d

Anglo-Chinese Junior College

JC 2 Physics Preliminary Examination
Higher 1

CANDIDATE
CLASS
NAME

CENTRE INDEX
S 3 0 0 4
NUMBER NUMBER

PHYSICS 8867/02
Paper 2 Structured Questions 17 August 2018
2 hours
Candidates are to answer on the Question Paper.
No Additional Materials are required

READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST

Write your Name, Class, and Index number in the spaces at the top of this page
Write in dark blue or black pen.
You may use an HB pencil for any diagrams, graphs or rough working.
Do not use staples, paper clips, glue or correction fluid.

The use of an approved scientific calculator is expected, where appropriate.

Section A
Answer all questions.
For Examiners’ use
only
Section B
Answer one question only. Section A
1 / 8
You are advised to spend one and a half hours on Section A and
half an hour on Section B. 2 / 9
3 / 11
At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together.
The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each 4 / 6
question or part question. 5 / 10
6 / 16
Total / 60
Section B
7 / 20
8 / 20
Grand
/ 80
Total

This paper consists of 27 printed pages

 2
For
DATA AND FORMULAE Examiner’s
Use

Data
speed of light in free space, c = 3.00 × 108 m s−1
permeability of free space, μo = 4π × 10−7 H m−1
permittivity of free space, εo = 8.85 × 10−12 F m−1
(1/(36π)) × 10-9 F m-1
elementary charge, e = 1.60 × 10−19 C
the Planck constant, h = 6.63 × 10−34 J s
unified atomic mass constant, u = 1.66 × 10−27 kg
rest mass of electron, me = 9.11 × 10−31 kg
rest mass of proton, mp = 1.67 × 10−27 kg
molar gas constant, R = 8.31 J K−1 mol−1
the Avogadro constant, NA = 6.02 × 1023 mol−1
the Boltzmann constant, k = 1.38 × 10−23 J K−1
gravitational constant, G = 6.67 × 10−11 N m2 kg−2
acceleration of free fall, g = 9.81 m s−2

Formulae
1
uniformly accelerated motion, s = ut + 2 at 2
v2 = u 2 + 2as
work done on/by a gas, W = p ΔV
hydrostatic pressure, p = ρgh
Gm
gravitational potential, φ = −
r
displacement of particle in s.h.m., x = xo sin ωt
velocity of particle in s.h.m., v = vo cos ωt
± ω xo − x
2 2
=
mean kinetic energy of a molecule of 3
E = kT
an ideal gas, 2
resistors in series, R = R1 + R2 + …
resistors in parallel, 1/R = 1/R1 + 1/R2 + …
Q
electric potential, V =
4πεo r
alternating current/voltage, x = xo sin ωt
transmission coefficient, T ∝ exp(−2kd)
8π 2 m (U − E)
where k =
h2
radioactive decay, x = xo exp(−λt)
ln 2
decay constant, λ = t1
2

Anglo-Chinese Junior College 2018 J2 H1 8867 Paper 2 Preliminary Examination

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For
Section A Examiner’s
Answer all questions Use

1 (a) State two differences between random and systematic errors.

……………………………………………….………………………………………………

……………………………………………….…………………...…………………………

……………………………………………….………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………...………………… [2]

(b) Fig. 1.1 shows a simple pendulum consisting of a mass m attached to a light
inextensible string of length L. The pendulum is secured to a fixed point and made
to undergo oscillations when displaced sideways by a small angle θ.

θ
L

Fig. 1.1 (not to scale)

The period of oscillation T can be found by the following equation:

L
T 2 = 4π 2
g
where g is the acceleration of free fall.

(i) Given L = 50.0 ± 0.2 cm; g = 9.8 ± 0.1 m s-2, find T with its associated
uncertainty.

T = ………………… ± ………………… s [4]

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Anglo-Chinese Junior College 2018 J2 H1 8867 Paper 2 Preliminary Examination
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For
(ii) When determining period T directly using a stopwatch, it is a good practice to Examiner’s
Use
take a large number of oscillations.

Explain why this should be done.

…………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………..…………………………………… [1]

(iii) The acceleration of free fall g on a body is caused by the gravitational field of
the Earth.

Suggest why there is a variation in the strength of the Earth’s gravitational field
at different locations on Earth.

