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Assessment of Ground Water and Impact Evaluation in Kharghar and

Manasarovar Region

Conference Paper · November 2017

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NICMAR 2nd International Conference On Construction, Real Estate, Infrastructure and Project (CRIP) Management, 10-11 November 2017, Pune, India

Assessment of Ground Water and Impact Evaluation in

Kharghar and Manasarovar Region

Author Details Ajay Nadar, Shabiimam M. A, Shivaji M Sarvade, Pankaj Mehta

Author 1 Name: Ajay Nadar

Department: Civil Engineering
University/Institution/Organization: Anjuman -I- Islam's Kalsekar Technical Campus
Town/City: Panvel, Navi Mumbai
Country: INDIA

Author 2 Name: Shabiimam M. A

Department: Civil Engineering
University/Institution/Organization: Anjuman -I- Islam's Kalsekar Technical Campus
Town/City: Panvel, Navi Mumbai
Country: INDIA

Author 3 Name: Shivaji M Sarvade

Department: Civil Engineering
University/Institution/Organization: Anjuman -I- Islam's Kalsekar Technical Campus
Town/City: Panvel, Navi Mumbai
Country: INDIA

Author 4 Name: Pankaj Mehta

Department: Civil Engineering
University/Institution/Organization: Anjuman -I- Islam's Kalsekar Technical Campus
Town/City: Panvel, Navi Mumbai
Country: INDIA

Corresponding author: Dr. Shabiimam M. A

Corresponding Author’s Email: dr.shabiimam@gmail.com
Alternate Email: er.shabi@gmail.com

Structured Abstract: The primary objective of this study is to evaluate the groundwater quality
parameter in the surrounding wells of Kharghar and Mansarovar region in Raigad district of
Maharashtra. Kharghar and Manasarovar are the two growing residential hubs due to close
proximate with Navi Mumbai also these places near to coastal area. At the seacoast in a coastal
aquifer, fresh groundwater from inland terrestrial sources discharges to the sea, flowing over
denser seawater that intrudes inland (Motz and sedighi 2009). The groundwater contamination
is creating health hazards and causing many deficiencies and diseases in humans so it necessary
to evaluate quality of the ground water. Ground water samples collected from various bore well
from residential area and sea water samples were collected from Kharghar and Mansarovar
coastal area during the summer season in the year of 2017. The various ground water and sea
water quality parameters were analysed as per IS standards. The study reveals that few cases
where total hardness is found to be high. Concentration of other major constituents are found
within the permissible limit. During the last few years the utilization of surface and ground
water for drinking and agricultural purposes has increased due to exponential growth in
population, hence the periodic ground water quality assessment is of prime importance owing
to its impact on the human health.
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NICMAR 2nd International Conference On Construction, Real Estate, Infrastructure and Project (CRIP) Management, 10-11 November 2017, Pune, India

Keywords: Ground water, coastal area, salt water intrusion, water quality, water
contamination

1. Introduction

Coastal aquifers is a major relied source of fresh water supply to the population living in coastal
region in almost all parts of the world. Groundwater is used for domestic, industrial,
commercial and irrigation purposes in all over the world. Alice Thomas et.al. (2016)In the past
couple of decades, there has been a huge increase in the demand of fresh water because of rapid
growth in population of humans and accelerated pace of industrialization. According to the
reports of WHO, around 80% of all diseases in human beings are caused by water. Once the
ground water is contaminated, it is not easy to restore its quality and device ways and means
to protect it. The greater part of the soluble constituents in groundwater comes from the soluble
minerals in soils and sedimentary rocks. Mahesha et.al. (2014)The more common soluble
constituents are, sodium, calcium, carbonate, bicarbonate and sulphate ions. Chloride ions is
one of the common constituent found from intruded sea water, well water, pond water and also
sewage wastes. Main processes that control the salinity variations in time and space have to be
defined in order to help identify salinization sources. However, present day distribution of fresh
and saline groundwater in aquifers still reflects earlier hydrological conditions, so long term
geological processes and recent anthropogenic changes are combined and it remains quite
delicate to distinguish each effect from another (Edmunds et al. 2013; Vengosh et al. 2005;
Bennetts et al. 2006). Whether ground water of a certain quality is suitable for its intended use
is found out with the help of water quality standards. IS: 10500-2012 had published the
guidelines for drinking water quality.. The objectives of the study can be summarized under
the following headings:
To collect the data and analyse the present problems related groundwater quality.
To assess the physiochemical properties of the groundwater samples.
To evaluate the impact of groundwater contamination by groundwater quality
analysis.

2. Sampling

Selection of places from where the sample is to be collected is selected by mapping the location.

