CHAPTER 24

Carbohydrate Metabolism

Test Bank

TYPE I MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS

In each of the following multiple-choice questions, place the letter of the correct response in the blank
at the left. There is only one correct response for each question.

24.1 c The primary site within the human body where carbohydrate digestion occurs is the
a) mouth.
b) stomach.
c) small intestine.
d) membranes of intestinal mucosal cells.

24.2 b Which of the following conversions is accomplished by the process of glycolysis?

a) glucose to glycogen
b) glucose to pyruvate
c) starch to glucose
d) pyruvate to glucose

24.3 c The first two intermediates in the process of glycolysis are, respectively,
a) glucose 6-phosphate and glucose 1-phosphate.
b) glucose 1-phosphate and glucose 6-phosphate.
c) glucose 6-phosphate and fructose 6-phosphate.
d) glucose 1-phosphate and fructose 1-phosphate.

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272 Chapter 24: Carbohydrate Metabolism Test Bank

24.4 b The transition from the C6 stage of glycolysis to the C3 stage involves the conversion
of the molecule fructose 1,6-bisphosphate into the C3 species
a) dihydroxyacetone and glyceraldehydes.
b) dihydroxyacetone phosphate and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate.
c) glyceraldehyde and 3-phosphoglycerate.
d) 3-phosphoglycerate and 2-phosphoglycerate.

24.5 c How many total steps are there in the process of glycolysis?
a) six
b) eight
c) ten
d) twelve

24.6 d How many glycolysis intermediates are molecules that contain one or more
phosphate groups?
a) two
b) four
c) six
d) nine

24.7 c How many steps in the glycolysis pathway have a C3 molecule as the reactant?
a) two
b) four
c) six
d) eight

24.8 d In the human body, under aerobic conditions and anaerobic conditions, respectively,
pyruvate is converted to
a) lactate and ethanol.
b) lactate and acetyl CoA.
c) ethanol and lactate.
d) acetyl CoA and lactate.

24.9 a Accumulation of which of the following substances is the cause of stiff and sore
muscles after vigorous exercise?
a) lactate
b) pyruvate
c) acetyl CoA
d) glycerate

24.10 c [Algorithmic]The net yield of ATP from the complete oxidation of one molecule of
glucose is
a) 12.
b) 24.
c) 30.
d) 36.

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Test Bank Chapter 24: Carbohydrate Metabolism 273

24.11 a [Algorithmic]The net yield of ATP per glucose molecule during the process of
glycolysis is
a) 2.
b) 4.
c) 8.
d) 12.

24.12 b The name of the process in which free glucose is converted to glycogen is
a) gluconeogenesis.
b) glycogenesis.
c) glycogenolysis.
d) glycolysis.

24.13 a Which of the following processes require UTP molecules?

a) formation of glycogen from glucose
b) degradation of glycogen to glucose
c) both the formation and degradation of glycogen
d) formation of glucose 1-phosphate from glucose 6-phosphate

24.14 c [Algorithmic]Glucose 1-phosphate is converted to glucose 6-phosphate in which of

the following processes?
a) gluconeogenesis
b) glycogenesis
c) glycogenolysis
d) glycolysis

24.15 a [Algorithmic]Adding a single glucose unit to a growing glycogen chain

a) requires the investment of 2 ATP molecules.
b) results in the production of 1 ATP molecule.
c) does not require any triphosphate molecules.
d) requires NAD+ as an oxidizing agent.

24.16 c [Algorithmic]Which of the following intermediates is involved in gluconeogenesis

but not in glycolysis?
a) glucose 1-phosphate
b) pyruvate
c) oxaloacetate
d) phosphoenolpyruvate

24.17 a [Algorithmic]Which of the following is a reactant in the first step of

gluconeogenesis?
a) carbon dioxide
b) molecular oxygen
c) glucose
d) acetyl CoA

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274 Chapter 24: Carbohydrate Metabolism Test Bank

24.18 b Which of the following substances are participants in the reactions encompassed by
the Cori cycle?
a) pyruvate and acetyl CoA
b) pyruvate and lactate
c) lactate and acetyl CoA
d) pyruvate, lactate and acetyl CoA

24.19 b [Algorithmic]Which of the following statements concerning the pentose phosphate

pathway is incorrect?
a) It is an alternative pathway to glycolysis for the degradation of glucose.
b) The major coenzyme produced by the pathway is NADH.
c) Pentose derivatives needed for the production of nucleic acids are products of
the pathway.
d) In the first stage of the pathway, glucose 6-phosphate is converted to ribulose
5-phosphate.

