —ens6 Cos(180— (A+ B)) 24 ensC eo(A~B) + csC Cax(h +) 22 eos fel 8) + coa(A+ 8) 24 cos 2 cos (8 24 cos C2 os A cos] =24.2CosACost cosC_RHS Hence Proved (iv) sin? A + sin? B— sin® C = 2 sin A sinB cosC LHS: (sin? A + sin? B) — sin? (ee wee | Cos A sin? A Tana + tan tan(A¥B) a FRERCISES 146 A+B+C=190, Prove that (son2 + sin2e + Sin2C = 4 sina Sind Sine Sat 8 A¥B= 160% C= 100-(448) sina sind + Size = (sna naa Sze {zn (222) cos #2) + sna 2 sight 8) cos(a8) + 2c 2 sin( 180° ~C) cos(AB) +2 sincose 2sineos hl) +2 sinc ene 2 sin€ [cos(A-B) + cos C) 2 sin feos(AB) +08 (180-48) = 2 sin€ [cos(A-B) - cos (A+B)] = 2 sin sin 22D) sin (ESLED) | 2sinc{esindsins) 4 sind Sin Sic = RIES Hence proved OU en (cosh +0sB-Cost=-1-+4 cos ens sin Solution1LHS: cosh-cosB-Cos = (cosA+cosB)-CosC = (20s (222)cos (2) ~cose cns(00-Ses(2)) = (t-250§ H142sin$cos (2 a-14 asin (co en Las: a2 sintcas( 2) aot 2) + sins) =1.+2sin (cas (2) + sin(90-2)) 2-14 2sin$ (eas 2) +cos(#)) sane (SEY (CE =-14 2s (2eoseos [1 — cos2A + 1 — cos2B] sin? ¢ {1 ~cos2A-+1~ cox28) ~(1~c0s*©) (2 (os24-+ cose] ~ (1 ~ cos?) 1 ~Hcos2h+cos28)~1~cos'¢ cos (222) cos (U224)) -1 4.0088 eas + B)cos(A —B) +cost ~tos(a + B)eos(A ~B) + cose Cost ~cos(100~ e)eos(A~B) + e086 Cor(100— (A +8)) cosceos 8) case Conta +) = eos [cos(A— 8) — cost 8) mons 2 in (AEH) sin BPA) cos C[2 sin A sin B] =2SinASin® cos _RHS Hence Proved and tan” + tant tan’ + tanStant (onan an + tan Stan tan Stan Aba+c= 100 48,6100 aoc oe tan tan + tan tan’ tonStanS + tanstanS + tanStand = 1 ping tangtang + tanzteng= 7 (vi)sina + sinB + sine = 4c08 5 F F008 08 5 LHS: (sina + sinB) + sine re ng (2cos cas cos 4 cost tos SHS Hence Proved Wisin GTC) sIn(CT AB) TSIM BO) 4 sin A sin sine LHS: sin(8 +.6—A) + sin(C+A—B) + sin(A+ 8-0) in(400 — AA) + sin(490 ~8 —B) + sin(380~ C0) in(180 ~ 2A) + sin(180 ~28) + sin(180~ 26) in2A+ sin 28+ sin2¢ = (Sn2A + sin2B) + Sin2C = fa sin #24) cos (MS2#)} + sinac 2sin(A48) es(A-B) +2sinC cose | 2 sin(180° ~C) cos(AB) + 2sin€ cost 2 sin€ os(A-B) + 2sin€ cost 2 sin€ [eos( AB) + cos] 2 sin€[eos(A-B) + 0s (180-(A+8))] 2 sin€[eos(AB)- cos (A¥8)] = 2 sin [2 sin(#PMA2BY) sn (UBC, 2sin¢ [2sinAsing) 4 sind SinB Sin€ = RHS Hence proved TIPAT B+ C= 2s, Prove that Sin(s—A)sin(s~B) + sins sin(s~ 0) = sind sinB Lis Sin(s~ A)sin(s~ B) + sins sin(s ~ C) = feos(¢—B (6-4) ~ costs —A+8—8)] + Heos(s—(s-6)) -cosis+5-0) fb =Le0s(-(A+ B)) ~cos(2s— A ~B) + cos — cos(2s—0)) =H