Foreign

Industrialization is a process that has occurred throughout the history of all economically "developed"
nation states and is still a goal for the majority of the governments of those numerous populations that
are still largely underdeveloped today. A nation's economy undergoes a major transformation as a result
of industrialization, and the methods by which it produces material goods become increasingly
mechanized as other, primarily mineral sources of energy, take the place of labor provided by humans or
animals. A unique instance of the almost universal phenomenon of human trade and economic
transformation is industrialization.

(Thomas McKeown 1970) made the case that improving living standards, rather than advances in
medical research and technology, were mostly to blame for the transition model's specified mortality
drop following industrialization10. Initial transmission of the positive impact of economic expansion on
population health was mainly through a progressively increasing per capita nutritional intake made
feasible by improved food availability and rising real earnings (purchasing power). McKeown's
groundbreaking epidemiological examination of the historical sequence of precise cause-of-death data
accessible for the whole population of England and Wales since the mid-19th century served as the
foundation for this result.

Two significant contributions from the 1970s appear to have further developed transition theory. First of
all, Omran's theory of epidemiological transition identified three different types of epidemiological
regimes that are indicative of the three stages of demographic transition17. The pre-industrial high
mortality stage was dominated by famines and plagues, which were then followed by "receding
pandemics" as transitional cultures industrialized, became wealthier, and improved in terms of medical
science. The most advanced, long-lived societies in stage three, however, were predominantly plagued
by "degenerative and man-made diseases." Second, Thomas McKeown stated in his widely read book
The Modern Rise of Population that growing living standards, rather than advances in medical
knowledge and technology, were the primary factor in the mortality drop associated with
industrialization, as specified in the transition model10.

Initial transmission of the positive impact of economic expansion on population health was mainly
through a progressively increasing per capita nutritional intake made feasible by improved food
availability and rising real earnings (purchasing power). McKeown's groundbreaking epidemiological
examination of the historical sequence of precise cause-of-death data accessible for the entire
population of England and Wales since the mid-19th century served as the basis for this finding.

Industrialization and health | British Medical Bulletin | Oxford Academic (oup.com)

(Liu and Diamond, 2005) The water deficit is made worse by the degradation of water quality brought on
by human pollutant discharges since the contaminated water may be of little or no value. Over the past
several decades, industrial and municipal wastewaters, household wastes, and agricultural activities
have significantly contaminated China's surface water and groundwater .Only 64.2% of river sections,
58.8% of major lake regions, 81.1% of major reservoirs, and 23.2% of groundwater wells could produce
water that met the standards for sources of drinking water, according to the most recent national water
quality survey (MWR (Ministry of Water Resources), 2012). Meanwhile, severe contamination has made
water from 4.5% of reservoirs, 24.7% of lake regions, and 17.2% of river sections essentially unusable.

The water from 17.2% of the river sections, 24.7% of the lake areas, and 4.5% of the reservoirs is now
practically worthless due to significant pollution (MWR, 2012). Since the extensively polluted water
could no longer satisfy the requirements of the intended applications, various water-related initiatives
and investments, such as water transfers and water abstraction, have been damaged by the widespread
pollution (Cheng and Hu, 2012).

Water pollution during China's industrial transition - ScienceDirect

Although rapid industrialization was sparked by rising globalization in Malaysia, this article demonstrates
how a lack of significant technological advancement and structural change led to the industry's
premature plateauing. This failure to coordinate policies, enforce standards, maintain high productivity
growth, and promote the shift to higher value-added activities resulted in these failures. Since the late
1990s, pay growth in manufacturing as a whole has been weak, and the labour markets are
characterized by a high proportion of low-skilled foreign workers, rising contract labor and outsourcing,
and falling worker organization. Malaysia has gone down the path of low industrialization because it has
prioritized importing low-skilled, labor-intensive foreign labor rather than growing its professional and
skilled workforce.

Industrialization and labour in Malaysia: Journal of the Asia Pacific Economy: Vol 20, No 1
(tandfonline.com)

The environment, human health, and property can all be negatively impacted by air pollution. Numerous
studies have demonstrated the link between air quality and health. The epidemiology and laboratory
investigations showed that ambient air pollutants, such as PM, O3, SO2, and NO2, were a factor in
bronchitis, emphysema, and asthma, among other respiratory conditions. This essay's goal is to examine
the connection between air quality and human health. This conceptual study focuses on the results of a
literature review on air quality and the important health implications connected to it.

(PDF) Human Health and Wellbeing: Human Health Effect of Air Pollution (researchgate.net)

In modern history, the Industrial Revolution was the transition from an agrarian and handicraft economy
to one dominated by industry and machine production. These technological advancements brought
about unique working and living arrangements and radically altered society. The 18th century saw the
start of this process in Britain, which then expanded to other regions of the globe. The English economic
historian Arnold Toynbee (1852–83) originally popularized the phrase Industrial Revolution to
characterize Britain's economic growth from 1760 to 1840, while French writers had used it earlier.
Since Toynbee's time, the phrase has been used more broadly to refer to an economic transformation
process than to describe a time period in a specific environment. This explains why some regions, like
China and India, were not the first to start.

This explains why certain regions—like China and India—did not start experiencing their first industrial
revolutions until the 20th century, while others—like the United States and western Europe—started
experiencing their "second" industrial revolutions by the late 19th century.
Industrial Revolution | Definition, History, Dates, Summary, & Facts | Britannica

Manufacturing employment in nonmetropolitan US counties increased by 23.9% between 1970 and

1979. The US Congress has made an effort to take advantage of this trend of industrial migration and
use it as a tool for policy to address the problems of rural poverty and urban catastrophe. Rural areas'
job structures are diversifying more and more. As a result, it is no longer suitable to mentally
associate manufacturing with rural industrialisation. The ensuing rural-to-urban movement resulted in
pockets of poverty and sluggish economies in rural areas while creating a labor surplus in many urban
districts. Relief from poverty, unemployment, government budget constraints, and enhancements to
the standard and scope of public services are all admirable objectives for rural America.

Industrialization | 19 | Rural Society in the U.S.: Issues for the 198 (taylorfrancis.com)