24.20 a Which of the following hormones promotes the uptake and use of glucose by cells?
a) insulin
b) glucagon
c) epinephrine
d) adrenaline

TYPE II MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS

In each of the following multiple-choice questions, place the letter of the correct response in the blank
at the left. There may be more than one correct response (choice d) or no correct response for a
question (choice e).

24.21 c Which of the following statements concerning glycolysis is incorrect?

a) It is an oxidation process in which no molecular oxygen is used.
b) All reactions take place in the cytosol of a cell.
c) There are two stages, each of which involves a series of five reactions.
d) more than one correct response
e) no correct response

24.22 d In two of the first three steps of glycolysis,

a) phosphorylation reactions occur.
b) isomerization reactions occur.
c) ATP is converted to ADP.
d) more than one correct response
e) no correct response

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Test Bank Chapter 24: Carbohydrate Metabolism 275

24.23 a Which of the following C6 stage glycolysis intermediates is paired with the correct
type of enzyme needed for its production?
a) glucose 6-phosphate; kinase
b) fructose 6-phosphate; dehydrogenase
c) fructose 1,6-bisphosphate; mutase
d) more than one correct response
e) no correct response

24.24 b In which of the following steps of glycolysis does substrate-level phosphorylation

occur?
a) production of phosphoenolpyruvate
b) production of pyruvate
c) production of 2-phosphoglycerate
d) more than one correct response
e) no correct response

24.25 d Which of the following C3 stage glycolysis intermediates undergoes an isomerization

reaction?
a) dihydroxyacetone phosphate
b) glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate
c) 3-phosphoglycerate
d) more than one correct response
e) no correct response

24.26 b Intermediates in the glycolysis pathway include

a) two glucose derivatives.
b) three glycerate derivatives.
c) two pyruvate derivatives.
d) more than one correct response
e) no correct response

24.27 d The regeneration of NAD+ from NADH occurs during the conversion of pyruvate to
a) lactate.
b) ethanol.
c) acetyl CoA.
d) more than one correct response
e) no correct response

24.28 d Carbon dioxide is a product when lactate is converted to

a) pyruvate.
b) ethanol.
c) acetyl CoA.
d) more than one correct response
e) no correct response

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276 Chapter 24: Carbohydrate Metabolism Test Bank

24.29 b In which of the following processes is glucose the end product?

a) glycogenesis
b) glycogenolysis
c) glycolysis
d) more than one correct response
e) no correct response

24.30 d Which of the following is a three-step process?

a) conversion of pyruvate to glucose
b) conversion of glucose to glycogen
c) conversion of glycogen to glucose
d) more than one correct response
e) no correct response

24.31 a The compound glucose 1-phosphate is encountered in which of the following

processes?
a) glycogenesis and glycogenolysis
b) glycolysis and gluconeogenesis
c) glycogenesis and gluconeogenesis
d) more than one correct response
e) no correct response

24.32 e The compound glucose 6-phosphate is not encountered in which of the following
processes?
a) conversion of pyruvate to glucose
b) conversion to glucose to pyruvate
c) conversion of glycogen to glucose
d) more than one correct response
e) no correct response

24.33 b The compound oxaloacetate is an intermediate in the conversion of

a) glycogen to glucose.
b) pyruvate to glucose.
c) pyruvate to acetyl CoA.
d) more than one correct response
e) no correct response

24.34 d Which of the following is a product of the first stage of the pentose phosphate
pathway?
a) carbon dioxide
b) a phosphorylated version of the coenzyme NADH
c) ribose 5-phosphate
d) more than one correct response
e) no correct response