…………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………..……………………………………………………… [1]

Anglo-Chinese Junior College 2018 J2 H1 8867 Paper 2 Preliminary Examination

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For
Examiner’s
Use
2 At time t = 0.0 s, a golf ball is launched with an initial velocity u and angle θ to the
horizontal as shown in Fig. 2.1. After 8.8 s, it lands at a distance of 220 m away at the
same level as it was launched.

θ
220 m

Fig. 2.1

(a) Determine u and θ .

u = ………………… m s-1

θ = ….……………… o [5]

(b) (i) Calculate the magnitude of the change in velocity, Δv , of the golf ball in the
duration t = 0.0 s to t = 7.0 s.

Δv = ………………… m s-1 [1]

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Anglo-Chinese Junior College 2018 J2 H1 8867 Paper 2 Preliminary Examination
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For
(ii) By scale drawing, draw the vectors representing u and Δv on Fig. 2.2. Hence, Examiner’s
Use
determine the magnitude and direction of the velocity v of the ball at 7.0 s.
Label the vectors clearly

Fig. 2.2

magnitude of v = ………………… m s-1

angle below horizontal = ………………… ° [3]

Anglo-Chinese Junior College 2018 J2 H1 8867 Paper 2 Preliminary Examination

 7
For
3 (a) A model plane of mass 0.40 kg is whirled in a horizontal circular motion as shown Examiner’s
Use
in Fig. 3.1. An inextensible string of length 0.60 m, connects the plane to the top
end of the vertical pole. The rate at which the plane whirls is measured to be 90
revolutions per minute. The string makes an angle θ with the vertical. (Ignore air
resistance)

Fig. 3.1

(i) Show that the tension in the string is 21.3 N.

[3]

(ii) Hence or otherwise, calculate the angle which the string makes with the
vertical.

angle = ………………………. 0 [2]

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Anglo-Chinese Junior College 2018 J2 H1 8867 Paper 2 Preliminary Examination
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For
(iii) Explain if it is possible for the plane to whirl such that the string attached to it Examiner’s
Use
becomes horizontal.

………………………………………………………………………………………..

………………………………………………………………………………………..

……………………………………………………………………………………..[1]

(b) A geostationary satellite orbits about the equatorial plane with an orbital radius of
4.23 x 107 m. A Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite may orbit around the poles of the
earth at a height of 2 000 km above the earth’s surface and in a plane approximately
perpendicular to the equatorial plane. (Take radius of earth to be
6 400 km).

(i) Show that the period of the orbit is independent of the mass of the satellite.
Explain your answer clearly.

[3]

(ii) Hence or otherwise, determine the period of the LEO satellite described in
(b).

period = ………………………. hour [2]

Anglo-Chinese Junior College 2018 J2 H1 8867 Paper 2 Preliminary Examination

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For
4 Fig 4.1 shows a fixed resistor R and a thermistor connected in parallel to a battery with Examiner’s
Use
an electromotive force E and internal resistance r.

E
r

A
R

thermistor

Fig 4.1

Fig 4.2 shows how the reading in the voltmeter V changes as current drawn from the
battery, I, varies.

V/V
1.60

1.50

1.40

1.30

1.20

1.10

1.00

I/A
0.90
0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60 0.70 0.80 0.90 1.00 1.10 1.20 1.30

Fig 4.2

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Anglo-Chinese Junior College 2018 J2 H1 8867 Paper 2 Preliminary Examination
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For
(a) Use Fig. 4.2 to determine the E and r. Examiner’s
Use

E = ………………… V [1]

r = ………………… Ω [2]

(b) State and explain how the power output of R varies as the temperature of the
thermistor increases.

………………………………………………………………………………………..

……………………………………...….........…….........…………..……………….

……………………………………...….........…….........…………..……………….

………………………………………...……...........…………..…………………….

………………………………..….......……………..……………………………..[3]

Anglo-Chinese Junior College 2018 J2 H1 8867 Paper 2 Preliminary Examination

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For
5 (a) Rutherford’s α-particle scattering experiment was conducted to probe the structure Examiner’s
Use
of the atom.

Explain why only a small proportion of the α-particles incident on the gold foil are
deflected through angles greater than 90°.

……………………………………………….………………………………………………

……………………………………………….………………………………………………

……………………………………………….………………………………………………

……………………………………………….………………………………………………

……………………………………………….………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………...… [3]

(b) A deuterium nuclear fusion reaction is given below:

2
1 H + 12H → A + B

where A is a charged particle and B is an unknown element.

