NUMBER R01-D01

Instrumentation Symbols and REV. NO. 0

Identification DATE 17 FEB 1997
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Instrumentation Symbols and Identification

This document is issued by Engineering Standards Section, SABIC R&D Complex, PO Box 42503, Riyadh 11551, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
The information contained in this document is the confidential property of SABIC. It can not be disclosed, copied or used for any purpose
without prior approval from SABIC. If you are not authorized to possess this document, please destroy it immediately.
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CONTENTS

1. SCOPE ................................................................................................ 3
2. DEFINITIONS 3
3. INSTRUMENT SYMBOLS 7
4. IDENTIFICATION LETTERS ............................................................... 8
5. LINE SYMBOLS AND IDENTIFICATION 14
6. DRAWING SYMBOLS 15
6.1 Valves ........................................................................................... 15
6.2 Control Valve Actuators 17
6.3 Control Valves 18
6.4 Solenoid Valves ............................................................................ 19
6.5 Flow 20
6.6 General Functions 23
6.7 Level ............................................................................................. 24
6.8 Pressure 26
6.9 Temperature 28
7. FUNCTIONAL BLOCKS .................................................................... 30
8. LOOP IDENTIFICATION 34
9. LOGIC SYMBOLS 37
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1. Scope
1.1 This standard is to establish a uniform means of designating instruments and instrumentation systems
used for measurement and control providing symbols and identification codes.
1.2 This standard is for use in chemical, petroleum, power generation, air conditioning, metal refining, and
numerous other SABIC process industries.

2. Definitions
For the purpose of understanding this standard, the following definitions apply.

A/D Analog-to-digital.

Actuator A device which accepts the output from a control system and moves a
final control element (usually a valve) to change a process condition.

Adaptive Control Method of control whereby tuning (response) of the control system is
varied with the process conditions, unlike other control systems where
response times are set manually and remain constant.

Algorithm Mathematical representation of the action performed by a controller such

as proportional, integral, derivative, or combinations of those modes.

Alphanumeric A character set that contains both letters and digits and perhaps other
characters such as punctuation marks.

Analog Computer A computing device comprised of functional modules such as amplifiers,

multipliers, drivers, etc., interconnected in such a way as to facilitate the
solution of a set of mathematical expressions or to implement some
control strategy. The input to and the output from an analog computer are
continuous signals as contrasted with a digital computer which can deal
only with discrete signals.

Attenuation A decrease in signal magnitude between two points or between two

frequencies.

Baud Rate The number of bits or discrete pieces of information transmitted per
second.

Bit Abbreviation for "binary digit". A Single character in a binary number,

represented by zero(0) or one(1).

Byte The number of adjacent binary digits operated upon as a unit.

Cascade Control Controllers arranged such that the output of one controller manipulated
the setpoint input of a second controller instead of manipulating a process
variable directly.

Control Action, A control action in which the controller output is proportional to the rate of
Derivative (Rate) change of the input.

Control Action, Inte- A control action in which the controller output is proportional to the time
gral (Reset) integral of the error signal.

Control Action, Pro- A control action in which the controller output has a linear relationship to
portional the error signal.
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Controller A device that receives a measurement of the process variable, compares

that measurement with a set point representing the desired control point,
and adjusts its output based on the selected control algorithm to minimize
the error between the measurement and the set point. If an increase in
the measured process variable above the setpoint causes an increase in
the magnitude of the controller output, the controller is said to be "direct
acting". If a process variable increase above the setpoint causes a
decrease in the magnitude of the controller output, the controller is
"reverse acting".

Data Base A collection of values for process variables, set points, scaling factors,
control parameters, limits, constants, identifiers, etc. for access by the
application programs in a computer-based control system.

Data Highway A high-speed serial or parallel data path which connects several units of a
distributed control or data collection system.

DDC (Direct Digital A control technique in which a digital computer is used as the sole
Control) controller and its output is used to set the final control element. This is in
contrast with supervisory control.