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Test Bank Chapter 24: Carbohydrate Metabolism 277

24.35 c Which of the following hormones increases blood glucose levels?

a) insulin and glucagon
b) insulin and epinephrine
c) glucagon and epinephrine
d) more than one correct response
e) no correct response

MULTIPLE-CHOICE FORMAT TRUE-FALSE QUESTIONS

In each of the following multiple-choice questions, characterize EACH of the three given statements
as being TRUE or FALSE and then indicate the collective true-false status of the statements using the
choices a) All three statements are true.
b) Two of the three statements are true.
c) Only one of the statements is true.
d) None of the statements is true.

24.36 c - FTF Statements:

(1) The three major monosaccharide products from carbohydrate digestion are
glucose, galactose, and ribose.
(2) In glycolysis, two ATP molecules are consumed and four ATP molecules are
produced.
(3) The Cori cycle is a process in which glucose is converted to pyruvate which is
then converted back to glucose.
a) All three statements are true.
b) Two of the three statements are true.
c) Only one of the statements is true.
d) None of the statements is true.

24.37 b - FTT Statements:

(1) Glycogenesis and glycolysis are “opposite” processes.
(2) The focal point for carbohydrate metabolism is the molecule glucose.
(3) Production of 30 ATP molecules accompanies the complete oxidation of a
glucose molecule.
a) All three statements are true.
b) Two of the three statements are true.
c) Only one of the statements is true.
d) None of the statements is true.

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278 Chapter 24: Carbohydrate Metabolism Test Bank

24.38 b - FTT Statements:

(1) Absorption of monosaccharides through the intestinal wall into the
bloodstream involves passive transport.
(2) In the conversion of pyruvate to acetyl CoA, a carbon dioxide molecule is
produced.
(3) Glucose degradation occurs in both glycolysis and the pentose phosphate
pathway.
a) All three statements are true.
b) Two of the three statements are true.
c) Only one of the statements is true.
d) None of the statements is true.

24.39 c - FTF Statements:

(1) The process of glycolysis converts a C6 molecules into three C2 molecules.
(2) The primary location where gluconeogenesis occurs is the liver.
(3) Pyruvate reduction to lactate occurs under aerobic conditions, and pyruvate
oxidation to acetyl CoA results from anaerobic conditions.
a) All three statements are true.
b) Two of the three statements are true.
c) Only one of the statements is true.
d) None of the statements is true.

24.40 a - TTT Statements:

(1) Glucose 1-phosphate is an intermediate in both glycogenesis and
glycogenolysis.
(2) Conversion of ATP to ADP occurs in both steps 1 and 3 of glycolysis.
(3) In the oxidative stage of the pentose phosphate pathway, a hexose phosphate is
converted to a pentose phosphate and carbon dioxide.
a) All three statements are true.
b) Two of the three statements are true.
c) Only one of the statements is true.
d) None of the statements is true.

24.41 b - TTF Statements:

(1) Gluconeogenesis is a process through which glucose can be synthesized from
noncarbohydrate materials.
(2) The process of glycolysis takes place in the cytosol of a cell.
(3) Insulin’s function is to increase blood glucose levels by speeding up the
conversion of glycogen to glucose.
a) All three statements are true.
b) Two of the three statements are true.
c) Only one of the statements is true.
d) None of the statements is true.

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Test Bank Chapter 24: Carbohydrate Metabolism 279

24.42 b - TFT Statements:

(1) All intermediates in the C3 stage of glycolysis are phosphorylated derivatives
of either glycerol or acetone.
(2) The digestion of carbohydrates begins in the mouth, continues in the stomach,
and is completed in the small intestine.
(3) The storage form for excess glucose in the body is glycogen produced by
glycogenesis.
a) All three statements are true.
b) Two of the three statements are true.
c) Only one of the statements is true.
d) None of the statements is true.

