1.

Local Authority defined in general clause act

Rajasthan Electricity board case

Union of India vs RC Jain

42nd amendment is known as mini constitution

2. Doctrine of Eclipse :- Shall be kept in a dormant state

Example Real life example of eclipse

Keshav Madhav Menon (doctrine of eclipse)

Doctrine of eclipse will apply only to pre constitutional law and not post consti law this case
distinguished between pre consti law and post consti law – Deep chand vs state of UP

state of Gujarat vs Ambika mills

Article 15 16 29 30 are only available to citizens of India.

3. Doctrine of Waiver

One cannot waive off their fundamental rights

Young Lawyer association vs State of Kerela (Sabrimala Case):- Justice chandrachud gave the opinion
to include personal laws in article 13 (3) of Indian Constitution

4. Article 14 No person shall be denied equality before law or Equal protection of law within
territory of India

Equality before law is a negative concept (Founder – Edward Coke)

A V Dicey stated that to achieve equality before law three points

Supremacy of Law

Equality before Law

Predominance of Legal Spirit

5. Equal protection of law is taken from 14 th amendment from US constitution

Like should be treated like unlike should be treated unlike Shall be reasonable classification

EV Roy Appa case (read once)

Air India vs Nargesh Meerza

Kalyan Sarkar vs Rajesh Rajan

Navtej Singh Johar vs Union of India (Aboishment of Article 377)

Young Lawyer Association vs State of Kerela (mensturating women were not allowed in Sabrimala
case and it violated the article 14 of women equal protection of law)

6. Case for 15 (1) Article 15 no person shall be discriminated on the basis of caste race sex
religion and place of birth
 DP Joshi vs state of Madhya Bharat (Excusing capitation fee for Madhya Bharat student the
supreme court held that place of residence is not same as place of birth)
7. Appa badu hingle vs state of Karnataka Article 15(2) harijans were abused by the accused
they were not allowed to drink water from the well which is included in article 15(2)
It was held that the accused was not convicted under the crime because of lack of evidence
Yusuf abdul aziz case vs state of Bombay for Article 15 (3) (Read)
8. 15 (4) Champakam Dorairajan vs State of Madras DPSP will act as sipplimental nature to the
fundamental rights
Indra Sawhney vs Union of India
Facts : creamy layer was excluded from backward class
No reservation in promotion was allowed and overruled T Devadasan vs UOI by declaring
carry forward rule
9. Article 17 Untouchability doesn’t mean literally if a person is suffering from a disease or
hasn’t bathed in days article 17 wont be applicable here it applies to the case where the
tradition has been practiced in India