Dead Band The range through which the measured quantity may vary without
initiating response. In a mechanical instrument such as a meter
movement or strip-chart recorder, the dead band is caused by friction and
slack or "play" in the readout mechanism. In a controller, dead band is a
zone around the setpoint in which the measurement may vary without
initiating a compensating controller response.

Dead Time The interval of time lag between the initiation of an input change or
stimulus and the start of the resulting observable response.

Dedicated Control Using one controller to control one process variable.

Derivative Control A mode of control using an algorithm which anticipates when a process
variable will reach its desired control point by sensing its rate of change.
This allows a control change to take place before the process variable
overshoots the desired control point.

Derivative Time The time difference by which the output of a proportional-derivative (PD)
controller leads the controller input when changes linearly with time.

Digital Computer An electronic machine for performing calculations on discrete quantities of

data. Usually includes bulk storage devices such as disks, tape units, etc.,
in addition to internal memory also includes devices for printing and/or
displaying output data.

Distributed Control Any control system in which the degradation or failure of any single
System element will affect only the control loop, or related loops, in which it
operates.

EPROM Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory. A memory device with

information placed into it during manufacture that cannot be altered by the
computer. It can only be erased and reprogrammed with special
equipment.
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Error Signal A signal resulting from the difference between the setpoint reference
signal and the process variable feedback signal in a controller.

Feedback Control A type of control whereby the controller receives a feedback signal
representing the condition of the controlled process variable, compares it
to the setpoint, and adjusts the controller output accordingly,

Feed Forward Control A type of control which takes corrective action based on input
disturbances before the process is upset.

Final Control Element A component of a control system (such as a valve) that directly changes
the manipulated variable.

Gain The ratio of change in output divided by the change in input that caused it.
Both input and output shall be in the same units, hence gain is a
dimensionless number.

Hierarchy The "ranking" or "scope of control" of the elements in a supervisory

system. For example, a lower ranking element such as a local controller
affects only one variable while a higher ranking element such as a
computer might affect many variables.

Hysteresis It is the difference between upscale and down scale results in instrument
response when subjected to the same input approached directions.

Integral (Reset) Control Control A control algorithm that attempts to eliminate the offset (caused
by proportional control) between the measurement and setpoint of the
controlled processes variable.

Integral Windup It is also termed as Controller Windup or Reset Windup. These terms are
applied to saturation of the controller output at its maximum positive or
negative value due to an error signal existing for an excessive period of
time. Usually caused by the controller begin left on "automatic" when the
measurement transmitter is out of service. The integral capacitor (or
pneumatic bellows) shall be discharged when this condition occurs before
control may be resumed.

Intrinsically Safe A term refered to equipment or wiring that is incapable of releasing