The process is followed by a reaction involving B with another deuterium atom given
below:
2
1H + B → 24He + 01n

Atomic masses
Deuterium 12H atom : 2.01410 u
Protium 11H atom : 1.00783 u
Neutron 01n : 1.00867 u
(i) Deduce the nucleon and proton numbers of A and B.

nucleon number of A = …………………

proton number of A = …………………

nucleon number of B = …………………

proton number of B = …………………

[2]

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Anglo-Chinese Junior College 2018 J2 H1 8867 Paper 2 Preliminary Examination
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For
(ii) Explain why the above nuclear fusion reactions cannot occur with slow moving Examiner’s
Use
particles of deuterium nuclides.

…………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………..…………… [1]

(iii) Determine the binding energy per nucleon of a 12H nuclide.

binding energy per nucleon = ………………… MeV [4]

Anglo-Chinese Junior College 2018 J2 H1 8867 Paper 2 Preliminary Examination

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For
6 Read the following article and then answer the questions that follow. Examiner’s
Use

Nissan Leaf – the advocate for electric vehicles?

The term electric vehicle (EV) refers to any vehicle that uses electric motors for
propulsion. Since 2008, a revival in electric vehicle manufacturing occurred as several
national governments established tax rebates, subsidies, and other incentives to
promote the introduction of new electric vehicles in the mass market. For example, the
current maximum tax credit allowed by the United States Government is US$7,500 per
car. Charging an electric car can be done at a variety of charging stations, which can be
installed in both houses and public areas.

Currently, there are over 2 million electric cars in use over the world. The Nissan Leaf is
the best-selling highway-capable electric car, with over 300,000 units sold globally by
January 2018. It is a compact five-door hatchback electric car first introduced in Japan
and the United States in December 2010.

The bottom of the car has aerodynamic paneling to reduce drag and improve
aerodynamics as much as possible. The Nissan Leaf has a drag coefficient Cd of 0.28
and the official range is 172 km on a full battery charge. The car has a top speed of
150 km h-1 and it is suggested that the car is able to go from 0 to 97 km h-1 in 9.9 seconds.

The Nissan Leaf uses a 30 kW h lithium-ion battery pack consisting of 48 modules of

4 battery cells each and the specific energy of each cell is 140 W h kg-1. The battery pack
can be charged using a 230 V 30 A power supply and is expected to retain 70 - 80% of
its capacity after 10 years.

The battery capacity percentage P of the Nissan Leaf is given by

( )
P =  3.075 × 10−5 x 2 − 0.0064 x + 1 × 100
where x is the number of months of usage. Here, it is assumed that the driver travels
12500 miles on average a year.
(1 mile = 1.609 km)

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Anglo-Chinese Junior College 2018 J2 H1 8867 Paper 2 Preliminary Examination
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For
(a) (i) Assuming the Nissan Leaf undergoes constant acceleration from rest, Examiner’s
Use
determine the distance travelled when it reaches its top speed.

distance = ………………… m [2]

(ii) The drag force Fd acting on a body is given by

Fd = ½ ρv2CdA

where ρ is the density of medium body is moving in, v is the velocity of the
body and A is the cross sectional area.

1. Show that Cd has no units.

[1]

2. Given that ρ = 1.2 kg m-3 and A = 2.27 m2, determine the power provided
by the engine when the Nissan Leaf is travelling at a constant speed of
50 km h-1.

power = ………………… W [2]

Anglo-Chinese Junior College 2018 J2 H1 8867 Paper 2 Preliminary Examination

 15
For
(b) Fig. 6.1 below shows the energy breakdown for every 100 litres (L) of gasoline Examiner’s
Use
consumed by a conventional car that uses an internal combustion engine.

Fig. 6.1

During braking, the kinetic energy of conventional cars is lost to the surroundings
as heat generated in the disc brakes due to friction. However, EVs are able to use
regenerative braking, where the electric motor acts as a generator, to retrieve part
of the kinetic energy lost via braking to charge the car’s battery.

(i) State the energy efficiency of the conventional car.

efficiency = ………………… [1]

(ii) Describe the transformation of energy in the car when regenerative braking is
used in EVs.

……………………………………………….…………..…………………….……...