24.43 a - TTT Statements:

(1) The conversion of glucose 6-phosphate to glucose, the last step of
glycogenolysis, does not occur in muscle and brain cells.
(2) The two triose phosphates initially formed in glycolysis are dihydroxyacetone
phosphate and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate.
(3) ATP production during glycolysis occurs via substrate-level phosphorylation.
a) All three statements are true.
b) Two of the three statements are true.
c) Only one of the statements is true.
d) None of the statements is true.

24.44 d - FFF Statements:

(1) The first step of glycolysis involves the phosphorylation of glucose to produce
glucose 1-phosphate.
(2) The processing of one glucose molecule via glycolysis produces two acetyl
CoA molecules and two carbon dioxide molecules.
(3) The majority of ATP molecules produced during the complete oxidation of
glucose form during the glycolysis phase of oxidation.
a) All three statements are true.
b) Two of the three statements are true.
c) Only one of the statements is true.
d) None of the statements is true.

24.45 a - TTT Statements:

(1) Lactate accumulation is the cause of muscle pain and cramping during
prolonged, strenuous exercise.
(2) Lactate production during exercise lowers blood pH, which triggers faster
breathing.
(3) The effects of both type I and type II diabetes are the same - inadequate
glucose uptake by cells.
a) All three statements are true.
b) Two of the three statements are true.
c) Only one of the statements is true.
d) None of the statements is true.

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280 Chapter 24: Carbohydrate Metabolism Test Bank

MATCHING QUESTIONS
Assign each of the characterizations on the left to one of the metabolic pathways listed in the response
list on the right. Responses on the right may be used more than once or need not be used at all.

24.46 d Glucose is converted to two pyruvates. a) gluconeogenesis

b) glycogenesis
24.47 b Glycogen is synthesized from glucose. c) glycogenolysis
d) glycolysis
24.48 c Glycogen is broken down into free glucose units.

24.49 a Glucose is synthesized from pyruvate.

24.50 a Two C3 molecules combine to give a C6 molecule.

Assign each of the reaction characterizations on the left to one of the metabolic pathways listed in the
responses on the right. Responses on the right may be used more than once or need not be used at all.

24.51 d Fructose 6-phosphate is the product formed in the a) gluconeogenesis

second step of this process. b) glycogenesis
c) glycogenolysis
24.52 b Formation of UDP-glucose is part of this process. d) glycolysis

24.53 a Oxaloacetate is the product formed in the first step

of this process.

24.54 a Two trioses combine to form fructose

1,6-bisphosphate as part of this process.

24.55 b Glucose 6-phosphate is converted to glucose

1-phosphate as part of this process.

How many steps in glycolysis have the characteristics listed on the left? Respond using the response
list on the right. Responses on the right may be used more than once or need not be used at all.

24.56 b ATP is converted to ADP. a) one step

b) two steps
24.57 c An isomerization reaction occurs. c) three steps
d) four steps
24.58 b Substrate-phosphorylation occurs.

24.59 b A bisphosphate molecule is formed.

24.60 c A glycerate derivative is formed.

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Test Bank Chapter 24: Carbohydrate Metabolism 281

What is the ATP yield per glucose molecule in each of the following processes? Respond using the
list on the right. Responses on the right may be used more than once or need not be used at all.

24.61 a Glycolysis a) 2 ATP

b) 4 ATP
24.62 d Glycolysis plus the common metabolic pathway c) 10 ATP
d) 30 ATP
24.63 a Glycolysis plus oxidation of pyruvate to acetyl CoA

24.64 a Glycolysis plus reduction of pyruvate to lactate

24.65 a Glycolysis plus reduction of pyruvate to ethanol

For each of the chemical changes on the left, choose from the response list on the right a correct name
for the process or the conditions under which it occurs. Responses on the right may be used more than
once or need not be used at all.

24.66 b Pyruvate to lactate a) Cori cycle

b) an anaerobic process
24.67 b Pyruvate to ethanol c) oxidative stage of pentose
phosphate pathway
24.68 a Glucose to pyruvate to lactate to pyruvate to d) nonoxidative stage of
glucose pentose phosphate pathway

24.69 c Glucose 6-phosphate to ribulose 5-phosphate

24.70 d Ribulose 5-phosphate to ribose 5-phosphate

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