IP/Transducer
(Current-to=Pneumatic)
sufficient electrical or thermal energy under either abnormal or normal
conditions to cause ignition of a specific hazardous atmospheric mixture
in its most easily ignited concentration.
A device which converts an electrical current signal to a proportional
pneumatic signal for the purpose of interfacing electronic and pneumatic
parts of a control system. A typical I/P transducer might convert a 4-20
miliamp signal from an electronic controller to a 3-15 psig signal to
actuate a pneumatic valve.
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I/O Devices Input/Output devices that enter data into and receive data from a
computer or control system, e.g., analog and digital input and output
devices for handling process measurements and conditions as well as
"business" type devices such as terminals, printers, plotters, etc.
Noise It is an unwanted component of a signal or variable in process
instrumentation. Noise may be expressed in units of the output or in
percent of output span.
Offset The steady-state deviation of the controlled variable from the set-point,
usually caused by a disturbance or a load change in a system employing
a proportional-only controller. Offset will eventually be reduced to zero by
the integral action in a PI or PID controller.
P Controller A controller that produces proportional control action only.
Parallel Data Data transmission where all data bits of a data word are processed at
once.
PD Controller A controller that produces proportional plus derivative (rate) control
action.
PI Controller A controller that produces proportional plus integral (reset) control action.
PID Controller A controller that produces proportional plus integral (reset) plus derivative
(rate) control action.
PROM Programmable Read-Only Memory. A device with information placed into
it during manufacture that cannot be altered by the computer. It can,
however, be reprogrammed using special equipment.
Proportional Band The change in the controller error signal required to produce a full range
change in output due to proportional control action. It is the reciprocal of
gain expressed as a percentage: PB (percent) = 100/GAIN
Proportional A mode of control using an algorithm that causes the output of a controller
Control to change in a linear fashion as the error signal (process variable-setpoint
difference) changes.
RAM Random Access Memory. Memory that contains no preprogrammed
information but is loaded and/or altered by the computer system. It is of a
"volatile" nature in that all the contents are lost when electrical power is
removed. RAM memories are usually provided with battery backup power
systems.
Ramp An increase or decrease of the variable at a constant rate of change with
respect to time.
Reset Rate The inverse of integral time; usually expressed as "repeats per minute."
ROM Read-only Memory. Memory with information placed into it during
manufacture that cannot be altered:
Serial Sending bits of information in succession along a single circuit (pair of
Communications wires).
Set point The desired value at which a process variable is to be controlled.
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Software A set of programs and associated data tables which causes the hardware
components of a computer system to perform the desired tasks.
Split-Ranging Action in which two or more final control elements are actuated by a
single controller output. For example, in a heating circuit, 0-50 percent of
the controller output operates a primary heat source and the 50-100
percent portion of the controller output operates a secondary heat source.
Steady-State The condition when all properties are constant with time, transient
responses having died out.
Supervisory A method of computer control whereby a computer or master station
Control provides setpoints to individual controllers which independently perform
the actual control algorithms.
Telemetry A technique which permits a measured quantity to be transmitted and
interpreted at a distance form the measuring location. Form or types of
telemetry include analog, digital, frequency, and pulse.
Transmitter A device that converts a process measurement (pressure, flow, level,
temperature, etc.) into an electrical or pneumatic signal (4-20ma,
3-15psig, etc.) suitable for use in an indicating or control system.
Word, Computer A sequence of bits of characters treated as a unit and capable of being
stored in one computer location. Some common word lengths are 8 bits,
16 bits, and 32 bits.
Note: The source of these definitions is Gas Processors Suppliers Association, Tulsa,
Oklahoma, USA.

3. Instrument Symbols
3.1 An instrument symbol is a graphical representation of the instrument to be used.
3.2 The instrument symbol is always identified by a letter as described in Table I, section 4 of this
document.
3.3 The instrument symbols shown in this standard shall be used on instrument and other process
diagrams. Special or function symbols may be used but they must be explained by a legend drawing or
noted on the drawing where the special symbol is used.
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4. Identification Letters
TABLE I
A FIRST - LETTER (4) SUCCEEDING-LETTERS (3)
L
P
H MEASURED OR READOUT OR PASSIVE
MODIFIER OUTPUT FUNCTION MODIFIER
. INTIATING VARIABLE FUNCTION

A Analysis (5.19) Alarm

B Burner, Combustion User's Choice (1) User's Choice (1) User's Choice (1)

C User's Choice (1) Control (13)

D Density Differential (4)

E Voltage Sensor (Primary Elements) Emission

F Flow Rate Ratio (Fraction) (4)

G User's Choice Glass, Viewing device (9)

H Hand Operated High (7, 15, 16)

I Current (Electrical) Indicate (10)

J Power Scan (7)

K Time, Time Schedule Time Rate of Change (4,21) Control Station (22)

L Level Light (11) Low (7,15,16)

M User's Choice (1) Momentary (4) Middle, Intermediate (7,15)

N User's Choice (1) User's Choice (1) User's Choice (1) User's Choice (1)