………………………………………………….………………...……………………

……………...………………………………………………………..……….…… [1]

(iii) The Nissan Leaf is able to recover 80% of the energy dissipated from braking
in the wheels. However, 10% of this energy recovered is lost in the conversion
to useful energy stored in the battery pack.

Determine the overall increase in efficiency from (a)(i).

increase in efficiency = ………………… [2]

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Anglo-Chinese Junior College 2018 J2 H1 8867 Paper 2 Preliminary Examination
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For
(c) (i) Deduce what is meant by the term specific energy. Examiner’s
Use

……………………………………………….……………...…………………………

……………………………………………….…………………...……………………

……………………………………………………………………..……………… [1]

(ii) Determine the mass of each battery cell.

mass = ………………… kg [1]

(iii) Determine the time taken to fully charge a depleted Nissan Leaf battery pack.

time = ………………… hours [1]

(iv) Data for battery capacity percentage P and number of months of usage x for
the Nissan Leaf is given in Fig. 6.2.

x / months battery capacity percentage P / %

0 100.00
12 92.76
24 86.41
36 80.95
48 76.36
60 72.67
72
84 67.94
96 66.90

Fig. 6.2

1. Complete Fig. 7.2 for x = 72. [1]

Anglo-Chinese Junior College 2018 J2 H1 8867 Paper 2 Preliminary Examination

 17
For
The variation with x of P is shown in Fig. 7.3. Examiner’s
Use
P/%
100

95

90

85

80

75

70

65
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
x / months
Fig. 7.3

2. Plot the point for x = 72 on Fig. 7.3. [1]

3. Complete Fig. 7.3 by drawing the best-fit line. [1]

4. Use Fig. 7.3 to determine the battery capacity percentage after 45000
miles.

P = ………………… % [1]

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Anglo-Chinese Junior College 2018 J2 H1 8867 Paper 2 Preliminary Examination
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For
Section B Examiner’s
Use
Answer one question from this section

7 (a) Explain what is meant by impulse.

……………………………………………………………………………………………….

……………………………………………………………………………………………….

……………………………………………………………………………………………….

…………………………………………………………………………………………….[1]

(b) In a fun-fair, a child of mass 35 kg steps off a platform and lands on a trampoline
as shown in Fig. 7.1.

Fig. 7.1

Fig. 7.2 shows the variation with time of the force exerted by the trampoline on the
child.

Force/N

800

Fig. 7.2 0.35 t/s

Anglo-Chinese Junior College 2018 J2 H1 8867 Paper 2 Preliminary Examination

 19
For
(i) Sketch in Fig. 7.3 the variation of velocity with time for the child from the time Examiner’s
Use
she steps off the platform to the time she reaches the maximum height after
her first bounce off the trampoline. (Air resistance is negligible)
v

Fig. 7.3 [3]

(ii) Calculate the change in momentum experienced by the child as a result of

the force exerted by the trampoline on her.

change in momentum = ………………………. N s [2]

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Anglo-Chinese Junior College 2018 J2 H1 8867 Paper 2 Preliminary Examination
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For
(iii) Another child of mass 45 kg steps off from the same platform and lands on Examiner’s
Use
the trampoline. Fig. 7.4 shows the variation with time of the force exerted on
the child by the trampoline.

Force/N

1400

0.2 t/s

Fig. 7.4

Explain if he would rebound from the trampoline with a greater or lower speed.

………………………………………………………………………………………..

………………………………………………………………………………………..

………………………………………………………………………………………..

………………………………………………………………………………………..

……………………………………………………………………………………..[2]

(iv) Describe the energy transformation from the moment the child steps off from
the platform until he reaches the lowest point before the first rebound from
the trampoline.

………………………………………………………………………………………..

………………………………………………………………………………………..

………………………………………………………………………………………..

………………………………………………………………………………………..

………………………………………………………………………………………..

………………………………………………………………………………………..

……………………………………………………………………………….............

……………………………………………………………………………………..[3]

Anglo-Chinese Junior College 2018 J2 H1 8867 Paper 2 Preliminary Examination

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For
(c) A boat of mass 2.4 x 104 kg is hauled up a rough cast iron plate by a winching Examiner’s
Use
machine as shown in Fig. 7.5. The cast iron plate is inclined at an angle θ to the
horizontal, where sin θ = 0.20, at a constant speed of 0.5 m s-1.