costa +8) costs ~A~B) +c ~cot2s~)) = 2sin =Hc0s(A+ 8) — cos + cos ¢ — cos(A + B)} [e2s=asB+e 23-A-B=C 2-C= Ate cos(A-+ B)— cost +8)} sina sinB) nasi RES Hence proved Tifxty rea ny prove that ae, ay, 2 ax dy ae Tei Fi ie let x= and ; y= Cand 32 = tant Gent y+2 ane stan) 24428 42C 2A+28 = 2x26 1n(180 ~ 2C) tan2C tan2A + tanali="~tande + tan2A tandi tande tan2A + can2B + tanze = tan2A tan2B tame 2tand Dean Beane Trond Tan Tone Zan _2tanc ay ey =F ime FT Hence Proved TITA+ B+ CHF Prove thatthe following (Wsin2A + sin2B + sindC = 4cosA cosB cost sin2A-+ sn2B + Sin2c = (in24 4 sin28) + Sind {2 sin 22) cos (#2) + sinze sin(+B)cos(AB) + 2sinC cost = 2 sine C)eos(A-8) + 2sinC eos = 2 eos cos(A-) +2 nC est 2 cosG feos(AB) + sin} 2 cost [cos(A-B) + sin E-(A+B))] 2 cost feo(A-B) + cos (+8) 2 cos [2 cos(=EAA) cos (SE) =2sinC [2 cos Acos =A cosacos® cost (i) eos2A-+ cos 2 + cos BE= 1+ sina sn SIAC LMS :(cs2A + cos 28) + cos 2¢ cos (82) cs (2) + cose costA + 8) cos(A=B) +1=2sin* =142c0s(—€)cos(A~ 8) ~2int¢ 42 sin€ cos(A—B)—2sin*¢ 423in¢ [costa ~B)~ Sin] =142sin€ [eos(4~B) ~Sin (A+) 42Sin€ [eos(A ~B) ~ cos(A+B)) 423in€ [2 sind sind +4 sinh sin BsinC_Hence proved S.1f SABC Is aright angle triangle and if ZA then prove that (0)cos? B + cos? (i) sin? B + sin? C = 1 (i) cosB-cos C=-1-+V/2eost sin Sine 2A = = 2B +20 =% meats (0 co Bost C= cos 4 ont) os? B + sin? B (i) si B + sn = sin B+ sing) sin? B + cost (ti)cos 8-cos C= 2 stn (%) le cola [sin (+) +n asst asin +48 [asinScos4] 4 2Vcos4 sing Hence Proved PV MATRIC HR SEC SCHOOL MATHEMATICS - XI STD Tigawometc pation Genera sla we=0 famine cod=0 O= Qn) Fined tand=0 [aerees ned sind = sina, whee o€ [-5.5] |O=nr + (-I)"mmez ean stem . tend tang, where we (2,3) |O=me bane EXERCISE 3.8 1, Find the principal solution and general solutions of the following: (sine Prinetpat solution General Solution [Tsno=sina = tan =tant, Principal solution General Solution 25 ts the Principal solution. [ftand= tna > O=nn+a ;Wheren€?| tng eng nn+= ;Wheren eZ Gund= Solution: tan Principal Value sin [3 Principat solution: General Solution 1s the Principal solution if tand = ana > 0am Fa Where tand = tan(-2) ne Wherenez 2.Solve the following equations for which solutions lies in the interval 0° <0 < 360" (stat x = sin? x Son sintx sin? (Sin? x— 1 sin? (Sinz + )(sinz~1) ‘ ® ser Nw rears PCR inet wooe fea] corse css eo meee ramet Cayn weget [r=3] cor

    You might also like