O User's Choice (1) Orifice, Restriction

P Pressure, Vacuum Point (Test) Connection

Q Quantity Integrate, Totalize (4)

R Radiation Record (17)

S Speed, Frequency Safety (8) Switch (13)

T Temperature Transmit (18)

U Multi variable (6) Multifunction (12) Multifunction (12) Multifunction (12)

V Vibration, Mechanical Analysis Valve, Damper, Louver

(19) (13)

W Weight, Force Well

X Interlock X-Axis Interlock (2) Interlock (2)

Y Event, State or Presence (20 Y-Axis Relay, Compute, Convert

(13,14)

Z Position, Dimension Z-Axis Driver, Actuator,

Unclassified Final Control
Element

Note: Numbers in parentheses refer to specific explanatory notes on pages 9 and 10.
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TABLE I NOTES:
1. User can define unlisted meaning for the letter. The letter can have one meaning if used as first-letter
and another meaning as a succeeding letter, e.g., the letter N may be defined as "modulus of elasticity" as
a first-letter and "oscilloscope" as a succeeding-letter. However, the meanings are to be defined only once
for the project.
2. A letter "X" should be used for any signal used for an Interlock, e.g., PSH can be used for a normal
Pressure Alarm where as PXH can be used when it is used for an interlock of a pump circuit, compressor
circuit etc.
3. The grammatical form of the succeeding-letter meanings may be modified as required, e.g., "transmit"
as "transmitter" or "transmitting", etc.
4. Any first-letter used in combination with modifying letters D (differential), F (ratio), M (momentary), K
(time rate of change), Q (integrate or totalize), to represent a new and separate measured variable, the
combination shall be treated as a first-letter entity, e.g., instruments TDI and TI indicate two different
variables, namely, differential temperature and temperature.
5. First-letter A (analysis) covers all analyses not covered under a "user's choice" first-letter. The type of
analysis is to be defined outside a tagging bubble.
6. It is recommended that nonspecific variable designators such as U be used sparingly. Use of first-letter U
for "multi variable" in lieu of a combination of first-letters is optional.
7. The use of modifying terms H for "high", L for "low", M for "middle" or "intermediate", and J for "scan" is
optional.
8. The term "safety" (S) as modifier applies to emergency protective primary elements and final control
elements only, which are intended to protect against emergency conditions that are hazardous to
personnel or equipment and that are not expected to arise normally, e.g., the designation of PSV applies to
all valves intended to protect against emergency pressure conditions regardless of whether the valve
construction and mode of operation place them in the category of the safety valve, relief valve, safety relief
valve. A rupture disc is designated as PSE.
9. The letter G as passive function applies to instruments or devices that provide an uncalibrated view,
such as sight glasses and television monitors.
10. The letter 'I' "Indicate" as passive function normally applies to the readout (analog or digital) of an
actual measurement. In the case of a manual loader, it may be used for the dial or setting indication, i.e., for
the value of the initiating variable.
11. A pilot light should be designated by a first-letter followed by the succeeding letter L, e.g., a pilot light
that indicates an expired time period shall be tagged KQL, a running light for an electrical motor may be
tagged EL, assuming voltage to be the appropriate measured variable, and a running light for an electrical
motor may be tagged YL, assuming the operating status is being monitored. It is permissible to use the
user's choice letters M, N or O for a motor running light when the meaning is previously defined. If letter M
is used, it must be clear that the letter does not stand for the word "motor", but for a monitored state.
12. Use of a succeeding-letter U for "multifunction" instead of a combination of other functional letter is
optional. This being a nonspecific function designator, therefore, shall be used sparingly.
13. A device that connects, disconnects or transfers one or more circuits may either be a switch, a relay, an
ON/OFF controller or a control valve, depending on the application.
13.1 If the device manipulates a fluid process stream and is not a hand-actuated ON/OFF block valve, it is
designated as a control valve.
13.2 It is incorrect to use the suceeding-letters CV for anything other than a self-actuated control valve.
13.3 The term "switch" is generally used if the device is used for alarm, pilot light, selection, interlock, or
safety.
13.4 The term "controller" is generally used if the device is used for normal operating control.
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13.5 An automatic really actuated by a switch or an ON/OFF controller which is not the first such device in
a loop.
14. The functions associated with the use of the succeeding-letter Y will be defined outside a bubble, when
further definition is considered necessary. The definition is not necessary when the function is self-evident
when used for a solenoid valve.
15. The modifiers H for "high", L for "low", and M for "middle" or "intermediate" correspond to values of the
measured variable, not to values of the signal, unless otherwise noted, e.g., a high-level alarm derived from
a reserve-acting level transmitter signal should be an LAH, even through the alarm is actuated when the
signal falls to a low value. The terms may be used in combinations as appropriate.
16. The terms H for "high and L for "low", when applied to positions of valves, are defined as "high" denotes
that the valve is in or approaching the fully open position, and "low" denotes that it is in or approaching the
fully closed position.
17. The term R for "record", as succeeding letter applies to any form of permanent record or storage of
information that permits retrieval by any means.
18. The succeeding letter "T" should be used as a transmitter and it should be clearly differentiated from a
converter.
19. First-letter V for "vibration or mechanical analysis" is intended to use for machinery monitoring and the
letter A is intended for use in more general analyses except for vibration and density. It is expected that the
variable of interest will be defined outside the tagging bubble in all the cases.
20. First-letter Y is intended for use when control or monitoring responses are event-driven as opposed to
time or time schedule driven like in batch processes. The letter Y, in this position, can also signify "State of
Presence".
21. Modifier K for "time rate of change", in combination with a first-letter such as L, T, or W, signifies a time
rate of change of the measured or initiating variable. The variable WKIC, for instance, may represent a
rate-of-weight-loss controller.
22. Succeeding-letter K is a user's option for designating a control station, while the succeeding-letter C is
used for describing automatic or manual controller.
 TABLE II TYPICAL LETTER COMBINATIONS