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NICMAR 2nd International Conference On Construction, Real Estate, Infrastructure and Project (CRIP) Management, 10-11 November 2017, Pune, India

Figure 1
kharghar

Figure 2
mansarovar

Figure 3
Mansarovar village borewell

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NICMAR 2nd International Conference On Construction, Real Estate, Infrastructure and Project (CRIP) Management, 10-11 November 2017, Pune, India

Figure 4
Kharghar borewell

3. Materials and Methods

The drinking water parameters like pH, turbidity, alkalinity, total hardness, permanent
hardness, dissolved oxygen, chloride content were analysed as per IS 10500:2012.

4. Results and Discussion

Observation: The permissible limit of pH of drinking water is 6.5 to 8.5 as per the standards
of CPCB. From the graph below all the sample collected from various locations have the pH
range within the permissible limit. The graph shows the average value of pH in a particular
location. The error bar indicates the variations in the pH in that location. When the pH value
is between 0 and 7 it is known as acidic and when it is more than 7 till 14 it is known as basic.
When the value is 7 it is known as neutral pH.

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NICMAR 2nd International Conference On Construction, Real Estate, Infrastructure and Project (CRIP) Management, 10-11 November 2017, Pune, India

Figure 5.
pH graph

Turbidity gives unpleasant view to the water and makes it unfit for drinking. Turbidity often
indicates the presence of dispersed and suspended solids like clay, organic matter, silt, algae
and other microorganisms.
Observation: The permissible limit for turbidity is 1 NTU according to the standards of
CPCB. From the below graph, all the samples have turbidity within the range of permissible
limit except for the sea water. This indicates there is very less presence of dispersed and
suspended solids in the sample locations except for sea water.

Figure 6.
Turbidity graph

Observation: The range of dissolved oxygen in the sample locations is around 7mg/l and
that of sea water is around 10mg/l. The higher the dissolved oxygen in water gives better taste
to it. However, higher dissolved oxygen corrodes the metal pipes which carries this water.
Hence it is desirable that the water has optimum value of dissolved oxygen that is 4mg/l to
10mg/l.

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NICMAR 2nd International Conference On Construction, Real Estate, Infrastructure and Project (CRIP) Management, 10-11 November 2017, Pune, India

Figure 7.
DO graph

Observation: The permissible limit for total hardness in drinking water is 600mg/l. From the
graph below all the sample locations have the total hardness range within the permissible
limits except the sea water. Hard water causes excessive consumption of soap used for
cleaning purposes but it is useful for the growth of the children due to the presence of
calcium. Soft water causes cardio vascular diseases and absolutely soft water causes the
metals to corrode and dissolve.

Figure 8.
Total hardness graph

Observation: The permissible limit of permanent hardness in drinking water is 600mg/l. From
the graph below all the samples have the permanent hardness within the permissible limit except
for sea water. Permanent hardness is caused by the chloride and magnesium sulphates in water.
Effects of permanent hardness is almost same as that of total hardness.
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NICMAR 2nd International Conference On Construction, Real Estate, Infrastructure and Project (CRIP) Management, 10-11 November 2017, Pune, India

Figure 9.
Permanent hardness graph

The permissible limit for alkalinity in the water is 600mg/l as per the standards of CPCB. From
the graph below the samples are having alkalinity more than the permissible limit. Continuous
consumption of alkaline water, drinking water with a high pH, causes disruption of the body's
normal pH. This condition may lead to a disease called metabolic alkalosis, which may cause
discomfort by confusion, nausea, vomiting, hand tremors, muscle twitching, and tingling in the
face, hands and feet.

Figure 10.
Alkalinity graph

Observation: The permissible limit for chlorides in the drinking water as per standards of
CPCB is 1000mg/l. From the graph below all the samples have the chloride content well within

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NICMAR 2nd International Conference On Construction, Real Estate, Infrastructure and Project (CRIP) Management, 10-11 November 2017, Pune, India

the permissible limit except for the sea water. Chlorides determination in natural waters are
useful in the selection of water supplies for human use. chloride determination helps to find the
rate of pumping of ground water at locations where salt water intrusion is a problem. It helps
in finding out the type of desalting apparatus to be used

Figure 11.
Chloride test

5. Conclusion

Groundwater quality collected in and around the region of kharghar and mansarovar region has
been analysed in the present work. The groundwater is alkaline in nature and the total hardness
& permanent hardness observed in all the samples fall under hard to very hard categories.
The pH range and turbidity of water is within in desire limit as prescribed by IS 10500: 2012.
The dissolved oxygen (DO) content is also within the desirable range. The chloride content of
all the samples are within acceptable limit of IS 10500: 2002, so we can conclude that the
intrusion of saltwater in the region of kharghar and manasarovar region is considerably low.
Also the groundwater quality is fairly good. However some treatment is needed for hardness
reduction and alkalinity reduction of water is required to making it fit for consumption purpose.

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NICMAR 2nd International Conference On Construction, Real Estate, Infrastructure and Project (CRIP) Management, 10-11 November 2017, Pune, India

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