Fig. 7.5

(i) Draw a labelled sketch in the space below to represent the forces acting on
the boat.

[2]

(ii) The output power of the motor in the winching machine is 56.5 kW and the
efficiency of the motor is 35%. Calculate the input power to the motor.

input power = ………………………. W [2]

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Anglo-Chinese Junior College 2018 J2 H1 8867 Paper 2 Preliminary Examination
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For
(iii) Calculate the tension in the cable Examiner’s
Use

tension = ………………………. N [2]

(iv) Hence or otherwise, show that the average frictional force acting on the boat
by the cast iron plate is 65.9 kN.

[1]
(v) Calculate the rate of work done against friction.

rate of work done = ………………………. W [2]

Anglo-Chinese Junior College 2018 J2 H1 8867 Paper 2 Preliminary Examination

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For
8 (a) State two situations in which a charged particle will experience no magnetic force Examiner’s
Use
when in a magnetic field.

Situation 1 ……………………………………………………………………..…………..

……………………………………………………………………………..………………..

Situation 2 ……………………………………………………..…………………………..

………………………………………………………………………………..…………. [2]

(b) A cyclotron is designed to produce high-energy protons. This is done by passing

the protons repeatedly through two hollow D-shaped containers called dees. Within
each of the dees, there is a uniform magnetic field which causes the protons to
move in a circular path within the dees. Each time the protons cross the gap
between the dees, they are accelerated by an alternating electric field applied
between the dees.

gap

path of
proton

dees

Fig. 8.1

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For
(i) The magnetic flux density in each dee is 0.35 T. Examiner’s
Use

Show that the speed v of the proton is 7.7 x 106 m s-1 if the radius of the path
is 230 mm.

[2]

(ii) Calculate the time taken t for the proton to travel through the semi-circular path
within one dee with radius of 230 mm.

t = ………………………………… s [2]

Anglo-Chinese Junior College 2018 J2 H1 8867 Paper 2 Preliminary Examination

 25
For
(iii) The protons leave the cyclotron when the radius of their path is just equal to Examiner’s
Use
the outer radius of the dees.

Show that the maximum kinetic energy of the protons as it they exit the
cyclotron is 1.9 x 10-13 J if the outer radius of the dees is 450 mm.

[3]

(iv) The dees are held at a potential difference of 220 V for each time the proton
crosses from one dee to the other.

Calculate the number of times each proton will cross the gap in order to obtain
the maximum kinetic energy as indicated in (b)(iii).

number of crossings = …………………….. [2]

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Anglo-Chinese Junior College 2018 J2 H1 8867 Paper 2 Preliminary Examination
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For
(c) State one similarity and one difference between the electric field and the magnetic Examiner’s
Use
field.

Similarity ………………………………………………………………………………….

……………………………………………………………………………………………..

Difference ………………………………………………………………………………...

……………………………………………………………………………………………..
[2]

(d) In a cathode-ray tube, electrons are emitted from the cathode when the cathode is
heated. The electrons are then accelerated towards the anode by a large potential
difference between the cathode and anode. They will then emerge through a small
opening in the anode and enter between the y-plates at a velocity of
2.6 x 107 m s-1.

When the potential difference between the two y-plates is zero, the beam will pass
through undeflected and hit the florescent screen at point O as shown in Fig. 8.2.

screen
anode
cathode y-plates

electron
beam
O

+
Fig. 8.2

When a potential difference of 50.0 V is applied across the y-plates, the beam of
electrons is observed to be deflected.
screen

y-plates
θ

15 cm O

21 cm

Fig. 8.3 (not to scale)

Anglo-Chinese Junior College 2018 J2 H1 8867 Paper 2 Preliminary Examination

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For
(i) Show that the acceleration on each electron between the y-plates is Examiner’s
Use
5.9 x 1013 m s-2.

[2]

(ii) Hence, or otherwise, calculate the deflection angle, θ, of the electron just as
it exits the y-plates.

θ = …………………………….. ° [4]

(iii) State and explain the effect on the deflection angle θ if the two y-plates are
brought further apart.

……………………………………………………………………………………….

……………………………………………………………………………………….

…………………………………………………………………………………… [1]

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Anglo-Chinese Junior College 2018 J2 H1 8867 Paper 2 Preliminary Examination