Controllers Readout Devices Switch and Alaram Transmitters

Devices

First Indicating or Recording Indicating Blind Self Recording Indicating High Low Comb Recording Indicating Blind Solenoids Primary Test Well Viewing Safety Final
ENGINEERING STANDARD

Letter Measured Acturated Relays, Element Point of Device, Device Element

Variable Control Computing Probe Glass
Valves Devices

A Analysis ARC AIC AC AR AI ASH ASL ASHL ART AIT AT AY AE AP AW AV

B Burner BRC BIC BC BR BI BSH BSL BSHL BRT BIT BT BY BE BW BG BZ

Combusion

C User’s Choice

D Density DRC DIC DC DRI DI DRT DIT DT DY DE DP

E Voltage ERC EIC EC ER EI ESH ESL ESHL ERT EIT ET EY EE EZ

F Flow rate FRC FIC FC FCV FR FI FSH FSL FSHL FRT FIT FT FY FE FP FG FV

FQ Flow Quantity

FF Flow Ratio FFRC FFIC FFC FFR FFI FFSH FFSL FE FFV

G User’s Choice
Identification

H Hand HIC HC HS HV

I Current IRC IIC IR II ISH ISL ISHL IRT IIT IT IY IE IZ

J Power JRC JIC JR JI JSH JSL JSHL JRT JIT JT JY JE JV

Instrumentation Symbols and

K Time KRC KIC KC KCV KR KI KSH KSL KSHL KRT KIT KT KY KE KV

L Level LRC LIC LC LCV LR LI LSH LSL LSHL LRT LIT LT LY LE LW LG LV

M Users Choice

N Users Choice

O Users Choice
PAGE
DATE
NUMBER
REV. NO.

P Pressure Vaccum PRC PIC PC PCV PR PI PSH PSL PSHL PRT PIT PT PY PE PP PG PSV. PV

PD Press. Diffnl. PDRC PDIC PDC PDCV PDR PDI PDSH PDSL PDRT PDIT PDT PDY PDE PP PDG PDV
0

Q Quantity QRC QIC QR QI QSH QSL QSHL QRT QIT QT QY QE QZ

R Radiarion RRC RIC RC RR RI RSH RSL RSHL RRT RIT RT RE RW RW

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S Speed/ Freqcy SRC SIC SC SCV SR SI SSH SSL SSHL SRT SIT ST SY SE SV
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 ENGINEERING STANDARD
TABLE II TYPICAL LETTER COMBINATIONS (Continue)

Controllers Readout Devices Switch and Alaram Transmitters

Devices

First Indicating or Recording Indicating Blind Self Recording Indicating High Low Comb Recording Indicating Blind Solenoids Primary Test Well Viewing Safety Final
Letter Measured Actuated Relays, Element Point of Device, Device Element
Variable Control Computing Probe Glass
Valves Devices

T Temperature TRC TIC TC TCV TR TI TSH TSL TSHL TRT TIT TT TY TE TP TW TG TSE TV

TD Temp. Diffnl. TDRC TDIC TDC TDCV TDR TID TDSH TDSL TDRT TDIT TDT TDY TDE TP TOW TDV

Instrumentation Symbols and

U Multivariable UR UI UY UV

V Vibration VR VI VSH VSL VSHL VRT VIT VT VY VE VZ

Identification
W Weight / Force WRC WIC WC WCV WR WI WSH WSL WSH WRT WIT WT WY WE WZ
L

WD Weight / Force / WDRC WDIC WDC WDCV WDR WDI WDS WDS WDRT WDIT WDT WDY WDE WDZ
Differential H L

X Interlock PXH PXL PXHL

Y Event / State YIC YC YR YI YSH YSL YT YY YE YZ

Z Position / ZRC ZIC ZC ZCV ZR ZI ZSH ZSL ZSHL ZRT ZIT ZT ZY ZE ZV

Dimension

ZD Gauging / ZDRC ZDIC ZDC ZDCV ZDR ZDI ZDSH ZDSL ZDRT ZDIT ZDT ZDY ZDE ZDV
Deviation

Note: See the following page for notes on this table.

NUMBER
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TABLE II NOTES:
1. The Table II is not all-inclusive.
2. "A" alarm, the annunciating device, may be used in the same way as S switch, the actuating device.
3. Other possible combinations:

FO (Restriction orifice)
FRK, HIK (Control Stations)
FX (Accessories)
TJR (Scanning Recorder)
LLH (Pilot Light)
PFR (Ratio)
KQI (Running Time Indicator)
QQI (Indicating Counter)
WKIC (Rate-of-Weight-Loss Controller)
HMS (Hand Momentary Switch)
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5. Line Symbols and Identification

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6. Drawing Symbols
6.1 Valves
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6.2 Control Valve Actuators

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6.3 Control Valves

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6.4 Solenoid Valves

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6.5 Flow
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6.6 General Functions

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6.7 Level
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6.8 Pressure
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6.9 Temperature
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7. Functional Blocks - Functional Designations

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ENGINEERING STANDARD
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8. Loop Identification
A model Loop Diagram is shown on the following page for a flow measuring control loop. Important data like
Manufacturer, Type of device, Model No., Transmission signal type are to be mentioned at various places in the
Loop Diagram. Complete path starting from the Transmitter to the End system like DCS shall be shown in the same
drawing. If the input signal is utilized for multiple purposes like monitoring, controlling, recording, annunciation all
the details are to be represented in the same sheet. In case of multiple utilization of the same signal to various
other loops it should be marked with arrows mentioning the Loop and Drawing numbers for quick reference.
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9. LOGIC SYMBOLS
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